arsebuli satarifo da arasatarifo barierebi 3...

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evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportis Taviseburebani

s a r C e v i

evrokavSirTan vaWrobaSiarsebuli satarifo da arasatarifo barierebi 3

evrokavSirTan vaWrobaSi arsebuliarasatarifo barierebis konkretuli magaliTebi 6

evrokavSiris erTiani bazris Seqmna, misi ganviTarebada funqcionirebis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi 12

evrokavSiris mier ganviTarebadiqveynebis mimarT ormxriv da mravalmxrivformatebSi warmoebuli savaWro politika 15

saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris vaWrobis amJamadarsebuli sakanonmdeblo baza da misi gafarToebismimarTulebiT dagegmili Semdgomi nabijebi 21

Summary: Exporting to the European Union market - Specific issues 26

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evrokavSirTan vaWrobaSi arsebuli satarifo da arasatarifo barierebi

ganviTarebadi qveynebis1 ekonomikuri ganviTarebis erT-erTi aucilebeli poroba MmaTi saeqsporto SesaZleblobebis msofliobazarze maqsimaluri realizaciaa. swored es aZlevs am qveynebs ekonomikuri zrdisa da, Sesabamisad, siRaribis efeqturad daZle-vis axal SesaZleblobebs.

saqarTvelos ganviTarebis dRevandel etapze qarTvelimwarmoeblebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs strategiuliTvalsazrisiT erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan bazarTan - evrokavSirTan vaWrobis zogadi da konkretuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb informaciis gamartivebuli saxiT miwodebas. es sakiTxi gansakuTrebiT sagulisxmoa rusuli embargos fonze, romlisSedegad qarTuli produqciis mraval saxeobas realizaciisrealuri problemebi Seeqmna.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos ekonomikis ganviTa-rebis maRali tempis SesanarCuneblad, uaRresad mniSvnelovaniaeqsportis diversificireba, anu saqarTveloSi warmoebuli produ-qciis tradiciuli bazrebidan (ruseTi, centraluri azia da Aa.S.) evropuli, umaRlesi standartebis bazarze gadamisamarTeba. bune-brivia, rom swori savaWro politikis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, 500 mln-ze meti evropeli momxmareblis momcveli bazari nebismieri mwarmoeblisaTvis uaRresad mimzidvelia (dasavleT balkaneTisa da TurqeTis evrokavSirSi SesaZlo gawevrianebis procesis das-rulebis Semdeg momxmarebelTa raodenobam SeiZleba 800 mln-s gadaaWarbos). E

evrokavSirTan integracia saqarTvelos sagareo politikis erT-erT mTavar prioritetad rCeba. amdenad, saqarTvelos evrokavSir-Tan integraciis kursis SesanarCuneblad, ekonomikuri integracia uaRresad mniSvnelovania.

evrokomisiis internet-gverdze (www.europa.eu.int) naTqvamia, rom “evrokavSiri saqarTvelos ganixilavs e.w. gardamavaliekonomikis qveynad, romelic evrokavSiris mxridan sargeblobsdroebiTi (ad-hoc) sabazro ekonomikuri midgomiT” (market economy treatment). zrdis zogadi tendenciis miuxedavad, evrokavSirsada saqarTvelos Soris savaWro brunva mcire da arasakmarisad diversificirebulia, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac saqme saqarTvelodanevrokavSirSi eqsports Seexeba. ratom xdeba ase? erTi SexedviT,

1 ganviTarebad qveynebad iwodebian is qveynebi, romelTac SedarebiT da-bali cxovrebis done da erT sul mosaxleze Semosavlis SedarebiT mcire maCvenebeli aqvT, Tumca ekonomikuri ganviTarebis fazaSi imyofebian.

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evrokavSirTan vaWrobaSi arsebuli satarifo da arasatarifo barierebi

ganviTarebadi qveynebis1 ekonomikuri ganviTarebis erT-erTi aucilebeli poroba MmaTi saeqsporto SesaZleblobebis msofliobazarze maqsimaluri realizaciaa. swored es aZlevs am qveynebs ekonomikuri zrdisa da, Sesabamisad, siRaribis efeqturad daZle-vis axal SesaZleblobebs.

saqarTvelos ganviTarebis dRevandel etapze qarTvelimwarmoeblebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs strategiuliTvalsazrisiT erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan bazarTan - evrokavSirTan vaWrobis zogadi da konkretuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb informaciis gamartivebuli saxiT miwodebas. es sakiTxi gansakuTrebiT sagulisxmoa rusuli embargos fonze, romlisSedegad qarTuli produqciis mraval saxeobas realizaciisrealuri problemebi Seeqmna.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos ekonomikis ganviTa-rebis maRali tempis SesanarCuneblad, uaRresad mniSvnelovaniaeqsportis diversificireba, anu saqarTveloSi warmoebuli produ-qciis tradiciuli bazrebidan (ruseTi, centraluri azia da Aa.S.) evropuli, umaRlesi standartebis bazarze gadamisamarTeba. bune-brivia, rom swori savaWro politikis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, 500 mln-ze meti evropeli momxmareblis momcveli bazari nebismieri mwarmoeblisaTvis uaRresad mimzidvelia (dasavleT balkaneTisa da TurqeTis evrokavSirSi SesaZlo gawevrianebis procesis das-rulebis Semdeg momxmarebelTa raodenobam SeiZleba 800 mln-s gadaaWarbos). E

evrokavSirTan integracia saqarTvelos sagareo politikis erT-erT mTavar prioritetad rCeba. amdenad, saqarTvelos evrokavSir-Tan integraciis kursis SesanarCuneblad, ekonomikuri integracia uaRresad mniSvnelovania.

evrokomisiis internet-gverdze (www.europa.eu.int) naTqvamia, rom “evrokavSiri saqarTvelos ganixilavs e.w. gardamavaliekonomikis qveynad, romelic evrokavSiris mxridan sargeblobsdroebiTi (ad-hoc) sabazro ekonomikuri midgomiT” (market economy treatment). zrdis zogadi tendenciis miuxedavad, evrokavSirsada saqarTvelos Soris savaWro brunva mcire da arasakmarisad diversificirebulia, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac saqme saqarTvelodanevrokavSirSi eqsports Seexeba. ratom xdeba ase? erTi SexedviT,

1 ganviTarebad qveynebad iwodebian is qveynebi, romelTac SedarebiT da-bali cxovrebis done da erT sul mosaxleze Semosavlis SedarebiT mcire maCvenebeli aqvT, Tumca ekonomikuri ganviTarebis fazaSi imyofebian.

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msoflio savaWro sistemaSi monawileobisaTvis saqarTveloserTob xelsayreli pirobebi aqvs Seqmnili – qveyana sargeblobs evrokavSiris preferenciaTa (SeRavaTebis) ganzogadebulisistemiT (GSP) gaTvaliswinebuli satarifo SeRavaTebiT (romelTaSesaxebac qvemoT ufro dawvrilebiT visaubrebT), aris vaWrobismsoflio organizaciis wevri, sargeblobs sxvadasxva donorebis, maT Soris evrokavSiris finansuri da teqnikuri daxmarebiT da a.S. maS ra aris mizezi imisa, rom saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirsSoris vaWrobis moculoba Seqmnili pirobebis araadeqvaturia da saqarTvelo arasrulad iyenebs arsebul potencials?

rogorc gamocdileba gviCvenebs, evrokavSirTan vaWrobaSi me-same qveynebi2 metnaklebi warmatebiT axerxeben e.w. satarifo, anuadministraciuli barierebis, rogoricaa magaliTad, sabaJo da sxva administraciuli procedurebi, gadalaxvas da mniSvnelo-vani winaaRmdegobebi eqmnebaT arasatarifo barierebis daZlevis procesSi. arasatarifo barierSi igulisxmeba is teqnikuri (maT Soris, sanitaruli Tu fitosanitaruli) standartebi, romlebsac produqcia unda akmayofilebdes evrokavSiris bazarze SesaRwe-vad. maTSi aseve moiazreba sertificirebisa da produqciis war-moSobis moTxovnebi da sxva. unda aRiniSnos, rom arasatarifobarierebis uaryofiTi gavlena globaluri vaWrobis sistemis ganviTarebaze aramxolod evrokavSirTan ormxriv vaWrobaSi Sei-niSneba. Sesabamisad, maTi Semcirebis sakiTxi vaWrobis msoflioorganizaciis farglebSi mimdinare “doha-s ganviTarebis raun-dis” molaparakebebSic aris CarTuli. am ukanasknelsac Semdeg TavebSi ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixilavT.

winamdebare publikacia - pirveli saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirsSoris vaWrobis specifikasTan dakavSirebul publikaciaTaciklidan - iZleva im satarifo da arasatarifo barierebis ganmartebebs, romelTa daZleva, evrokavSirTan vaWrobis procesSi, mesame qveynebs, maT Soris saqarTvelos, uwevT.

xazgasasmelia, rom evrokavSiris erTian bazarze SesaRwevadrTuli moTxovnebia dasakmayofilebeli. Aam moTxovnaTa sirTulenakarnaxevia evrokavSiris wevr saxelmwifoTa surviliT, erTis mxriv, maqsimalurad daicvan sakuTari moqalaqeebis janmrTeloba, xolo meores mxriv, evrokavSiris Sida bazarze samarTliani konkurenciis pirobebi Seqmnan, anu ar dauSvan sakuTar bazarzeiseT pirobebSi da iseT teqnologiebiT damzadebuli produqciis

2 mesame qveynebad iwodebian is saxelmwifoebi, romlebic ar arian evro-kavSiris wevri qveynebi, im qveynebis CaTvliT, romlebic evrokavSirTanspecialuri politikuri da ekonomikuri urTierTobebiT sargebloben (ev-rokavSiris asocirebuli wevri qveynebi, evrokavSirTan stabiluriobisada asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiT dakavSirebuli qveynebi, a.S.).

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Semosvla, romelic evrokavSiris standartebs ar Seesabameba, Sesabamisad dabali TviTRirebuleba aqvs da amiT bazarze garkveulupiratesobas flobs.

evrokavSiris arasatarifo barierebis daZleva garTulebuliaim mizeziTac, rom es barierebi evrokavSiris institutebis mier damtkicebuli sakanonmdeblo aqtebisa da evrokavSiris wevriqveynebis erovnuli kanonmdeblobebis rTuli sinTezis Sedegia. Sagulisxmoa isic, rom xsenebuli sinTezuri sakanonmdeblo bazamudmivad ganaxlebis procesSia da, Sesabamisad, masSi Sesulicvlilebebis mkacr monitorings saWiroebs.

evrokavSiris bazarze produqciis importis damabrkolebeli fa-qtori SeiZleba iyos rogorc produqciis teqnikuri standarti da sertificirebis moTxovna, aseve produqciis warmoSobis dacva, xa-risxis kontroli, momxmarebelTa dacva, sabaJo da biurokratiuli procedurebi, garemos dacviTi zomebi da a.S.

imis sademonstraciod, Tu rogor abrkolebs evrokavSirisbarierebi mesame qveynebidan eqsports isic gamodgeba, romevrokavSiris sanitaruli da fitosanitaruli normebis gamo, afrikis qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze eqsporti maTi srulipotencialis mxolod 36%-s Seadgens.

evrokavSiris arawevr qveynebSi da konkretulad Cvens regio-nSi mcirea im kompaniaTa ricxvi, romlebic icnoben evrokavSirissavaWro kanonmdeblobas. amdenad, evropul bazarze orientirebulkompaniaTa did umravlesobas Sesabamisi axsna-ganmartebiTi samu-Saoebis Catareba esaWiroeba. sagulixmoa, rom Catarebuli gamo-kiTxvebis Sesabamisad, magaliTad, dasavleT balkaneTis qveynebSiregistrirebuli kompaniebis 48% ar icnobs evrokavSiris bazrisZiriTad principebs da mxolod 9%-a met-naklebad informirebulievrokavSiris Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis Taobaze. am fonze Zneli warmosadgeni ar aris, Tu ra mdgomareobaa aRniSnuli kuTxiT CvensregionSi.

evrokavSiris bazris damcavi meqanizmebis SemuSavebisa da efe-qturi kontrolis gawevis TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebuli roli evrokavSiris institutebs, kerZod ki evrokomisias ekisreba. maga-liTisaTvis, evrokomisiis janmrTelobisa da momxmarebelTa da-cvis generaluri direqtorati ayalibebs sasursaTo produqciis usafrTxoebis saerTo-evropul standartebs da mesame qveynebi-dan importirebuli sasursaTo produqtebis monitoringis we-sebs. mniSvnelovani roli akisria evrokavSiris wevr qveynebsac. TiToeuli wevri qveyana, mesame qeynebidan importirebuli produ-qciisaTvis SeimuSavebs damatebiT moTxovnebs. amasTan, Tavisi mo-Txovnebi aqvT sarealizacio da sadistribucio organizaciebs, magaliTad sacalo da sabiTumo qselebs. Sesabamisad, mesame qvey-

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Semosvla, romelic evrokavSiris standartebs ar Seesabameba, Sesabamisad dabali TviTRirebuleba aqvs da amiT bazarze garkveulupiratesobas flobs.

evrokavSiris arasatarifo barierebis daZleva garTulebuliaim mizeziTac, rom es barierebi evrokavSiris institutebis mier damtkicebuli sakanonmdeblo aqtebisa da evrokavSiris wevriqveynebis erovnuli kanonmdeblobebis rTuli sinTezis Sedegia. Sagulisxmoa isic, rom xsenebuli sinTezuri sakanonmdeblo bazamudmivad ganaxlebis procesSia da, Sesabamisad, masSi Sesulicvlilebebis mkacr monitorings saWiroebs.

evrokavSiris bazarze produqciis importis damabrkolebeli fa-qtori SeiZleba iyos rogorc produqciis teqnikuri standarti da sertificirebis moTxovna, aseve produqciis warmoSobis dacva, xa-risxis kontroli, momxmarebelTa dacva, sabaJo da biurokratiuli procedurebi, garemos dacviTi zomebi da a.S.

imis sademonstraciod, Tu rogor abrkolebs evrokavSirisbarierebi mesame qveynebidan eqsports isic gamodgeba, romevrokavSiris sanitaruli da fitosanitaruli normebis gamo, afrikis qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze eqsporti maTi srulipotencialis mxolod 36%-s Seadgens.

evrokavSiris arawevr qveynebSi da konkretulad Cvens regio-nSi mcirea im kompaniaTa ricxvi, romlebic icnoben evrokavSirissavaWro kanonmdeblobas. amdenad, evropul bazarze orientirebulkompaniaTa did umravlesobas Sesabamisi axsna-ganmartebiTi samu-Saoebis Catareba esaWiroeba. sagulixmoa, rom Catarebuli gamo-kiTxvebis Sesabamisad, magaliTad, dasavleT balkaneTis qveynebSiregistrirebuli kompaniebis 48% ar icnobs evrokavSiris bazrisZiriTad principebs da mxolod 9%-a met-naklebad informirebulievrokavSiris Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis Taobaze. am fonze Zneli warmosadgeni ar aris, Tu ra mdgomareobaa aRniSnuli kuTxiT CvensregionSi.

evrokavSiris bazris damcavi meqanizmebis SemuSavebisa da efe-qturi kontrolis gawevis TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebuli roli evrokavSiris institutebs, kerZod ki evrokomisias ekisreba. maga-liTisaTvis, evrokomisiis janmrTelobisa da momxmarebelTa da-cvis generaluri direqtorati ayalibebs sasursaTo produqciis usafrTxoebis saerTo-evropul standartebs da mesame qveynebi-dan importirebuli sasursaTo produqtebis monitoringis we-sebs. mniSvnelovani roli akisria evrokavSiris wevr qveynebsac. TiToeuli wevri qveyana, mesame qeynebidan importirebuli produ-qciisaTvis SeimuSavebs damatebiT moTxovnebs. amasTan, Tavisi mo-Txovnebi aqvT sarealizacio da sadistribucio organizaciebs, magaliTad sacalo da sabiTumo qselebs. Sesabamisad, mesame qvey-

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nis kompaniebs evrokavSiris bazarze produqciis sarealizaciodmoTxovnaTa zemoaRniSnuli sami wyebis dakmayofileba uwevT.

evrokavSiris bazris maregulirebeli sakanonmdeblo siste-mis sirTulis sademonstraciod evrokavSiris ramodenime re-glaments warmogidgenT: evrokavSiris ganawesi # 852/2004 are-gulirebs soflis meurneobis produqciis warmoebis higienurwesebs, romelTa mixedviTac mesame qveynis pasuxismgebelma or-ganom xsenebuli produqciis warmoebis procesis monitoringi unda awarmoos. evrokavSiris ganawesi # 2073/2005 gansazRvravsxilisa da bostneulis mikrobiologiuri Semadgenlobis mo-Txovnebs, xolo evrokavSiris ganawesi # 29/2000 mcenareTa im CamonaTvals Seicavs, romelTac evrokavSiris bazarze eqspor-tirebisas fitosanitaruli sertifikati unda axldes. xsenebu-li sertifikati unda mowmobdes, rom produqcia Tavisufalia misTvis damaxasiaTebeli daavadebebisagan.

rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, evrokavSiris erTiani bazari, saxelwodebis miuxedavad, ar emorCileba kanonmdeblobis erTian sistemas da erToblivad regulirdeba rogorc evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobis, ise evrokavSiris wevr qveyanTa erovnuli ka-nonmdeblobebis mier. swored amitom, broSuraTa ciklis Seqm-nis mTavar mizans evrokavSiris satarifo da arasatarifo ba-rierebTan dakavSirebuli im sakanonmdeblo aqtebis qarTveli mwarmoeblebisaTvis gasageb enaze gadmocema da maTi konkre-tul rekomendaciebad Camoyalibeba warmoadgens, romelTa gaTva-liswinebis gareSe qarTvel eqsportiorebs evrokavSiris bazar-ze produqciis realizaciis procesSi gadaulaxavi sirTuleebi SeeqmnebaT.

evrokavSirTan vaWrobaSi arsebuli arasatarifo barierebis konkretuli magaliTebi

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, mesame qveynis produqciis evrokavSirisbazarze SesaRwevad aucilebelia, rom is evrokavSirisbazris iseT mkacr sakanonmdeblo moTxovnebs akmayofilebdes, rogorebicaa janmrTelobis usafrTxoeba, garemos dacva da sxva. xsenebuli kanonmdebloba, rogorc wesi, gansazRvravsproduqciis maxasiaTeblebsa da misi warmoebis meTodebs, asevemoicavs produqciasTan dakavSirebul terminologias, simbolikas, dafasoebis, SefuTvis, markirebis da etiketirebis moTxovnebs.e.w. “Sesabamisobis Sefasebis procedurebi” ki gansazRvraven am moTxovnebis Sesrulebis mdgomareobas.

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mesame qveynebidan importirebuli produqciisaTvis evrokavSi-risa da misi wevri qveynebis mier dawesebul moTxovnebze saubri-sas kidev erTxel unda aRiniSnos, rom evrokavSiris bazris ara-satarifo barierebi evrokavSirisa da misi wevri qveynebis kanon-mdeblobaTa rTul sinTezs warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, produqciis saxeobidan gamomdinare, misi evrokavSiris bazarze Setana SesaZ-loa eqvemdebarebodes mxolod evrokavSiris, an rogorc arcTuiSviaTad xdeba, evrokavSirisa da misi calkeuli wevri qveynis savaWro kanonmdeblobas. aRniSnulis TvalsaCino magaliTs war-moadgens mineraluri da sasmeli wyali. wyali produqciis is iSviaTi saxeobaa, romlis evrokavSiris qveynebSi importi ZiriTa-dad am qveynebis kanonmdeblobiT regulirdeba. miuxedavad amisa, evrokavSirSi importirebulma mineralurma da sasmelma wyalma mainc unda daakmayofilos evrokavSiris mier dawesebuli sasur-saTo usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebi.

mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze eqsports evrokavSirissami saxis sakanonmdeblo aqti aregulirebs, esenia:

• evroregulaciebi – romelTac pirdapiri moqmedeba aqvT da ar saWiroeben evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis erovnulkanonmdeblobebSi asaxvas.

• evrodireqtivebi - romlebic savaldebuloa evrokavSiris yvelawevri qveynisaTvis da moiTxoven erovnul kanonmdeblobaSiasaxvas. amasTan, evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs eZlevaT saSualeba, erovnuli kanonmdeblobis saSualebiT Tavad gansazRvron am direqtivebiT gaTvaliswinebuli miznebis Sesrulebis gzebi;

• evrokavSiris sabWos gadawyvetilebebi - individualurigadawyvetilebebis miRebis gziT, evrokavSiris institutebseZlevaT berketebi, Sesabamisi zomebi gaataron konkretulipirebis, kompaniebis an wevri qveynis mimarT.

mesame qveynebTan vaWrobisas evrokavSirisaTvis prioritetuliamoqalaqeebis janmrTelobis maqsimaluri dacva, ris uzrunvelsayofadac evrokavSiri farTod iyenebs arasatarifobarierebs, kerZod ki e.w. “evrostandartebs” rogorc samrewvelo, aseve sasursaTo produqciisaTvis. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis, qvemoTmogvyavs evrokavSiris zogierTi moTxovna janmrTelobisusafrTxoebis sferoSi. amasTan, rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, evrokavSiris arasatarifo barierebi da maT Soris, evrokavSiriskanonmdeblobis es nawili sistematiurad ganaxlebis procesSia.

gadamuSavebuli produqciis markireba niSniT “CE” mesame qvey-nebidan evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportirebisaTvis dawesebuli moTxovnaa, romelic gansazRvravs, rom evrokavSiris bazarze Se-

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mesame qveynebidan importirebuli produqciisaTvis evrokavSi-risa da misi wevri qveynebis mier dawesebul moTxovnebze saubri-sas kidev erTxel unda aRiniSnos, rom evrokavSiris bazris ara-satarifo barierebi evrokavSirisa da misi wevri qveynebis kanon-mdeblobaTa rTul sinTezs warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, produqciis saxeobidan gamomdinare, misi evrokavSiris bazarze Setana SesaZ-loa eqvemdebarebodes mxolod evrokavSiris, an rogorc arcTuiSviaTad xdeba, evrokavSirisa da misi calkeuli wevri qveynis savaWro kanonmdeblobas. aRniSnulis TvalsaCino magaliTs war-moadgens mineraluri da sasmeli wyali. wyali produqciis is iSviaTi saxeobaa, romlis evrokavSiris qveynebSi importi ZiriTa-dad am qveynebis kanonmdeblobiT regulirdeba. miuxedavad amisa, evrokavSirSi importirebulma mineralurma da sasmelma wyalma mainc unda daakmayofilos evrokavSiris mier dawesebuli sasur-saTo usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebi.

mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze eqsports evrokavSirissami saxis sakanonmdeblo aqti aregulirebs, esenia:

• evroregulaciebi – romelTac pirdapiri moqmedeba aqvT da ar saWiroeben evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis erovnulkanonmdeblobebSi asaxvas.

• evrodireqtivebi - romlebic savaldebuloa evrokavSiris yvelawevri qveynisaTvis da moiTxoven erovnul kanonmdeblobaSiasaxvas. amasTan, evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs eZlevaT saSualeba, erovnuli kanonmdeblobis saSualebiT Tavad gansazRvron am direqtivebiT gaTvaliswinebuli miznebis Sesrulebis gzebi;

• evrokavSiris sabWos gadawyvetilebebi - individualurigadawyvetilebebis miRebis gziT, evrokavSiris institutebseZlevaT berketebi, Sesabamisi zomebi gaataron konkretulipirebis, kompaniebis an wevri qveynis mimarT.

mesame qveynebTan vaWrobisas evrokavSirisaTvis prioritetuliamoqalaqeebis janmrTelobis maqsimaluri dacva, ris uzrunvelsayofadac evrokavSiri farTod iyenebs arasatarifobarierebs, kerZod ki e.w. “evrostandartebs” rogorc samrewvelo, aseve sasursaTo produqciisaTvis. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis, qvemoTmogvyavs evrokavSiris zogierTi moTxovna janmrTelobisusafrTxoebis sferoSi. amasTan, rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, evrokavSiris arasatarifo barierebi da maT Soris, evrokavSiriskanonmdeblobis es nawili sistematiurad ganaxlebis procesSia.

gadamuSavebuli produqciis markireba niSniT “CE” mesame qvey-nebidan evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportirebisaTvis dawesebuli moTxovnaa, romelic gansazRvravs, rom evrokavSiris bazarze Se-

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motanili produqcia usafrTxoa momxmareblis janmrTelobisaT-vis. “CE” markirebis moTxovna savaldebuloa gadamamuSavebuli mrewvelobis produqciis farTo CamonaTvalisaTvis. arsebobs produqciis sami jgufi, romelsac aucileblad unda gaaCndes “CE” markireba, esenia:

1. yvela axali produqcia, warmoebuli rogorc evrokavSiriswevr, aseve sxva qveynebSi;

2. evrokavSirSi mesame qveynebidan importirebuli gamoyenebulida meoradi moxmarebis produqcia;

3. arsebiTad modificirebuli produqcia, romelzec axali produqtebis msgavsad, Sesabamisi evrodireqtivebi vrceldeba.

“CE” markireba ar gamoiyeneba magaliTad avejis, tyavisa da zogierT safeiqro nawarmze. “CE” markirebis gamoyeneba SeuZlia rogorc evrokavSiris, ise mis arawevr qveyanas, Tu am ukanasknelis “Sesabamisobis Sefasebis sistema” Sesabamisi evrodireqtivebis moTxovnebs akmayofilebs. “CE” markireba unda gakeTdes uSualodproduqtze, mkafiod da advilad SesamCnev adgilas da iolad ar unda ziandebodes. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu markirebis gakeTeba uSua-lod produqtze SeuZlebelia, unda moxdes SefuTvis markireba.

produqciis ZiriTadi CamonaTvali, romelsac aucileblad undagaaCndes “CE” markireba, Semdegia:

• samSeneblo masalebi;• mgzavrTa gadayvanisaTvis gankuTvnili sabagiroebi;• saqvabeebi;• eleqtromacivrebi, sayinuleebi da sxva msgavsi

danadgarebi;• samedicino xelsawyoebi;• wnevis rezervuarebi;• feTqebadi airebis Sesanaxi aRWurviloba;• feTqebadi masalebi samoqalaqo miznebisaTvis;• eleqtroliftebi;• bunebrivi airis teqnikuri aRWurviloba;• eleqtroaRWurviloba;• manqana-danadgarebi;• araavtomaturi asawoni mowyobilobebi;• piradi usafrTxoebis aRWurviloba;• radio da satelekomunikacio mowyobilobebi;• saTamaSoebi;• sazRvao mowyobilobebi;

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• SesafuTi masalebi;• Cqarosnuli sarkinigzo sistemebi da a.S.

evrokavSirSi sursaTisa da sakvebis usafrTxoebis sakiTxebs awesrigebs 2002 wlis No178/2002 reglamenti,3 romelic sursaTis Sesaxeb evrokavSiris kanonis saxeliTaa cnobili. am kanonis Zi-riTadi mizania, uzrunvelyos adamianTa janmrTelobis da momxma-rebelTa uflebebis dacva, aseve, gaiTvaliswinos garemos dacviTi sakiTxebi. am miznis misaRwevad, sursaTis Sesaxeb kanoni efuZneba im riskebis detalur analizs, romelsac evrokavSiris bazarzeimportirebuli konkretuli produqcia Seicavs. aseve, zedamxed-velobis im princips, romelic evrokavSirSi sasursaTo produ-qciis importis yvela stadiaze (miwodeba, damuSaveba, warmo-eba, ganawileba da a.S) aucilebeli kontrolis ganxorcielebas gu-lisxmobs. am kuTxiT sursaTis Sesaxeb kanons, bunebrivia, mesa-me qveynebis eqsportiorebisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba.

evrokavSirSi warmatebiT funqcionirebs sursaTis uvneblobis specialuri kontrolis sistema - ,,safrTxis analizi da kri-tikuli kontrolis punqtebi~ (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points- HACCP). es aris prevenciuli sistema, romelic sursaTis warmoe-bisa da realizaciis yvela etapze riskebis identificirebas da maT aRmofxvras emsaxureba. Aam sistemiT xdeba rogorc evrokav-SirSi warmoebuli sursaTis, ise evrokavSiris bazarze sasursaToproduqciis importis procesis kontroli.

kontrolis am sistemis (HACCP) muSaobis ZiriTadi principebia:

• safrTxis analizi, romlis drosac ganisazRvreba produq-ciis warmoebisa da realizaciis ciklis dros warmoSobiliyvela SesaZlo safrTxe;

• produqciis warmoebisa da realizaciis kritikulisakontrolo punqtebis, anu im punqtebis dadgena, romlebSicproduqciis warmoebisa da realizaciis procesSi arsebulipotenciuri safrTxeebis kontroli da Tavidan acileba unda ganxorcieldes;

• profilaqtikuri zomebis gatareba, TiToeuli sakontrolopunqtisaTvis kritikuli zRvrebis gansazRvris mizniT;

• Sesabamisi procedurebis daweseba, raTa moxdes TviTkritikuli sakontrolo punqtebis kontroli da ganisazRvros is nabijebi, romlebic unda gadaidgas Tu

3 ixileT evrokavSiri-saqarTvelos biznes sabWos veb-gverdi: www.eugbc.net – Legislation, EU Regulations

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• SesafuTi masalebi;• Cqarosnuli sarkinigzo sistemebi da a.S.

evrokavSirSi sursaTisa da sakvebis usafrTxoebis sakiTxebs awesrigebs 2002 wlis No178/2002 reglamenti,3 romelic sursaTis Sesaxeb evrokavSiris kanonis saxeliTaa cnobili. am kanonis Zi-riTadi mizania, uzrunvelyos adamianTa janmrTelobis da momxma-rebelTa uflebebis dacva, aseve, gaiTvaliswinos garemos dacviTi sakiTxebi. am miznis misaRwevad, sursaTis Sesaxeb kanoni efuZneba im riskebis detalur analizs, romelsac evrokavSiris bazarzeimportirebuli konkretuli produqcia Seicavs. aseve, zedamxed-velobis im princips, romelic evrokavSirSi sasursaTo produ-qciis importis yvela stadiaze (miwodeba, damuSaveba, warmo-eba, ganawileba da a.S) aucilebeli kontrolis ganxorcielebas gu-lisxmobs. am kuTxiT sursaTis Sesaxeb kanons, bunebrivia, mesa-me qveynebis eqsportiorebisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba.

evrokavSirSi warmatebiT funqcionirebs sursaTis uvneblobis specialuri kontrolis sistema - ,,safrTxis analizi da kri-tikuli kontrolis punqtebi~ (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points- HACCP). es aris prevenciuli sistema, romelic sursaTis warmoe-bisa da realizaciis yvela etapze riskebis identificirebas da maT aRmofxvras emsaxureba. Aam sistemiT xdeba rogorc evrokav-SirSi warmoebuli sursaTis, ise evrokavSiris bazarze sasursaToproduqciis importis procesis kontroli.

kontrolis am sistemis (HACCP) muSaobis ZiriTadi principebia:

• safrTxis analizi, romlis drosac ganisazRvreba produq-ciis warmoebisa da realizaciis ciklis dros warmoSobiliyvela SesaZlo safrTxe;

• produqciis warmoebisa da realizaciis kritikulisakontrolo punqtebis, anu im punqtebis dadgena, romlebSicproduqciis warmoebisa da realizaciis procesSi arsebulipotenciuri safrTxeebis kontroli da Tavidan acileba unda ganxorcieldes;

• profilaqtikuri zomebis gatareba, TiToeuli sakontrolopunqtisaTvis kritikuli zRvrebis gansazRvris mizniT;

• Sesabamisi procedurebis daweseba, raTa moxdes TviTkritikuli sakontrolo punqtebis kontroli da ganisazRvros is nabijebi, romlebic unda gadaidgas Tu


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kritikuli zRvrebis dacva ar moxerxda;• Semowmebis procedurebis Camoyalibeba, damatebiTi

testirebebisa da procedurebis CaTvliT, raTa Semowmdes HACCP sistemis efeqturoba;

• yvela Sesabamisi procedurisa da testis Sedegebis dokumentalurad gaformeba.

zemoxsenebuli HACCP sistemis funqcionireba mWidro kavSir-Sia evrokavSiris zogierTi arasatarifo barieris SemoRebasTan. magaliTad, Tevzis nawarmis evrokavSirSi eqsportirebis msur-velebi valdebulni arian Seasrulon evrodireqtiva 91/492/EEC4

da evrodireqtiva 91/493/EEC5, raTa Tevzis nawarmis evrokavSi-ris bazarze eqsportis ufleba miiRon. aRniSnuli direqtivebi eqsportiori qveynebis mier HACCP sistemis danergvis moTxo-vnas Seicaven. Sesabamisad, evrokomisiis mier nebadarTuli makon-trolebeli organo Tevzis nawarmis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmosinspeqtirebas axdens. sawarmos Setana im kompaniebis nusxaSi, romlebsac TavianTi produqciis evrokavSiris bazarze eqspor-tirebis ufleba gaaCniaT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi xdeba, Tu kom-paniis inspeqtirebis Sedegebi dadebiTia.

evrokavSiris etiketirebasTan dakavSirebuli kanonmdebloba avaldebulebs adgilobriv mwarmoeblebs da importiorebs, mka-crad daicvan xsenebuli kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesebi da moTxovnebi, kerZod, sasursaTo produqtebis etiketebze aucile-blad unda iyos miTiTebuli Semdegi informacia:

• saxelwodeba, romliTac iyideba produqti;• produqciis mwarmoeblis, damfasoebelis, an evrokavSiris

bazarze distributoris saxeli da misamarTi;• produqciis adgilwarmoSobis qveyana da warmoebis adgili,

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu produqtis dasaxelebam momxmarebeliSecdomaSi SeiZleba Seiyvanos;

• produqciis vargisianobis vada sityvebiT: “vargisia (TariRi)-mde” an ”vargisia (TariRi)-is bolomde”;

• produqciis Senaxvis specifiuri moTxovnebi an moxmarebis/gamoyenebis wesebi;

• produqciis moxmarebis instruqcia;• produqciis Semadgeneli komponentebis CamonaTvali (gansa-

4 ixileT evrokavSiri-saqarTvelos biznes sabWos veb-gverdi: www.eugbc.net – Legislation, EU Regulations5 ixileT evrokavSiri-saqarTvelos biznes sabWos veb-gverdi: www.eugbc.net – Legislation, EU Regulations

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kuTrebuli gamonaklisebi Seexeba wylis danamats koncent-ratebidan damzadebul produqtSi da yvels);

• zogierT komponentebTan dakavSirebiT moiTxoveba gan-sazRvruli niSani etiketze (magaliTad, genetikurad modi-ficirebuli organizmebi, SesafuTi airebi, gamatkbovanebe-li nivTierebebi, aspartamebi, qinini da kofeini);

• sxva komponentebi SeiZleba ganisazRvros produqciis ka-tegoriis saxeliT (cximebi, cilebi, zeTebi, Tevzeuli, yveli, sunelebi, mcenareuloba, Saqari, glukoza, deqstroza, sirofi, rZis cilebi, kakaos karaqi, bostneuli da Rvino);

• produqciis komponentebis kategoria an komponentebisraodenoba;

• produqciis dafasoebamde produqciis raodenoba, gamoxatu-li metrul erTeulebSi (litri, mililitri, kilogrami an grami);

• alkoholis procentuli Semcveloba sasmelebSi, romlebicaWarbeben alkoholis Semcvelobis 1,2%-an zRvars;

• produqciis mwarmoeblis, damfasoeblis da/an evrokavSirisbazarze pirveli distributoris mier gansazRvruli markireba, romlis mixedviTac xdeba saqonlis identificireba.

sursaTisaTvis (maT Soris gayinulisaTvis) damatebiT aucilebe-lia Semdegi informaciis miTiTeba:

• miTiTeba ~swrafad-gayinuli~ da ~galRobis Semdeg xelaxali gayinva dauSvebelia~;

• vargisianobis minimaluri vada;• Senaxvis maqsimaluri vada;• Senaxvis temperatura an Sesanaxi mowyobiloba;

zemoaRniSnulis garda, evrokavSiris sasursaTo produqtebis bazarze eqsportirebisaTvis dawesebulia sxva moTxovnebi, mag-aliTad sasursaTo produqtebSi pesticidebis dasaSveb maqsim-alur zRvarTan, mZime liTonebis Semcvelobis dasaSveb maqsim-alur zRvarTan, mikrobiologiuri da radioaqtiuri elementebis donesTan da a.S. dakavSirebiT. amasTan, evrokavSiris aucilebeli sakanonmdeblo moTxovnebis garda arsebobs evrokavSiris Sida bazris nebayoflobiTi moTxovnebic, magaliTad, organuli anusoflis meurneobis naturaluri produqtebis mimarT. Tumca, am ukanasknel moTxovnebs ufro marketinguli datvirTva aqvT da maTi dakmayofileba ama Tu im produqtis maRali xarisxis demon-strirebis mizniT xorcieldeba.

evrokavSiris bazarze sasursaTo produqciis usafrTxoebisa da

11


kuTrebuli gamonaklisebi Seexeba wylis danamats koncent-ratebidan damzadebul produqtSi da yvels);

• zogierT komponentebTan dakavSirebiT moiTxoveba gan-sazRvruli niSani etiketze (magaliTad, genetikurad modi-ficirebuli organizmebi, SesafuTi airebi, gamatkbovanebe-li nivTierebebi, aspartamebi, qinini da kofeini);

• sxva komponentebi SeiZleba ganisazRvros produqciis ka-tegoriis saxeliT (cximebi, cilebi, zeTebi, Tevzeuli, yveli, sunelebi, mcenareuloba, Saqari, glukoza, deqstroza, sirofi, rZis cilebi, kakaos karaqi, bostneuli da Rvino);

• produqciis komponentebis kategoria an komponentebisraodenoba;

• produqciis dafasoebamde produqciis raodenoba, gamoxatu-li metrul erTeulebSi (litri, mililitri, kilogrami an grami);

• alkoholis procentuli Semcveloba sasmelebSi, romlebicaWarbeben alkoholis Semcvelobis 1,2%-an zRvars;

• produqciis mwarmoeblis, damfasoeblis da/an evrokavSirisbazarze pirveli distributoris mier gansazRvruli markireba, romlis mixedviTac xdeba saqonlis identificireba.

sursaTisaTvis (maT Soris gayinulisaTvis) damatebiT aucilebe-lia Semdegi informaciis miTiTeba:

• miTiTeba ~swrafad-gayinuli~ da ~galRobis Semdeg xelaxali gayinva dauSvebelia~;

• vargisianobis minimaluri vada;• Senaxvis maqsimaluri vada;• Senaxvis temperatura an Sesanaxi mowyobiloba;

zemoaRniSnulis garda, evrokavSiris sasursaTo produqtebis bazarze eqsportirebisaTvis dawesebulia sxva moTxovnebi, mag-aliTad sasursaTo produqtebSi pesticidebis dasaSveb maqsim-alur zRvarTan, mZime liTonebis Semcvelobis dasaSveb maqsim-alur zRvarTan, mikrobiologiuri da radioaqtiuri elementebis donesTan da a.S. dakavSirebiT. amasTan, evrokavSiris aucilebeli sakanonmdeblo moTxovnebis garda arsebobs evrokavSiris Sida bazris nebayoflobiTi moTxovnebic, magaliTad, organuli anusoflis meurneobis naturaluri produqtebis mimarT. Tumca, am ukanasknel moTxovnebs ufro marketinguli datvirTva aqvT da maTi dakmayofileba ama Tu im produqtis maRali xarisxis demon-strirebis mizniT xorcieldeba.

evrokavSiris bazarze sasursaTo produqciis usafrTxoebisa da

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garemosdacviTi sakiTxebisadmi yuradRebis zrdam mniSvnelovanibiZgi misca evrokavSirSi organuli, anu naturaluri sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis warmoebis ganviTarebas. am saxeobisproduqciis eqsportirebasTan dakavSirebiT gaTvaliswinebuliunda iyos is garemoeba, rom mesame qveynis organuli produqciamxolod evrokavSiris Sesabamisi proceduris gavlis Semdeg SeiZleba iqnas aRiarebuli organul, anu naturalur produqtad.xsenebuli procedura mesame qveyanaSi organuli, anu naturaluriproduqtis warmoebis wesebis evropul wesebTan Sesabamisobasadgens. Sesabamisad, organuli, anu naturaluri sasursaToproduqtebisaTvis evrokavSirs SemoRebuli aqvs specialuri logo, romelic miuTiTebs, rom am produqtebma gaiares evrokavSirisSesabamisi Semowmebis sqema.

evrokavSiris erTiani bazris Seqmna, misi ganviTareba da

funqcionirebis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi

evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis mier erTiani bazris Seqmna evro-puli integraciis procesis erT-erT mTavar miRwevadaa miCneuli. yovelive es evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs Soris vaWrobisa da Tavi-sufali konkurenciis xelisSemSleli barierebis TandaTanobiTi gauqmebis gziT ganxorcielda. unda aRiniSnos, rom evrokavSiris erTiani bazari jer kidev ar Camoyalibebula erTian ekonomikursivrced Tundac im mizeziT, rom ekonomikis zogierTi seqtori, magaliTad, sagadasaxado da socialuri dacvis sistemebi kvlavac evrokavSiris wevr qveyanaTa erovnuli kanonmdeblobebiT regu-lirdeba.

sasargeblod migvaCnia evrokavSiris erTiani bazris SeqmniszogierTi istoriuli momentis aRniSvna, vinaidan evrokavSiriserTiani bazris ganviTarebis tendenciebi swored istoriulimovlenebiTaa nakarnaxevi.

1957 wels evrokavSiris wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris dadebulmaevropis ekonomikuri Tanamegobrobis Seqmnis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebam SesaZlebeli gaxada am Tanamegobrobis farglebSi sabaJobarierebis gauqmeba da ekonomikuri Tanamegobrobis farglebs garedan Semotanili produqciisaTvis erTiani sabaJo tarifis SemoReba. xsenebuli SeTanxmebiT gansazRvruli amocanebissrulad Sesruleba mxolod 1968 wels, anu TerTmeti wlis Semdeg moxerxda.

miuxedavad miRweulisa, produqciis warmoebis gansxvavebuli te-qnikuri normebi, janmrTelobis dacvisa da sasursaTo produqciis

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usafrTxoebis SeuTavsebeli standartebi, garkveuli saxis pro-fesiul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT evrokavSiris wevr qveyanaTaerovnul kanonmdeblobebs Soris gansxvavebebi, adamianTa, produq-ciisa da kapitalis Tavisufal moZraobasTan dakavSirebuli Sez-Rudvebi, evrokavSiris erTiani bazris mier Seqmnili SesaZleblo-bebis srulad gamoyenebis saSualebas ar iZleoda.

Sesabamisad, Seqmnilma mdgomareobam Tavad ukarnaxa evroka-vSiris xelisufalT, Tu ra mimarTulebiT unda gadadgmuliyoSemdgomi nabiji. Sesabamisad, 1985 wels evrokomisiam SeimuSa-va winadadeba, romlis mixedviTac momavali Svidi wlis ganmav-lobaSi evropis ekonomikur TanamegobrobaSi unda gauqmebuliyoyvela teqnikuri da sagadasaxado barieri, romelic adamianTa da saqonlis Tavisufal gadadgilebas ukavSirdeboda. xsenebuli nabijis mizani gaxldaT sawarmoo da komerciuli saqmianobis stimulireba. evrokomisiis iniciativis ganxorcielebis mTavar instrumentad iqca e.w. erTiani evropuli aqti, romlis xelmow-eriTac evrokavSiris wevrma saxelmwifoebma mniSvnelovnad gaz-ardes evropis ekonomikuri Tanamegobrobis kompetenciebi da specialuri sakanonmdeblo programis ganxorcielebis gziT, ev-ropis erTiani bazrisaTvis asobiT saerTo evropuli direqtivada regulacia SeimuSaves.

sainteresoa, Tu rogor SeiZleba davaxasiaToT evrokavSiriserTiani bazari dRes. pirvel rigSi unda aRvniSnoT, rom am bazrisfarglebSi yvela saxis sabaJo-sasazRvro kontroli rogorcproduqciaze, ise adamianTa gadaadgilebaze gauqmebulia. 1985 wels dadebuli e.w. Sengenis SeTanxmeba aregulirebs evrokavSiriswevr qveynebs Soris adamianTa gadaadgilebasTan dakavSirebulsapolicio da saemigracio TanamSromlobas. Sesabamisad, SesaZlebeli gaxda evrokavSiris Sida sakontrolo-gamSvebi punqtebis sruladgauqmeba. produqciis didi umravlesobisaTvis evrokavSiris wevrmaqveynebma SemoiRes erovnul kanonmdeblobaTa e.w. urTierTcnobisprincipi, romlis mixedviTac nebismieri produqciisaTvis, romeliclegalurad aris warmoebuli evrokavSiris sivrceSi da gayidvaSiaevrokavSiris wevr erT-erT qveyanaSi, evrokavSiris wevri yveladanarCeni qveynis bazrebic Riaa.

erovnul kanonmdeblobaTa urTierTcnobis Sesaxeb analogi-uri SeTanxmebis safuZvelze liberalizirebulia evrokavSiris momsaxurebis seqtoric. Sedegad, evrokavSiris nebismieri wevri qveynis moqalaqisaTvis evrokavSiris sxva wevr qveyanaSi saqmi-anobisas, moxsnilia adgilsamyofeli qveynis moqalaqeTaTvis up-iratesobis mimniWebeli SezRudvebi iseT profesiul seqtoreb-Si, rogorebicaa iurisprudencia, medicina, turizmi, sabanko da sadazRvevo sfero. qmediTi nabijebi iqna gadadgmuli dasaqmebis

13


usafrTxoebis SeuTavsebeli standartebi, garkveuli saxis pro-fesiul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT evrokavSiris wevr qveyanaTaerovnul kanonmdeblobebs Soris gansxvavebebi, adamianTa, produq-ciisa da kapitalis Tavisufal moZraobasTan dakavSirebuli Sez-Rudvebi, evrokavSiris erTiani bazris mier Seqmnili SesaZleblo-bebis srulad gamoyenebis saSualebas ar iZleoda.

Sesabamisad, Seqmnilma mdgomareobam Tavad ukarnaxa evroka-vSiris xelisufalT, Tu ra mimarTulebiT unda gadadgmuliyoSemdgomi nabiji. Sesabamisad, 1985 wels evrokomisiam SeimuSa-va winadadeba, romlis mixedviTac momavali Svidi wlis ganmav-lobaSi evropis ekonomikur TanamegobrobaSi unda gauqmebuliyoyvela teqnikuri da sagadasaxado barieri, romelic adamianTa da saqonlis Tavisufal gadadgilebas ukavSirdeboda. xsenebuli nabijis mizani gaxldaT sawarmoo da komerciuli saqmianobis stimulireba. evrokomisiis iniciativis ganxorcielebis mTavar instrumentad iqca e.w. erTiani evropuli aqti, romlis xelmow-eriTac evrokavSiris wevrma saxelmwifoebma mniSvnelovnad gaz-ardes evropis ekonomikuri Tanamegobrobis kompetenciebi da specialuri sakanonmdeblo programis ganxorcielebis gziT, ev-ropis erTiani bazrisaTvis asobiT saerTo evropuli direqtivada regulacia SeimuSaves.

sainteresoa, Tu rogor SeiZleba davaxasiaToT evrokavSiriserTiani bazari dRes. pirvel rigSi unda aRvniSnoT, rom am bazrisfarglebSi yvela saxis sabaJo-sasazRvro kontroli rogorcproduqciaze, ise adamianTa gadaadgilebaze gauqmebulia. 1985 wels dadebuli e.w. Sengenis SeTanxmeba aregulirebs evrokavSiriswevr qveynebs Soris adamianTa gadaadgilebasTan dakavSirebulsapolicio da saemigracio TanamSromlobas. Sesabamisad, SesaZlebeli gaxda evrokavSiris Sida sakontrolo-gamSvebi punqtebis sruladgauqmeba. produqciis didi umravlesobisaTvis evrokavSiris wevrmaqveynebma SemoiRes erovnul kanonmdeblobaTa e.w. urTierTcnobisprincipi, romlis mixedviTac nebismieri produqciisaTvis, romeliclegalurad aris warmoebuli evrokavSiris sivrceSi da gayidvaSiaevrokavSiris wevr erT-erT qveyanaSi, evrokavSiris wevri yveladanarCeni qveynis bazrebic Riaa.

erovnul kanonmdeblobaTa urTierTcnobis Sesaxeb analogi-uri SeTanxmebis safuZvelze liberalizirebulia evrokavSiris momsaxurebis seqtoric. Sedegad, evrokavSiris nebismieri wevri qveynis moqalaqisaTvis evrokavSiris sxva wevr qveyanaSi saqmi-anobisas, moxsnilia adgilsamyofeli qveynis moqalaqeTaTvis up-iratesobis mimniWebeli SezRudvebi iseT profesiul seqtoreb-Si, rogorebicaa iurisprudencia, medicina, turizmi, sabanko da sadazRvevo sfero. qmediTi nabijebi iqna gadadgmuli dasaqmebis

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sferos gansamtkiceblad da dResdReobiT, evrokavSiris wevrerT qveyanaSi gacemuli diplomi an kvalifikaciis damadasture-beli sxva dokumenti savaldebulo wesiT gaxlavT aRiarebuli evrokavSiris wevr yvela danarCen saxelmwifoSi. mniSvnelova-nia, rom Semcirebul iqna sagadasaxado barierebi evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadis nawilo-brivi harmonizaciis gziTac. amasTan, 2005 wels ZalaSi Sevida evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs Soris adre miRweuli SeTanxmeba investiciebis dabegvris saerTo wesis SemoRebis Sesaxeb. sa-gulisxmoa, rom momsaxurebis da miwodebis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobisaTvis, magaliTad iseT sferoebSi, ro-goricaa energetika da telekomunikaciebi, saerTo evropuli di-reqtivebisa da ganawesebis SemuSavebis Sedegad, evrokavSiris nebismieri wevri qveynis, an regionaluri, Tu adgilobrivi orga-nos mier gamocxadebuli tenderi Ria da xelmisawvdomia evroka-vSiris wevri nebismieri qveynis nebimieri organizaciisaTvis.

2005 welsve dasrulda evrokavSiris gegma, romelic safinan-so momsaxurebis integrirebuli bazris Camoyalibebas iTval-iswinebda. am gziT evrokavSiris bazarze sakredito ganakveTebma sesxis amRebTa sasargeblod mniSvnelovnad iklo, xolo evro-kavSiris moqalaqeebs sainvesticio Tu sapensio momsaxurebis produqtebis arCevani gaezardaT. aranakleb mniSvnelovania, romevrokavSiris wevri qveynebis bankebs Soris fuladi gadaricx-vebis sakomisio gadasaxadi aseve sagrZnoblad Semcirda.

konkurenciis wesebis harmonizeba kidev erTi mniSvnelovani nabiji gaxldaT, romelic evrokavSiris wevrma qveynebma erTiani bazris ganmtkicebis mimarTulebiT gadadges. maT urTierTSesabam-isobaSi moiyvanes bazarze SeRwevasTan, muSaxelis kvalifikacia-sTan, biznesis Seqmnisa da momsaxurebis gawevis Tavisuflebas-Tan da sxva seqtorebTan dakavSirebuli normebi. zemoaRniSnulma RonisZiebebma gansakuTrebiT sasurveli Sedegebi iqonia rogorc saxmeleTo, ise sahaero da sazRvao transportis evropuli ba-zris axali tempebiT ganviTarebaze. evrokavSiris konkurenciis politika biznesebs Soris SeTanxmebebis dadebis, centraluri Tuadgilobrivi da regionaluri xelisuflebis mier daxmarebis aR-moCenis gziT bazarze zemoqmedebis, monopoliebis Camoyalibebis da sxva msgavsi procesebis mkacr monitorings iTvaliswinebs. magaliTad, saerTo evropuli kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul Sem-TxvevebSi, evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis kompaniebma Setyobineba unda gaugzavnon evrokomisias maT Soris SeTanxmebis dadebamde, magaliTad kompaniebis Serwymis SemTxvevebSi. sakiTxis saTanadodSeswavlis Semdeg evrokomisia “mwvane Suqs” aZlevs kompaniebs komerciuli garigebis gaformebaze, an ukrZalavs maT aseTi ga-

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rigebis gaformebas. Sesabamisi Setyobinebis gaugzavnelobis Sem-TxvevebSi, evropul kompaniebs evrokomisiis mxridan mkacri ja-rimebi emuqrebaT.

evrokavSiris erTiani bazris regulirebis Semadgeneli nawilia evrokavSiris momxmarebelTa dacvis politika. is evrokavSiris moqalaqeTa uflebebisa da usafrTxoebis dacvas uzrunvelyofs.

evrokavSiris mesame qveynebTan vaWrobaSi satarifo barierebis TandaTanobiTi Semcirebis paralelurad, Tavad evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi iqmneboda sxvadasxva saxis arasatarifo, ZiriTa-dad produqciis SefuTvasTan, markirebasTan dakavSirebuli da sxva analogiuri saxis teqnikuri barierebi. miuxedavad imisa, romzemoxsenebuli barierebi momxmarebelTa janmrTelobis dacva-sa da maT usafrTxoebas emsaxureba, evrokavSiris instituteb-Si kargad esmiT, rom isini zogjer arasamarTlianad gamoiyeneba mesame qveynidan Semotanili produqciisagan evrokavSiris erTi calkeuli wevri qveynis bazris “dasacavad”. evrokavSiris er-Tiani harmonizirebuli bazris Semdgom ganviTarebas da ganmt-kicebas, bunebrivia, udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze importisaTvis xelsayreli pirobebis Seqm-nis TvalsazrisiTac.

evrokavSiris mier ganviTarebadi qveynebis mimarT ormxriv da mravalmxriv formatebSi

warmoebuli savaWro politika

ganviTarebadi qveynebis ekonomikaTa stimulireba evrokav-Siris savaWro politikis mniSvnelovani prioritetia. Sesabam-isad, evrokavSiris savaWro politikis erT-erT mTavar mizans ganviTarebadi qveynebis saerTaSoriso savaWro sistemaSi integ-rirebis xelSewyoba warmoadgens. swored esaa mesame qveynebTan evrokavSiris savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebis safuZveli. evrokavSiri mudmivad cdilobs, rom vaWrobis globaluri siste-mis ganviTarebis dadebiTi SedegebiT ganviTarebadma qveynebmac isargeblon. am konteqstSi, ganviTarebad qveynebTan vaWrobaSi satarifo da arasatarifo barierebis Semcireba evrokavSiri-saTvis, bunebrivia, mniSvnelovan sakiTxs warmoadgens. Sesabam-isad, evrokavSirma mtkiced dauWira mxari vaWrobis msoflioorganizaciis gadawyvetilebas, rom ganviTarebadi qveynebis msoflios savaWro sistemaSi integrirebis xelSewyoba mimdin-are molaparakebebis dRis wesrigis erT-erTi sakvanZo sakiTxi

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rigebis gaformebas. Sesabamisi Setyobinebis gaugzavnelobis Sem-TxvevebSi, evropul kompaniebs evrokomisiis mxridan mkacri ja-rimebi emuqrebaT.

evrokavSiris erTiani bazris regulirebis Semadgeneli nawilia evrokavSiris momxmarebelTa dacvis politika. is evrokavSiris moqalaqeTa uflebebisa da usafrTxoebis dacvas uzrunvelyofs.

evrokavSiris mesame qveynebTan vaWrobaSi satarifo barierebis TandaTanobiTi Semcirebis paralelurad, Tavad evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi iqmneboda sxvadasxva saxis arasatarifo, ZiriTa-dad produqciis SefuTvasTan, markirebasTan dakavSirebuli da sxva analogiuri saxis teqnikuri barierebi. miuxedavad imisa, romzemoxsenebuli barierebi momxmarebelTa janmrTelobis dacva-sa da maT usafrTxoebas emsaxureba, evrokavSiris instituteb-Si kargad esmiT, rom isini zogjer arasamarTlianad gamoiyeneba mesame qveynidan Semotanili produqciisagan evrokavSiris erTi calkeuli wevri qveynis bazris “dasacavad”. evrokavSiris er-Tiani harmonizirebuli bazris Semdgom ganviTarebas da ganmt-kicebas, bunebrivia, udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze importisaTvis xelsayreli pirobebis Seqm-nis TvalsazrisiTac.

evrokavSiris mier ganviTarebadi qveynebis mimarT ormxriv da mravalmxriv formatebSi

warmoebuli savaWro politika

ganviTarebadi qveynebis ekonomikaTa stimulireba evrokav-Siris savaWro politikis mniSvnelovani prioritetia. Sesabam-isad, evrokavSiris savaWro politikis erT-erT mTavar mizans ganviTarebadi qveynebis saerTaSoriso savaWro sistemaSi integ-rirebis xelSewyoba warmoadgens. swored esaa mesame qveynebTan evrokavSiris savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebis safuZveli. evrokavSiri mudmivad cdilobs, rom vaWrobis globaluri siste-mis ganviTarebis dadebiTi SedegebiT ganviTarebadma qveynebmac isargeblon. am konteqstSi, ganviTarebad qveynebTan vaWrobaSi satarifo da arasatarifo barierebis Semcireba evrokavSiri-saTvis, bunebrivia, mniSvnelovan sakiTxs warmoadgens. Sesabam-isad, evrokavSirma mtkiced dauWira mxari vaWrobis msoflioorganizaciis gadawyvetilebas, rom ganviTarebadi qveynebis msoflios savaWro sistemaSi integrirebis xelSewyoba mimdin-are molaparakebebis dRis wesrigis erT-erTi sakvanZo sakiTxi

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gamxdariyo. Sesabamisad, dasabami mieca mravalmxrivi savaWromolaparakebebis axal fazes, romelsac dohas ganviTarebis dRis wevrigi (Doha Development Agenda) ewoda. es iniciativa miznad isax-avs saerTaSoriso vaWrobis xelisSemSleli barierebis Semci-rebas da ganviTarebadi qveynebis daxmarebas msoflio bazarzeSeRwevis meqanizmebis gaumjobesebis gziT, raTa maT msofliosavaWro sistemis liberalizaciis procesis Sedegad gaCenili SesaZleblobebis ukeT gamoyeneba SeZlon.

zemoxsenebuli amocanis Sesrulebis xelSewyobis mizniT, evro-kavSirma vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis farglebSi mimdinare molaparakebebze warmoadgina ramodenime mniSvnelovani iniciati-va, maT Soris, samrewvelo produqciis msoflio bazarze SeRwevisgaiolebis sakiTxi. am kuTxiT, evrokavSiris iniciativa imaSi md-gomareobs, rom samrewvelo produqciaze mniSvnelovnad Semcirdes sabaJo tarifebi. maRalganviTarebul qveynebs ki evrokavSirimouwodebs, rom ganviTarebad qveynebs miscen msoflio bazarzegaiolebuli SeRwevis SesaZlebloba, mniSvnelovnad SemcirebulitarifebiTa da raodenobrivi SezRudvebis gareSe. sayuradReboa, rom evrokavSiris xsenebuli iniciativa exeba samrewvelo da ara sasursaTo produqcias. samrewvelo produqcia ki ar ganekuTvnebawinamdebare broSuris pirvel TavSi naxseneb evrokavSirisaTvise.w. “mgrZnobiare” produqcias.

amave konteqstSi unda ganvixiloT evrokavSiris mier e.w. se-qtoruli iniciativebis mxardaWera, rac ganviTarebadi qveynebiswarmoebis SedarebiT ufro dasaqmebuli saeqsporto sferoebisaT-vis, magaliTad, safeiqro warmoebisaTvis nulovani sabaJo gadasaxa-dis dawesebas gulisxmobs.

evrokavSiris xsenebuli poziciis sasargeblod isic metyve-lebs, rom msoflio ekonomikis ganviTarebis mimdinare etapzeudidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba ganviTarebad qveynebs Soris vaWro-baSi satarifo barierebis Semcirebas. cnobilia, rom xsenebuli tarifebis daaxloebiT 70%-s ganviTarebadi qveynebi sxva gan-viTarebad qveynebs uxdian. bunebrivia, satarifo barierebi gan-viTarebad qveynebs Soris vaWrobis gaRrmavebis xelSemSleli mxolod erT-erTi faqtoria. swored am da sxva faqtorTa gamo, ganviTarebad qveynebs Soris vaWroba maTi mTliani savaWrobrunvis mxolod 10%-s Seadgens, maSin rodesac es maCvenebe-li ganviTarebul qveynebs Soris vaWrobaSi 40%-is farglebSi meryeobs. amdenad, savaraudod, zemoxsenebuli iniciativebis mx-ardaWeriT, evrokavSiri ganviTarebad qveynebs Soris vaWrobis gaRrmavebis stimulirebas cdilobs.

mravalmxriv formatebSi molaparakebebisas, evrokavSiriarasatarifo barierebis Temas mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs,

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kargad esmis ra, Tu raoden mniSvnelovania ganviTarebadiqveynebisaTvis aRniSnuli barierebis daZlevis sakiTxis gadaWra.am kuTxiT, evrokavSiri aSkarad emxroba e.w. horizontalurimeqanizmebis SemuSavebas, anu Tavis bazarze ganviTarebadi qveynebisproduqciisaTvis arasatarifo barierebis calmxrivad Semcirebis nacvlad, aRniSnul sakiTxze vaWrobis msoflio organizaciiswevrebs Soris mravalmxrivi molaparakebebis gziT, evrokavSirierTiani poziciis Camoyalibebas uWers mxars.

miuxedavad zemoTqmulisa, evrokavSiris bazarze sakvebiproduqciis importirebisas, iseTi arasatarifo barierebis SenarCuneba, romlebic janmrTelobis dacvasa da sursaTisuvneblobis standartebis dacvas emsaxureba, evrokavSirssamarTlianad miaCnia. momxmareblis janmrTelobis dacva da misi xarisxiani produqciiT uzrunvelyofa evrokavSiris savaWropolitikis mniSvnelovani Semadgenelia da evrokavSiris farglebSi warmoebis umaRlesi standartebis damkvidrebis xelSemwyobiZiriTadi faqtoria. Sesabamisad, bunebrivia, rom evrokavSiriyovelmxriv cdilobs gadaulaxavi barierebi Seuqmnas mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze uxarisxo da momxmareblisaTvisriskis Semcveli produqciis Semodinebas.

evrokavSirSi kargad esmiT, rom soflis meurneobis produqciismsoflio bazris Semdgomi gafarToebisa da savaWro barierebisagan gaTavisuflebis procesSi ganviTarebadi qveynebisadmigansakuTrebuli midgoma unda SemuSavdes. am kuTxiT, bunebrivia, isic unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli, rom ganviTarebad qveynebssoflis meurneobis ganviTarebis araTanabari potenciali aqvTda am seqtoris Semdgomma liberalizaciam, SesaZloa, zogierTimaTganis wili msoflio bazarze mniSvnelovnad gazardos, xolosxvebs kidev ufro araxelsayreli konkurenciis pirobebi dauwesos.msoflioSi soflis meurneobis seqtoris ganviTarebas udavodSeuwyobs xels dohas ganviTarebis dRis wesrigiT gansazRvruliamocanebis realizacia, romelic miznad isaxavs ganviTarebadiqveynebisaTvis ganviTarebuli qveynebis bazrebze gamartivebuliSeRwevis uzrunelyofas da ganviTarebul qveynebSi saeqsportoda im Sida subsidirebis gauqmebas, rac uaryofiTad moqmedebskonkurentuli garemos Seqmnaze.

vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis mier SemuSavebuli wesebi icaven mis wevr, gansakuTrebiT ganviTarebad qveynebs, vaWrobaSidiskriminaciisagan da amave dros, uzrunvelyofen am qveynebSimimdinare reformebis Seuqcevadobas. 2004 wels vaWrobis msoflioorganizaciis farglebSi dawyebulma savaWro liberalizaciasTandakavSirebiT mimdinare mravalmxrivma molaparakebebma warmoaCinasabaJosa da sazRvris marTvis sakiTxebSi naklebSemosavliani

17


kargad esmis ra, Tu raoden mniSvnelovania ganviTarebadiqveynebisaTvis aRniSnuli barierebis daZlevis sakiTxis gadaWra.am kuTxiT, evrokavSiri aSkarad emxroba e.w. horizontalurimeqanizmebis SemuSavebas, anu Tavis bazarze ganviTarebadi qveynebisproduqciisaTvis arasatarifo barierebis calmxrivad Semcirebis nacvlad, aRniSnul sakiTxze vaWrobis msoflio organizaciiswevrebs Soris mravalmxrivi molaparakebebis gziT, evrokavSirierTiani poziciis Camoyalibebas uWers mxars.

miuxedavad zemoTqmulisa, evrokavSiris bazarze sakvebiproduqciis importirebisas, iseTi arasatarifo barierebis SenarCuneba, romlebic janmrTelobis dacvasa da sursaTisuvneblobis standartebis dacvas emsaxureba, evrokavSirssamarTlianad miaCnia. momxmareblis janmrTelobis dacva da misi xarisxiani produqciiT uzrunvelyofa evrokavSiris savaWropolitikis mniSvnelovani Semadgenelia da evrokavSiris farglebSi warmoebis umaRlesi standartebis damkvidrebis xelSemwyobiZiriTadi faqtoria. Sesabamisad, bunebrivia, rom evrokavSiriyovelmxriv cdilobs gadaulaxavi barierebi Seuqmnas mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze uxarisxo da momxmareblisaTvisriskis Semcveli produqciis Semodinebas.

evrokavSirSi kargad esmiT, rom soflis meurneobis produqciismsoflio bazris Semdgomi gafarToebisa da savaWro barierebisagan gaTavisuflebis procesSi ganviTarebadi qveynebisadmigansakuTrebuli midgoma unda SemuSavdes. am kuTxiT, bunebrivia, isic unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli, rom ganviTarebad qveynebssoflis meurneobis ganviTarebis araTanabari potenciali aqvTda am seqtoris Semdgomma liberalizaciam, SesaZloa, zogierTimaTganis wili msoflio bazarze mniSvnelovnad gazardos, xolosxvebs kidev ufro araxelsayreli konkurenciis pirobebi dauwesos.msoflioSi soflis meurneobis seqtoris ganviTarebas udavodSeuwyobs xels dohas ganviTarebis dRis wesrigiT gansazRvruliamocanebis realizacia, romelic miznad isaxavs ganviTarebadiqveynebisaTvis ganviTarebuli qveynebis bazrebze gamartivebuliSeRwevis uzrunelyofas da ganviTarebul qveynebSi saeqsportoda im Sida subsidirebis gauqmebas, rac uaryofiTad moqmedebskonkurentuli garemos Seqmnaze.

vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis mier SemuSavebuli wesebi icaven mis wevr, gansakuTrebiT ganviTarebad qveynebs, vaWrobaSidiskriminaciisagan da amave dros, uzrunvelyofen am qveynebSimimdinare reformebis Seuqcevadobas. 2004 wels vaWrobis msoflioorganizaciis farglebSi dawyebulma savaWro liberalizaciasTandakavSirebiT mimdinare mravalmxrivma molaparakebebma warmoaCinasabaJosa da sazRvris marTvis sakiTxebSi naklebSemosavliani

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qveynebisaTvis teqnikuri daxmarebis gawevis aucilebloba. am mimarTulebiT evrokavSiri wamyvani donoria. dadgenilia, rommxareebs Soris vaWrobaSi moZvelebul da araefeqtur sabaJo-sasazRvro procedurebTan dakavSirebulma danakargebma, xSir SemTxvevaSi, sruli xarjebis 4-5%-s SeiZleba miaRwios. es maCvenebeli utoldeba ganviTarebuli qveynebis mier samrewveloproduqciaze dawesebul sabaJo gadasaxadis odenobas. amitomac, Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom sabaJo da sasazRvro procedurebigaxdes gamWvirvale, gaTavisufldes zedmeti biurokratiuli barierebisagan, Seiqmnas kontrolis Tanamedrove, ufro efeqturimeqanizmebi, rac mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobesebs biznes garemos da uzrunvelyofs maRal sabaJo Semosavlebs.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, vaWrobis liberalizaciis paraleluradevrokavSiri yovelmxriv uwyobs xels iseTi moqnili meqanizmebisSeqmnas, romlebic ganviTarebad qveynebs saSualebas miscems maqsimalurad isargeblon msoflio ekonomikis ganviTarebisprocesSi Seqmnili SesaZleblobebiT. am konteqstSi, unda aRiniSnos, rom vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis farglebSi miRweuliSeTanxmebebis Tanaxmad, ganviTarebad qveynebs gansakuTrebuliuflebebi eniWebaT da saSualeba eZlevaT isargeblon e.w. “gamonaklisi wesebiT”. ganviTarebadi qveynebis mimarT amgvarimidgomis princips vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis farglebSi ”gansakuTrebuli da gansxvavebuli midgoma” ewodeba. xsenebulisTanaxmad, vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis mier SemoRebulinebismieri axali wesis ganviTarebad qveyanaze gavrcelebisas, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas am qveynis ZiriTadi Taviseburebani.amasTan xsenebul qveynebs eZlevaT meti dro axali wesebis erovnulkanonmdeblobaSi gasaTvaliswineblad da maTi aRsrulebismeqanizmebis dasanergad. evrokavSiris pozicia am sakiTxSi iTvaliswinebs kidev ufro moqnili meqanizmebis Seqmnas, raTa ganviTarebadma qveynebma ufro efeqturad moaxerxon vaWrobismsoflio organizaciis farglebSi SemuSavebul wesebTan adaptacia da Sedegad, globalur ekonomikaSi srulfasovani integrireba.

mniSvnelovania, rom bazarze SeRwevis gaiolebuli wesebi araefeqturi aRmoCndeba, Tu Tavad ganviTarebad qveyanas ar gaaCnia sakmarisi administraciuli da sakanonmdeblo resursi, raTa msoflio savaWro sistemis mier Seqmnili SesaZleblobebiTsaTanadod isargeblos. aseTiYresursis Sesaqmnelad sagareovaWroba qveynis ganviTarebis politikisa da siRaribis daZlevisstrategiis ganuyofel nawilad unda iqces. ganviTarebis procesSivaWrobis sakiTxebis integrireba evrokavSiris ganviTarebispolitikis umTavresi prioritetia. amitom, vaWroba evrokavSirismesame qveynebTan urTierTobebis strategiis Semadgeneli nawilia.

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am konteqstSi, ar aris gasakviri, rom vaWrobasTan dakavSirebulidaxmarebis gawevas evrokavSiri mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs.kerZod, aRsaniSnavia, rom vaWrobis msoflio organizaciisfarglebSi Seqmnili daxmarebis specialuri fondis “Global Trust Fund” dafinansebis 60% evrokavSirze modis.

evrokavSiri aqtiuria aseve ganviTarebad qveynebTan ormxrivisavaWro urTierTobebis gaRrmavebis mimarTulebiT. am kuTxiT, aRsaniSnavia evrokavSiris iniciativa, romelic evropul samezoblopolitikaSi monawile qveynebTan ukrainasTan, moldovasTan, saqarTvelosTan, somxeTTan da azerbaijanTan Tavisufali savaWroreJimis dawesebis SesaZleblobebis Seswavlas iTvaliswinebs.sayuradReboa aseve, rom mimdinare etapze evrokavSiri ekonomikuripartniorobis SeTanxmebebTan dakavSirebiT molaparakebebsawarmoebs afrikis, wynari okeanisa da karibis zRvis qveynebTan.unda aRiniSnos, rom es ar gaxlavT Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb standartuli SeTanxmebebi, vinaidan isini ara arsebul bazrebzeSeRwevis, aramed axali savaWro kavSirebis Seqmnasa da ganviTarebasisaxaven miznad.

ganviTarebad qveynebTan mravalmxrivi da ormxrivi savaWro ur-TierTobebis gafarToebis paralelurad, evrokavSiri intensiu-rad amuSavebs bazarze SeRavaTiani SeRwevis calmxriv sqemebs, e.w. preferenciaTa (SeRavaTebis) ganzogadebuli sistemis (GSP)farglebSi. am gziT evrokavSiri ganviTarebad qveynebs sakuTar bazarze SeRwevis upirates pirobebs nebayoflobiT uqmnis, rac ganviTarebad qveynebs maTi eqsportis xelSewyobaSi exmareba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom GSP evrokavSirma 1971 wels pirvelma SemoiRo.evrokavSirs dReisaTvis msoflios 180-ze meti qveynisaTvis aqvsminiWebuli GSP-iT mosargeble qveynis statusi, rac am qveynebssaSualebas aZlevs evrokavSiris bazarze saqoneli Semcirebulian nulovani tarifiT Seitanon.

2005 wlamde evrokavSiris GSP-s sqema Sedgeboda xuTiqvesqemisagan:

1. zogadi sqema. arsebul satarifo ganakveTs akldeboda 3.5 procenti

2. specialuri sqema Sromis uflebaTa dacvisaTvis. arsebulsatarifo ganakveTs akldeboda 8.5 procenti

3. specialuri sqema garemos dacvisaTvis. arsebul satarifoganakveTs akldeboda 8.5 procenti

4. specialuri sqema narkotikebis da trefikingingis winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis. iTvaliswinebda evrokavSiris bazarze nulovanisabaJo gadasaxadiT SeRwevas.

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am konteqstSi, ar aris gasakviri, rom vaWrobasTan dakavSirebulidaxmarebis gawevas evrokavSiri mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs.kerZod, aRsaniSnavia, rom vaWrobis msoflio organizaciisfarglebSi Seqmnili daxmarebis specialuri fondis “Global Trust Fund” dafinansebis 60% evrokavSirze modis.

evrokavSiri aqtiuria aseve ganviTarebad qveynebTan ormxrivisavaWro urTierTobebis gaRrmavebis mimarTulebiT. am kuTxiT, aRsaniSnavia evrokavSiris iniciativa, romelic evropul samezoblopolitikaSi monawile qveynebTan ukrainasTan, moldovasTan, saqarTvelosTan, somxeTTan da azerbaijanTan Tavisufali savaWroreJimis dawesebis SesaZleblobebis Seswavlas iTvaliswinebs.sayuradReboa aseve, rom mimdinare etapze evrokavSiri ekonomikuripartniorobis SeTanxmebebTan dakavSirebiT molaparakebebsawarmoebs afrikis, wynari okeanisa da karibis zRvis qveynebTan.unda aRiniSnos, rom es ar gaxlavT Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb standartuli SeTanxmebebi, vinaidan isini ara arsebul bazrebzeSeRwevis, aramed axali savaWro kavSirebis Seqmnasa da ganviTarebasisaxaven miznad.

ganviTarebad qveynebTan mravalmxrivi da ormxrivi savaWro ur-TierTobebis gafarToebis paralelurad, evrokavSiri intensiu-rad amuSavebs bazarze SeRavaTiani SeRwevis calmxriv sqemebs, e.w. preferenciaTa (SeRavaTebis) ganzogadebuli sistemis (GSP)farglebSi. am gziT evrokavSiri ganviTarebad qveynebs sakuTar bazarze SeRwevis upirates pirobebs nebayoflobiT uqmnis, rac ganviTarebad qveynebs maTi eqsportis xelSewyobaSi exmareba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom GSP evrokavSirma 1971 wels pirvelma SemoiRo.evrokavSirs dReisaTvis msoflios 180-ze meti qveynisaTvis aqvsminiWebuli GSP-iT mosargeble qveynis statusi, rac am qveynebssaSualebas aZlevs evrokavSiris bazarze saqoneli Semcirebulian nulovani tarifiT Seitanon.

2005 wlamde evrokavSiris GSP-s sqema Sedgeboda xuTiqvesqemisagan:

1. zogadi sqema. arsebul satarifo ganakveTs akldeboda 3.5 procenti

2. specialuri sqema Sromis uflebaTa dacvisaTvis. arsebulsatarifo ganakveTs akldeboda 8.5 procenti

3. specialuri sqema garemos dacvisaTvis. arsebul satarifoganakveTs akldeboda 8.5 procenti

4. specialuri sqema narkotikebis da trefikingingis winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis. iTvaliswinebda evrokavSiris bazarze nulovanisabaJo gadasaxadiT SeRwevas.

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5. specialuri sqema dawesebuli uRaribesi, anu e.w. yvelazenaklebad ganviTarebuli (Least Developed Countries) qveynebisTvis_ “yvelaferi iaraRis garda”. yvela produqti iaraRis da amuniciis garda sargeblobda evrokavSiris bazarzenulovani sabaJo ganakveTiT, aseve maT ar exebodaT aranairi raodenobrivi SezRudvebi.

2005 wlidan evrokavSirma kidev ufro gaaiola sakuTari GSP da Sesabamisi qvesqemebis raodenoba samamde Seamcira:

1. zogadi sqema. 2. specialuri sqema dawesebuli uRaribesi qveynebisTvis –

“yvelaferi iaraRis garda” SenarCunda ucvlelad.3. axali specialuri sqema “GSP +” - masSi gaerTianda specialuri

sqema Sromis uflebaTa dacvisaTvis, specialuri sqemagaremos dacvisaTvis da specialuri sqema narkotikebis da trefikingingis winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis, romlis mimRebi, anubeneficiari, evrokomisiis gadawyvetilebis6 mixedviT, sxva 14 qveyanasTan erTad saqarTveloc aris.

unda aRiniSnos, rom evrokavSiris GSP analogiur savaWro SeRa-vaTebs Soris yvelaze farToa. 2005 wels amoqmedebulma e.w. GSP+-ma 7200 saxeobis produqcia moicva. amasTanave, unda aRiniSnos is garemoeba, rom im saqonlis CamonaTvalidan, romelic evrokavSi-ris zogad sabaJo satarifo ganakveTebSia mocemuli (sul da-axloebiT 11000 saxeoba), 2100-mde saxeobis produqts evrokavSi-ri isedac aniWebs nulovan sabaJo ganakveTs. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu am saqonlis CamonaTvals davumatebT GSP+-is sqemiT moculi saqonlis CamonaTvals, davinaxavT, rom am sqemis mimReb qveyneb-Si warmoebul 9300 dasaxelebis produqts evrokavSiris bazarzedReisaTvis nulovani sabaJo tarifiT SeuZlia SeRweva, rac am qveynebisaTvis sakmaod mniSvnelovani SeRavaTia.

vfiqrobT sainteresoa imis aRniSvnac, rom 2000 wlis 18 seqt-embers dasavleT balkaneTis qveynebze evrokavSirma gaavrcela e.w. ~asimetriuli savaWro preferenciebi~ - calmxrivi savaWroSeRavaTebi, romlis mixedviT, xsenebuli qveynebidan evrokavSir-Si Setanili produqciis TiTqmis yvela saxeoba, calkeuli ga-monaklisebis garda, gaTavisuflda sabaJo gadasaxadebisagan da raodenobrivi SezRudvebisagan. sagulisxmoa, rom xsenebul gamo-naklisTa CamonaTvalSi moxvdnen evrokavSirisaTvis “mgrZnobia-re~ iseTi produqtebi, rogorebicaa Rvino da Tevzis zogierTi nawarmi. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom dasavleT balkaneTis qveyne-


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bisaTvis, produqciis xsenebul saxeobebze evrokavSirma mniSvne-lovnad Semcirebuli sabaJo tarifi daawesa. amdenad, evrokavSi-ris asimetriuli savaWro preferenciebi GSP-ze farTo SeRava-Tebs moicavs. magaliTisaTvis gamodgeba Rvinis nawarmi, romelzec GSP-is savaWro SeRavaTebi ar vrceldeba da masze sabaJo tarifis Semcirebas evrokavSiri dRemde arafriT Tanxmdeba.

mniSvnelovania aseve, rom 2006 wels analogiuri savaWro reJimi, am-jerad ~avtonomiuri savaWro preferenciebis~ saxeliT, evropuli sa-mezoblo politikis farglebSi SemuSavebuli samoqmedo gegmis far-glebSi evrokavSirma SesTavaza moldovas. xazgasasmelia, rom evroka-vSiri-moldovas samezoblo politikis samoqmedo gegma evrokavSiris GSP-iT gaTvaliswinebuli savaWro SeRavaTebis zemoxsenebuli e.w. ~avtonomiuri savaWro preferenciebiT~ TandaTanobiT Canacvlebas iTvaliswinebs.

aqve aucileblad migvaCnia imis xazgasma, rom evrokavSiris GSP, ganviTarebad qveynebs mxolod satarifo SeRavaTebs sTavazobs. arasatarifo barierebTan dakavSirebiT ki evrokavSirs savaWroSeRavaTebi arasodes SeumuSavebia, rac dabali sabaJo ganakveTe-bis pirobebSic ki, ganviTarebad qveynebs evrokavSiris bazarzeSeRwevis gadaulaxav winaaRmdegobebs uqmnis.

saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris vaWrobis amJamad arsebuli sakanonmdeblo baza da

misi gafarToebis mimarTulebiT dagegmili Semdgomi nabijebi

saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris savaWro-ekonomikuri ur-TierTobebis ZiriTad samarTlebriv safuZvels mxareebs Soris 1996 wels gaformebuli da 1999 wels ZalaSi Sesuli ,,partnioro-bisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba~ (Partnership and Coope-ration Agreement - PCA) gansazRvravs. xsenebuli SeTanxmebis gafor-mebiT, romelmac evrogaerTianebebsa da sabWoTa kavSirs Soris 1989 wels xelmowerili ekonomikuri da komerciuli TanamSrom-lobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba Caanacvla, mxareebma aiRes valdebuleba, vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis wesebis da miznebis Sesabami-sad, ganaxorcielon erTmaneTTan vaWrobis liberalizacia. ,,part-niorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis~ xelmoweriT evrokavSirma da saqarTvelom ekonomikuri urTierTobebis gan-saxorcieleblad Tvisobrivad axali, vaWrobaze da investiciebzeorientirebuli garemos Seqmnis valdebuleba aiRes. am xelSekru-

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bisaTvis, produqciis xsenebul saxeobebze evrokavSirma mniSvne-lovnad Semcirebuli sabaJo tarifi daawesa. amdenad, evrokavSi-ris asimetriuli savaWro preferenciebi GSP-ze farTo SeRava-Tebs moicavs. magaliTisaTvis gamodgeba Rvinis nawarmi, romelzec GSP-is savaWro SeRavaTebi ar vrceldeba da masze sabaJo tarifis Semcirebas evrokavSiri dRemde arafriT Tanxmdeba.

mniSvnelovania aseve, rom 2006 wels analogiuri savaWro reJimi, am-jerad ~avtonomiuri savaWro preferenciebis~ saxeliT, evropuli sa-mezoblo politikis farglebSi SemuSavebuli samoqmedo gegmis far-glebSi evrokavSirma SesTavaza moldovas. xazgasasmelia, rom evroka-vSiri-moldovas samezoblo politikis samoqmedo gegma evrokavSiris GSP-iT gaTvaliswinebuli savaWro SeRavaTebis zemoxsenebuli e.w. ~avtonomiuri savaWro preferenciebiT~ TandaTanobiT Canacvlebas iTvaliswinebs.

aqve aucileblad migvaCnia imis xazgasma, rom evrokavSiris GSP, ganviTarebad qveynebs mxolod satarifo SeRavaTebs sTavazobs. arasatarifo barierebTan dakavSirebiT ki evrokavSirs savaWroSeRavaTebi arasodes SeumuSavebia, rac dabali sabaJo ganakveTe-bis pirobebSic ki, ganviTarebad qveynebs evrokavSiris bazarzeSeRwevis gadaulaxav winaaRmdegobebs uqmnis.

saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris vaWrobis amJamad arsebuli sakanonmdeblo baza da

misi gafarToebis mimarTulebiT dagegmili Semdgomi nabijebi

saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris savaWro-ekonomikuri ur-TierTobebis ZiriTad samarTlebriv safuZvels mxareebs Soris 1996 wels gaformebuli da 1999 wels ZalaSi Sesuli ,,partnioro-bisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba~ (Partnership and Coope-ration Agreement - PCA) gansazRvravs. xsenebuli SeTanxmebis gafor-mebiT, romelmac evrogaerTianebebsa da sabWoTa kavSirs Soris 1989 wels xelmowerili ekonomikuri da komerciuli TanamSrom-lobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba Caanacvla, mxareebma aiRes valdebuleba, vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis wesebis da miznebis Sesabami-sad, ganaxorcielon erTmaneTTan vaWrobis liberalizacia. ,,part-niorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis~ xelmoweriT evrokavSirma da saqarTvelom ekonomikuri urTierTobebis gan-saxorcieleblad Tvisobrivad axali, vaWrobaze da investiciebzeorientirebuli garemos Seqmnis valdebuleba aiRes. am xelSekru-

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lebis Tanaxmad, mxareebs Soris axali tipis savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebis Camoyalibebis erT-erTi mTavari mizani saqarTve-los ekonomikuri ganviTarebis xelSewyobaa. SeTanxmebis ganxor-cielebam xeli unda Seuwyos saqarTveloSi mimdinare ekonomikurreformebis Seuqcevadobasa da warmatebas, aseve saqarTvelosekonomikis mdgradi ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofas. saqarTvelossavaWro-ekonomikuri sistemis gardaqmnam, Tavisi mxriv, biZgi unda misces harmoniul socialur ganviTarebas. yovelive es, bunebrivia, saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris urTierTmomgebiani savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebis Camoyalibebis fonze unda mimdina-reobdes. SeTanxmebis xelmoweriT evrokavSirma aiRo valdebule-ba mxardaWera gaewia saqarTvelosaTvis finansuri da teqnikuri daxmarebis gziT, aseve mieca rekomendaciebi ekonomikuri sferosgardaqmnisa da srulyofisaTvis.

zogad debulebaTa gansazRvris garda, evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris ,,partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba~ savaWro-ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis konkretulsferoebsac exeba. kerZod, SeTanxmeba gansazRvravs mxareebis mier konkurenciis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobebis gamoyenebis wess, produqciiTa da momsaxurebiT vaWrobis ZiriTad principebs, mxareebis mier investirebis xelSewyobisa da dacvis pirobebs.xelSekruleba aseve moicavs energetikis sferoSi investiciebismozidvisa da energomatareblebiT vaWrobis sakiTxebs, turizmissferoSi ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebs, inteleqtualuri, samrewvelo da komerciuli sakuTrebis dacvasda sxva mniSvnelovan Temebs.

2004 wlis 14 ivniss saqarTvelos evropul samezoblo politikaSi(European Neighbourhood Policy) CarTvam saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirsSoris arsebuli savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebis ganviTarebasmniSvnelovani biZgi misca.

xsenebuli politika, romelic evrokavSiris gafarToebis bo-lodroindeli, mis istoriaSi yvelaze masStaburi talRis gamo-Zaxils warmoadgens, monawile qveynebs axali saxis, Zalze mWidropolitikur-ekonomikuri urTierTobebis Camoyalibebas sTavazobs.evrokavSiris amocanaa, rom evropul samezoblo politikaSi Car-Tul qveynebs ekonomikur sferoSi TanamSromlobis, kerZod ki evrokavSiris Sida bazarSi CarTvisa da e.w. ,,oTxi Tavisuflebis~– adamianebis, saqonlis, momsaxurebisa da kapitalis Tavisufali gadaadgilebis TandaTanobiT gavrcelebis gziT, ekonomikuri inte-graciis perspeqtiva dausaxos.

mxareTa Soris ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis zemoT xsenebuliperspeqtiva srulad aisaxa evropuli samezoblo politikis far-glebSi 2006 wlis 14 noembers xelmoweril saqarTvelo-evrokav-

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Siris samoqmedo gegmaSi. aRniSnuli samoqmedo gegmiT dasaxulmaRonisZiebebma mniSvnelovnad unda dauaxlovon saqarTvelos ka-nonmdebloba da standartebi evrokavSiris Sesabamis normebs. Aam gziT myari safuZveli Caeyareba saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi ekono-mikur integracias. mxareebma unda gauxsnan erTmaneTs bazrebi da satarifo da arasatarifo barierebis TandaTanobiTi Semcirebis gziT, vaWrobisa da investiciebis stimulireba moaxdinon. aRniS-nuli samoqmedo gegma gulisxmobs evrokavSirisa da saqarTveloserTobliv muSaobas savaWro urTierTobebis gasaRrmaveblad, mxa-reebs Soris Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis gaformebisCaTvliT. amis garda, mxareebma Zalisxmeva unda mimarTon, raTa sa-qarTvelom SeZlos evrokavSiris samrewvelo, sanitaruli da fito-sanitaruli, aseve veterinaruli standartebis dakmayofileba. amiT gaizrdeba evrokavSiris preferenciaTa generalizirebuli siste-mis efeqturoba da xeli Seewyoba saqarTvelos eqsports ara mxo-lod evrokavSiris bazarze, aramed sxva maRalganviTarebul qvey-nebSic. didi mniSvneloba eniWeba im faqts, rom samoqmedo gegmis Sesabamisad, mxareebi CaerTvnen ormxrivi xelSekrulebis Sesaxeb molaparakebebSi, geografiuli aRniSvnebis urTierTaRiarebisa da dacvis mizniT.

amdenad, evropuli samezoblo politikis farglebSi xelmowe-ril saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris samoqmedo gegmas mxareTa SorissavaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebi Tvisobrivad axal doneze ga-dahyavs da Zalze konkretuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis gziT, evrokavSirTan Rrma ekonomikuri integraciis perspeqtivebs xsnis.

rogorc wina TavebSi aRiniSna, evrokavSirTan savaWro-ekono-mikuri urTierTobebis ganviTarebam kidev ufro didi mniSvne-loba SeiZina mas Semdeg, rac ruseTis embargos Sedegad Sefer-xda qarTuli produqciis misTvis tradiciul bazrebze reali-zacia. am TvalsazrisiT, saeqsporto bazrebis diversificireba qveynis xelisuflebis da eqsportiorebis gadaudebel amocanad iqca, ramac, Tavis mxriv, saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris samoqmedo geg-mis ekonomikuri nawilis ganxorcieleba daaCqara. evrokavSirTan savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebis ganviTareba TanamSromlobis erT-erT mTavar prioritetad iqna aRiarebuli da Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis saqmianoba ori ZiriTadi mimarTule-biT warimarTa:

1. evrokavSirTan vaWrobaSi sabaJo-satarifo SeRavaTebisufro efeqturad gamoyeneba da arsebuli tarifebis kidevufro Semcireba;

2. kanonmdeblobis harmonizebis, Sesabamisi administraciulireformebisa da evropuli standartebis danergvis gziT,

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Siris samoqmedo gegmaSi. aRniSnuli samoqmedo gegmiT dasaxulmaRonisZiebebma mniSvnelovnad unda dauaxlovon saqarTvelos ka-nonmdebloba da standartebi evrokavSiris Sesabamis normebs. Aam gziT myari safuZveli Caeyareba saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi ekono-mikur integracias. mxareebma unda gauxsnan erTmaneTs bazrebi da satarifo da arasatarifo barierebis TandaTanobiTi Semcirebis gziT, vaWrobisa da investiciebis stimulireba moaxdinon. aRniS-nuli samoqmedo gegma gulisxmobs evrokavSirisa da saqarTveloserTobliv muSaobas savaWro urTierTobebis gasaRrmaveblad, mxa-reebs Soris Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis gaformebisCaTvliT. amis garda, mxareebma Zalisxmeva unda mimarTon, raTa sa-qarTvelom SeZlos evrokavSiris samrewvelo, sanitaruli da fito-sanitaruli, aseve veterinaruli standartebis dakmayofileba. amiT gaizrdeba evrokavSiris preferenciaTa generalizirebuli siste-mis efeqturoba da xeli Seewyoba saqarTvelos eqsports ara mxo-lod evrokavSiris bazarze, aramed sxva maRalganviTarebul qvey-nebSic. didi mniSvneloba eniWeba im faqts, rom samoqmedo gegmis Sesabamisad, mxareebi CaerTvnen ormxrivi xelSekrulebis Sesaxeb molaparakebebSi, geografiuli aRniSvnebis urTierTaRiarebisa da dacvis mizniT.

amdenad, evropuli samezoblo politikis farglebSi xelmowe-ril saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris samoqmedo gegmas mxareTa SorissavaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebi Tvisobrivad axal doneze ga-dahyavs da Zalze konkretuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis gziT, evrokavSirTan Rrma ekonomikuri integraciis perspeqtivebs xsnis.

rogorc wina TavebSi aRiniSna, evrokavSirTan savaWro-ekono-mikuri urTierTobebis ganviTarebam kidev ufro didi mniSvne-loba SeiZina mas Semdeg, rac ruseTis embargos Sedegad Sefer-xda qarTuli produqciis misTvis tradiciul bazrebze reali-zacia. am TvalsazrisiT, saeqsporto bazrebis diversificireba qveynis xelisuflebis da eqsportiorebis gadaudebel amocanad iqca, ramac, Tavis mxriv, saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris samoqmedo geg-mis ekonomikuri nawilis ganxorcieleba daaCqara. evrokavSirTan savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebis ganviTareba TanamSromlobis erT-erT mTavar prioritetad iqna aRiarebuli da Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis saqmianoba ori ZiriTadi mimarTule-biT warimarTa:

1. evrokavSirTan vaWrobaSi sabaJo-satarifo SeRavaTebisufro efeqturad gamoyeneba da arsebuli tarifebis kidevufro Semcireba;

2. kanonmdeblobis harmonizebis, Sesabamisi administraciulireformebisa da evropuli standartebis danergvis gziT,

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qarTuli produqciis mier evrokavSiris arasatarifobarierebis gadalaxvis xelSewyoba.

evrokavSirTan vaWrobaSi sabaJo tarifebis gauqmeba/dawevismimarTulebiT saqarTvelos winaSe amJamad mdgari amocanebia:• evrokavSiris preferenciaTa generalizirebuli sistemiT

(GSP+) gaTvaliswinebuli savaWro SeRavaTebis metad popularizeba, raTa qarTvel eqsportiorTa Soris am SeRavaTebis momxmarebelTa ricxvma imatos.

• evrokavSirTan Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis gaformeba;

evrokavSirTan vaWrobaSi arasatarifo barierebis gadalax-vis mimarTulebiT saqarTvelos xelisuflebis erT-erT amoca-nas saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris Rvinis, spirtis da so-flis meurneobis sxva produqciiT vaWrobis Sesaxeb ormxriviSeTanxmebis gaformeba warmoadgens. aRniSnulma SeTanxmebam, qar-Tuli saeqsporto produqciis evrokavSiris bazarze SeRwevis garda, mxareebis mier produqciis geografiul aRniSvnaTa da adgilwarmoSobis dasaxelebaTa urTierTaRiareba da dacva unda ganapirobos, rac evropul bazarze qarTuli produqciis falsi-ficirebasTan brZolis mZlavri iaraRi gaxdeba.

sagulisxmoa, rom, mimdinare etapze, rogorc satarifo, ise ara-satarifo barierebis SemcirebasTan dakavSirebuli amocanebis Sesrulebis TvalsazrisiT garkveuli warmateba ukve miRweulia, kerZod, evrokomisia axorcielebs saqarTvelos da evrokavSirs Soris Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis gaformebis mi-zanSewonilobis winaswar teqnikur Seswavlas. miRebuli Sedege-bis safuZvelze SemuSavdeba daskvna xsenebuli SeTanxmebis eko-nomikuri mizanSewonilobis Sesaxeb. amasTan, saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris Rvinis, spirtis da soflis meurneobis sxvaproduqciiT vaWrobis Sesaxeb ormxrivi SeTanxmebis gaforme-basTan dakavSirebuli molaparakebebis ramodenime warmatebuli raundis Sedegad, aRniSnuli SeTanxmebaze muSaobis dasruleba 2008 wlis bolomde igegmeba.

zemoaRwerili cxadyofs, rom saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris arsebuli ekonomikuri sakanonmdeblo baza sakmaod zo-gadia, Tumca konkretuli mimarTulebebiT warmatebis miRwevis perspeqtivas Seicavs. am TvalsazrisiT karg magaliTad gamodge-ba evrokomisiasTan miRweuli SeTanxmeba, rom Rvinis, spirtis da soflis meurneobis sxva produqciiT vaWrobis Sesaxeb ormxriviSeTanxmeba Tavdapirvelad Rvinisa da spirtis produqciis geo-grafiuli adgilwarmoSobis niSnebs daicavs da evrokavSiris

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bazarze yoveli axali qarTuli produqtis SeRwevis SemTxvevaSi, am produqtis adgilwarmoSobis dasaxelebis dacva xsenebulSeTanxmebaze calke protokolis damatebis gziT ganxorciel-deba.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, broSuraTa warmodgenili ciklis erT-erT amocanas isic warmoadgens, rom evrokavSiris bazarzemesame qveynis produqciis SeRwevis Sesaxeb saWiro informaciis miwodebasTan erTad, qarTvel mewarmeebs konkretuli qarTuli saeqsporto produqtebis evrokavSiris bazarze SeRwevis Sesaxeb rekomendaciebi miawodos da amiT xeli Seuwyos saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris samoqmedo gegmis realizacias.

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bazarze yoveli axali qarTuli produqtis SeRwevis SemTxvevaSi, am produqtis adgilwarmoSobis dasaxelebis dacva xsenebulSeTanxmebaze calke protokolis damatebis gziT ganxorciel-deba.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, broSuraTa warmodgenili ciklis erT-erT amocanas isic warmoadgens, rom evrokavSiris bazarzemesame qveynis produqciis SeRwevis Sesaxeb saWiro informaciis miwodebasTan erTad, qarTvel mewarmeebs konkretuli qarTuli saeqsporto produqtebis evrokavSiris bazarze SeRwevis Sesaxeb rekomendaciebi miawodos da amiT xeli Seuwyos saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris samoqmedo gegmis realizacias.

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Exporting to thE EuropEan union markEt - SpEcific iSSuES

Tariff and non-Tariff barriers To The Trade wiTh Theeuropean union

Nowadays one of the main factors in the economic growth of developing countries is their ability to successfully interact and integrate with international markets. Realization of their export potential is another key element which is closely linked to their integration.

Developing countries need not only to find their export markets but also to diversify them to avoid dependence. The embargo on Georgian produce introduced by Russia in 2005 caused significant damages to Georgian exporters. Unfortunately, no immediate solution has been found. Nevertheless, the embargo forced the Georgian authorities and exporters to look for alternative markets. As a result, the European Union market given its size, high standards and sophistication, acquired even higher importance for Georgia.

It should be noted that further rapprochement with the EU firmly remains on Georgia’s external policy agenda. Therefore, economic integration with the EU is crucial for driving Georgia’s European aspirations forward and feeding the process with new ideas.

Despite the growth that has been observed recently, the EU fairly assesses the EU-Georgia trade as limited, with a clear need for diversification, especially when it comes to Georgian exports. It should be noted, that a number of positive preconditions for achieving better results are already in place, namely, Georgia’s WTO membership, the EU GSP benefits (to be discussed in the next chapters), continuous EU technical and financial assistance, etc. In this publication the authors will try to identify reasons that prevent the sides from trading more intensively.

The first chapter of the publication introduces tariff and non-tariff barriers in the trade with the EU. The past experience shows that third countries are more capable of overcoming the EU tariff (i.e. administrative- barriers) while non-tariff barriers (standards and norms for production, transportation, labeling and storage requirements, etc.) require more time and efforts on their part.

examples of The eu non-Tariff barriers

The EU single market is governed by a complex merger of EU-wide and national regulations. Through its strict non-tariff barriers, the EU pursues two objectives: protection of European consumers from unhealthy and dangerous foodstuffs and creation of conditions for fair competition. This way the import of those products which

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do not comply with the EU norms is being prevented.Exporters from third countries experience difficulties with the interpretation of and

understanding the EU legislation on import rules and standards. Therefore, the main goal of the present publication (and a few more that will follow) is to explain the complex EU regulations and directives and work out recommendations which may be easier to understand and implement. It is also noteworthy that the EU legislation is continuously updated and amended and therefore, needs to be closely observed.

In this respect, the second chapter of the brochure gives some useful examples of the EU non-tariff barriers introduced by EU directives, EU Council decisions, such as sanitary and phito-sanitary norms, food safety and hygienic standards, etc.

The european single markeT and some imporTanT aspecTsconcerning iTs funcTioning

The third chapter makes a brief overview of the EU market and its gradual development focusing on the so-called “turning points” in its history. The main success in EU’s economic development results from lifting all the trade barriers between the member states. Tariff barriers such as customs and others were eliminated relatively easily. As regards the reduction of non-tariff barriers, the EU member states had to agree on a common set of requirements which had to be implemented in each and every one of them. The chapter illustrates how the EU internal market has been liberalized so far, giving examples from service, employment, taxation, competition, consumer protection and other sectors.

implemenTaTion of eu Trade policy Towards ThirdcounTries Through bilaTeral and mulTilaTeral relaTions

The fourth chapter of the publication refers to the EU trade policy towards third countries. This policy includes the EU activities in the framework of the WTO, development of bilateral relations with third countries and asymmetric trade preferences to support their economic development. In this context, the EU stands for the simplification of market access for third countries, also trying to eliminate tariff barriers for “non-sensitive” products.

The EU largely contributes to the reduction of custom tariffs, supports strengthening of bilateral relations with third countries through new policies and agreements as well as sectoral initiatives, introduces various schemes of asymmetric trade preferences to stimulate production and trade growth in third countries, provides for significant technical and financial assistance to improve administrative capacities of the countries concerned, etc. At the same time, it would be fair to say that the abovementioned efforts concern mainly tariff barriers; even if custom tariffs for the entry to the EU

27


do not comply with the EU norms is being prevented.Exporters from third countries experience difficulties with the interpretation of and

understanding the EU legislation on import rules and standards. Therefore, the main goal of the present publication (and a few more that will follow) is to explain the complex EU regulations and directives and work out recommendations which may be easier to understand and implement. It is also noteworthy that the EU legislation is continuously updated and amended and therefore, needs to be closely observed.

In this respect, the second chapter of the brochure gives some useful examples of the EU non-tariff barriers introduced by EU directives, EU Council decisions, such as sanitary and phito-sanitary norms, food safety and hygienic standards, etc.

The european single markeT and some imporTanT aspecTsconcerning iTs funcTioning

The third chapter makes a brief overview of the EU market and its gradual development focusing on the so-called “turning points” in its history. The main success in EU’s economic development results from lifting all the trade barriers between the member states. Tariff barriers such as customs and others were eliminated relatively easily. As regards the reduction of non-tariff barriers, the EU member states had to agree on a common set of requirements which had to be implemented in each and every one of them. The chapter illustrates how the EU internal market has been liberalized so far, giving examples from service, employment, taxation, competition, consumer protection and other sectors.

implemenTaTion of eu Trade policy Towards ThirdcounTries Through bilaTeral and mulTilaTeral relaTions

The fourth chapter of the publication refers to the EU trade policy towards third countries. This policy includes the EU activities in the framework of the WTO, development of bilateral relations with third countries and asymmetric trade preferences to support their economic development. In this context, the EU stands for the simplification of market access for third countries, also trying to eliminate tariff barriers for “non-sensitive” products.

The EU largely contributes to the reduction of custom tariffs, supports strengthening of bilateral relations with third countries through new policies and agreements as well as sectoral initiatives, introduces various schemes of asymmetric trade preferences to stimulate production and trade growth in third countries, provides for significant technical and financial assistance to improve administrative capacities of the countries concerned, etc. At the same time, it would be fair to say that the abovementioned efforts concern mainly tariff barriers; even if custom tariffs for the entry to the EU

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were comparatively low, the complex EU regulations on standards remained to be an obstacle for third countries requiring more time and efforts. However, the EU has developed new approaches starting from 2002, when a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Chile was signed. In the new approach the EU tries to overcome the above problems by establishing a Deep FTAs with those third countries which are supposed to become closer EU partners. Deep FTA is designed for not just elimination of tariff barriers between the partners but also for harmonizing trade-related legal and regulatory framework of a partner country with that of the EU. This way, bigger chances will be given to third countries to get a real stake in the EU Internal Market.

legislaTive framework of The eu-georgia Tradeand The sTeps Towards iTs furTher developmenT

Chapter five describes the legislative basis for EU-Georgia trade starting from the Partnership and Co-operation Agreement (PCA) and ending in the EU-Georgia Action Plan, elaborated in the framework of the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP). The authors also give an overview of GSP+, a comprehensive scheme of the EU Generalized System of Preferences, introduced in 2005, as well as current trends in the EU-Georgia trade development, focusing on new opportunities for the reduction of EU non-tariff barriers.

Further, the chapter describes recent steps, jointly taken by the Georgian and European sides, aimed at further harmonization of Georgian export standards to those of the EU. In this context, the EU Georgia bilateral agreement on mutual recognition and protection of geographical indications for wine, spirits and other foodstuffs as well as a feasibility study on the possible EU-Georgia Free Trade Agreement is discussed.

In the follow-up publications, the authors will put forward concrete recommendations on the production, transportation, labeling, packaging and other norms related to third countries. We will also provide information on VAT, excise and other duties in the EU states for certain categories of exported products, as well as information on other important legislative acts of the EU.

arsebuli satarifo da arasatarifo barierebi 3...

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