bulletin for the school of materials and mineral resources ... 2006.pdf · lawatan pelajar ijazah...

Majlis MenandatanganiMemorandum Persefahaman (MoU)di antara Universiti Sains Malaysia

Dengan Perbadanan KemajuanNegeri Pahang (PKNP) dan KSG

Resources Sdn.Bhd.

Pulau Pinang, 14 Disember 2006: Satumajlis menandantangani MemorandumPersefahaman (Memorandum ofUnderstanding or MOU) di antaraUniversiti Sains Malaysia (USM) danPerbadangan Kemajuan Negeri Pahang(PKNP) dan KSG Resources Sdn Bhd telahdiadakan di Bangunan Eureka USM PulauPinang.

MOU ini dibuat ekoran daripada ker-jasama yang sudah terjalin di antara KSGResources Sdn Bhd dan Pusat PengajianKejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral,USM dalam bentuk kajiselidik kawasanperlombongan bijih besi di Pahang. PKNPadalah pemegang pajakan lombong bagikawasan ini dan KSG Resources adalahpengusaha bagi pihak PKNP.Dalam majlis ini, bagi pihak USM diwakilioleh Yang Berbahagia Dato' ProfesorMuhammad Idiris Salleh, Timbalan NaibCanselor Penyelidikan dan Inovasi, pihakPKNP diwakili oleh Yang Berbahagia Dato'Hj Lias bin Mohd Noor, Ketua EksekutifPKNP dan bagi pihak KSG Resourcesdiwakili oleh En. Mohd Kahiri Bin SokGaffor, Pengerusi Eksekutif KSGResources Sdn Bhd. Turut hadir ialahDekan Pusat Pengajian KejuruteraanBahan dan Sumber Mineral, Prof. Madya

Dr Khairun Azizi bt Mohd Azizli, YangBerbahagia Dato' Hj. Abdul Rahman binHj Imam Arshad, PengerusiPerlombongan Sg. Temau, Pahang danpara jemputan yang terdiri daripadasyarikat-syarikat dan perbadanan yangberkaitan dengan perlombongan sertakakitangan-kakitangan Pusat PengajianKejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral.Sempena MOU ini geran penyelidikansejumlah satu juta ringgit akan diberikanoleh KSG Resources kepada PusatPengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan danSumber Mineral dalam usaha men -jalankan penyelidikan untuk perlombon-gan dan pemperosesan bijih besi.Dengan adanya MOU ini, kakitanganakademik, juruteknik dan pelajar akanmendapat pendedahan yang lebih luasdalam industri mineral.

USM kini sedang bergerak ke arah sebuahinstitusi pengajian tinggi yang berorien-tasikan penyelidikan. USM sentiasa mem-buka pintu untuk kerjasama dengan pihakindustri supaya perkongsian pengetahuandiperluaskan melalui pertukarankepakaran dan hasil penyelidikan. Usahaini tidak akan tercapai tanpa kerjasamaerat dari pihak industri dan swasta seper-ti PKNP dan KSG Resources (M) Sdn. Bhd.Adalah menjadi matlamat USM untukmeningkatkan kerjasama seperti ini seba-gai salah satu cara untuk mengem-bangkan ilmu ke peringkat yang lebihtinggi. Kerjasama di antara USM danpihak swasta dalam teknologi tinggi danbidang sains boleh dilihat sebagai satu

cara pembelajaran yang dapat diman-faatkan oleh kedua-dua pihak. Dengan iniuniversiti boleh memahami dengan lebihdekat lagi kehendak industri dan dengansecara tidak langsung pengajaran di uni-versiti boleh dibuat sejajar dengan keper-luan industri.

AUN/SEED-Net Program 2006

Penang, July to December 2006. TheSchool of Materials and Mineral ResourcesEngineering (SMMRE) received 5 interna-tional students for the Masters Degree pro-gramme and 3 international students forthe Doctoral Degree sandwich programme.Most of the students were from higherinstitutions of Indonesia, Phillipine,Vietnam and Cambodia. All of them areunder the three research umbrellas name-ly Nanomaterials, AdvancedMaterials/Composites and Biomaterials.

The students are under the AUN/SEED-Net programmes and the SMMRE,Universiti Sains Malaysia is selected to bethe hub for Materials Engineering in theASEAN region.

Several activities were carried outunder the AUN/SEED-Net supporting pro-grammes. Professor Etsuo Sakai FromTokyo Institute of Technology was atSMMRE from 17 to 22 July 2006 where adiscussion was held for a research projectof "Using Waste Gypsum from Slip CastingMoulds and Rice Husk in ImprovingProperties such as Strength and Durabilityof Cement".

Professor Radzali Othman went toToyohashi University of Technology from 6to 12 August 2006 under the short termvisit programme for a project of "Propertiesof Dispersion Strengthened Copper Madeby Mechanical Alloying of Copper-Niobium-Graphite Powders". After that a series ofpromotional trip had been carried out suchas to Hanoi University of Technology from6 to 8 Nov 2006, Institute of Technology ofCambodia from 11 to 13 Dec 2006 andNational University of Laos from 12 to 14Dec 2006. These trips were necessary toimprove communication amongst the insti-tutions which are involved in theCollaborative Research Programmes.

ENJINIERBuletin Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral

Bulletin for the School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia

JIL. 08 BIL. 01 No. ISSN: 1511-5275 http://www.usm.my Dis 2006

1Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2006

Majlis Menandatangani Memorandum Persefahaman (MoU) di antara Universiti SainsMalaysia Dengan Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Pahang (PKNP) dan KSG Resources

Sdn.Bhd.

Seminar PembangunanProfesionalisme Staf Sokongan

PPKBSM

11-12 November 2006 - PPKBSM telahmengelola satu Seminar di bawahProgram Latihan PTJ 2006, Unit Latihan,khas untuk semua staf sokongan PusatPengajian bertempat di Paradise SandyBeach Resort, Pulau Pinang.

Seramai 33 orang staf sokongan yangterdiri daripada staf pentadbiran dan stafteknikal telah menghadiri seminar ini.Ianya adalah satu usaha menyahut misinasional negara ke arah pembangunandan pemantapan modal insan yang holis-tik.

Seminar dimulakan dengan sesipendaftaran pada sebelah pagi dan peras-mian oleh Dekan, Prof. Madya Dr. KhairunAzizi Mohd Azizli diikuti dengan sesibergambar beramai-ramai dan jamuanminum pagi. Beberapa ceramah telahdiberikan antaranya Cabaran dan PerananStaf Sokongan Pusat Pengajian dalammerealisasikan misi dan visi universiti olehProf. Madya Dr. Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor,Akauntabiliti Terhadap Pekerjaan danPengurusan Masa oleh Profesor HanafiIsmail. Sesi petang pula diambilalih olehPegawai Program PembangunanProfesional Institut Tadbiran AwamNegara (INTAN), Encik Zaflin Pawanteh,Encik Khairudin Abdullah dan Cik SitiZubaidah Abdul Latif untuk mengadakansesi Bina Insan: Pengukuhan KerjaBerpasukan. Pada sesi ini, semua stafsokongan mengenakan pakaian sukanuntuk memudahkan pergerakan fizikal.Sesi ini dihentikan sementara waktu padasebelah petang dan disambung semulapada sebelah malam hari yang sama.

Mulai jam 6.50 pagi hari berikutnya,kesemua peserta berkumpul untuk acaraSenam Robik dan Sihat Cergas. Sesi yangdikendalikan oleh Encik Kemuridan Md.Desa itu berjaya menimbulkan keceriaan

dan semangat di kalangan semua pesertauntuk memulakan sesi ceramah berikut-nya yang bertajuk Bina Insan: KemahiranKomunikasi Berkesan Untuk StafSokongan yang juga disampaikan olehPegawai Program PembangunanProfesional Institut Tadbiran AwamNegara (INTAN). Encik Mohd. IzwanHamdan daripada Unit Perundangan USMtelah dijemput untuk menyampaikanceramah terakhir berkenaan PeningkatanTahap Disiplin Staf Universiti. Para peser-ta kemudiannya bersurai selepas menja-mu Jamuan Makan Tengahari di hoteltersebut. Program seumpama ini berjayamemberikan pengetahuan dan pendeda-han yang lebih mendalam kepada stafsokongan untuk bekerjasama dan berusa-ha dengan lebih gigih lagi ke arah menca-pai kecemerlangan pusat pengajian danuniversiti amnya.

LAWATAN PELAJAR IJAZAH TINGGIKE PULAU PINANG

17 September - Kelab Ijazah Tinggi telahmengadakan satu lawatan sambil belajardi sekitar Pulau Pinang dalam usahamengeratkan lagi hubungan antara pela-jar di samping menambahkan lagi pen-galaman terutama pelajar-pelajar antara-bangsa. Lawatan ini juga antara lainadalah untuk memperkenalkan denganlebih dekat sosial budaya masyarakatsetempat dan menambahkan suasanaharmoni di kalangan pelajar. Antarabeberapa lokasi menarik yang telahdilawati termasuklah taman ular, Kok Lokshi Temple, Bukit Bendera dan BatuFeringgi. Di samping itu, pelbagai aktivitimenarik turut dijalankan terutamanyalatihan dalam kumpulan, makan malam ditepi pantai serta kunjungan di pasarmalam terkenal di Batu Feringgi. Adalahdiharapkan aktiviti sebegini dapat terusmengeratkan persahabatan sesama pela -jar dan mendedahkan lagi keunikan PulauMutiara di kalangan semua kaum.

Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2006 2

Ir. Dr. Mior Termizi Mohd Yusof

Prof. Zainal Arifin Ahmad

Encik Samayamutthirian Palaniandy

Encik Mohd Nazri Idris

Prof. Hanafi Ismail(Ketua Pengarang)

Dr. Azura A. Rashid

Penolong Pengarang

Sidang Pengarang

Muhammad Fitri Ab Hadi

Para Peserta Bergambar Di upacara Perasmian Seminar PembangunanProfesionalisme Staf Sokongan PPKBSM

Pameran konvokesyen ke-35

Pulau Pinang 15-20 Ogos -Bersempena dengan Majlis KonvokesyenUniversiti Sains Malaysia kali ke -35, pihakuniversiti telah mengadakan acara pamer-an pusat-pusat pengajian Convex-35 yangbertempat di Tapak Ureka, USM.Sehubungan dengan itu MIMATES dengankerjasama pusat pengajian telah berjayamengadakan promosi pusat pengajiankepada semua golongan luar. Selain pam-eran statik berkenaan pusat pengajian,beberapa aktiviti menarik turut diadakantermasuklah aktiviti membuat tembikar,ujikaji berkenaan 'smart material',persembahan getah penyerap minyak danpameran penyelidikan berasaskanbarangan indung lebah. Selain daripadaitu pengunjung turut diperkenalkan den-gan aktiviti-aktiviti di pusat pengajian ter-masuklah pembinaan model perlombon-gan, pameran tempat-tempat latihanindustri di samping pemberian cendera-hati dan penjualan barangan-baranganepoksi daripada pusat pengajian.Pameran ini buat pertama kalinya telahberlangsung di Tapak Ureka, USM dan initelah meningkatkan lagi sambutan daripa-da pelbagai golongan untuk mengetahuidengan lebih dekat berkenaan pusat pen-gajian berbanding dengan tahun-tahunsebelumnya yang berlangsung di kom-pleks bilik-bilik kuliah. Program ini meru-pakan antara aktiviti tahunan MIMATESke arah memperkenalkan pusat pengajiankepada masyarakat luar terutamanyagolongan pelajar yang akan menjejakkankaki ke menara gading.

Persidangan AntarabangsaICXRI2006 yang telah diadakan di

Palm Garden Hotel, Putrajaya.

Putrajaya, 29-30 November 2006 -ICXRI2006 (International Conference onX-Ray and Related Techniques InResearch and Industry 2006) merupakansalah satu daripada siri persidangan yangdianjurkan setiap tiga tahun. ICXRI2006telah dianjurkan oleh XApp-MNS (X-RayApplication Society), UKM, MINT danPenganjur Bersama iaitu USM, UiTM, UM,UTM, UMS, KUKUM, SIRIM dan TNBR.Persidangan kali ini telah berjaya menarik100 peserta yang datang dari dalam danluar negara. Sebanyak 8 pembentangjemputan yang menyentuh tajuk-tajukterkini dalam penggunaan kaedah sinar-Xdan nuklear telah dibentangkan. Tiga sesipembentangan saintifik telah dijalankansecara serentak yang merangkumi 42pembentang di samping satu pemben-tang dari pihak vendor. Sebanyak 44poster saintifik telah dibentangkan didalam persidangan ini. Buat pertamakalinya XApp-MNS telah menyediakansebanyak 20 Geran Tajaan untuk pelajarmenghadiri persidangan ini. Secarakeseluruhannya persidangan ICXRI2006telah berjaya menggumpulkan para peng-guna dan penyelidik sinar-X bukan sahajadaripada IPT bahkan daripada banyakinstitusi penyelidikan dan industri.Sebelum itu pada 27 - 28 November 2006telah diadakan "Pre-ConferenceWorkshop on XRD and XRF 2006 yangtelah dihadiri oleh 51 orang peserta.Bengkel ini telah dikendalikan oleh pen-syarah-pensyarah daripada IPT, pusatpenyelidikan dan kakitangan pembekalalat XRD dan XRF. Sesungguhnya bengkelini telah dapat meningkatkan kefahamandan maklumat terkini berkenaan kaedah-kaedah yang berkaitan Sinar-X kepadapara peserta.


Call for papers MAMIP2007

INTRODUCTIONThe School of Materials and Mineral ResourcesEngineering (SMMRE) is one of the oldest engi-neerings in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Theschool was officiated in 1984 and since then hasremained as the pioneer in research and develop-ment in USM. The school has also grown into astrong and unique community that offers the onlyminerals-materials combination in Malaysia. Withthe addition of the polymer discipline in 2001, thisdistinguished SMMRE from all other engineeringschools not only in USM, but in the wholeMalaysia.

MAMIP 2007 is the third Postgraduate Colloquiumorganized by the Postgraduate Club of the Schoolof Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering,Universiti Sains Malaysia. This conference shallinvolve postgraduates who are currently intoresearch work related to Materials, MineralResources and Polymer Engineering. ThisColloquium is arranged to gather all postgradu-ates, local and international scholar, hence creat-ing a platform where students of different back-ground could talk about their research findings.

WHO SHOULD ATTENDPostgraduate students from higher institutionsnationwide who are interested or currently carryingout research work in areas related to Materials,Minerals or Polymer.

REGISTRATIONThe registration fee isRM180.00 Registration fees should be made payable toUniversiti Sains Malaysia in the form of a bankdraft / cheque / money order / local order. Pleasewrite KOLOKIUM MAMIP 2007 at the back of thebank draft / cheque/money order/local order.

FORMATS (EXTENDED ABSTRACT)The font type to use for the whole paper is TimesNew Roman, single spacing with font size 11unless stated. Sample is attached. Title Font size12, Bold, Centered. Leave 2 lines blank after titleand continue with name(s) of author(s). Name(s) ofauthor(s), Bold and Centered. Leave 1 line blankafter name(s) and continue with affiliation(s).Affiliation(s), Italic and Centered. Leave 1 lineblank and continue with abstract. Abstract Body,Italic, Justified, No indentions. Section headings,Word "Abstract" and other headings such as"Introduction" and "Materials and Methods" Bold,Aligned to the left. Margins Left 1.3" others 1.0".Paper size A4. Tables, Charts, Figures Title of tableon top of the table, font size 10. Title of charts orfigures is below each chart or figure, font size 10.Extended Abstract should not exceed 2 pages onanA4sized paper. All participants are required tosubmitan electronic copy (cd/e-mail).

DEADLINERegistration Forms and Extended Abstract shouldbe submitted before 24 February 2007.

SECRETARIAT MAMIP 2007School of Materials and MineralResources Engineering Postgraduate ClubUniversiti Sains Malaysia EngineeringCampus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong TebalPenang, MalaysiaE-mail : [email protected] : www.material.eng.usm.myTel : +604-5996153, +604-5996189, +604-5996104Fax : +604-5941011Contact Persons :Ms. Norkhairunnisa Mazlan (+60196223506)Ms. Nurhidayatullaili Julkapli (+60162582533)

Para Pelajar Bergambar Di depan Gerai PPKBSM Di Pameran Konvokesyen ke-35

Gotong royong Pelajar tahun 1bersama Pusat Pengajian

Nibong Tebal, 6 Julai 2006- Satu aktivitigotong royong bersama Pusat Pengajiansempena Sambutan Pelajar Baru telahdiadakan. Aktiviti ini melibatkan semuapelajar tahun 1 PPKBSM bersama stafPPKBSM sebagai aktiviti di bawah pro-gram Kampus sejahtera. Beberapa aktivi -ti telah dijalankan pada hari gotong roy-ong ini, antaranya dengan mewujudkansatu taman herba di Taman Seri Ilham,PPKBSM, menyusun semula kerusi di bilik-bilik kuliah bagi persediaan semesteryang akan bermula, memunggah per-abot-perabot yang rosak serta pemuli -haraan Taman Seri Ilham dan tanamanberpasu di sekitar pusat pengajian.

Aktiviti-aktiviti ini telah mendapat ker-jasama yang baik daripada pelajar-pelajarbaru. Kerjasama daripada staf juga amatmenggalakkan dengan turut serta secaraaktif sepanjang gotong -royong sertamemberi sumbangan pokok-pokok herbauntuk taman herba di taman Seri Ilham.Pelajar-pelajar tahun 1 telah berker-jasama merekabentuk landskap untuktaman herba dan menanam pelbagaijenis pokok herba. Antara pokok yangditanam ialah pokok serai, lengkuas,limau purut, sirih dan sebagainya. Pokok-pokok ini telah tumbuh dengan subur dantelah membuahkan hasil untuk semuawarga PPKBSM yang berminat. Syabaskepada semua yang terlibat. Semogaaktiviti ini akan mengeratkan lagi silatur-rahim antara semua warga PPKBSM danselamat datang kepada warga baru pusatpengajian.

Upacara Konvokesyen USM Ke-35

Pulau Pinang, Ogos 2006- Pada upacarakonvokesyen USM ke-35 seramai 42 grad-uan ijazah tinggi dan 199 graduan ijazahpertama telah berjaya berijazah daripadaPPKBSM. Pada konvokesyen kali ini sera-mai 53 graduan daripada kejuruteraan

Polimer telah berijazah buat pertama kalipada sidang pertama bersama samagraduan ijazah tinggi. Sidang pertamayang berlangsung 8 Ogos telahdipengerusikan oleh Seri Paduka BagindaRaja Permaisuri Agong, Tuanku Fauziahbinti Al-Marhum Tengku Abdul Rashid.Sejurus selepas tamat Sidang PertamaUpacara Konvokesyen Ke-35, Seri PadukaBaginda Tuanku Canselor telah turutmenyaksikan Pameran Khas TuankuCanselor yang diadakan di Balai PesibanAgung, Pusat Pengajian Seni USM. PadaKonvokesyen ini satu Expo Konvokesyen

dan Hari Terbuka Ke-35 yang dirasmikanoleh Seri Paduka Baginda Raja PermaisuriAgong turut diadakan. Orang ramaiberpeluang untuk mengunjungi lebih 220pameran usahawan merangkumi pelbagaiproduk. PPKBSM pada upacara kon-vokesyen ini telah berjaya mengeluarkan12 graduan Doktor Falsafah, 14 graduanSarjana Sains melalui mod penyelidikandan 16 graduan Sarjana Sains melaluimod campuran. Di samping itu, PPKBSMjuga turut berjaya mengeluarkan 101graduan Sarjana Muda KejuruteraanBahan dan 45 graduan Sarjana MudaKejuruteraan Sumber Mineral.

AGM MIMATES

Nibong Tebal, 24 Ogos - Majlis MesyuaratAgong Tahunan MIMATES telah berlang-sung di dewan kuliah-9 KampusKejuruteraan, USM. Majlis ini bertujuanmembuat perlantikan baru majlis terting-gi MIMATES untuk menerajui persatuanini bagi sesi 2006/2007, di samping mem-bentangkan segala aktiviti yang telahberlangsung sepanjang tempoh pimpinanyang lalu dan membentangkan laporanterkini laporan kewangan persatuan.Dalam mesyuarat ini, keseluruhan ahlipersatuan telah bersetuju melantikbarisan baru majlis tertinggi MIMATESseperti berikut;Presiden : Muhammad Yasin BinYacob (Kej. Polimer 3)Naib Presiden 1 : Mohd Farouk BinAbdul Kader (Kej. S. Mineral 3)Naib Presiden 2 : Wong Yew Hoong(Kej. Bahan 2)Bendahari : Abdul HamidBin Abdullah (Kej. Polimer 3)Setiausaha : NurulUmairah Bte Jamaludin (Kej. S. Mineral 3)

Lanjutan daripada itu satu majlistemuduga untuk jawatan exco dan pem-bantu exco bagi sidang 2006/2007 telahdiadakan pada 13-14/9/2006 bertempatdi Foyer Desasiswa Lembaran. Adalahmenjadi harapan MIMATES dan pusatpengajian agar barisan kepimpinan baruini dapat meningkatkan lagi martabatPPKBSM ke arah yang lebih gemilang.Ucapan tahniah dan terima kasih jugakepada semua mantan barisan kepimp-inan MIMATES sesi 2005/2006 atassegala usaha yang dicurahkan.


Imam Syafie pernah memberi nasihat tentang MENUNTUT ILMU katanya:

Aku terjaga di tengah malam untukmenekuni ilmu, lebih nikmat bagiku

daripada mendengar lagu merdu ataumencium bau wangian.

Goresan penaku di tengah lembarankertas, terasa lebih indah daripada

khayalan.

Bergelut dengan masalah keilmuan lebihmengasyikkanku daripada mendengar

nyanyian seorang gadis.

Aku terjaga setiap malam untuk belajar,pada saat orang-orang lain sedang lena

tidur.

Adakah sama darjatku dengan merekasetelah itu?

KirimanPainted man

Pelajar tahun 1 dan staf PPKBSM bergambar bersama selepas aktiviti gotong-royong

Gerai pameran PPKBSM semasa konvokesyen usm ke-35

KEJOHANAN BOLA JARING PIALAPROF MADYA DR KHAIRUN AZIZI

Nibong-Tebal, 16-17 November 2006-Buat pertama kalinya satu kejohanan bolajaring piala Prof Madya Dr Khairun Azizitelah diperkenalkan. Piala Prof Madya DrKhairun Azizi melengkapkan siri piala-piala kejohanan sukan bagi kampus keju-ruteraan yang dianjurkan oleh KelabKebajikan dan Sukan Staf Kejuruteraan(KKSSK). Kejohanan ini terbuka kepadastaf wanita semua pusat pengajian danpentadbiran.

Perlawanan akhir piala Prof Madya DrKhairun Azizi telah dilangsungkan pada22 November dengan menyaksikanpasukan Pentadbiran 1 muncul sebagaijohan mengalahkan pasukan dari PusatPengajian Kejuruteraan Aeroangkasa.Pasukan dari pusat pengajian kejuruter-aan Kimia di tempat ketiga dan PusatPengajian Kejuruteraan Elektrikal danElektronik di tempat ke-empat. Syabasdan tahniah kepada semua pasukan yangterlibat. Bagi pasukan PPKBSM walaupuntelah kecundang pada pusingan awalkejohanan namun semangat kesukananyang ditunjukkan oleh staf yang terlibatamat dihargai. Tahun depan masih adauntuk memastikan piala Prof Madya DrKhairun Azizi menjadi milik kita.

Sambutan Bulan Kemerdekaan

September - Sambutan BulanKemerdekaan peringkat PPKBSM denganjayanya telah diadakan di Dewan Kuliah 9dengan sambutan yang amat meng-galakkan daripada kakitangan dan pela -jar-pelajar pusat pengajian ini. Ini meru-pakan acara ulung yang disambut di pel -bagai peringkat. Oleh itu sebagai rakyatMalaysia yang sentiasa menghargaianugerah kemerdekaan ini, pusat penga-jian buat kali keduanya telah menyusunpelbagai aktiviti bagi menjayakan majlissambutan ini. Kemuncak aktiviti adalahMajlis Sambutan Kemerdekaan yang telahdirasmikan sendiri oleh dekan pusat pen-gajian. Dalam ucapan ulungnya, dekantelah memberikan kata-kata semangatdan amanat agar sama-sama kita menye-matkan aspirasi keranamu Malaysia bagimencapai matlamat-matlamat dalam misinasional. Dalam menjayakan majlis inipelbagai persembahan berkenaan ertikemerdekaan dan penyampaian sajak-sajak kemerdekaan dan patriotik telahdisempurnakan oleh pelajar-pelajar, kaki -tangan-kakitangan dan dekan pusat pen-gajian sendiri. Bagi AnugerahPertandingan Pengertian Kemerdekaan2006 Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan& Sumber Mineral telah dimenangi olehSaudari Lee Jo May dengan cogan kataberikut; Apakah yang anda boleh buat

demi mengekalkan kemerdekaan negaraMalaysia? "Menghayati serta menghargaisetiap detik silam untuk mengecapikemerdekaan, meluahkan cinta kepadanegara dan berani mempertahankannegara kita malaysia". Pertandingan iniadalah terbuka kepada semua wargapusat pengajian. Akhirnya pihak jawatankuasa sekali lagi merakamkan ucapan ter-ima kasih mereka di atas segala ker-jasama yang telah diberikan dalam mem-jayakan majlis ini.

Laporan Kawad Kebakaran di PusatPengajian

Tarikh Kawad Kebakaran Diadakan: 22September 2006Waktu: 10.00 - 10.30 pagiBilangan Penghuni Yang Turun diKawasan Perhimpunan:250 orang Tempoh Yang Diambil Untuk men-gosongkan Bangunan: 8 minit

Kawad kebakaran telah diadakan di PusatPengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan & SumberMineral dengan kerjasama UnitKeselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan(JKKP),Jabatan Keselamatan dan JabatanPembangunan, Kampus Kejuruteraan danJabatan Bomba. Pada waktu ini, pelajarijazah pertama seramai 180 orang, 30orang pelajar ijazah lanjutan dan 6 orangpekerja pencuci bangunan selain daripaa-

da staf akademik, pentadbiran danteknikal yang berada di PPKBSM. Setelahsemuanya berada di tempat perhim-punan, iaitu di kawasan letak kereta disebelah kiri bangunan PPKBSM, PegawaiPengosongan Bangunan telah mem-berikan penerangan mengenai kawadkebakaran ini. Antara lain, perkara yangditekankan ialah berkenaan kepentinganmengadakan kawad kebakaran sekurang-kurangnya satu kali dalam satu tahun,pendedahan kepada semua penghunibangunan mengenai laluan kecemasan,penggunaan alat pemadam api dan pent-ingnya mendengar arahan ketua-ketuatingkat sewaktu proses pengosonganbangunan. Satu demonstrasi memadamapi menggunakan alat pemadam api jugatelah dikendalikan oleh JKKP. Ucapan ter -ima kasih kepada semua yang men-jayakan kawad kebakaran ini teruta-manya pihak Jabatan Bomba, JKKP,Jabatan Keselamatan, Jabatan Pembangunan dan Ketua-ketua

dan Penolong Ketua Tingkat.Kesimpulannya, kawad kebakaran yangdiadakan telah berlangsung denganjayanya dan telah mendapat kerjasamayang baik dari semua penghuni bangunanPPKBSMPegawai Pengosongan Bangunan : Prof.Dr. Zainal Arifin Ahmad Penolong Pegawai PengosonganBangunan : Dr. Azlan Ariffin


Semangat patriotik yang ditunjukkan oleh pelajar PPKBSM di upacara sambutabulan kemerdekaan di peringkat pusat pengajian

Demontrasi memadam kebakaran yang dilakukan di perkarangan PPKBSM


KEJURUTERAAN BAHAN TAHUN 1Chan Boon PinChong Su HuiChu Li YoonFoo Tai KongLai Wei XiongLim Eng LoonLim Wen JennLo Wei LiamOoi Chin WeiPhan Chee KongSaw Kee HongWilliam Lee Kuan Chun

TAHUN 2Chiew Yi LingChoo Boon LeongChou Pui MayDeborah Chow Yen MayKhoo Fei SanKhoo Li JianKoay Hoay BinLai Chin WeiLeow Cheah LiLim Saw SingLim Way FoongMa Phui YingNoor Hifzana Binti KhalidNurul Farhana binti IbrahimSim Ee MeiTan Ann LingTan Yew LeongYap Hui Chek

TAHUN 3Cheng Chin Siong

Chin Hui KitChuah Ze MinFoong Chia ChoonHee Yoong SoonKhor Gaik HooiLee Chen WenLee See YauLeong Chui MunLeong Wei ChengNg Chee KingNur Surianni Bt Ahamad SuffinOoi Phaik Wei

TAHUN 4Eng Siew TzeKhoor Siang TianLee Chee SanLiew Kein FeeLoh Poh LinSiow Sok SingTan Jo-LeneWong Gar Shen

KEJURUTERAAN SUMBER MINERALTAHUN 1TIADA

TAHUN 2Lim Symm NeeMohd Fairol Hisyam Bin Mohd Azhar

TAHUN 3Chin Chean YeenKok Chee Weng

TAHUN 4TIADA

KEJURUTERAAN POLIMERTAHUN 1Ho Wai KitLew Ching HooSung Suet YenTan Jiun HwangWong Chee SengYee Yann Ni

TAHUN 2Lee Jo MayLee Xing MinMuhamad Amin Bin RamleeNurul Zarifah Binti Mohd AzmiTan Seah Guan

TAHUN 3Loo Soo FongPhua Yi JingTang Boon Siang

TAHUN 4Ho Hui LingHo Kar WeiLim Cheng SeeLim Ee MayLim Kong FeiLow Lai ChingMohana A/P SubramaniaOoi Shu WooiRaa Khimi Bin ShuibTan Chun KeatTay Hong KangTay Min Min

No. Date Name Organization Purpose 1. 20.7.2006 Prof. Sakai Etsuo Tokyo Institute of

Technology AUN/SEED-Net Program

2. 25.7.2006 Ir. Prof. Dr. Abd. Wahab Mohamad

Lembaga Akreditasi Negara

Panel Penilaian Akreditasi Kejuruteraan Polimer

3. 25.7.2006 Ir. Prof. Mohd. Nor Borhan

Lembaga Akreditasi Negara


4. 25.7.2006 Ir. Ikhwan Hashim Lembaga Akreditasi Negara


5. 27.9.2006 Mr. Chong Pak Hin KOMAG USA (M) Sdn. Bhd.

Research in Materials Engineering

6. 27.9.2006 Mr. Gerardo Berteso KOMAG, Inc, USA Research in Materials Engineering

7. 27.9.2006 Mr. Lai Jum Yie KOMAG USA (M) Sdn. Bhd.


8. 7/11/2006 Dr. Nasser Grayen Intel, Chandler Research in Materials Engineering

9. 7/11/2006 Mr. Kin Gan Intel Malaysia Research in Materials Engineering

10. 14.12.2006 Mr. Gurcharan Singh Mula Group 11. 14.12.2006 Mr. Yap Mula Group 12. 14.12.2006 Ms. Belimda Behrda Associate 13. 14.12.2006 Ir. Mohd Asri Bizworth 14. 14.12.2006 Ir. Jaafar Chik Chambers of Mines 15. 14.12.2006 Tan Sri Azizudin Institute of Mineral

Engineers 16. 14.12.2006 Mr. Mazlan Mansur PKNP 17. 14.12.2006 Abd. Malek Jamal PKNP 18. 14.12.2006 Ir. Anuar Hamzah SBA Consultant 19. 14.12.2006 Mr. Fakhrul Zakee SBA Consultant

USM-KSG Resources (M) Sdn. Bhd. – PKNP MOU Signing

Ceremony

20 15.12.2006 Dr. Wei Goo The University of Auckland , NZ


Visitors to the SMMRE ( July to Disember 2006 )

SIJIL DEKAN PUSAT PENGAJIAN KEJURUTERAAN BAHAN DAN SUMBER MINERAL

SEMESTER II, SIDANG AKADEMIK 2005/06

STUDIES ON REACTION TEM-PERATURE IN Cu-Nb-C MILLED

POWDER

Bui Duc Long1,Zuhailawati Hussain1,

Radzali Othman1, Minoru Umemoto2 and

Nguyen Hong Hai3

1 School of Materials and MineralResources Engineering, EngineeringCampus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300,Nibong tebal, Penang, Malaysia, 2 Department of Production SystemsEngineering, Toyohashi University ofTechnology.3 Faculty of Materials Science andTechnology, Hanoi University [email protected]

ABSTRACTThree types of elemental powder, i.e. cop-per, niobium and graphite were used toprepare copper composite reinforced withNbC particles mechanical alloyed. Themixture powder was mechanical underargon for different milling time: 31h, 42hand 54h. Differential thermal analysis(DTA) was used to determine the reactiontemperatures of samples. Confirmationwith X-ray (XRD) shows that the reactionbetween Nb and C to form NbC took placeat 900oC.

INTRODUCTIONHigh-energy ball milling process is com-monly referred to mechanical alloying.High-energy-ball milling can induce struc-tural and microstructural modification andproduce various nonequilibrium materials:supersaturated solid solution, amorphousalloys, nanocrystalline materials and soon [1]. Although the equipments and pro-cedure for mechanical alloying (MA) arevery simple, the details of structure evo-lution during MA are so complex that it ishard to build a common mechanism forMA. So it is impossible precisely predictthe reaction route and final products.Some materials show a slow transforma-tion from raw materials to resultants,while other shows a rapid transformationfrom reactants to products [2]. It hasbeen well understood that high-energymilling induces high-energy impacts onpowders, causing a severe plastic defor-mation, fracturing and cold-welding. Dueto the small scale of the microstructureand enhanced diffusivity of the elements,solid state reactions and phase tramsfor-mations may occur during milling or sub-sequent heat-treatment [3].

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) of theas-milled powders can potentially provideuseful information regarding changes thattake place in the powders during theheat-treatment period. Moreover, the

information taken from the DTA is veryimportant to decide which temperatureshould be used to form the carbide phase.In this study, DTA was carried out in orderto investigate the reaction temperature ofNb and C as well other reaction tempera-tures for the as-milled powders with dif-ferent milling times.

EXPERIMENTAL WORKMixtures of the Cu-Nb-C powders weremilled with different milling times underargon by using a planetary ball mill, usinga rotational speed of 400 rpm. The com-position of the mixture powder was Cu-40wt%Nb-10wt%C in order to get finalcomposition of Cu-40vol%NbC. The steelballs used in milling powders were 20 mmin diameter with powder-to-ball weightratio of 1:10. Initially, copper and graphitepowders were milled for 10h. Then, niobi -um powder was added and the powderwas milled for a total of 31h, 42h and54h. The DTA was carried out on the as-milled powder with heating rate of10oC/min from room temperature to900oC. XRD was run on 54h milled powderin order to confirm the in-situ carbide for-mation in the copper matrix.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONFig 1 to Fig 3 show the DTA thermogramsof the as-milled powders milled for 31h,42h, and 54h under the same condition.Apparently, there are 4 endothermic

peaks and 2 exothermic peaks clearly dis-tinguishable for all samples. Nevertheless,the temperatures for peaks lower than240oC vary slightly between samples. Thepeaks appearing at temperatures below240oC for as-milled powders can beexplained by possible grain growth orstress relaxation taking place in the as-milled powders [4]. All the endothermicpeaks at 400 oC and 520 oC reveal reactionbetween graphite and oxygen to produceCO2 [5]. Since this DTA analysis was car -

ried out under air atmosphere, most pos-sibly graphite will react to form CO2before NbC can be formed. Therefore, it isvery important to control the atmospherewhilst carrying out the heat-treatment ofthe powders. An inert atmosphere is nec-essary to prevent oxidization during heat-treatment. Exothermic peaks at 619.9 oC,560 oC, and 558 oC are observed for sam-ples with 31h, 42h, and 54h millingrespectively. At these peaks, it is possiblethat a reaction between copper and oxy-gen took place instead of a reactionbetween niobium and oxygen.

Another exothermic peak was alsoobserved at higher temperatures whichare 860 oC for sample milled for 42h. Atthis temperature, the reaction betweenNb and oxygen is able to take place aswell as the formation of NbC phase.These results agree with Botcharova's


Fig. 1- DTA thermogram for as-milled powders milled for 31h

Fig. 2- DTA thermogram for as-milled powders milled for 42h

research [6]. Both of NbC and NbO2phases have been detected in the sampleheated at 900 oC under argon atmos-phere, as shown in Figure 4. However,based on DTA it is difficult to confirm thatNbC has been formed at 900 oC becausethe DTA was done under air atmosphere.

With reference to DTA results, it is foundthat the temperatures for oxide and pos-sible formation of NbC in the as-milledpowders decreased as increasing millingtime. The possible reason can beexplained by powder surface area forreaction take place. During MA, repeatedfracturing and re-welding of powder par -ticles occurs due to ball-powder-ball and

ball-powder-container collisions. Thisleads to a decrease in the particles sizeand consequently increases their surfacearea as well as the spacing between theparticles becomes closer. Therefore, gen-eration of atomically clean surfaces bymilling increases the reaction rate of pow-ders.

CONCLUSIONThe oxidation reaction was took placewhen sample heated under oxygenatmosphere. The formation of NbO2 and

NbC in the as-milled powders decreasedas milling time increase. Moreover, theformation of NbC resulted from Nb and C

is possible to take place at 900 oC. Thistemperature also play significant role inthe synthesis of NbC from Cu-Nb-C pow-der.

REFERENCES[1] Kunyu, Z., Xinkun, Z., Baochang, C.,Qiushi, L., Xiuqin, Z. (2001) Synthesis ofNanocrystalline TiC Powder by MechanicalAlloying, Materials and Engineering C 16,p.103-105.[2] Li, Z. Q., Zhang, B. (2005) Synthesisof Vanadium Carbide By MechanicalAlloying, Journal of Alloys AndCompounds, vol. 392. p. 183-186.[3] López, M., Corredor, D., Camurri, C.,Vergara, V., Jim?nez, J. (2005)

Performance and Characterization ofDispersion Strengthened Cu-TiB2Composite for Electrical Use, MaterialsCharacterization. Articles in Press.[4] Lohse, B.H, 2005, The Controlled BallMilling of Titanium and Carbon to FormTiC,Ph.D thesis, University of Wollongong[5] Ranish, J.M., Walker, P. L. (1993) HighPressure Studied of the Carbon-OxygenReaction, Published by Elsevier ScienceLtd, vol. 32. p.135-141.[6] Botcharova, E., Freudenberger, J.,Schultz, L. (2004) Cu-Nb Alloys Preparedby Mechanical Alloying and SubsequentHeat Treatment, Journal of Alloys andCompound vol. 365, p.157-163.

Synthetic and crystallographic studies of a

4,4'-biphenylene based polyketone

Z.Ahmad and H.M.Colquhoun1

1. The University of Reading,Whiteknight, Reading, Berkshire, RG66AH, UK

1. IntroductionAromatic polyketone is a high perform-ance polymer widely in use in severe envi -ronment such as in thermal and solventextremity. Its stability owe much to thehighly crystalline nature of this polymer.However, this has resulted in prematureprecipitation of polymer at only low molarmass, especially when using a low boiling-point solvent during synthesis. In order tocircumvent this, several attempts havebeen made to synthesise such polymersvia modified monomers, so that the poly-mer produced is amorphous. In the pres-ent work, a ketal-protected monomer wassynthesised and its polymerization inves-tigated using zinc-promoted, nickel-catal -


Fig. 3- DTA thermogram for as-milled powders milled 54h

Figure 4 XRD pattern of as-milled powder 54h milling, heat-treated at 900oC

Materials & Mineral

The materials & mineral…If you use them wrongly

You haze the worldYou modified the land

Tsunami is wavingEarthquake is rocking

You blast the worldYou bleed the people

They are sufferingCrying and dying

You drain your wastesInto the streamsThe clear waters

Are now like ice cream

You pull down the treesYou put up high riseNo more greeneriesFor your child's eyes

You fill up any empty spaceAs tight as can be

No more cool breezeJust hot air to sneeze

Where are we heading?To No Entry?

The time is turning fastToo late to stay steady

Salinatin SMMRE

ysed coupling. No structural study haspreviously been ever reported for whollyaromatic polyketones. In this workpoly(4,4'-biphenyleneketone) were syn-thesized and their crystal structures weredetermined from X-ray powder data viacomputational modelling.

2. Result and discussionAn initial attempt was made to synthesisepoly(4,4'-biphenyleneketone), by directnickel-catalyst coupling of 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone but the productwas very insoluble in the reaction solventand the DSC trace showed only a mixtureof low-melting crystalline oligomers. Thepolymer was however successfully syn-thesized by polycondensation of a ketal-protected monomer to give an amorphouspolyketal, followed by hydrolysis toreform the ketone function (Scheme A).

The ketal monomer A has a melting point

87 °C and other spectroscopic, chemicaland elemental analyses confirmed theidentity of the product. Its mass spectrumshowed a highest molecular weight peakof 295.03, corresponding to the molecularion, M+. See Fig 1.

The dihalide monomer underwent nickel-mediated coupling to give an amorphousprecursor-polymer B. Spectroscopic andchemical analysis confirmed the identityof this polymer. The methylene hydrogens

in both A and B appeared as singlets intheir 1H NMR spectra, at 3.97 ppm and4.11 ppm respectively, as shown in Figure2. The aliphatic peaks showed an integra-tion ratio of 1:2 relative to the aromatichydrogen resonances in the region 7.23 -7.81 ppm.

Corresponding peaks for pre-polymer Bare shifted slightly downfield relative tomonomer A. A minor peak (labelled Z) inthe spectrum of prepolymer B might arisefrom a terminal hydrogen of short chainpolymer. Subsequent hydrolysis of theketal-prepolymer B successfully yieldedthe polyketone. It is insoluble in most sol-vents which precluded NMR analysis. TheFTIR spectra for prepolymer B and thepolyketone are shown in Figure 3. TheFTIR spectrum of prepolymer B showedstrong absorptions at 1080 and 1207 cm-1 (symmetrical and unsymmetrical C-Ostretch) but these peaks are absent fromthe spectrum of the polyketone. Similarly,peaks at 2885 and 2955 cm-1 ( CH2) are

present in the former but not in the latterspectrum. Crucially, the C=O absorptionfor polyketone (ca. 1650 cm-1) was verystrong, but extremely weak in the spec-trum of the precursor B. It is thought thatslight hydrolysis of the prepolymer duringwork-up maybe responsible for this latterabsorption.

The crystalline polyketone was producedin 57% yield, with an inherent viscosity of0.324 dL g-1 (0.25 % in H2SO4 at 25 °C).

The inherent viscosity of this polymer waswithin the range reported in the litera-ture.1 It showed a glass transition tem-perature of 322 °C and crystal meltingrange of 440 - 480 °C. See Fig 4.

No literature value for the transition glasstemperature or melting point for this poly-mer has previously been reported. The


O

Cl Cl

O O

Cl Cl

ethane-1,2-diol C6H6, H+

A

O

n

OO

n

H2SO4

Ni(PPh3)4, ZnDMAc, 65 oC

25 oC

B

Scheme A Synthesis of poly(4,4'-biphenyleneketone)

Figure 1. Mass spectrum of monomer 3.3

Figure 2 Proton NMR spectrum of monomer A (above) and prepolymer B

glass transition temperature found here isvery high compared to those of polyether-ketones2 and poly(biphenylene ether)swhere values are generally < 210 °C. Thissuggests that the polyketone has a rela-tively rigid structure, due to the presenceof the carbonyl rather than the etherbond, and is in keeping with the increasein Tg between for example poly(1,4-phenylene ether) (80 °C) and the analo-gous polyetherketone, PEK, in which halfof the ether groups are replaced byketone (160 °C). The polymer is insolublein organic solvents, including chloroform,DMAc and NMP. However the ketal pre-cursor-polymer B is largely amorphousand dissolves readily in most organic sol-vents, as a result of the bulky dioxolanering which inhibits regular packing of thepolymer chains. This is reflected in theDSC scan which showed only a glass tran-sition at 296 °C and no other thermaltransitions up to 500 °C.

3. Crystal modelingComputational modeling was performedusing software package Cerius2 based onthe direct-space approach, involvingmodel-building and energy-minimisationusing molecular mechanics force fieldsderived from structural data for one ormore oligomeric analogues of the poly-

mer in question. Initial optimisation of thestructure, based on comparisons of simu-lated and experimental powder patterns,is followed by Rietveld refinement.Energy-minimization of polyketone (ini-

tially within an arbitrary unit cell) was car-ried out using the reparametrisedDreiding 2.21 force-field. Poly(4,4'-biphenyleneketone) was found to adoptan orthorhombic lattice in space groupPbcn, with cell dimensions a = 7.55, b =6.28 and c = 17.88 Å and two chainspassing through the unit cell parallel tothe c-axis. The final Rietveld differenceplot for this polymer showed a goodagreement between calculated andexperimental data (Rwp = 0.092), as


Bond Distance(Å) Bond Angle(o) Bond Angle(o)

O-C9 1.240 C3-C8-C7 118.5 C7-C6-C5-C4 1.4

C1-C2 1.394 C1-C2-C3 120.6 C3-C4-C5-C6 -178.0

C6-C9 1.470 C3-C4-C5 118.0 C1-C2-C3-C4 0.1

C2-C3 1.492 O-C9-C6 119.6 C5-C6-C9-C10 -29.7

C6-C9-C10 120.0

Table 1 Selected bond, angles and torsion angles for 1,4-polybiphenyleneketone, 3.5

Figure 3 FTIR spectrum of the ketal-prepolymer 3.4 (above) and the polyketone 3.5after acid hydrolysis of 3.4.

Glass transitionOnset 322.23 oC

Midpoint 323.06 oC

Figure 4 DSC trace (2nd scan) of poly(4,4'-biphenyleneketone), 3.5 at heating rate 20oCmin-1

(a)

(b)

(c) Figure 5 Crystal structure of poly(4,4'-

biphenyleneketone), 3.5, in various pro-jections: (a) bc plane, (b) ac plane, (c)

ab plane.

shown in Figure 5. Selected bond lengths,bond angles and torsion angles are givenin Table 1, and projections of the crystalstructure of this polymer are shown inFigure 6.

3. Conclusions

Poly(4,4'-biphenylene ketone) was suc-cessfully synthesized via ketal-bridge pro-tective group followed by nickel couplingreaction. It was being identified as adopt-ing space group Pbcn with adjacentchains related by b glide symmetry suchthat a hydrogen of an aromatic ring isdirected at ca. 55o towards the electronsystem of the nearest ring. The biaryl unitadopt a coplanar conformation while theketone-ring torsional angle is ca.30o.Poly(4,4'-biphenyleneketone) is a highlycrystalline polymer with high thermal sta -bility. Due to its high crystallinity it isinsoluble in most organic solvents. On theother hand, the polymerisation via aketal-funtionalised prepolymer involvingzinc-mediated nickel catalysis, followedby de-protection with strong acid pro-duced a polyketone of moderate molarmass.

4. References

1. Bochmann, M; Lu, J. J. Polym. Sc: A, 1994, 32, 2493

2. Colquhoun, H.M; Lewis, D.F. Polymer, 1988, 29, 1902

MINERAL RESOURCES ENGINEERINGEDUCATION IN USM AND

REGISTRATION WITH THE BOARD OFENGINEERS

By Ir. Dr. Mior Termizi Mohd YusofProgramme Chairman of Mineral ResourcesEngineering(Ex-Inspector of Mines)

Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) had startedthe programme of mineral resources engi-neering in 1984. In 1985 the price of tin col-lapsed and began the decline of the miningindustry and to be exact the tin industry.Gravel pump mines and open cast minesstarted reducing in numbers. The dredgesalso started to stop operation one by one.The ambitious plan of one of the largest min-ing company in the world to mine anotherbig tin alluvial deposit (which was said to beequivalent to Kinta Valley) in Selangor failedand the company sold off the largest tindredge in the world in late 1980's.

Mineral Resources Engineering programme at USM

The author came to know about the mineralresources engineering programme in USM in1984 from a friend, a mining engineeringgraduate from Camborne School of Mines,UK, who had joined another local universityas a lecturer. According to him USM hadstarted a programme related to miningindustry. The university he was working withhad applied to the ministry of education tostart a course in mining engineering.However it seemed that his university did notget the approval, maybe because USM hadstarted almost the same programme ormaybe because during that time mining washaving a bad publicity. So having two uni-versities in the country offering programmein mineral was not a good idea. In additionto that the word "sunset industry" was being

harped on by most people referring to themining industry.

Then in 1989 the author registered with USMto do master degree in mining at USM andfrom here the author got to know moreabout the programme. To the author, itseemed that the mineral resources engineer-ing was a sort of a replica of the mining engi-neering degree. The programme was namedas such, maybe to avoid the negative out-look of the word "mining". However due todifficulty in getting mining engineers to servefull time as lecturers to contribute for the ini-tial running of the course, lecturers with geo-logical and chemistry background workagainst all odd to get the programme run-ning. Mining engineers from the industryand from the Mines Department wereengaged as part time lecturers to cover themining engineering courses.

Registration of Engineers

With the non-existence of mining engineersas full time lecturers in late 1980's, profes-sional mining engineers that sat in the com-mittee in the Board of Engineers Malaysia(BEM) and Institution of Engineers Malaysia(IEM) were a bit reluctant to even recognisethe degree as engineering. The author cameto know about this from a senior miningengineering consultant who happened to beone of the members within the BEM andIEM. However maybe due to persistentefforts from the academic staff within theprogramme and also with the recommenda-tion of the staff from the Mines Departmentthat served as part time lecturers, the grad-uates from this programme were finallyallowed to be registered with the BEM butunder the discipline of mineral processingengineering. The reason for this maybe dueto not enough mining engineering coursescovered within the programme and alsounder the BEM's list, the engineering disci-plines for mineral industry are the miningengineering and mineral processing engi-neering but not mineral resources engineer-ing. It was a good start and at least the pro-gramme was recognised as an engineeringprogramme by the BEM.

However to the author, this is not enoughand unfair to the USM graduates and alsounfair to the country. When the graduatesare registered under the discipline of miner-al processing, they can only become a pro-fessional engineer under the discipline ofmineral processing. Malaysia had reducedits mining operation since the collapse of tinmining industry in 1985. A professionalengineer registered under the discipline ofmineral processing cannot practice at all inMalaysia. For Malaysia the authority in min-eral industry is the Mineral and GeosciencesDepartment (previously the MinesDepartment). So the department can speci-fy who can act as mining or quarrying con-sultant. The author used to be the Inspectorof Mines with the Mines Department formore than 12 years and during that time theDepartment was very particular about theexpertise or the engineering discipline of the


Figure 6 Rietveld difference plot for poly(4,4'-biphenyleneketone), 3.5

consultants that submitted reports to theDepartment. The practice was/is that a min-eral processing engineer consultant can onlybe engaged in designing mineral processingplant or smelting plant.

In Malaysia how many mineral processingplants or smelting plants that require theservice of a consultant in mineral process-ing? The answer would be almost none,because our mining industry had collapsedand the existing industry is not that exten-sive as that of Australia or Sweden or someother advanced mining countries. The con-sultants in mineral processing engineering inMalaysia have to compete with chemicalengineers and mechanical engineers indesigning plant such as steel plant and oth-ers.

Mineral Resources Engineering akin to Mining Engineering?

Within the programmes of mineral resourcesengineering, there are courses on basic engi-neering, geology, surveying, mining andmineral processing. Does that sound famil-iar? The courses within the mineralresources engineering programme in USMare about the same as in most mining engi-neering programme all over the world. USMis the only university in the world that offersmineral resources engineering programmebut this is only in name, the curriculum isabout the same as that of any university thatoffers mining engineering programme. Itscurriculum had been confirmed to be equiv-alent to about 70% of the mining engineer-ing curriculum in New South WalesUniversity in Australia through a report byone of the external examiners (Galvin 2003).

In the 1990s the Imperial College of Scienceand Technology in London had a Departmentof Mineral Resources Engineering, but thefirst degrees offered were mining engineer-ing, mineral engineering and petroleumengineering but never offered a degree inmineral resources engineering. Now thedepartment has already been closed downdue to the decreased mining industry inUnited Kingdom and worldwide.

In the mineral industry and the quarryingindustry there is no such post as mineralresources engineer. There are posts as min-ing engineer, quarry engineer or blastingengineer and on rare occasion as mineralprocessing engineer and metallurgist.However the mineral industry in Malaysiahas accepted the fact that the mineralresources engineering graduates from USMare suitable to hold position as mining engi-neers, mineral processing engineers, quarryengineer, blasting engineer or even asdrilling engineer or production engineer inthe oil industry. In Penjom Gold Mines inKuala Lipis, USM graduates have assumedpositions as mining engineers and metallur-gists and play a major role in the running ofthe mine and even had saved the mine frombeing shut down earlier due to complicationin processing the gold ore.

The USM graduates that are registeredunder the discipline of mineral processingare in actual fact at a loosing end. This sit-uation, in effect is putting the USM gradu-ates on par with the overseas graduates inmineral processing engineering. By training,a mineral processing engineer cannot prac-tice as that of a mining engineer or for thisparticular case as a mineral resources engi-neer. By looking at the curriculum, mineralprocessing engineering and mineralresources engineering are two differentengineering disciplines, even though it can-not be denied that they are related to eachother.

Confusion

Once the programme was registered withBEM and IEM under the discipline of mineralprocessing, the author was having an uphilltask to change the registration for USM grad-uates from mineral processing to mineralresources engineering. The authority (BEM)is confused for the registration of the USMgraduates in mineral resources engineering.Most graduates were registered under min-eral processing and some had been regis-tered under the discipline of mineralresources engineering. It was a confused sit-uation as the graduates had covered thesame curriculum and yet some being regis-tered under mineral processing and somebeing registered under mineral resources.

Under the Quarry Rules of most states inMalaysia, it is defined that a quarry consult-ant must be a registered engineer with BEMunder the discipline of mining and mineralresources engineering. The same thingapplies to the regulations under the MineralDevelopment Act 1994. When most of theUSM graduates are registered under mineralprocessing, who would service the quarryingand mining industry when the professionalmining engineers are phased out due to oldage?

Summary

Mineral resources engineering graduatescertainly will fill up most post in the Mineraland Geosciences Department that requiresthe service of mining engineers. It is nowthe biggest employer of the USM graduates.As for now the mineral industry needs theservice of the graduates to fill up posts inmines and quarries. With or without theregistration of the graduates under the cor-rect discipline, the graduates can certainlystill serve the industry. However every quar-ry and mine will need the service of a quar-ry consultant or a mining consultant to pre-pare quarry and mining schemes and anyspecial work required by the Mineral andGeosciences Department, other governmentagencies and the industry.

So the registration of the mineral resourcesengineering graduates with BEM as mineralresources engineers is important for thesmooth running of the mineral industry infuture. The author had raised the matter

during the recent accreditation exercise andhad written to BEM about the misnomer ofthe registration of USM graduates. The USMauthority had to be persistent on this as thiswill affect the future of the graduates andthe future of the mining and quarryingindustry of the country.After repeated e-mails, letters and phonecalls the author received a letter from BEMdated 30th November 2006 (BEM/ACC/022)stating that USM's Mineral Resourced engi-neering graduates will be registered underthe discipline of Mineral Resources.

So those graduates who were registeredunder the discipline of mineral processingmay apply to change to mineral resourcesand later may apply to become professionalengineers in the discipline of mineralresources.

Reference: Galvin J. M. (2003). ExternalExaminers Report of Mineral resourcesEngineering Programme, Universiti SainsMalaysia. (unpublished)


Sidang Pengarang Enjinier menjemputsemua staf, pelajar-pelajar dan graduan PPKBSM memberi sumbangan rencana dan pandanganmereka kepada:

Sidang Pengarang Enjinier,Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahandan Sumber Mineral,Kampus Kejuruteraan,Universiti Sains Malaysia,14300 Nibong Tebal.

The Enjinier Editorial Board invites allstaff, students and graduates of theSchool of Materials and MineralResources Engineering to contributearticles and views to: (Articles must benot more than 3 A4 pages font 12 single spacing)

Enjinier Editorial Board,School of Materials and MineralResources Engineering, EngineeringCampus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal.

Ucapan Tahniah

Ucapan Tahniah kepada ProfesorHanafi Ismail yang menerima

Anugerah Khidmat Bakti EMSM2006 daripada Electron MicroscopySociety Malaysia pada 5 Dec 2006

yang lalu.


New Research Grants Obtained in 2006 399,405.66

16%

2,138,437.32 84%

International Grants National Grants

International Level

53,295.6613%

175,000.0044%

26,110.007%

120,000.0030%

25,000.006%

AUN/SEED-Net SAGA Nippon Sheet Glass INTEL TORAY

National Level

146,257.3221%

370,000.0054%

171,900.0025%

Short Term Grant FRGS Science Fund (MOSTI)

No. Title Source Amount (RM)

Researcher

1. Developmet of SiO2 Thin Film On Single-Crystal By Anodic Oxida Short Term Grant

17,318.00 Dr. Ir. Cheong Kuan Yew

2. Hydro-Lectrometallurgical Extraction Of Zinc-Bearing Industrial Wastes

Short Term Grant

18,388.32 Dr. Norlia Baharun

3. Prod. Of. Raw Material For Ceramic & Glass Industries Through Processing

Short Term Grant

16,315.00 Dr. Hashim Hussin

4. Development Of Paper Sludge-Thermoplastic Elatomer Composite Short Term Grant

18,660.00 Dr. Azura A. Rashid

5. Penghasilan Gentian X-Al2 O3 Tulen Bagi Aplikasi Komposit Short Term Grant

19,236.00 Dr. Hasmaliza Mohamad

6. The Synthesis Of Epoxy Resins Of Low Thermal Expansivity Short Term Grant

19,200.00 Dr. Zulkifli Ahmad

7. Preparation Of Bentonite Nanostructures And Properties of Polyproplene

Short Term Grant

17,880.00 Dr. Mariatti Jaafar @ Mustapha

8. Arc Melting and Thermal Treatment Of CUA1 Ni Shape Memory Alloy Short Term Grant

19,260.00 Dr. Zuhailawati Hussain

9. Production of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) with Various Morphology and Characteristic Using Local Limestone-Based Materials Via Continuous Production Technique

Science Fund (MOSTI)

171,900.00 Dr. Norlia Baharun

10. Development of Natural Rubber Foam and Characterisation of Its Structure-Properties Relationship for Sound Proofing and Shock Absorbing Applications


140,000.00 Dr. Zulkifli Mohamad Ariff

11. Development of High Performance Composite Materials from Semi Amorphous Hybrid Minerals Fillers from Local Resources for Automotive Industry


155,660.00 En. Samayamutthirian@ Thilagan Palaniandy

12. Application of Non-Invasive and Remote Self-Potential (Sp) Geophysical Technique for Subsurface Hydrogeological Investigation and Characterization by Clever Geophysical Modeling and Inversion


130,700.00 Dr. Kamar Shah Ariffin

13. Utilization of Paper Sludge as Filler in Thermoplastic Elastomer Composites (Tpec)


202,200.00 Profesor Hanafi Ismail

14. Development of Hydroxyapatite Filled Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Dental Materials with High Mechanical Performance, Enhanced Environmental Stability and Radio Opacity Behavior


117,000.00 Dr. Chow Wen Shyang

15. Development of Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) Gate on Single-Crystal Silicon Carbide (Sic)-Based Switching Device for High-Power and High-Temperature Applications


144,000.00 Dr. Cheong Kuan Yew

16. Reinforcement of Natural Rubber Latex Film by Soya Proteins Science Fund (MOSTI)

190,000.00 Prof. Madya Baharin Azahari

18. Utilization of Recycled Materials for the Production of Wood-Plastic Composites Intended for Outdoor Applications


181,720.00 Dr. Razaina Mat Taib

19. Ti-Al Alloys Development : Effect of Alloying Elements and Surface Treatment on the High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior


189,000.00 Dr. Nurulakmal Mohd. Sharif

20. Investigation of Charge Conduction Mechanism In Delectric Based On Wide

SAGA 175,000.00 Dr. Cheong Kuan Yew

21 Mechanochemical Synthesis Of Nanoparticle For Electronic Application

FRGS 80,000.00 Dr. Hasmaliza Mohamad

22. Analysis Of The Interactive Properties Of Self-Illumanating Naoscale Zinc

FRGS 90,000.00 Dr. Sabar Derita Hutagalung

23. A Study On The Growth, Structure and Formation Mechanism of Multifunctional Titatia Nanotubes

FRGS 60,000.00 Dr. Srimala Sreekantan

24. Investigation of Charge Conduction Mechanisms in High Permittfy (K) Dlelectric Based in Wide Bandgap Semiconductors

FRGS 60,000.00 Dr. Cheong Kuan Yew

25. Molecular Modifications of Chitosan Powder from Natural Resources

FRGS 80,000.00 Dr. Hazizan Md. Akil

National Research Grants Received In 2006

Research Grants Received In 2006.


New Staff 2006

Technicians

Mr. MuhammadFitri Ab Hadi

Mr. MohamadZaini Saari

Mrs. HaslinaZulkifli

Mr. Mohd FaridAbd. Rahim

Mr. Shahril AmirB. Saleh

Mr. Mohammad AzrulB. Zainol Abidin

No. Title Source Amount (RM)

Researcher

1. Production and Characterization Of Water-Based Epoxy Foam

AUN/SEED-Net

10,198.70 Dr. Azhar Abu Bakar

2. Synthesis, Structural and Magnetic Characterization of Rare Earth

AUN/SEED-Net

9,721.67 Prof. Madya Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor

3. Study On Concrete Properties Prepared Using Different Comp osition of Blended Cements

AUN/SEED-Net

6,631.69 Profesor Zainal Arifin Ahmad

4. Cartilage Tissue Of PCL/PLLA Copolymer Scaffold With Bio -Functionality and Growth Factor

AUN/SEED-Net

6,794.32 Dr. Hazizan Md. Akil

5.

Protective Agent-Free Synthesis Of Co Nanoparticles and Its Core-Shell

AUN/SEED-Net

6,866.60 Dr. Zainovia Lockman

6. Nano-Sized Zirconia Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Bio-Composite

AUN/SEED-Net

6,505.20 Prof. Madya Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor

7. Combined Effect Of Organoclay and Carbon Black On Properties of Natural Rubber Nano Composites

AUN/SEED-Net

6,577.48 Profesor Hanafi Ismail

8. Preparation and Characterization of High-K Dielectric Material Of CCTO By Using microwave sintering process

Nippon Sheet Glass

26,110.00 Dr. Sabar Derita Hutagalung

9. Polymer Composite For Thermal Interface Materials (TIM)

INTEL 60,000.00 Prof. Madya Azizan Aziz

10. The Study Of Tin Based Lead Free Solder: Alloy Composition And Its Effect on the substrate modification.

INTEL 60,000.00 Prof. Madya Luay Bakir Hussain

11. Development of Silicon Carbide (SiC) Nanowire For Nano-Electronic Applications

TORAY 25,000.00 Dr. Cheong Kuan Yew

International Research Grants Received In 2006

Mr. ZulkarnainB. Hasbolah

Retired Staff 2006

Technician

Mr. Md. Zandar Md.Saman


List of SMMRE Staff Publication in 2006 International Refereed Journals

No Title

1 . H.Ismail, Salmah and A. Abu Bakar, The effect of paper sludge content and size on the properties of polypropylene (PP)-ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 24, 147 – 159 (2006).

2 . Z. Mohamad, H. Ismail and C. T. Ratnam “ Characterization of Epoxidised Natural Rubber/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (ENR 50/EVA) Blend: Effect of Blend Ratio”. J. Appl. Polym. Scien. 99, 1504-1515 (2006).

3 . Z. Mohamad, H. Ismail and R. Chantara Thevy “Characterization of Irradiation-Induced Crosslink of Epoxidised NR/EVA Blends” Polymer Degradation and Stability. 91, 2723-2730 (2006).

4 . Supri and H. Ismail “Effects of Dynamic Vulcanization and Glycidyl Methacrylate on Properties of rPVC/NBR blends”. Polymer Testing. 25, 318-326 (2006).

5 . C.T. Ratnam, Z. Abdullah and H. Ismail “ Electron Beam Irradiation of EVA/ENR Blends” Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng.. 45, 555-559 (2006).

6 . H. Ismail, Supri and A.M.M. Yusof “ Effect of Dynamic Vulcanization and Acrylic Acid on Properties of rPVC/NBR Blends”.Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 45, 1073-1080 (2006).

7 . H. Ismail, A. Rusli and A.A. Rashid “ The Effect of Filler Loading and Epoxidation on Paper Sludge Filled Natural Rubber Composites”. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 45, 519-525 (2006).

8 . Salmah, H. Ismail and A. Abu Bakar “ The Effect of Chemical Modification of Paper Sludge Filled PP/EPDM Composites” J. Reinforced Plast. Composites. 25, 43-58 (2006).

9 . H. Ismail, M. Awang and H. Md Akil “ The Effects of Waste Tyre Dust (WTD) Sizes on the Mechanical and Morphological Properties of PP/WTD Blends”. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 45, 463-468 (2006).

10.

H. Ismail, M. Awang, M.A. Hazizan, "Effect of Waste Tire Dust (WTD) size on the mechanical and morpholog ical properties of polypropylene/Waste Tire Dust (PP/WTD) blends", Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 45,463-468 (2006).

11.

H.Ismail, A.Rusli, A.A.Rashid, The effect of Filler loading and epoxidation on paper sludge filled natural rubber composites, Polymer-Plastics Technology & Engineering, 45, 519-525 (2006).

12. N. Othman, H. Ismail and M. Mariatti "Effect of Compatibilisers on Properties of Bentonite Filled PP Composites" Polym. Degradation and Stability, 91, 1761-1774 (2006).

13. L.C. Sim, C.K. Lee, S.R. Ramanan, H. Ismail and K.N. Seetharamu “Cure Characteristics, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Al2O3 and ZnO Reinforced Silicone Rubber”. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 45, 301-308 (2006).

14.

Nurazreena, L.B. Hussain, H. Ismail and M. Mariatti “ Electrical and Tensile Properties of Metal Filled High Density Polyethylene Composites” J. Thermoplastic Composites. 19, 413-425 (2006).

15. H.Ardhyananta, H.Ismail, T.Takeichi and H.Judawisastra, “Preparation and properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) / organoclay / Compatabilizer Nanocomposites : Effect of Organoclay Loading and Methyl Ethyl Ketone”. Polym. Plast. Techol. Eng. 45, 1285-1293 (2006).

16. Salmah, H. Ismail and A. A. Bakar Properties of Paper sludge Filled PP/EPDM composites: The Effect of silane Based Coupling Agent, International Journal of Polymer Material, 55, 643-662 (2006)

17. K. Y. Cheong, H. C. Hussin, and K. N. Ismail Effects of calcinations temperature and zinc-source concentration on chemical-solution synthesized ZnO nanorods, ECS Transactions (The Electrochemical Society, USA), 115-121 (2006)

18. L. S. Ng and A. A. Mohamad Proton Battery based on Plasticized Chitosan-NH4NO3 Solid Polymer electrolyte, Journal of Power Sources, 163 382-385 (2006)

19. S. D. Hutagalung, K. A. Yaacob and Y. C. Keat The Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy in the Characterization of Quantum Dots, Solid State Phenomena, 529-532 (2006).

20. Samayamutthirian Palaniandy, Khairun Azizi Mohd Azizli, Ee Xun Hong, Syed Fuad Saiyid Hashim, and Hashim Hussin Custom made micronized silica for paint industry via fine grinding process, Advances in Technology of Materials and Materials Processing Journal, 109-116 (2006)

21. Teoh Wah Tzu, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor Dielectric properties and microsture of BaO. 7OSrO.3OTiO3 derived from mechanically activated BaCO3-SrCO3-TiO2 Advances in Technology of Materials and Materials Processing journal, 274-277 (2006)

22. Teh, P. L., Mohd Ishak , Z. A., Hashim , A. S., Karger -Kocsis, J., Ishiaku, U. S. Physical Properties of Natural Rubber/Organoclay Nanocomposites Compatibilized with Epoxidized Natural Rubber, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 100, 1083-1092 (2006)

23. Lim, K. K. L., Mohd Ishak, Z. A., Ishiaku ,U. S., Fuad, A. M. Y., Yusof, A. H., Czigany, T., Pukanszky B., Ogunniyi, D. S. High density polyethylene/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene blend: Part ll - Effect of hydroxyapatite on processing, thermal and mechanical properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 100, 3931-3942 (2006)


24.

M. U Wahit, A. Hassan, Z. A. Mohd. Ishak, A. R. Rahmat and A. Abu Bakar, Morphology, thermal and mechanical behaviour of ethylene octane copolymer toughened polyamide 6/polypropylene nanocomposites, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials , 19, 545 – 567 (2006).

25. M. S. F. Samsudin, Z. A. Mohd Ishak, S. S. Jikan, Z. M. Ariff, A. Ariffin, Effect of Filler Treatments on Rheological Behavior of Calcium Carbonate and Talc-Filled Polypropylene Hybrid Composites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 102, 5421 – 5426 (2006).

26. A. Ariffin, S.S. Jikan, M.S.F. Samsudin, Z.M. Ariff and Z.A.M. Ishak, Melt Elasticity Phenomenon of Multicomponent (Talc and Calcium Carbonate) Filled Polpropylene, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 25 ,913 – 923 (2006).

27. A.R.Azura, A.H.Muhr and A.G.Thomas, Diffussion and reactions of oxygen during ageing for conventionally cured natural rubber vulcanisate, Polymer-Plastics Technology & Engineering, 45, 893-896 (2006).

28. A. F. Othman & M. Mariatti Properties of Aluminum Filled Polypropylene Composites. Polymers & Polymer Composites.14, 623-633 (2006).

29. K. M. Eng, M. Mariatti, A.N.R Wagiman, K.S. Beh, Effect of Different Woven Linear Density on the Properties of Polymer Composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastic Composites. 25, 1375-1383 (2006).

30. K. Y. Cheong, W. Bahng, and N.-K. Kim, “Effects of rapid thermal annealing on nitrided gate oxide grown on 4H SiC,” Microelectronics Engineering. 83, 65 – 71 (2006).

31. A.A. Mohamad and A.K. Arof, “Effect of storage time on the properties of PVA-KOH alkaline solid polymer electrolyte system”, Ionics, 12, 57-61 (2006).

32. A.A. Mohamad, “Zn/gelled 6 M KOH/O2 zinc-air battery”, Journal of Power Sources, 159, 752–757 (2006).

33. A.A. Mohamad and A.K. Arof, “Effect of temperature on the conductivity, structural, and morphology of PVA-based alkaline solid polymer electrolyte”, Ionics 12, 263-268 (2006).

34. R. Mat Taib and Z. A. Mohd Ishak, H. D. Rozman and W. G. Glasser “Effect of moisture absorption on the tensile properties of steam-exploded Acacia mangium fiber-polypropylene composites” Journal of Thermoplastic composite Materials, 19, 475-489 (2006).

35. Ramani Mayappan, Ahmad Badri Ismail, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, Tadashi Ariga, Luay Bakir Hussain. Effect of sample perimeter and temperature on Sn-Zn based lead-free solders. Materials Letters, 60, 2383-2389 (2006)

36. H. Md. Akil, Ng Lily, J.Abd. Razak, Huilin Ong, Zainal Arifin Ahmad. Effect of various coupling agents on properties of alumina-filled PP composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites , 25, 745-759 (2006).

37. Yeoh Cheow Keat, Mohd. Fadhli Ahmad, Zainal Arifin Ahmad. Effects of Cu and Ti excess on the dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 prepared using a wet chemical method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds . Article in press Elsevier.

doi:10.1016/j.jalcom.2006.10.016.

38. Mohd Ishak, Z. A., Gatos, K. G., Karger-Kocsis, J. On the in-situ polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate (CBT) oligomers: DSC and rheological behavior, Polymer Engineering and Science,46, 743-750 (2006)

39. Ramani Mayappan, Ahmad Badri Ismail, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, Tadashi Ariga, Luay Bakir Hussain. The effect of crosshead speed on the joint strength between Sn-Zn-Bi lead-free solders and Cu substrate. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. doi:10.1016/j.jalcom.2006.07.035.

40. Wahit,M. U., Hassan, A., Rahmat, A. R., Lim, J. W., Mohd Ishak Z. A., Effect of Organoclay and Ethylene-Octene Copolymer Inclusion on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of polyamide/Polypropylene Blends. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 25, 933-956 (2006)

41. Mohd Ishak, Z. A., Shang, P., Karger-Kocsis, J., A modulated DSC study on the in-situ polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 84, 637-641 (2006)

42. Hassan. A., Othman, N., Wahit, M. U., Lim J. W., Rahmat, A. R., Mohd Ishak, Z. A., Maleic anhydride polyethylene octene elastomer toughened polyamide 6/polypropylene nanocomposites: Mechanical and morphological properties, Macromolecular Symposia, 239, 182-191 (2006)

43. Wahit M. U., Hassan, A., Rahmat, A. R., Mohd Ishak Z. A., Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Rubber-Toughened Polyamide 6/Polypropylene Nanocomposites Prepared by Different Methods of Compounding, Journal of Elastomers and Plastics, 38, 231-247 (2006)

44. Wahit M. U., Hassan., Mohd Ishak, Z. A., Rahmat, A. R., Othman, N., The effect of rubber type and rubber functionality on the morphological and mechanical properties of rubber-toughened polyamide 6/Polypropylene Nanocomposites, Polymer Journal, 38, 767-780 (2006)

45. Leong, Y. W., Abu Bakar, m. B., Mohd Ishak, Z. A., Ariffin, A., Filler treatment effects on the weathering of talc, CaCO3, and kaolin filled polypropylene hybrid composites, Composites Interfaces, 13, 659-684 (2006)

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