tidal energy
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SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Tidal Energy
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
Tides and tidal energy How can we capture it? Why would we want to? Where is the market today? Why is the UK the world-leader? Where are the challenges? What is the opportunity?
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Tides 101
Rising and falling of the ocean’s surface Caused by gravitational effect of moon and sun on the seas Highly predictable (28-day cycle).
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
E = ½ mv2 and all that…
Tides cause significant volumes of water to flow around the world.
The moving body of water contains energy. Power of the water is proportional to (current speed)3. But, good tidal spots can be a little rough…
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
How much energy? Where?
Raw, incoming tide from Atlantic: 250 GW average 2190 TWh / yr
Total UK electricity consumption: 400 TWh / yr
“Hot Spots” not near centres of population or grid infrastructure.
190 GW
60 GW
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
But we can hardly dam the (whole) North Sea…
1.6 mile wide / 40m deep channel Average power through channel:
350MW i.e. domestic electricity consumption
of Glasgow.
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
You keep saying “Average…”
Tidal Power
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Days
MW
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Comparison: Wind Farm
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Recap
The resource is: Large Free Predictable
But: Varies with time In the wrong place
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
So, how can we capture it?
Romans used tide mills in London.
Historically, c. 750 mills installed around the Atlantic
Better ways of milling flour now exist…
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Tidal Barrage (Tidal Range)
First, dam an estuary…
Principle: Tide allowed to flow through barrage into estuary pool Barrage closes, water held in pool until tide falls Water released through turbines to generate power.
Severn barrage under feasibility study Led by Ed Milliband 5 options at public consultation Reports end 2009.
La Rance, 1966
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Tidal Stream
Find a good location Fast-flowing Close to shore Close to grid Good seabed conditions Not too exposed…
Put a “farm” of underwater windmills there.
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Current Approaches
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Typical Development Process
Basic Technology Development
Full Scale Prototype
Commercial Array
£1M £20-40M £100M+
3-10yrs ~3 yrs ~3 yrs
Hammerfest Strom
Marine Current Turbines
OpenHydro
Over 100 active device developers All pre-revenue technology development companies Usually single-product
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
The UK Top 20
Basic Science
Modelling & Tank Testing
Large Prototypes
Commercial Machines
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
The Way Forwards
JVs emerging to develop first projects Technology Developer + Utility
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
UK Support Mechanisms
Revenue Support through the Renewables Obligation 2 ROCs / MWh (England & Wales) 3 ROCs / MWh (Scotland)
Targeted Revenue Support Marine Renewables Deployment Fund Saltire Prize
Capital Support Marine Renewables Proving Fund Energy Technologies Institute
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
UK Support Mechanisms
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Current Hot Topics
First commercial projects underway Islay Array (Scottish Power / Hammerfest Strom UK) Anglesey Array (NPower Renewables / MCT)
Internationalisation OpenHydro: - Canadian projects Lunar: - 500MW Korean farm.
Policy & Infrastructure Crown Estates Leasing Process Grid Issues OFTO
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
The Pentland Firth Process
Crown Estates Process Marine spatial planning
exercise 700MW of renewable power
from Pentland Firth by 2020 Closed 15 May 09 42 applications received Projects 10MW-300MW
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Grid Reinforcement
National Grid: Connects few power stations to
many consumers
New Paradigm Generation at grid extremities
Major upgrade projects Beauly – Denny rebuild Dounreay – Beauly upgrade
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Taking the Grid Offshore
Energy Act (2004) Licence needed to operate offshore transmission network Offshore Transmission Owners (OFTOs) introduced:
Own the “Offshore grid.” Appointed by Ofgem Tendering process triggered by tidal developer applying for grid
connection. Remuneration from “locational” (tidal developer) & “non-locational”
(other users). First OFTO tender process April 09 (offshore wind farms) Developers watching with interest
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Conclusions
Tidal energy promising, but developmental
25-50% of European tidal stream resource in UK waters UK will see world’s first commercial projects
High on political agenda Especially Scotland Sustained support needed to retain impetus in UK.
Rapidly changing industry: Impact of OFTO? Impact of grid upgrades? Will it work?
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
www.fnc.co.uk/renewables
Ian Watson
+44 (0)1306 885050
i.watson@fnc.co.uk
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