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KAJIAN KEPERLUAN MINIMUM PURATA NILAI GRED KUMULATIF (PNGK) UNTUK BERGRADUAT BAGI PROGRAM PERINGKAT
IJAZAH SARJANA (SECARA KERJA KURSUS DAN CAMPURAN)
1.0 TUJUAN
Kajian bertujuan untuk melihat amalan semasa keperluan bergraduat minimum bagi program
pengajian peringkat Ijazah Sarjana (Tahap 7, Kerangka Kelayakan Malaysia (Malaysian Qualifications
Framework, MQF)) oleh Pemberi Pendidikan Tinggi (PPT) di Malaysia dan luar negara. Hasil kajian
tersebut akan menjadi asas kepada penetapan dasar.
2.0 LATAR BELAKANG
2.0 Merujuk kepada Garis Panduan Standard & Kriteria Kursus Pengajian Peringkat Pasca
Siswazah yang dikeluarkan oleh LAN pada tahun 2004, program peringkat Ijazah Sarjana
dibahagikan kepada 3 struktur iaitu:
i. Struktur A: Penyediaan tesis
ii. Struktur B: Campuran pengambilan kursus dan penyediaan tesis
iii. Struktur C: Pengambilan kursus sebagai asas program pengajian dan penyediaan kertas
projek
2.1 Dari segi Kaedah Sistem Penilaian:
i. Pemeriksa melakukan penilaian yang membolehkan pelajar menjawab secara lisan
soalan-soalan atau menyelesaikan masalah berdasarkan tajuk-tajuk yang telah diliputi
dalam pengajaran.
ii. Pelajar menjawab soalan atau menyelesaikan masalah secara bertulis.
iii. Pelajar menilai proses dan hasil kerja-kerja amali, demonstrasi, persembahan atau
portfolio pelajar.
iv. Pelajar menyediakan esei, projek atau laporan kerja lapangan.
v. Kombinasi antara i-iv dan kaedah yang bersesuaian mengikut tatacara pengendalian
program pengajian.
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2.2 Bagi Struktur A atau B, penilaian juga hendaklah dilakukan melalui:
i. Menduduki Peperiksaan Kelayakan; atau
ii. Persembahan Cadangan Penyelidikan; atau
iii. Gabungan antara vi & vii, iaitu Persembahan Cadangan Penyelidikan sebagai Peperiksaan Kelayakan
iv. Pemeriksaan tesis
v. Menduduki peperiksaan viva.
2.3 Dari segi pencapaian pelajar bagi setiap struktur adalah seperti berikut:
i. Struktur C: a. Pencapaian tidak kurang daripada CGPA 3.0 dan mendapat gred “memuaskan’
bagi kertas projek.
ii. Struktur B: a. Pencapaian tidak kurang daripada CGPA 3.0; dan b. Lulus Peperiksaan Kelayakan. Peperiksaan Kelayakan boleh dilakukan dengan
cara :
Bertulis; atau
Lisan, atau
Kedua-duanya.
c. Peperiksaan kelayakan ini boleh digredkan dengan penggredan “Memuaskan”
dan “Tidak Memuaskan” atau penggredan abjad A,B,C,D,E dan F.
d. Sebagaimana yang dinyatakan terdahulu, sekiranya Cadangan Penyelidikan
merupakan Peperiksaan Kelayakan, maka lulus peperiksaan tersebut
membolehkan pelajar melanjutkan perancangan penyelidikan bagi penyediaan
tesis.
e. Setelah tamat menyediakan tesis, pelajar dikehendaki menduduki peperiksaan
viva dan lulus.
iii. Struktur A:
a. Peperiksaan Kelayakan. Boleh digredkan dengan penggredan “Memuaskan” dan
“Tidak Memuaskan”.
2.4 Merujuk kepada Pekeliling MQA Bil. 1/2013 – Penggunaan Standard Ijazah Sarjana dan
Kedoktoran bertarikh 4 Mac 2013:
Standard: Ijazah Sarjana dan Kedoktoran Secara Kerja Kursus dan Campuran, tiada dinyatakan
ketetapan minimum PNGK untuk penganugerahan kelayakan Ijazah Sarjana.
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3.0 AMALAN SEMASA PEMBERI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI (PPT)
3.1 Secara keseluruhannya, PPT di Malaysia menggunakan sistem penggredan Nilai Gred Kumulatif
(NGK) dan Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) bagi program Ijazah Sarjana (Tahap 7, MQF).
3.2 Jadual di bawah adalah rumusan perbandingan di antara keperluan bergraduat minimum bagi
pelajar program Ijazah Sarjana (Tahap 7, MQF) di Malaysia dan luar negara:
NEGARA PPT KEPERLUAN BERGRADUAT
MINIMUM
Malaysia Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)
Minimum PNGK 3.00
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
Al-Madinah International University
(MEDIU)
Amerika
Syarikat
Boston University
Minimum PNGK 3.00
Weber State University
Johnson & Wales University
Valdosta State University
Park University
University of Bridgeport
United
Kingdom Cardiff University Merit
Australia University of Canterbury Honours or Distinction
Bond University Honours
New Zealand University of Otago Credit (Merit)
Massey University Distinction
University Waikato Distinction
University of Wellington Merit
3.3 Markah dan Penggredan Markah beberapa PPT di Malaysia dan luar negara boleh dibandingkan
di Jadual 1 hingga 3, di Lampiran A.
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4.0 ANALISIS KAJIAN
4.1 Syarat kelayakan masuk minimum Merujuk kepada Standard: Ijazah Sarjana dan Kedoktoran
Secara Kerja Kursus dan Campuran, dinyatakan seperti berikut:
i. Ijazah Sarjana Muda dengan PNGK 2.5 bagi kemasukkan ke Ijazah Sarjana Secara Kerja
Kursus
ii. Ijazah Sarjana Muda dengan PNGK 2.75 bagi kemasukkan ke Ijazah Sarjana Secara
Campuran.
4.2 PPT tempatan dan luar negara kebanyakannya menetapkan keperluan bergraduat minimum
PNGK 3.00 atau setara bagi program pengajian Ijazah Sarjana (Secara Kerja Kursus dan
Campuran) (Tahap 7, MQF).
4.3 Pelajar yang memasuki program Ijazah Sarjana (Tahap 7, MQF) mampu mencapai keputusan
yang baik di peringkat tersebut.
5.0 KESIMPULAN
5.1 Berdasarkan dapatan kajian dan analisis, Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) 3.00 atau setara
untuk bergraduat bagi program pengajian peringkat Ijazah Sarjana (Secara Kursus dan
Campuran) (Tahap 7, MQF) boleh dipertimbangkan pelaksanaanya di Malaysia.
Nota:
Pekeliling berkenaan penetapan PNGK 3.00 telah dikeluarkan melalui Pekeliling MQA Bil. 4/2013
bertarikh 8 November 2013.
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LAMPIRAN A
JADUAL 1: PERBANDINGAN MARKAH DAN PENGGREDAN MARKAH OLEH BEBERAPA NEGARA
GRED MARKAH MALAYSIA &
AMERIKA
SYARIKAT
UNITED
KINGDOM
AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND
A+ 90-100 4.00 Distinction
High Distinction Distinction
A 80-89
A- 75-79 3.67 Distinction Merit
B+ 70-74 3.33
B 65-69 3.00 Merit Credit (Merit)
-
B- 60-64 2.67
C+ 55-59 2.33 -
C 50-54 2.00 Pass
-
C- 47-49 1.67 -
D+ 44-46 1.33
D 40-43 1.00 Conceded,
Conditional or
Compensatory
Pass
- E
30-39 0.67
F 0-29 0.00 Fail
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JADUAL 2: PERBANDINGAN AMALAN SEMASA KEPERLUAN BERGRADUAT IJAZAH SARJANA DI PPT TEMPATAN
NO PPT KEPERLUAN BERGRADUAT
PEMBERI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI AWAM (PPTA)
1. Universiti Utara
Malaysia (UUM)
Berdasarkan dokumen Rules & Regulation for Post Graduates Studies,
dinyatakan perkara award of degree seperti di bawah (m/s 37 (26.0):
i. In order to awarded the degree, a students must fulfil the following
requirement:
a. Follow and pass the examination for all subjects required by the
programme of study and obtain a CGPA of at least 3.0;
b. Sit for any other examination as may be required by the
programme of study;
c. Fulfil all the requirements of the Universities and Universities
Colleges Act and other related Act;
d. Settled all debt and dues owed to the university;
e. Students pursuing a programme of study by research, must have
presented and defended the thesis successfully.
http://www.ahsgs.uum.edu.my/index.php/faq/academic-resources/rules-and-
procedure
2. Universiti
Teknologi
MARA (UiTM)
Berdasarkan Academic Rules & Regulation for Post Graduates dinyatakan
perkara berkenaan academic conferment seperti di bawah (m/s 28 18.0)):
i. Student will be conferred the Master Degree upon:
a. Achieving a minimum of CGPA of 3.00; and
b. Achieving a minimum grade of B in all the core courses stated in
the programme studies;
c. Achieving a minimum grade of C in all the elective courses as
stated in the programme of studies;
d. Fulfil all university requirements and regulations;
e. Approved by the senat.
http://fka.uitm.edu.my/v1/images/postgradute/cwmaster.pdf
3. Universiti Sains
Malaysia (USM)
Coursework & Mixed Mode Programme
A graduate student of USM must full fill the following requirements for purposes of
graduation.
http://www.ahsgs.uum.edu.my/index.php/faq/academic-resources/rules-and-procedurehttp://www.ahsgs.uum.edu.my/index.php/faq/academic-resources/rules-and-procedurehttp://fka.uitm.edu.my/v1/images/postgradute/cwmaster.pdf
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Pass all core and elective courses and also other pre-requisite courses
determined by the respective School/Centre;
Pass the dissertation (for mixed-mode programme);
Pass the research project (for coursework mode programme). Obtain at
least a CGPA of 2.5 (for the Masters programme) and a CGPA of 3.0 (for the
PhD programme); and
Pass the research project (for coursework mode programme). Obtain at
least a CGPA of 2.5 (for the Masters programme) and a CGPA of 3.0 (for the
PhD programme); and
M.Med student must pass all 3 Professional examination and satisfactory
mini thesis
http://www.ips.usm.my/index.php/currentStudents/examination/graduationRequi
rements
4. Universiti Putra
Malaysia (UPM)
Berdasarkan maklumat di website IPT, maklumat di bawah adalah berkenaan
dengan CGPA requirement untuk bergraduat seperti berikut:
Graduation
To graduate, students must:
achieve a cumulative average of at least 3.00 in all graduate courses taken.
submit a thesis acceptable to the Board of Examiners.
fulfill the resident requirement and pay all fees due.
5. Universiti
Teknologi
Malaysia (UTM)
Berdasarkan Peraturan Akademik Pengajian Siswazah, pengurniaan ijazah bagi
Post Graduate Studies hanyalah pada CGPA 3.00 (m/s 40. Jadual III).
Keputusan bawah daripada 3.0 tidak layak diberi pengurniaan ijazah.
http://www.fppsm.utm.my/ogsr/download/cat_view/122-graduate-
studies.html
http://www.ips.usm.my/index.php/currentStudents/examination/graduationRequirementshttp://www.ips.usm.my/index.php/currentStudents/examination/graduationRequirementshttp://www.fppsm.utm.my/ogsr/download/cat_view/122-graduate-studies.htmlhttp://www.fppsm.utm.my/ogsr/download/cat_view/122-graduate-studies.html
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PEMBERI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI SWASTA (PPTS)
6. Al-Madinah
International
University
(MEDIU)
Berdasarkan Article 115 dinyatakan bahawa:
A candidate is deemed academically eligible to be conferred the degree if:
1. Passed all the core subjects, project and achieved a minimum CGPA of 3.00 for
the programme; or he meets all post-examination and pre-graduation
requirements.
2. Has completed the minimum period of study and not exceeded the maximum
period allowed, as well as satisfied all residential requirements.
Apart from the academic requirements, all the following administrative
requirements also need to be fulfilled:
1. Is currently registered (not withdrawn, defaulted, deferred or terminated);
2. Has made full settlement of fees and is free of any financial commitments
and debts to the University;
3. Is free from any disciplinary action or any other pending disciplinary action.
http://www.mediu.edu.my/rules-and-regulation/postgraduates-
rules/graduation.html
http://www.mediu.edu.my/rules-and-regulation/postgraduates-rules/graduation.htmlhttp://www.mediu.edu.my/rules-and-regulation/postgraduates-rules/graduation.html
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JADUAL 3: PERBANDINGAN AMALAN SEMASA KEPERLUAN BERGRADUAT IJAZAH SARJANA DI PPT LUAR NEGARA
PPT KEPERLUAN BERGRADUAT
AMERIKA SYARIKAT
Boston University
Graduation Standards
Graduate students must complete their required academic program
with a grade point average of at least 3.0 to graduate. The graduation
GPA includes all coursework taken after matriculation applicable to
the degree sought (regardless of grade obtained) and any previous
courses submitted in fulfillment of program requirements.
http://www.bu.edu/academics/eng/policies/graduation/
Weber State University* Graduation Requirements
The Master of Criminal Justice degree requires the completion of 36
semester hours. You must take four core courses totaling 12 semester
hours, receiving a grade of “B-“ or better in each course. Any core
course in which you receive a grade lower than a “B-“must be retaken.
A minimum GPA of 3.0 for all courses is required for graduation.
http://www.weber.edu/cj/CJMastersDegree/MCJGraduationRequirem
ents.html
Johnson & Wales
University
Graduation Requirements
Graduation requires successful completion of a prescribed sequence of
study and a minimum grade point average of 3.00. Students with a
cumulative GPA below 3.00 will be not be in compliance with the
criteria for good academic standing and may be subject to academic
dismissal. Foundation and prerequisite courses are not calculated into
the graduating grade point average. M.Ed. students must also
successfully complete six course modules and a capstone project.
http://catalog.jwu.edu/handbook/academicpolicies/graduationrequir
ements/
http://www.bu.edu/academics/eng/policies/graduation/http://www.weber.edu/cj/CJMastersDegree/MCJGraduationRequirements.htmlhttp://www.weber.edu/cj/CJMastersDegree/MCJGraduationRequirements.htmlhttp://catalog.jwu.edu/handbook/academicpolicies/graduationrequirements/http://catalog.jwu.edu/handbook/academicpolicies/graduationrequirements/
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Valdosta State
University*
Graduation Requirements
i. Students must complete an application for graduation one
semester prior to their expected graduation date.
ii. A 3.0 cumulative grade point average (GPA) on a 4.0 scale is
required for graduation. No grade below a “C” will be credited
toward the degree.
iii. The maximum time allowed for completion of the master’s
degree is seven calendar years. All requirements for the MAcc
degree must be completed within the seven-year period
beginning with the student’s first term of enrollment in a
graduate course (i.e., a 7000 level course).
http://www.valdosta.edu/academics/graduate-school/our-
programs/graduation-requirements.php
Park University Graduation Requirements
i. Completion of thirty-six (36) semester hours of prescribed
courses with an overall GPA of 3.0 or above.
ii. During the enrollment in PA 602, or as soon afterwards as
possible, each student will have to pass both a written and an
oral comprehensive examination.
iii. Applications for Graduation must be submitted no later than
November 1 for May graduation and April 1 for December
graduation.
http://www.park.edu/grad/mpa-requirements.aspx
http://www.valdosta.edu/academics/graduate-school/our-programs/graduation-requirements.phphttp://www.valdosta.edu/academics/graduate-school/our-programs/graduation-requirements.phphttp://www.park.edu/grad/documents/ComprehensiveExamination.dochttp://www.park.edu/grad/documents/ComprehensiveExamination.dochttps://www.park.edu/registrar/gradapp/http://www.park.edu/grad/mpa-requirements.aspx
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University of
Bridgeport*
Graduation Requirements and Grading
To qualify for the award of the degree of Master of Business
Administration, a student must fulfill the following minimum
requirements:
1. Admitted to candidacy for the degree in the School of
Business
2. Satisfactorily complete all academic requirements with a
cumulative grade point average grade of “B” (CGPA = 3.0) or
better
3. File an application for the award of the degree at the Records
Office on or before the date published in the University
Calendar
4. Complete all academic requirements within five (5) years
from the date of first registration, unless a petition for
extension is granted. Extensions are granted only for
compelling reasons.
Academic Standards
Students are expected to maintain a minimum Cumulative Grade
Point Average (CGPA) of 3.0. A student whose CGPA falls below 3.0
will be placed on academic probation. S/he may be separated from
the program unless the minimum CGPA of 3.0 is achieved within the
next 9 credit hours.
Grading
Passing grades for graduate study range from “A” to “C”. Any work
earning a grade below “C” will be assigned the grade of “F”.
Incomplete work – grade of “I” – must be completed within one
calendar year of the completion of the course or will be changed to
“F”. A student receiving the grade of “F” should attempt to repeat
immediately the course in which the grade was received. In computing
the CGPA the grade from the first repeat of a course replaces the
original grade. Grades from transfer or waiver credit and from non-
MBA courses taken after the beginning of the program are excluded
from CGPA calculations.
http://www.bridgeport.edu/academics/graduate/businessmba/gradu
ationreqrmnts.aspx
http://www.bridgeport.edu/academics/graduate/businessmba/graduationreqrmnts.aspxhttp://www.bridgeport.edu/academics/graduate/businessmba/graduationreqrmnts.aspx
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UNITED KINGDOM
Cardiff University Awards, weightings, and degree classifications.
This section sets out the ways in which degree and classification
outcomes will be arrived at.
Master’s Degrees
Students that achieve a minimum of 180 credits at level 6 or above,
including a minimum of 150 credits at level 7, with a dissertation of at
least 60 credits at level 7, shall be awarded a Master’s Degree.
To be awarded a Master’s Degree with Distinction a student must:
•Achieve a Final Mark of 70 or above, AND
•Achieve a mark of at least 70 in their Dissertation, AND
•Achieve an average mark of at least 65 in their taught modules.
To be awarded a Master’s Degree with Merit a student must:
• Achieve a Final Mark of 60 or above, AND
• Achieve a mark of at least 60 in their Dissertation, AND
•Achieve an average mark of at least 55 in their taught modules.
http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/assessmentmatters/wp-
content/uploads/2012/01/PGT-Award-Rules-Senate-Approved-14-Mar-
2012.pdf
AUSTRALIA
University of
Canterbury
Types of Qualifications
Master’s Degree
Where students have performed with excellence, and provided that
certain standards have been met, including completion within a set
time limit, master’s degrees can be awarded with either honours or
distinction.
http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/courses/quals_types.shtml#masters
Bond University Honours
Degrees are awarded with “Honours” according to the following scheme
http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/assessmentmatters/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/PGT-Award-Rules-Senate-Approved-14-Mar-2012.pdfhttp://www.cardiff.ac.uk/assessmentmatters/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/PGT-Award-Rules-Senate-Approved-14-Mar-2012.pdfhttp://www.cardiff.ac.uk/assessmentmatters/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/PGT-Award-Rules-Senate-Approved-14-Mar-2012.pdfhttp://www.canterbury.ac.nz/courses/quals_types.shtml#masters
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of classification:
Class of Honours Cumulative %
First Class 80% or above
Second Class Division A 75 - 79%
Second Class Division B 70 - 74%
The award of Honours in the Australian (unlike the English) University
system is an indication of superior performance. Many good students
graduate without being awarded Honours.
NEW ZEALAND
University of Otago Master of Arts (MA)*
Level of Award of the Degree:
The degree may be awarded with distinction or with credit.
http://www.otago.ac.nz/courses/qualifications/ma.html#2
Massey University Master of Finance (M.Fin)*
Distinction
The M.Fin may be awarded with Distinction where candidates achieve
at least an A- average across the 120 credits and complete it within one
year (full-time) or three years (part-time) of first enrolling for the
degree.
http://www.masterstudies.com/Master-of-Finance-
%28MFin%29/New-Zealand/Massey-University/
Victoria, University of
Wellington
Award of Distinction or Merit
The decision to award Distinction or Merit is made by the Head of
School (or, in the case of FHSS, by the Deputy Dean) on the advice of the
relevant Programme Director or Board or Committee of Examiners or, in
the case of Law, the Law Faculty Research and Postgraduate
Committee.
http://www.otago.ac.nz/courses/qualifications/ma.html#2http://www.masterstudies.com/Master-of-Finance-%28MFin%29/New-Zealand/Massey-University/http://www.masterstudies.com/Master-of-Finance-%28MFin%29/New-Zealand/Massey-University/
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Overall standard
Distinction A or A+
Merit A- or B+
http://www.victoria.ac.nz/documents/policy/staff-
policy/assessment-handbook.pdf
University of Waikato Degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA)*
Award of Honours
The Degree may be awarded with Distinction.
http://calendar.waikato.ac.nz/regulations/masters/mba.html
*Catatan:
Keputusan berdasarkan program.
http://www.victoria.ac.nz/documents/policy/staff-policy/assessment-handbook.pdfhttp://www.victoria.ac.nz/documents/policy/staff-policy/assessment-handbook.pdfhttp://calendar.waikato.ac.nz/regulations/masters/mba.html