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PLTN dan Pembangkit
Konvensional
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Introduction
• PLTN pembangkit listrik tenaganuklir
• Pembangkit konvensional ?
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Concept of power plant
• Power plant is assembly of system or subsystems
to generate electricity.
team power plant !iesel power plant "as turbine power
plant Nuclear power
plant
Thermalpower plant
T#ermal power plant$ mengkonversienergi panas ke energi listrik
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Types of %nergy
• Nuclear energy producing #eat by&ssion or fussion on nuclei.
• T#ermal energy kinetic orpotential energy associated wit#random motion in an ob'ect.
• C#emical energy comes from ac#emical reaction.
• Kinetic energy energy of motion
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(eview of T#ermodynamics Cycles(elated to Power Plants
• T#ermodynamics is t#e science of manyprocesses involved in one form of energy beingc#anged into anot#er.
• )t# law if * bodies are eac# in t#ermale+uilibrium wit# a t#ird, t#ey must be in t#ermale+uilibrium wit# eac# ot#er.
• -t# law energy cant destroyed and created
• *t# law No transformation of energy resourcecan ever be -))/ e0cient
• 1t# law entropy of an ideal crystal at 2erodegree kelvin is 2ero
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Classi&cation of Power PlantCycle
-. 3apour power cycle
Carnot cycle, (ankine cycle,(egenerative cycle, (e#eat cycle,4inary vapour cycle
*. "as power cycle
5tto cycle, !iesel cycle, !ualcombustion cycle, "as turbine cycle
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Carnot Cycle
%0siensi plant$
Practically, it is di0cult to be reali2ed
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(ankine Cylce
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4inary vapour cycle
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(e#eat6(egenerative cycle
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team Power Plant
• team is an important medium ofproducing mec#anical energy.
• It is available in abundance and itdoes not react muc# wit# t#ee+uipment of t#e plant.
• It is stable at t#e temperaturere+uired by t#e plant.
• 7t supercritical pressure, steam cantake #eat muc# from t#e boiler.
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Steam at supercritical pressure
No boiling p#enomenon 8ig# speci&c ent#alpy
8ig# outlet temperature 9#ig# e:.; Low coolant (s;
Compact plant system wit# #ig# e0ciency
e$ 5ka, et al., uper Lig#t >ater (eactors and uper @ast (eactorsA, pringer New Bork9*)-);.-*
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7 steam power plant at least must #ave$
• 7 furnace to burn t#e fuel
• team generator or boiler containing
water. 8eat generated in t#e furnace isutili2ed to convert water into steam.
• ain power unit suc# as an engine or
turbine to use t#e #eat energy of steamand perform work.
• Piping system to convey steam and water.
%ssentials of steam power plant e+uipment
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team power plant wit# coal as t#e fuel
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Process of coal6fueled powerplant
• Coal received in t#e coal storage.
• Coal is transferred to t#e furnace by coal #andling unit.
• 8eat is produced due to burning of t#e coal
• T#e #eat converts t#e water into steam at suitable
temperature and pressure.• T#e steam generated is passed t#roug# t#e super#eater
to produce super#eated steam.
• T#e super#eated steam
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Power station design
• election of site
• %stimation of capacity of power station
• election of turbines and t#eir auDiliaries
• election of boilers and t#eir auDiliaries.
• !esign of fuel #andling system
• election of condensers
• !esign of cooling system
• !esign of piping system to carry steam and water
• election of electrical generator
• !esign of control instruments
• !esign of layout of power station.
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C#aracteristics of steam power
plant
T#e power plant design s#ould be$
• 8ig#er e0ciency
•
Lower cost• 7bility to burn coal especially of #ig#
as# content
•
(educed environmental impact interm of air pollution
• 8ig#er reliability and availability
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Coal #andling
Coal delivery$ T#e coal from supply points is delivered bys#ips or boats to power stations situated near to sea orriver w#ereas coal is supplied by rail or trucks to t#e
power stations w#ic# are situated away from sea or river. Unloading: T#e type of e+uipment to be used for
unloading t#e coal received at t#e power station dependson #ow coal is received at t#e power station.
Preparation: >#en t#e coal delivered is in t#e form ofbig lumps and it is not of proper si2e, t#e preparation9si2ing; of coal can be ac#ieved by crus#ers, breakers,si2ers driers and magnetic separators.
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Terima kasi#