wyali

wyali

ra aris wyali?

yvelam viciT Tu ra aris wyali?

ra TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba igi?

rogor gamoisaxeba wylis formula?

ra qimiuri elementebisgan Sedgeba igi?

ra aris wyali?

albaT yvela TqvenTaganma icis Tu rogor gamoisaxeba wylis formula

wyali Sedgeba Jangbadis erTi da wyalbadis ori atomisagan. wyalbadis

dadebiTi atomebi dakavSirebulia Jangbadis uaryofiT atomTan, romelic erTobliobaSi qmnis wylis molekulas.

H2O

wylis molekula

wylis fizikuri Tvisebebi

wyali unikaluria imiT, rom igi aris erTaderTi bunebrivi nivTiereba bunebaSi, romelic

erTdroulad arsebobs sam mdgomareobaSi

wylis gayinvis temperatura celsiusis Skalis mixedviT aris 00, xolo duRilis

temperatura 1000.

siTxe (wyali), myari (yinuli) da airi (orTqli)

• wyali uCveuloa imiTac, rom wylis myari forma - yinuli naklebad mkvrivia vidre siTxe. amitomac aris, rom yinuli wylis zedapirze tivtivebs.

• wyals axasiaTebs maRali Tbotevadoba. es ki gulisxmobs, rom wyals SeuZlia STanTqas didi raodenobiT siTbo. amitomac aris, rom is farTod gamoiyeneba mrewvelobasa da manqanis radiatorebSi.

wylis fizikuri Tvisebebi

wyali adamianis organizmSi

iciT Tu ara rom:

adamianis organizmis 60% wyalia

da, rom yoveldRiurad adamianma, rogrc sasmelis, aseve sakvebis saxiT unda miiRos 2,4litri wyali.

wylis formebi

bunebriv pirobebSi wyali gvxvdeba sam agregatul mdgomareobaSi:

• siTxe (wyali)

• airadi (orTqli)

• myari (yinuli)

wylis sxva specifiuri formebi: • wvima

• Tovli

• setyva

• nami

wylis cirkulacia

dedamiwa - “lurji” planeta

dedamiwis 70% wyals ukavia, amitomac mas “lurj” planetas uwodeben

dedamiwa - “lurji” planeta

wyali gvxvdeba yvelagan:

• okeaneebi

• mdinareebi

• tbebi

• nakadulebi

• miwisqveSa wylebi

• 1 miliardze met adamians ar SeuZlia miiRos sufTa sasmeli wyali

• 2.4 miliardze meti adamiani cxovrobs mZime sanitarul pirobebSi (kanalizaciis sistemis ar arseboba, wylis miwodebis sistemis ar arseboba)

• 2025 wlisaTvis dedamiwis mosaxleobis 2/3 daitanjeba wylis naklebobiT

mecnierTa gamoTvlebiT:

dRes adamiani bevrad ufro met wyals moixmars, vidre es iyo 100 wlis ukan.

wyali farTod gamoiyeneba

• soflis meurneobaSi

• industriaSi

• yoveldRiur yofa-cxovrebaSi

wyali da adamiani

wylis dabinZureba

wylis ZiriTadi damabinZurebelia – adamiani

da misi saqmianoba

• soflis meurneoba

• mSenebloba

• narCenebi da saxifaTo nivTierebebis gaJonva

• mrewveloba

• sayofacxovrebo narCenebis gavrceleba

sasmeli wylis istoria

pirveli wyalgayvaniloba gaSenda egvipteSi da sparseTSi. Semdeg Zvelma romaelebma gaiyvanes e.w akvedukebi, magram romis civilizaciis dacemis Semdeg xalxma maTi aRdgena ver moaxerxa.

saqarTveloSi dRemde aris SemorCenili uZvelesi wyalgayvanilobis sistemis naSTebi, romlebic TixiT iyo damzadebuli. amis magaliTebia: ufliscixe, varZia da sxva.

wylis dabinZureba

zedapiruli wylebis dabinZureba

zedapiruli wylebi warmoadgnes dedamiwis bunebriv resurss da wamoadgens dedamiwis qerqis eqsteriers, esenia: mdinareebi, tbebi, nakadulebi, zRvebi da okeaneebi. maTi dabinZureba SesaZlebelia moxdes sxvadasxva gziT.

miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZureba

didi raodenobiT wyali aris aseve miwis qveS, romelsac miwisqveSa wylebi ewodeba. maTi dabinZurebis ZiriTadi wyaroa pesticidebi, romelic ZiriTadad miwidan xvdeba sasoflo-sameurneo saqminobebis Sedegad.

wylis nebismieri saxis dabinZureba saSiSia, rogorc adamianis, aseve cxovelTa janmrTelobisaTvis. dabinZirebuli wylis mavne zemoqmedeba SeiZleba xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi mimdanareobdes. sxvadasva saxis dabinZureba iwvevs sxvadasxva daavadebebebs:

• samrewvelo industriaSi momxmarebuli mZime metalebi Camdinare wylebis saxiT akumulirdebian mimdebare teritoriaze arsebul mdinareebsa da tbebSi. mZime metalebi warmoadgnen toqsikur nivTierebebs, romelic iwvevs wyalSi mobinadre cocxali organizmebis mowamvlas, Semdeg ki maTi sakvebad moxmarebis Sedegad adaminebis mowamvlasac.

• garkveul toqsikur nivTierebebs SeiZleba hqondeT susti efeqti, magram zogierTi toqsikuri nivTierebis zemoqmedeba SesaZloa momakvdinebelic ki aRmoCndes.

janmrTelobis riskebi

• Camdinare wylebSi mikrobiologiuri damabinZureblebi iwveven sxvadasxva infeqciur daavadebebs, rogoricaa qolera, tifi da a.S.

• mJave wylebSi arsebuli sulfaturi nawilakebi axdenen wylis faunis dazianebas da mowamvlas, rac SesaZloa sasikvdilo SedegiT dasruldes

• mtknar wylebSi Sewonili nawilakebis arseboba amcirebs wylis xarisxs da aseve sazianos xdis wylis faunas. Sewonili nawilakebi amcirebs aseve mzis sxivebis SeRwevis unars zedapirul wylebSi da xels uSlis fotosinTezis procesis mimdinareobas.

janmrTelobis riskebi

wylis gawmenda

• bunebrivi gawmenda

• xelovnuri gawmenda

dazogva da dabinZurebisagan dacva

vinaidan yoveli CvenTagani moixmars wyals, yvelas movaleobas warmoadgens davzogoT igi da davicvaT dabinZurebisagan.

aqedan gamomdinare wylis resursebis gadarCenis ori ZiriTadi principi arsebobs: dazogva da dabinZurebisagan dacva.

wylis dazogva saxlis pirobebSi

• WurWlis recxvis win, TefSebs moacileT saWmlis didi narCenebi

• ar garecxoT WurWeli gamdinare wylis qveS, moagroveT wyali niJaraSi. es dazogavs dasaxarji wylis naxevars mainc

• niJaras gaukeTeT saleqari xilisa da bostneulis recxvis dros

• cxeli obieqtebis gagrileba wylis nakadis qveS wylis uyairaTo xarjvaa

• sarecxi manqana CarTeT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi savsea

• gamoiyeneT saponi da saTli manqanis gasarecxad, xolo rezinis mili gamoiyeneT mxolod bolos – gasavlebad

• terasebi da aivnebi gadarecxeT wvimis wyliT, roca wvims

• ezoSi foTlebi focxiT moagroveT, ar gadarecxoT is rezinis miliT

• ar morwyoT baRi sasmeli wyliT. gamoiyeneT Wis an dagrovebuli wvimis wyali

• moerideT morwyvas qarSi da mcxunvare mzeSi, es is droa roca wyali swrafad orTqldeba

wylis dazogva saxlis pirobebSi

rogor davicvaT wyali dabinZurebisagan

WurWlis sarecxi siTxe da fxvnili

sarecxi saSualebebi, romlebic dResdReobiT iyideba, toqsikuria da koroziuli. maT sanacvlod SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT Zmari, wyali an soda.

minis sawmendi saSualebebi

minis sawmendi saSuelebebic toqsikuri da koroziulia. saojaxo saSualebebi, rogoricaa magaliTad Tbili wyali da Zmari, ufro usafrTxo alternativaa.

rogor davicvaT wyali dabinZurebisagan

kanalizaciis sawmendi saSualebebi

es produqtebic Zlier toqsikur nivTierebebs Seicavs, romelmac aseve SeiZleba gamoiwvios wva. SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT wyalsatumbi an mavTuli gaWedili milis gasawmendad.

maTeTrebeli saSualebebi

maTeTrebeli saSualebebic toqsikur elementebs Seicavs. maT magivrad SesaZlebelia sodisa da Zmris gamoiyeneba. 

sarecxi geli da fxvnilebi

maTac Zlieri toqsikuri Semadgenloba aqvT. SecvaleT isini sodiT.

rogor davzogoT wyali

• SevakeToT wylis milebi, imisaTvis rom ar moxdes wylis dakargva gzaSi

• soflis meurneobaSi gamoviyenoT „wveTovani“ morwyvis sistema, imisaTvis rom SevamciroT wylis danakargi

• avaSenoT wylis gamwmendi sistema, sadac ki SesaZlebelia sawarmoebSi dainergos wylis “cirkulaciis” sistema (rodesac sawarmo teqnikuri miznebisaTvis iyenebs erTxel ukve gamoyenebul da gawmendil wyals)

wyali - Cveni arsebobis sawyisi