pltn dan pembangkit konvensional-1

8/17/2019 PLTN Dan Pembangkit Konvensional-1

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PLTN dan Pembangkit

Konvensional


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Introduction

• PLTN pembangkit listrik tenaganuklir

• Pembangkit konvensional ?


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Concept of power plant

• Power plant is assembly of system or subsystems

to generate electricity.

team power plant !iesel power plant "as turbine power

plant Nuclear power

plant

Thermalpower plant

T#ermal power plant$ mengkonversienergi panas ke energi listrik


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Types of %nergy

• Nuclear energy producing #eat by&ssion or fussion on nuclei.

• T#ermal energy kinetic orpotential energy associated wit#random motion in an ob'ect.

• C#emical energy comes from ac#emical reaction.

• Kinetic energy energy of motion


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(eview of T#ermodynamics Cycles(elated to Power Plants

• T#ermodynamics is t#e science of manyprocesses involved in one form of energy beingc#anged into anot#er.

• )t# law if * bodies are eac# in t#ermale+uilibrium wit# a t#ird, t#ey must be in t#ermale+uilibrium wit# eac# ot#er.

• -t# law energy cant destroyed and created

• *t# law No transformation of energy resourcecan ever be -))/ e0cient

• 1t# law entropy of an ideal crystal at 2erodegree kelvin is 2ero


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Classi&cation of Power PlantCycle

-. 3apour power cycle

Carnot cycle, (ankine cycle,(egenerative cycle, (e#eat cycle,4inary vapour cycle

*. "as power cycle

5tto cycle, !iesel cycle, !ualcombustion cycle, "as turbine cycle


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Carnot Cycle

%0siensi plant$

Practically, it is di0cult to be reali2ed


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(ankine Cylce


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4inary vapour cycle


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(e#eat6(egenerative cycle


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team Power Plant

• team is an important medium ofproducing mec#anical energy.

• It is available in abundance and itdoes not react muc# wit# t#ee+uipment of t#e plant.

• It is stable at t#e temperaturere+uired by t#e plant.

• 7t supercritical pressure, steam cantake #eat muc# from t#e boiler.


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Steam at supercritical pressure

No boiling p#enomenon 8ig# speci&c ent#alpy

8ig# outlet temperature 9#ig# e:.; Low coolant (s;

Compact plant system wit# #ig# e0ciency

e$ 5ka, et al., uper Lig#t >ater (eactors and uper @ast (eactorsA, pringer New Bork9*)-);.-*


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7 steam power plant at least must #ave$

• 7 furnace to burn t#e fuel

• team generator or boiler containing

water. 8eat generated in t#e furnace isutili2ed to convert water into steam.

• ain power unit suc# as an engine or

turbine to use t#e #eat energy of steamand perform work.

• Piping system to convey steam and water.

%ssentials of steam power plant e+uipment


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team power plant wit# coal as t#e fuel


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Process of coal6fueled powerplant

• Coal received in t#e coal storage.

• Coal is transferred to t#e furnace by coal #andling unit.

• 8eat is produced due to burning of t#e coal

• T#e #eat converts t#e water into steam at suitable

temperature and pressure.• T#e steam generated is passed t#roug# t#e super#eater

to produce super#eated steam.

• T#e super#eated steam


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Power station design

• election of site

• %stimation of capacity of power station

• election of turbines and t#eir auDiliaries

• election of boilers and t#eir auDiliaries.

• !esign of fuel #andling system

• election of condensers

• !esign of cooling system

• !esign of piping system to carry steam and water

• election of electrical generator

• !esign of control instruments

• !esign of layout of power station.


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C#aracteristics of steam power

plant

T#e power plant design s#ould be$

• 8ig#er e0ciency

•

Lower cost• 7bility to burn coal especially of #ig#

as# content

•

(educed environmental impact interm of air pollution

• 8ig#er reliability and availability


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Coal #andling

Coal delivery$ T#e coal from supply points is delivered bys#ips or boats to power stations situated near to sea orriver w#ereas coal is supplied by rail or trucks to t#e

power stations w#ic# are situated away from sea or river. Unloading: T#e type of e+uipment to be used for

unloading t#e coal received at t#e power station dependson #ow coal is received at t#e power station.

Preparation: >#en t#e coal delivered is in t#e form ofbig lumps and it is not of proper si2e, t#e preparation9si2ing; of coal can be ac#ieved by crus#ers, breakers,si2ers driers and magnetic separators.


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