JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI JOHOR PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM ... · PDF file2011 1 ¼ jam Nama: Kelas: PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2011 4551/1 BIOLOGI Kertas 1 September 2011 ... NEGERI

SULIT* 4551/1

4551/1 Biologi Kertas 1 September 2011 1 ¼ jam

Nama:

Kelas:

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2011 4551/1 BIOLOGI Kertas 1 September 2011 1 ¼ jam Satu jam lima belas minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa. 2. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa

Melayu. 3. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman belakang kertas soalan ini.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 29 halaman bercetak

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI JOHOR

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SULIT 2 4551/1

1. Diagram 1 shows an organelle.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu organel.

Which of the following cell possess the organelle in Diagram 1? Antara sel-sel berikut, yang manakah mengandungi organel dalam Rajah 1? A Guard cell Sel pengawal B Muscle cell Sel otot C Epidermal cell Sel epidermis D Cheek cell Sel pipi 2. Diagram 2 shows a unicellular organism. Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu organisma unisel

Diagram 2 Rajah 2

Which of the following process facilitates the movement of water into the cell? Antara proses berikut, yang manakah mempercepatkan pergerakan air ke dalam sel

tersebut?

Diagram 1 Rajah 1

Water Air

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SULIT 3 4551/1

A Osmosis Osmosis B Active Transport Pengangkutan Aktif C Simple Diffusion Resapan Ringkas D Facillitated Diffusion Resapan Ringkas 3. Diagram 3 shows part of a plasma membrane. Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada membran plasma.

Diagram 3

Rajah 3

What are the parts labeled I and II? Apakah bahagian berlabel I dan II?

I II A Hydrophilic head

Kepala hidrofilik

Hydophobic tail Ekor hidrofobik

B Hydophobic head Kepala hidrofobik

Hydrophilic tail Ekor hidrofilik

C Polar head Kepala berkutub

Polar tail Ekor berkutub

D Non-polar head Kepala tidak berkutub

Non-polar tail Ekor tidak berkutub

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SULIT 4 4551/1

4. Diagram 4 shows the condition of a plant cell after being immersed in a hypotonic

solution. Rajah 4 menunjukkan keadaan satu sel tumbuhan selepas direndam dalam larutan hipotonik.

Diagram 4 Rajah 4

Which of the part labeled P, Q, R and S shows that the cell is turgid ?

Yang manakah antara bahagian berlabel P, Q, R and S menunjukkan bahawa sel ini segah?

A P B Q C R D S 5. Diagram 5 shows the molecular structure of two classes of food. Rajah 5 menunjukkan struktur molekul bagi dua jenis kelas makanan.

P

Q

Diagram 5

Rajah 5

P Q

R

S

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SULIT 5 4551/1

What are the food classes of P and Q? Apakah kelas makanan bagi molekul P dan Q?

P Q A Protein

Protein Lipid Lipid

B Carbohydrate Karbohidrat

Protein Protein

C Lipid Lipid

Carbohydrate Karbohidrat

D Protein Protein

Carbohydrate Karbohidrat

6. Which type of carbohydrate is found in abundance in liver cells? Apakah jenis karbohidrat yang banyak dijumpai dalam sel hati?

A Starch Kanji B Sucrose Sukrosa C Glycogen Glikogen D Glucose Glukosa 7. Which of the following enzyme is synthesised in pancrease?

Yang manakah antara enzim berikut disintesis di pankreas? A Sucrase Sukrase B Pepsin Pepsin C Amylase Amilase D Rennin Renin

8 Which of the following cell does not carry out mitosis? Yang manakah antara sel berikut tidak menjalankan proses mitosis ? A Skin cells Sel-sel kulit B Hair cells Sel-sel rambut C Finger nail cells Sel-sel kuku D Red blood cells

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SULIT 6 4551/1

Sel darah merah 9 The following statement refers to a process in digestion. Pernyataan berikut merujuk pada satu proses dalam pencernaan.

A process of utilization of digested nutrient to form complex compounds. Proses penggunaan nutrien untuk membentuk sebatian kompleks.

What is the process? Apakah proses tersebut?

A Assimilation Asimilasi

B Absorption Penyerapan

C Deamination Deaminasi

D Defaecation Penyahtinjaan 10 Diagram 6 shows a ruminant digestive system.

Which of the part P, Q, R and S is the true stomach of the ruminant? Rajah 6 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan haiwan ruminan. Yang manakah antara bahagian yang berlabel P, Q, R and S merupakan perut sebenar haiwan ruminan? A P B Q C R D S

S Q

R

Diagram 6 Rajah 6

P

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SULIT 7 4551/1

11 Diagram 7 shows the human digestive system.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia.

Diagram 7 Rajah 7

Which of the part labelled A, B, C and D is the site where deamination takes place? Yang manakah antara bahagian berlabel A, B, C dan D merupakan tempat berlakunya deaminasi?

12 Diagram 8 shows the structure for gaseous exchange in humans. Rajah 8 menunjukkan struktur untuk pertukaran gas manusia.

Diagram 8 Rajah 8

Which of the following are the adaptive characteristics? Manakah antara yang berikut merupakan ciri-ciri penyesuaiannya?

I Always moist

Sentiasa lembab II Thin and permeable Nipis dan telap III Has a large surface area Mempunyai luas permukan yang besar IV Complete with main blood vessel

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SULIT 8 4551/1

Lengkap dengan salur darah utama A I and III only I dan III sahaja B II and IV only II dan IV sahaja

C III and IV only III dan IV sahaja D I, II and III only I,II, dan III sahaja 13 Diagram 9 shows three different types of organisms. Rajah 9 menunjukkan tiga jenis organisma yang berbeza.

Diagram 9

Rajah 9 Which of the following shows the correct respiratory surface of the organisms? Manakah antara berikut menunjukkan permukaan pernafasan yang betul untuk

organisma tersebut?

P Q R A Skin

Kulit

Tracheoles Trakeol

Alveolus Alveolus

B Alveolus Alveolus

Skin Kulit

Tracheoles Trakeol

C Alveolus Alveolus

Tracheoles Trakeol

Skin Kulit

D Tracheoles

Trakeol Alveolus Alveolus

Skin Kulit

P Q R

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SULIT 9 4551/1

14 Diagram 10 shows a profile of a mangrove swamp. Rajah 10 menunjukkan profil hutan paya bakau.

Diagram 10 Rajah 10

What are the dominant species found in each zone? Apakah spesies dominan yang terdapat di setiap zon ini?

Zone 1 Zon 1

Zone 2 Zon 2

Zone 3 Zon 3

A Rhizophora sp Bruguiera sp Avicennia sp and Sonneratia sp Avicennia sp dan Sonneratia sp

B Bruguiera sp Avicennia sp and Sonneratia sp Avicennia sp dan Sonneratia sp

Rhizophora sp

C Avicennia sp and Sonneratia sp Avicennia sp dan Sonneratia sp

Rhizophora sp Bruguiera sp

D Avicennia sp and Sonneratia sp Avicennia sp dan Sonneratia sp

Bruguiera sp Rhizophora sp

High tide Air pasang

Muddy shore without plant Tebing lumpur tanpa tumbuh-tumbuhan

Low tide Air surut

Zone 1 Zon 1

Zone 2 Zon 2

Zone 3 Zon 3

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SULIT 10 4551/1

15 Diagram 11 shows a graph of the changes in the population of owl and rat in a community.

Rajah 11 menunjukkan satu graf perubahan populasi burung hantu dan tikus dalam satu komuniti.

Diagram 11

Rajah 11

What is the type of interaction is shown by the graph? Apakah jenis interaksi yang ditunjukkan oleh graf tersebut? A Commensal-host relationship Perhubungan komensal-perumah B Parasite-host relationship Perhubungan parasit-perumah

C Prey- predator- relationship Perhubungan mangsa-pemangsa D Epiphyte-epizoit relationship Perhubungan epifit-epizoit 16 Which of the following is the main cause of acid rain? Antara yang berikut yang manakah punca utama hujan asid

A Carbon dioxide

Karbon dioksida B Sulphur dioxide Sulfur dioksida C Carbon monoxide Karbon monoksida D Chlorofluorocarbons Kloroflorokarbon

Owl / Burung hantu Rat / Tikus

Time / Masa Num

ber o

f ani

mal

s Bi

lang

ian

haiw

an

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SULIT 11 4551/1

17 Diagram 12 shows a cross section of a young dicotyledon root consisting of a few main tissues.

Rajah 12 menunjukkan keratan rentas akar muda pokok dikotiledon yang terdiri daripada beberapa tisu utama.

Diagram 12

Rajah 12 What is M? Apakah M? A Phloem Floem B Xylem Xilem C Cortex Korteks D Cambium Kambium 18 Which of the following substances causes prothrombin to change to thrombin? Yang manakah antara bahan berikut menyebabkan protrombin bertukar kepada

trombin? A Vitamin K Vitamin K B Thrombin Trombin C Calcium ion Ion kalsium D Thrombokinase Trombokinase 19 Which type of immunity is obtained by injecting antiserum into the body? Apakah jenis keimunan yang akan diperoleh dengan menyuntik antiserum ke dalam

badan? A Artificially acquired passive immunity Keimunan pasif buatan B Naturally acquired passive immunity Keimunan pasif semula jadi C Artificially acquired active immunity Keimunan aktif buatan D Naturally acquired active immunity Keimunan aktif semula jadi

M

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SULIT 12 4551/1

20 What are the functions of the human skeleton? Apakah fungsi-fungsi rangka manusia? I Support the body

Menyokong badan II For locomotion

Untuk pergerakan III Produces blood cells

Menghasilkan sel darah IV Protects the internal organs such as heart and lungs Melindungi organ dalaman seperti jantung dan peparu. A I and II only B III and IV only C I , II and IV only D I , II , III and IV 21 Diagram 13 shows a human lumbar vertebrae. Rajah 13 menunjukkan satu vertebra lumbar manusia.

Diagram 13 Rajah 13

What is the function of X and Y? Apakah fungsi X dan Y? A Protection for spinal cord

Perlindungan bagi saraf tunjang B Surfaces for muscle attachment

Permukaan untuk pelekatan otot C Surfaces for vertebral joints

Permukaan untuk sendi vertebra D Surfaces for rib articulation

Permukaan untuk persendian tulang rusuk.

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SULIT 13 4551/1

22 Diagram 14 shows the growth curve of an insect. Rajah 14 menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan seekor serangga.

Body length (cm) Panjang badan (sm)

Diagram 14

Rajah 14

What is stage X? Apakah peringkat X

A Ecdysis Ekdisis B Adult Dewasa C Nymph Nimfa D Instar Instar

23 The following statement is about a method of contraception in females. Pernyataan berikut adalah tentang satu kaedah pencegahan kehamilan pada wanita.

· A plastic-coated copper coil

Satu lingkaran kuprum yang bersalut plastik · Can be left in the uterus for months

Boleh dibiarkan di dalam uterus selama beberapa bulan · Prevents implantation of the embryo in the uterine wall

Menghalang penempelan embrio pada dinding uterus

Time (days) Masa (hari)

X

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SULIT 14 4551/1

What is the method used? Apakah kaedah yang digunakan? A Spermicide Spermisid B Diaphragm Diafragma C Intrauterine Device (IUD) Alat kontraseptif dalam rahim (IUD) D Female condom Kondom wanita 24 The following statement is about the hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle. Pernyataan berikut adalah tentang hormon-hormon yang mengawal atur kitar haid.

· Hormone J – Stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete LH and FSH

Hormon J – Merangsang pituitary anterior untuk merembes LH dan FSH · Hormone K – At low level, causes the breakdown of endometrium wall and

menstruation Hormon K – Pada paras yang rendah, menyebabkan keruntuhan dinding endometrium dan kedatangan haid

What are hormones J and K? Apakah hormon J dan K?

Hormone J Hormon J

Hormone K Hormon K

A Oestrogen Estrogen

Progesterone Progesteron

B Progesterone Progesteron

Oestrogen Estrogen

C Progesterone

Progesteron Gonadotrophine Releasing

Hormone (GnRH) Hormon Perembes Gonadotrof

(GnRH) D Gonadotrophine Releasing

Hormone (GnRH) Hormon Perembes Gonadotrof

(GnRH)

Progesterone Progesteron

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SULIT 15 4551/1

25 Mendel’s First Law of Inheritance is also known as Law of Segregation. Hukum Mendel Pertama juga dikenali sebagai Hukum Pengasingan Bebas.

Based on the statement, which stage of cell division is involved in the segregation of alleles?

Apakah peringkat pembahagian sel yang terlibat dalam pengasingan alel A Prophase I Profasa I B Metaphasa I Metafasa I C Anaphase I Anafasa I D Telophase I Telofasa I

26 Diagram 15 shows four different types of plant tissues. Rajah 15 menunjukkan empat jenis tisu tumbuhan yang berbeza.

Diagram 15 Rajah 15

What are the functions of the tissues? Apakah fungsi tisu-tisu tersebut?

W X Y Z A Food storage

Simpanan makanan Transport

Pengangkutan Support

Sokongan Transport

Pengangkutan B Food storage

Simpanan makanan Transport

Pengangkutan Transport

Pengangkutan Support

Sokongan C Support

Sokongan Transport

Pengangkutan Transport

Pengangkutan Food storage

Simpanan makanan

D Transport Pengangkutan

Support Sokongan

Food storage Simpanan makanan

W X Y Z

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SULIT 16 4551/1

27 The following information refers to a type of tissue. Berikut ialah maklumat mengenai sejenis tisu.

· Specialised to form hair-liked cells called cilia

Mengkhusus untuk membentuk struktur seperti rambut yang dipanggil silia. · Secrete mucus

Merembeskan mucus

Which of the following organs is made up of the tissue above? Yang manakah antara organ di bawah mengandungi tisu tersebut?

A Heart

Jantung B Lungs

Peparu C Small intestine

Usus kecil D Trachea

Trakea 28 Diagram 16 shows the condition of red blood cell samples which have been placed in different concentration of salt solutions M and N. Rajah 16 menunjukkan keadaan sampel sel darah merah yang telah diletakkan di

dalam kepekatan larutan garam yang berbeza M dan N.

Condition of red blood cell

Keadaan sel darah merah

Solution Larutan

Salt solution M Larutan garam M

Salt solution N Larutan garam N

Diagram 16 Rajah 16

What are the types of solution M and N compared to the red blood cells? Apakah jenis larutan M dan N berbanding dengan sel darah merah tersebut?

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SULIT 17 4551/1

Solution M Larutan M

Solution N Larutan N

A Hypotonic Hipotonik

Hypertonic Hipertonik

B Isotonic Isotonik

Hypotonic Hipotonik

C Hypertonic Hipertonik

Isotonic Isotonik

D Hypertonic Hipertonik

Hypotonic Hipotonik

29 The graph shows the result of an experiment to determine the concentration of the cell

sap of potato tissues. Graf menunjukkan keputusan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan kepekatan sap sel

ubi kentang.

At which point A, B, C or D is the concentration of sucrose solution hypertonic to the

cell sap of potato tissues? Yang manakah antara titik A, B, C atau D merupakan kepekatan larutan sukrosa

yang hipertonik terhadap sap sel tisu ubi kentang?

30 Diagram 17 shows a process in a stage of cell division in a plant. Rajah 17 menunjukkan satu proses dalam peringkat pembahagian sel pada tumbuhan.

Diagram 17 Rajah 17

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SULIT 18 4551/1

Which of the following part of the plant does this process occur? Yang manakah antara bahagian tumbuhan berikut proses ini berlaku?

A Anther Anter B Lateral bud Tunas sisi C Cambium Kambium D Root tip Hujung akar 31 Which statement is true about meiosis? Kenyataan yang manakah benar tentang meiosis? A DNA replication occurs twice in meiosis Replikasi DNA berlaku dua kali dalam meiosis B Uncontrolled meiosis can cause a disease named cancer Meiosis tidak terkawal boleh menyebabkan penyakit dinamakan kanser C The chromosomal behaviour in meiosis I is the same as in mitosis Perlakuan kromosom dalam meiosis I sama seperti dalam mitosis D Synapsis and crossing over take place only in prophase I Sinapsis dan pindah silang hanya berlaku dalam profasa I 32 Diagram 18 shows the various stages of mitosis. Rajah 18 menunjukkan pelbagai peringkat mitosis. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the stages? Yang manakah antara berikut menunjukkan susunan peringkat yang betul? A R → Q → S → P B P → R → Q → S C Q → S → R → P D P → S → Q → R

P Q R S

Diagram 18 Rajah 18

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SULIT 19 4551/1

33 Table 1 shows the differences between light reaction and dark reaction during photosynthesis.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan perbezaan antara tindak balas cahaya dan tindak balas gelap semasa fotosintesis.

Light reaction

Tindak balas cahaya Dark reaction Tindak balas gelap

P Takes place in the stroma Berlaku di stroma

Takes place in the grana Berlaku di grana

Q Oxygen is released Oksigen terbebas

Oxygen is not released Oksigen tidak terbebas

R Occurs during day time Berlaku pada waktu siang

Occurs during the night Berlaku pada waktu malam

S Glucose is not formed Glukosa tidak terbentuk

Glucose is formed Glukosa terbentuk

Table 1 Jadual 1

Which are the correct differences? Yang manakah perbezaan yang betul? A P and Q only P dan Q sahaja B P and R only P dan R sahaja C Q and R only Q dan R sahaja D Q and S only Q dan S sahaja 34 Which of the following are products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in the

muscle cells? Antara yang berikut yang manakah hasil respirasi aerobik dan anaerobik di dalam

sel otot?

Aerobic Respiration Respirasi aerobik

Anaerobic Respiration Respirasi anaerobik

A Carbon dioxide and water Karbon dioksida dan air

Ethanol Etanol

B Carbon dioxide and water Karbon dioksida dan air

Lactic acid Asid laktik

C Lactic acid Asid laktik

Ethanol Etanol

D Lactic acid Asid laktik

Carbon dioxide and water Karbon dioksida dan air

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SULIT 20 4551/1

35 What is the main cause of eutrophication? Apakah punca utama eutrofikasi?

A Burning of fossil fuels Pembakaran bahan api fosil B Leaching of excess fertilizers Larut resap lebihan baja tak organik C Thinning of ozone layer Penipisan lapisam ozon D Greenhouse effect Kesan rumah hijau 36. Diagram 19 shows a condition of stomata. Rajah 19 menunjukkan suatu keadaan stomata.

Diagram 19

Rajah 19

Which of the following may cause the condition? Yang manakah antara berikut menyebabkan keadaan tersebut? A High light intensity Keamatan cahaya yang tinggi B Water enters the guard cells Air masuk ke dalam sel pengawal C Potassium ion leaves the guard cells Ion kalium meninggalkan sel pengawal D High concentration of glucose in the guard cells Kepekatan glukosa yang tinggi di dalam sel pengawal

Guard cells Sel pengawal

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SULIT 21 4551/1

37. Diagram 20 shows an elbow joint. Which of the parts labeled A, B, C or D is tough and elastic tissue?

Rajah 20 menunjukkan satu sendi siku. Yang manakah antara bahagian berlabel A, B, C dan D ialah tisu yang kuat dan

kenyal?

Diagram 20 Rajah 20

38

A haemodialysis machine is used to eliminate urea from the blood of a person with damaged kidney. Mesin haemodialisis digunakan untuk menyingkirkan urea daripada darah seseorang yang mengalami kerosakan ginjal.

Which of the following condition enables the process? Yang manakah antara keadaan berikut membolehkan proses tersebut berlaku? A Concentration of urea in the blood and in the dialysis fluid is the same Kepekatan urea di dalam darah adalah sama dengan kepekatan urea di dalam

cecair dialysis B Concentration of water molecules in the dialysis fluid is higher than in the

blood Kepekatan molekul air dalam cecair dialisis lebih tinggi daripada dalam

darah. C Concentration of urea in the dialysis fluid is higher than in the blood Kepekatan urea dalam cecair dialisis lebih tinggi daripada kepekatan urea

dalam darah D Concentration of urea in the blood is higher than in the dialysis fluid Kepekatan urea dalam darah lebih tinggi daripada kepekatan urea dalam

cecair dialisis.

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SULIT 22 4551/1

39 Which of the following is the similarity between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Yang manakah antara berikut merupakan persamaan antara system saraf dan sistem endokrin?

A Both work at the same speed Kedua-duanya berkerja pada kelajuan yang sama B Both coordinate responses towards stimuli Kedua-duanya menyelaras gerak balas terhadap rangsangan C Both use blood as the medium of transmission Kedua-duanya menggunakan darah sebagai medium pemindahan D Both send signals to one specific effector Kedua-duanya menghantar isyarat ke satu efektor yang spesifik 40 Diagram 21 shows a chromosomal mutation. Rajah 21 menunjukkan satu mutasi kromosom.

Diagram 21

Rajah 21

Which of the following is the type of change in the chromosomal structure that causes the mutation? Yang manakah antara jenis perubahan pada struktur kromosom yang berikut menyebabkan perubahan ini?

A Deletion

Pelenyapan B Duplication Penggandaan C Inversion Penyongsangan D Translocation Translokasi

E

H

D

G

F

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SULIT 23 4551/1

41 Diagram 22 shows an experiment to investigate the rate of reaction of enzyme pepsin on albumen.

Rajah 22 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas enzim pepsin ke atas albumen.

Diagram 22 Rajah 22 The pepsin took 15 minutes to digest 0.25g of albumen at 200C. How much albumen will be digested in 15 minutes at 30°C? Pepsin mengambil masa selama 15 minit untuk mencernakan 0.25g albumen pada

200C. Berapa banyak albumen akan dicernakan dalam masa 15 minit pada suhu 30°C? A 0.0 g B 0.15 g C 0.25 g D 0.50 g 42 Table 2 shows the menu taken by a 10-year-old boy. Jadual 2 menunjukkan menu yang diambil oleh seorang kanak-kanak lelaki berusia

10 tahun.

Table 2 Jadual 2

Which of the following health problem may occur if he continuosly taking this menu for a long time?

Yang manakah antara masalah kesihatan berikut akan berlaku sekiranya dia terus mengambil menu ini untuk jangka masa yang panjang?

Breakfast: Sarapan:

White bread Roti putih

Butter Mentega

Full cream milk Susu penuh krim

Lunch:

Makan tengah hari: Rice Nasi

Steamed fish Ikan kukus Plain water Air kosong

Pepsin solution Larutan pepsin

Albumen Albumen

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SULIT 24 4551/1

A Obesity Obesiti B Gastritis Gastritis C Scurvy Scurvy D Kwashiokor Kwashiokor 43 An experiment was set up to study respiration in organisms. Diagram 23 shows the set up of the experiment. Satu eksperimen telah disediakan untuk mengkaji respirasi dalam organism. Rajah 23 menunjukkan penyediaan eksperimen tersebut.

Diagram 23 Rajah 23

Which of the following will be observed after one hour? Antara berikut yang manakah akan diperhatikan selepas satu jam? A The lime water K turns cloudy because carbon dioxide is released during seed

germination Air kapur K menjadi keruh kerana karbon dioksida dibebaskan semasa percambahan biji benih

B The lime water K turns cloudy because carbon dioxide is needed during photosynthesis. Air kapur K menjadi keruh kerana karbon dioksida diperlukan semasa fotosintesis

C The lime water K remains clear because oxygen is required for seed germination. Air kapur K kekal jernih kerana oksigen diperlukan bagi percambahan biji benih

D The lime water J remains clear because oxygen is released during photosynthesis.

Air kapur J kekal jernih kerana oksigen dibebaskan semasa proses fotosintesis

Germinating seeds Biji benih yang bercambah

Aluminium foil Pembalut aluminium

Air goes in Udara masuk

To filter pump Ke pam penapis

Lime water K Air kapur K

Lime water J Air kapur J

Potasium hydroxide solution Larutan natrium hidroksida

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SULIT 25 4551/1

44 Table 3 shows the result of an experiment to study the population of grasshoppers in an area. Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji populasi belalang di satu kawasan.

Number of captured Bilangan tangkapan

Number of grasshoppers Bilangan belalang

Marked Bertanda

Unmarked Tidak Bertanda

First capture Tangkapan pertama

180

-

Second capture Tangkapan kedua

45 100

Table 3 Jadual 3

What is the estimated population size of the grasshoppers in the area? Apakah anggaran saiz populasi belalang di kawasan tersebut?

A 7 B 180 C 261 D 580

45 Four samples of water were taken from river J,K,L, and M and treated with methylene

blue solution to determine the level of pollution in each river. The results were recorded in Table 4. Empat sampel air telah diambil dari sungai J,K,L, and M dan dirawat dengan larutan

metilena biru untuk menentukan tahap pencemaran setiap sungai. Keputusan direkodkan dalam Jadual 4.

River Sungai

Time taken for the methylene blue solution to decolourise Masa yang diambil untuk larutan metilena biru meluntur

J 1.5 hour / jam K 3.0 hours / jam L 3.5 hours / jam M 5 hours / jam

Table 4 Jadual 4

Based on the result, which river will have the highest population of fish? Berdasarkan keputusan , sungai manakah akan mempunyai populasi ikan yang paling

tinggi?

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SULIT 26 4551/1

A J B K C L D M

46 Diagram 24 shows the set-up of the apparatus to investigate the rate of transpiration in

a plant using a photometer. The observation is recorded in Table 5. Rajah 24 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyiasat kadar transpirasi dalam

tumbuhan menggunakan fotometer. Pemerhatian telah direkodkan dalam Jadual 5.

Diagram 24

Rajah 24

Time / Minute Masa / minit 0 5

Position of air bubble / cm Kedudukan gelembung udara / cm 0 3

Table 5 Jadual 5

What is the rate of transpiration of the plant? Apakah kadar transpirasi tumbuhan itu ? A 0.3 cm minute-1 0.3 cm minit-1 B 3.0 cm minute-1 3.0 minit-1 C 0.6 cm minit-1 0.6 minit-1 D 6.0 cm rninit-1 6.0 minit-1

•

Plant shoot Pucuk tumbuhan

Air bubble Gelembung udara

Ruler Pembaris

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SULIT 27 4551/1

47 Diagram 25 shows muscles in the hind leg of a grasshopper. Rajah 25 menunjukkan otot pada kaki belakang seekor belalang.

Diagram 25 Rajah 25

What happen when the structure J is broken? Apakah yang berlaku jika struktur J cedera? I K cannot pulled towards the body K tidak boleh ditarik ke arah badan II K cannot propels the grasshopper forwards and upwards into the air K tidak boleh menolak belalang ke hadapan dan ke udara III L cannot contract and causes K cannot be folded into a Z shape L tidak boleh mengecut dan menyebabkan K tidak boleh dilipat ke bentuk Z IV K cannot be straightened K tidak boleh menjadi lurus A I and II only I dan II sahaja. B II and III only II dan III sahaja. C II and IV only II dan IV sahaja. D III and IV only III dan IV sahaja.

J

L

K

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SULIT 28 4551/1

48. A medical check-up shows that a patient’s pancreas is damaged and has to be removed. Pemeriksaan perubatan menunjukkan pankreas seorang pesakit rosak dan perlu dibuang

Which of the following should be done by the patient to maintain a normal blood

sugar level? Antara berikut, manakah yang perlu dilakukan oleh pesakit itu untuk mengekalkan

aras gula darah yang normal?

A Taking glucose injections Mengambil suntikan glukosa

B Taking a balanced diet Mengamalkan pengambilan gizi yang seimbang

C Taking insulin and glucagon injections Mengambil suntikan hormon insulin dan glukagon

D Reduce intake of high calory food Mengurangkan pengambilan makanan berkalori tinggi 49 The genotype of a pea plant is RRYy. Which of the following is the possible gamete produced by this pea plant? Genotip satu pokok pea adalah RRYy. Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan gamet yang mungkin dihasilkan oleh pokok

kacang pea ini? A rY B Yy C RY D RR 50 A man with blood group AB married a wife with blood group O. What is the percentage of possibility for the couples to have a child with blood group

AB? Seorang lelaki mempunyai kumpulan darah AB berkahwin dengan seorang isteri yang

berkumpulan darah O. Apakah peratus kebarangkalian untuk pasangan suami-isteri ini mempunyai seorang

anak yang berkumpulan darah AB?

A 0% B 25% C 50% D 100%

END QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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SULIT 29 4551/1

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

MAKLUMAT UNTUK CALON

1. This question paper consists of 50 questions.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50 soalan. 2. Answer all questions.

Jawab semua soalan. 3. Each question is followed by four alternative answers, A, B, C and D. For each question,

choose one answer only. Blacken your answer on the objective answer sheet provided. Tiap-tiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, A, B, C dan D. Bagi setiap soalan, pilih satu jawapan sahaja. Hitam jawapan anda pada kertas jawapan objektif yang disediakan.

4. If you wish to change your answer, erase the blackened mark that you have made. Then

blacken the new answer. Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, padamkan tanda yang telah dibuat. Kemudian hitamkan jawapan yang baru.

5. The diagrams in the questions provided are not drawn to scale unless stated.

Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan. 6. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.

Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram.

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SULIT 4551/2

4551/2 Biologi Kertas 2 September 2011 2 ½ jam

Nama:

Kelas:

NO. KAD PENGENALAN - -

ANGKA GILIRAN

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI JOHOR

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2011 4551/2 BIOLOGI Kertas 2 September 2011 2 ½ jam Dua jam tiga puluh minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU 1. Tulis nama penuh, kelas, nombor kad

pengenalan dan angka giliran anda pada ruang yang disediakan.

2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam

dwibahasa. 3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris

mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa Melayu.

4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan

atau sebahagian soalan anda sama ada dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu.

5. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di

halaman belakang kertas soalan ini.

Untuk kegunaan pemeriksa

Bahagian Soalan Markah

Penuh Markah

diperoleh A 1 12 2 12 3 12 4 12 5 12

B 6 20 7 20 8 20 9 20

Jumlah

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 24 halaman bercetak

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SULIT 2 4551/2

Section A Bahagian A [60 marks]

[60 markah]

Answer all questions in this section Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini

1 Diagram 1 shows the process of synthesis and secretion of extracellular enzymes in a cell. Rajah 1 menunjukkan proses sintesis dan perembesan enzim luar sel di dalam satu sel.

Diagram 1

Rajah 1 (a) Based on Diagram 1, name X and Y. Berdasarkan Rajah 1, namakan X dan Y.

[2 marks]

[2 markah]

2

For Examiner’s

Use

1(a)

Enzyme

Plasma membrane

x:

Nucleus

Y:

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SULIT 3 4551/2

(b) Extracellular enzymes are enzymes which are produced in the cell but secreted from the cell to function externally.

Enzim luar sel adalah enzim-enzim yang dihasilkan di dalam sel tetapi dirembeskan daripada sel untuk berfungsi di luar sel.

(i) Give one example of the cell shown in Diagram 1.

Berikan satu contoh sel di dalam Rajah 1.

………………………………………………………………………………… [1 marks]

[1 markah]

(ii) Explain what will happen to the production of extracellular enzymes if Y

malfunctions. Terangkan apa yang akan berlaku terhadap penghasilan enzim luar sel jika Y tidak berfungsi.

………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks] [2 markah]

(c) Each enzyme has an optimum temperature at which its reaction rate is the fastest. Beyond the optimum temperature, an enzyme is said to be denatured. Setiap enzim mempunyai suhu optimum di mana kadar tindakbalasnya adalah maksimum. Suhu yang melebihi paras optimum akan menyebabkan enzim ternyahasli. Explain the above statement. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks] [2 markah]

2

1(c)

2

1(b)(ii)

1

1(b)(i)

For Examiner’s

Use

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SULIT 4 4551/2

(d) A housewife uses an amylase-based detergent to wash her blood stained clothe. She found out that the stain is not removed. Explain why. Seorang surirumah menggunakan serbuk pencuci berasaskan amylase untuk mencuci bajunya yang terkena kesan darah. Beliau dapati kesan darah masih ada. Terangkan mengapa. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks] [2 markah]

(e) A patient has gallstones that block his bile duct. Explain the effect of this situation on the digestion of lipid. Seorang pesakit mempunyai batu karang yang menyumbat salur hempedunya. Terangkan kesan keadaan ini terhadap pencernaan lipid.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks] [3 markah]

12

Total A1

3

1(e)

2

1(d)

For Examiner’s

Use

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SULIT 5 4551/2

2 Diagram 2 shows a cellular component which is found in palisade mesophyll cells of a leaf.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu komponen sel yang boleh dijumpai dalam sel palisad mesofil dalam daun.

Outside the cell Luar sel

Inside the cell

Dalam sel

Diagram 2 Rajah 2

(a) (i) Name the cellular component in Diagram 2.

Namakan komponen sel dalam Rajah 2.

……….……………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) On Diagram 2, name P and Q. Pada Rajah 2, namakan P dan Q.

[2 marks] [2 markah]

(b) (i) On Diagram 2, draw arrow ( → ) to show the movement of oxygen across the cellular component during day time.

Pada Rajah 2, lukis anak panah ( → ) untuk menunjukkan pergerakan oksigen merentasi komponen sel ini pada waktu siang.

[1 mark] [1 markah]

1

2(b)(i)

2

2(a)(ii)

1

2(a)(i)

Q: P:

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SULIT 6 4551/2

2 (b) (ii)

(b) (ii) Explain the answer in (b) (i). Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b)(i). ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks] [3 markah]

(c) In an experiment, the palisade mesophyll cell is immersed in distilled water for a certain period of time. Dalam satu eksperimen, sel palisad mesofil ini direndamkan di dalam air suling untuk tempoh masa tertentu. (i) Explain what will happen to this cellular component.

Terangkan apa akan berlaku pada komponen sel ini. ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks] [3 markah]

(ii) Draw a labelled diagram of the condition of palisade mesophyll cell after being immersed in the distilled water. Lukis rajah berlabel keadaan sel palisad mesofil setelah direndamkan dalam air suling.

[2 marks] [2 markah]

3

2(c)(i)

3

12

Total A2

For Examiner’s

Use

2(c)(ii)

2

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SULIT 7 4551/2

3 Diagram 3 shows the stages in a cell division. Rajah 3 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat di dalam pembahagian sel.

X Y

Diagram 3 Rajah 3

(a) (i) Name stages X and Y Namakan peringkat-peringkat X dan Y

X: ………………………………………………………………………………… Y: …………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks] [2 markah]

(ii) Based on Diagram 3, state two differences between the chromosomal

behaviour in stage X and stage Y. Berdasarkan Rajah 3, nyatakan dua perbezaan di antara perlakuan kromosom di peringkat X dan peringkat Y. ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks] [2 markah]

2

3(a)(ii)

2

3(a)(i)

For Examiner’s

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SULIT 8 4551/2

(b) Number of chromosome in somatic cells of this organism is 24. Bilangan kromosom di dalam sel somatik organisma ini adalah 24.

(i) State the chromosomal number of each daughter cell produced at the end of the division shown in Diagram 3.

Nyatakan bilangan kromosom di dalam setiap sel anak yang terhasil melalui pembahagian sel di Rajah 3

….……………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark] [1 markah]

(ii) Based on your biological knowledge, give a reason for your answer.

Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi anda, berikan satu sebab untuk jawapan anda.

……………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark] [1 markah]

(iii) Explain one important event that takes place during stage X.

Terangkan satu peristiwa penting yang berlaku semasa peringkat X.

……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks] [2 markah]

3(b)(i)

3(b)(iii)

2

For Examiner’s

Use

3(b)(ii)

1

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SULIT 9 4551/2

(c) Based on Diagram 3, draw one of the daughter cells produced at the end of the division. Berdasarkan Rajah 3, lukiskan salah satu sel anak yang terhasil di akhir pembahagian sel.

[2 marks] [2 markah]

(d) Explain what will happen in human if the chromosomes fail to separate during stage Y. Terangkan apa yang berlaku pada manusia jika kromosom gagal terpisah semasa peringkat Y. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks] [2 markah]

12

Total A3

For Examiner’s

Use

3(c)

2

3(d)

2

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SULIT 10 4551/2

4 Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show the tissues in respiratory system in human and in plant respectively. Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2 masing-masing menunjukkan tisu-tisu dalam sistem respirasi manusia dan tumbuhan.

Diagram 4 .1 Diagram 4.2 Rajah 4.1 Rajah 4.2

(a) (i) State the organ in which the tissue in Diagram 4.1 can be found. Nyatakan organ di mana tisu dalam Rajah 4.1 boleh dijumpai. ………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark] [1 markah]

(ii) State the function of organ stated in (a) (i). Nyatakan fungsi organ yang dinyatakan dalam (a (i). ………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark] [1 markah]

1

4(a)(i)

bronchiole

alveoli

rings of cartilage

Alveoli Alveoli

1

For Examiner’s

Use

Bronchiol Bronkiol

Stomata Stomata

4(b)(ii)

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SULIT 11 4551/2

(b) Explain how gaseous exchange occurs during respiration in Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2.

Terangkan bagaimana pertukaran gas berlaku semasa respirasi dalam Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2.

Gaseous exchange in Diagram 4.1: Pertukaran gas dalam Rajah 4.1: ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………

Gaseous exchange in Diagram 4.2: Pertukaran gas dalam Rajah 4.2:

……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………

[4 marks] [4 markah]

(c) State two differences between tissues in Diagram 4.1and Diagram 4.2. Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara tisu dalam Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2

……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks] [2 markah]

4

For Examiner’s

Use

2

4(c)

4 (b)

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SULIT 12 4551/2

(d) Smokers do not realize that they destroy their respiratory organ during smoking. Explain how this habit will affect the intake of oxygen efficiency. Perokok tidak sedar bahawa mereka akan merosakkan organ respirasi semasa merokok. Terangkan bagaimana tabiat ini boleh mempengaruhi kecekapan pengambilan oksigen. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………

[4 marks] [4 markah]

12

Total A4

4

4(d)

For Examiner’s

Use

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SULIT 13 4551/2

5 Diagram 5.1 shows a food pyramid: Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan piramid makanan:

Diagram 5.1 Rajah 5.1

(a) P, Q, R and S are the different classes of food that make up the balanced diet. P, Q, R dan S adalah kelas-kelas makanan yang berbeza dalam gizi seimbang.

(i) Name the class of food labeled R

Namakan kelas makanan berlabel R ………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark] [1 markah]

(ii) State the functions of food in R Nyatakan fungsi makanan di dalam R ………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark] [1 markah]

2

For Examiner’s

Use

P

Q

R

s

Lipid, salt and sugar Lemak, garam dan gula

Meat, chicken, fish and milk Daging, ayam, ikan dan susu

Fruits and vegetables Buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran

Rice, bread, noodle and potatoes Nasi, roti, mee dan kentang

5 (a)

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SULIT 14 4551/2

(b) Junk food is food that is high in sugar, salt and fat. Explain the health problems faced by individual who continuously taken this food. Makanan rapu adalah makanan yang tinggi kandungan gula, garam dan lemak. Terangkan masalah kesihatan yang dihadapi oleh individu yang mengambil makanan ini secara berterusan.

……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks] [3 markah]

(c) Table 5 shows the type and quantity of food taken by a moderately active adult man

and a boy aged 15 years old. Jadual 5 menunjukkan jenis dan kuantiti makanan yang diambil oleh lelaki dewasa sederhana aktif dan kanak-kanak lelaki berumur 15 tahun.

Type of food Jenis

makanan

Quantity taken/g Kuantiti diambil/g

Energy/kJ per 100g

Tenaga/kJ per 100g

Energy obtained/kJ Tenaga diperolehi/kJ

moderately active adult man Lelaki dewasa sederhana aktif

boy aged 15 years old

Kanak-kanak lelaki berumur

15 tahun

moderately active adult

man Lelaki dewasa

sederhana aktif

boy aged 15 years old Kanak-

kanak lelaki berumur 15

tahun Rice Nasi 300 400 2 000 8000

White bread Roti putih 100 150 1500 1500

Butter Mentega 50 50 3 000 1500 1500

Potato kentang 100 100 500 500 500

Milk Susu 100 200 300 300 600

Banana Pisang 50 100 50 25 50

Chicken Ayam 200 200 800 1600 1600

Total energy obtained Jumlah tenaga diperolehi

Table 5 Jadual 5

For Examiner’s

Use

3

5(b)

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SULIT 15 4551/2

(i) Complete Table 5 by calculating the total energy obtained by each individual. Lengkapkan Jadual 5 dengan menghitung jumlah tenaga yang diperolehi oleh setiap individu.

[2 marks] [2 markah]

(ii) Explain why boy aged 15 years old need more daily energy requirement when compared to moderately active adult man.

Terangkan mengapa budak lelaki berumur 15 tahun memerlukan lebih keperluan tenaga harian berbanding lelaki dewasa yang sederhana aktif.

…………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks] [2 markah]

(d) Diagram 5.2 shows a boy suffering from nutrient deficiency disease.

Diagram 5.2

Rajah 5.2

For Examiner’s

Use

2

5(c)(ii)

5(c)(i)

2

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SULIT 16 4551/2

(i) Identify the deficiency disease shown in Diagram 5.2. Kenalpasti penyakit kekurangan nutrien yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.2.

………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark] [1 markah]

(ii) State the cause of the disease and possible effects on children.

Nyatakan punca penyakit dan kemungkinan kesan yang dialami oleh kanak-kanak.

………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark] [1 markah]

For Examiner’s

Use

3

5 (d)

12

Total A5

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SULIT 17 4551/2

Section B Bahagian B

[40 marks]

[40 markah]

Answer any two questions from this section. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

6 (a) Diagram 6.1 show the asexual reproduction carried out by Amoeba sp.

Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan pembiakan aseks yang dijalankan oleh Amoeba sp.

Diagram 6.1

Rajah 6.1

Describe the process shown in Diagram 6.1. Huraikan proses yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.1.

[4 marks] [4 markah]

(b)

Amoeba sp. is a unicellular organism which lives in fresh water environment. Although Amoeba sp. is made up of only a single cell, it can perform all living processes. Amoeba sp. adalah satu organisma unisel yang hidup dalam persekitaran air tawar. Walau pun Amoeba sp. dibentuk oleh hanya satu sel, ia boleh melakukan semua proses kehidupan.

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SULIT 18 4551/2

Explain the living process that enable Amoeba sp. to survive in fresh water which is hypotonic to the cytoplasmic fluid of Amoeba sp. Terangkan proses kehidupan yang membolehkan Amoeba sp. untuk terus hidup dalam air tawar yang hipotonik kepada cecair sitoplasma Amoeba sp.

[6 marks] [6 markah]

(c) Diagram 6.2 shows a human organ which is involved in regulating body

temperature. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu organ manusia yang terlibat dalam pengawalan suhu badan.

Diagram 6.2

Rajah 6.2

Based on Diagram 6.2, explain how the animal tissues are organised to form the organ in Diagram 6.2 and their roles in regulating body temperature during a hot day. Berdasarkan Rajah 6.2, terangkan bagaimana tisu haiwan diorganisasi untuk membentuk organ dalam Rajah 6.2 dan peranan mereka dalam mengawal suhu badan dalam satu hari yang panas.

[10 marks] [10 markah]

7 (a) Explain why the fertilisation process in flowering plant is known as double fertilisation.

Terangkan mengapa proses persenyawaan pada tumbuhan berbunga dipanggil persenyawaan gandadua.

[4 marks] [4 markah]

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(b) Diagram 7.1 shows the formation of the embryo sac in a flowering plant. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan pembentukan pundi embrio dalam tumbuhan berbunga.

Diagram 7.1

Rajah 7.1

Based on Diagram 7.1 describe how the formation of the embryo sac occurs. Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, huraikan bagaimana pembentukan pundi embrio terjadi.

[6 marks] [6 markah]

Embryo sac Pundi embrio

Mature embryo sac

Pundi embrio matang

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SULIT 20 4551/2

(c) Diagram 7.2 shows male and female reproductive organs of a plant. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan organ pembiakan jantan dan organ pembiakan betina bagi tumbuhan.

Diagram 7.2 Rajah 7.2

Based on the diagram, describe how double fertilization occurs in the plant.

Berdasarkan rajah, huraikankan bagaimana persenyawaan gandadua berlaku dalam tumbuhan tersebut.

[10 marks] [10 markah]

Anther Anter Stamen

Stamen Stigma

Ovary Ovari

Pollen tube Tiub debunga

Male reproductive organ Organ pembiakan jantan

Female reproductive organ Organ pembiakan betina

Embryo sac Pundi

Filament filamen

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SULIT 21 4551/2

8 (a) Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 show the impact of human activities to the quality of natural environment. Rajah 8.1 dan Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan impak aktiviti manusia ke atas kualiti alam semulajadi.

Diagram 8.1

Rajah 8.1

Diagram 8.2

Rajah 8.2

Dissolved in water vapour Larut dalam wap air

Emissions gas from the factories Pembebasan gas dari kilang-kilang

Ultraviolet rays Sinaran ultraunggu

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SULIT 22 4551/2

(i) State the phenomena shown in Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2. Nyatakan fenomena yang ditunjukkan di Rajah 8.1 dan Rajah 8.2.

[1 mark] [1 markah]

(ii) Discuss the differences of both environmental phenomena shown in

Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 based on the following aspects:

§ The causes § The effects and § The ways to overcome

Bincangkan perbezaan kedua-dua fenomena alam sekitar yang ditunjukkan di Rajah 8.1 dan Rajah 8.2 berdasarkan kepada aspek-aspek berikut: § Punca § Kesan dan § Cara untuk mengatasi

[10 marks] [10 markah]

(b) Explain the importance of preservation and conservation of tropical rainforest in

Malaysia for the purpose of sustainable management of ecosystem. Terangkan kepentingan pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan hutan hujan tropikal di Malaysia untuk tujuan pengurusan berterusan ekosistem.

[9 marks] [9 markah]

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SULIT 23 4551/2

9 (a) Diagram 9 show three types of neurones in human being. During voluntary action, all types of neurones must be coordinated to react on stimulus. Rajah 9 menunjukkan tiga jenis neuron yang terdapat dalam manusia. Semasa tindakan terkawal, semua jenis neuron akan dikordinasikan untuk bergerakbalas.

Efferent neurone Neuron eferens

Interneurone Interneuron

Afferent neurone Neuron aferens

Diagram 9

Rajah 9 Ahmad is a Johor state goal keeper. Explain how Ahmad is able to push the ball away from the goal post area in the penalty kick. Ahmad adalah penjaga gol negeri Johor. Terangkan bagaimana Ahmad mampu menolak keluar bola dari kawasan tiang gol semasa sepakan penalty.

[10 marks] [10 markah]

(b) Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal environment. The normal

blood sugar concentration in human is 75 – 110 mg/100 ml. Homeostasis adalah pengekalan persekitaran dalam. Aras gula darah yang normal pada manusia adlah 75 – 110 mg/100ml.

Explain how to regulate the blood sugar level in the normal range. Terangkan bagaimana mengawal aras gula dalam darah pada julat normal

[10marks] [10 markah]

END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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SULIT 24 4551/2

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES MAKLUMAT UNTUK CALON

1. This question paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian: Bahagian A dan Bahagian B. 2. Answer all questions in Section A and any two questions from Section B.

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A dan mana-mana dua soalan daripada Bahagian B.

3. The answers to Section A must be written in the space provided in the question paper.

Important steps in any calculation must be shown. Jawapan bagi Bahagian A hendaklah ditulis pada ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan ini.

4. The answers to Section B must be written in separate answering paper. You may use

equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable ways maybe used to clarify your answers. Jawapan bagi Bahagian B hendaklah ditulis pada kertas jawapan berasingan. Anda boleh menggunakan persamaan, rajah, jadual, graf dan cara lain yang sesuai utuk menjelaskan jawapan anda.

5. If you wish to change your answer, neatly cross out the answer that you have done. Then

write down the new answer. Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, batalkan jawapan jawapan yang telah dibuat. Kemudian tulis jawapan yang baru.

6. Marks allocated for each question or part question are shown in brackets.

Markah yang diperuntukkan bagi setiap soalan atau ceraian soalan ditunjukkan dalam kurungan.

7. The time suggested to answer Section A is 90 minutes and Section B is 60 minutes.

Anda dinasihati supaya mengambil masa 90 minit untuk menjawab soalan dalam Bahagian A dan 60 minit untuk Bahagian B.

8. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated.

Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan. 9. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.

Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulatir saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram.

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SULIT 4551/3

4551/3 Biologi Kertas 3 September 2011 1½ jam

Nama:

Kelas:

NO. KAD PENGENALAN - - ANGKA GILIRAN

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI JOHOR

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2011 4551/3 BIOLOGI Kertas 3 September 2011 1 ½ jam Satu jam tiga puluh minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU 1. Tulis nama penuh, kelas, nombor kad

pengenalan dan angka giliran anda pada ruang yang disediakan.

2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.

3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa Melayu.

4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan atau sebahagian soalan anda sama ada dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu.

5. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman belakang kertas soalan ini.

Untuk kegunaan pemeriksa

Kod Pemeriksa:

Soalan Markah Penuh

Markah Diperolehi

1 33 2 17

Jumlah

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 12 halaman bercetak

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SULIT 2 4551/3

Answer all questions. Jawab semua soalan.

1. A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of intraspesific competition

on the growth of paddy seedlings. Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan persaingan intraspesifik terhadap pertumbuhan anak benih padi. Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up of the experiment. Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk eksperimen tersebut.

Tray A Tray B Tray C Kotak A Kotak B Kotak C

Diagram 1

Rajah 1 Step 1 : Three seedling trays are filled with 4 kg of garden soil. Langkah 1 : Tiga kotak semaian diisikan dengan 4 kg tanah kebun. Step 2 : The trays are labeled as A, B and C. Langkah 2 : Kotak-kotak semaian dilabelkan A, B dan C. Step 3 : In tray A, 30 paddy seedlings are seedlinged at a distance of 10 cm intervals. In tray B, 30 paddy seedlings are seedlinged at a distance of 5cm intervals. In tray C, 30 paddy seedlings are seedlinged at a distance of 2cm intervals. Langkah 3 : Dalam kotak A, 30 anak benih padi ditanam pada jarak 10cm berselang seli Dalam kotak B, 30 anak benih padi ditanam pada jarak 5 cm berselang seli, Dalam kotak C, 30 anak benih padi ditanam pada jarak 2 cm berselang seli Step 4 : Each tray is watered daily with the same amount of water for 30 days. Langkah 4 : Setiap kotak semaian disiram tiap-tiap hari dengan jumlah air yang sama banyak untuk 30 hari. Step 5 : After 30 days, remove 10 paddy seedlings randomly from tray A, tray B and tray C. The roots of seedlings are washed and wipe dry. Langkah 5 : Selepas 30 hari, 10 anak benih padi dikeluarkan secara rawak dari kotak A,

kotak B dan kotak C. Akar anak benih dibersih dan dilapkan sehingg kering. Step 6 : The dry weight of the paddy seedlings is recorded in Table 1. Langkah 6 : Berat kering anak benih padi dicatatkan dalam Jadual 1.

x 10 cm x x x x x x x x

x 5cm x x x x x x x x x x x

x x 2cm x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

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SULIT 3 4551/3

(a) Record the dry weight of the paddy seedlings in the boxes provided in Table 1. Rekodkan berat kering anak benih padi di dalam kotak yang disediakan dalam Jadual 1.

[3 marks] [3 markah]

Distance between paddy seedlings

Jarak antara anak benih padi (cm)

Dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings / (g) Berat kering 10 anak benih padi / (g)

10

5

g

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SULIT 4 4551/3

Distance between paddy seedlings

Jarak antara anak benih padi (cm)

Dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings / (g) Berat kering 10 anak benih padi / (g)

2

Table 1 Jadual 1

3

1(a)

For Examiner’s

Use

g

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SULIT 5 4551/3

(b) (i) State two different observations made from Table 1. Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang berbeza yang dibuat daripada Jadual 1.

Observation 1 : Pemerhatian 1 :

__________________________________________________________

Observation 2 : Pemerhatian 2 :

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

[3 marks] [3 markah]

(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1 (b) (i). Nyatakan inferens yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di 1 (b) (i).

Inference from observation 1 : Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1 :

__________________________________________________________

Inference from observation 2 : Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2 : __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

[3 marks] [3 markah]

3

1(b)(ii)

3

1(b)(i)

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SULIT 6 4551/3

(c) Complete Table 2 based on this experiment Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksprimen ini

Variable

Pembolehubah Method to handle the variable

Cara mengendali pembolehubah Manipulated variable

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi

________________________

Responding variable Pembolehubah bergerakbalas

________________________

Constant variable

Pembolehubah dimalarkan

________________________

Table 2 Jadual 2

[3 marks] [3 markah]

(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment. Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

[3 marks] [3 markah]

For Examiner’s

Use

3

1(c)

3

1(d)

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SULIT 7 4551/3

(e) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment.

Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam eksperimen ini.

Your table should have the following title. Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut.`

Ø Distance between paddy seedlings

Jarak antara anak benih padi

Ø Dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings Berat kering 10 anak benih padi

Ø Growth rate of paddy seedling

Kadar pertumbuhan anak benih padi

Growth rate =Dry weigth of paddy seedling

Number of days

𝐾𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑛 =𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡 𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑖ℎ 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑖

𝐵𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖

[3 marks] [3 markah]

3

1(e)(i)

For Examiner’s

Use

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SULIT 8 4551/3

(ii) Use the graph paper provided on page 7 to answer this part of question. Using the data in 1(e)(i), draw the graph of the growth rate of paddy seedlings against the distance between paddy seedling Gunakan kertas graf yang disediakan dalam di muka surat 7 untuk menjawab soalan bahagian ini. Menggunakan data 1(e)(i), lukiskan graf kadar pertumbuhan anak benih padi melawan jarak antara anak benih padi.

[3 marks] [3 markah]

3

1(e)(ii)

For Examiner’s

Use

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SULIT 9 4551/3

(f) Based on the graph in 1 (e) (ii) , explain the relationship between the growth rate

of paddy seedling and distance between seedling. Berdasarkan kepada graf di 1 (e) (ii), terangkan hubungan antara kadar perumbuhan anak benih padi dengan jarak antara anak benih. _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

[ 3 marks] [3 markah]

(g) This experiment is repeated by increasing the distance between the paddy seedlings to 20 cm. Predict the observation. Explain your prediction. Eksperimen ini diulang dengan menambah jarak antara anak benih padi pada 20cm. Ramalkan pemerhatian. Terangkan ramalan anda. _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

[ 3 marks] [3 markah]

(h) Based on the result from the experiment, what is the operational definition of intraspesific competition? Berdasarkan keputusan daripada eksperimen ini, apakah definisi secara operasi persaingan intraspesifik? _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

[ 3 marks] [3 markah]

For Examiner’s

Use

3

1(f)

3

1(g)

3

1(h)

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SULIT 10 4551/3

(i) When resources are in limited supply, organisms living in the same habitat will compete for the same resources. The following is a list of the resources. Apabila sumber-sumber menjadi terhad, organisma hidup di habitat yang sama akan bersaing untuk sumber yang sama. Berikut ialah senarai sumber-sumber tersebut.

Food Space Light Makanan Ruang Cahaya

Water Breeding mate

Air Pasangan mengawan

In Table 3, classify the resources given, according to what are the resources competed by animals and resources competed by plants. Dalam Jadual 3, klasifikasikan sumber-sumber yand diberi, mengikut apakah sumber-sumber yang disaingi oleh haiwan dan sumber-sumber yang disaingi oleh tumbuhan.

Table 3 Jadual 3

[3 marks] [3 markah]

Resources competed by animal Sumber-sumber yang disaingi oleh

haiwan

Resources competed by plant Sumber-sumber yang disaingi oleh

tumbuhan

3

1(i)

For Examiner’s

Use

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SULIT 11 4551/3

2. Transpiration is the loss of water vapour by living plants through evaporation to the environment. The rate of transpiration is affected by external conditions. Transpirasi adalah proses kehilangan wap air oleh tumbuhan hidup melalui sejatan ke persekitaran. Kadar transpirasi ini dipengaruhi oleh keadaan luaran. Based on the given information, plan a laboratory experiment to study the effect of wind speed on the rate of transpiration in a plant. Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi, rekabentuk satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji kesan laju angin ke atas kadar transpirasi dalam satu tumbuhan

. The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects: Perancangan eksperimen anda hendaklah meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:

· Problem statement Penyataan masalah · Variables

Pembolehubah-pembolehubah · Hypothesis Hipotesis · List of materials and apparatus Senarai bahan dan radas digunakan · Experimental procedure Prosedur eksperimen · Presentation of data Cara data dipersembahkan

END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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SULIT 12 4551/3

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES MAKLUMAT UNTUK CALON

1. This question paper consists of two questions. Answer all questions. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua soalan. Jawab semua soalan. 2. Write your answers for Question 1 in the spaces provided in the question paper. Tuliskan jawapan bagi Soalan 1 dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan. 3. The answers for Question 2 must be written in separate answering paper. You may use

equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer. Jawapan bagi Soalan 2 hendaklah ditulis pada kertas jawapan berasingan. Anda boleh

menggunakan persamaan, gambar rajah, jadual, graf dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan jawapan anda.

4. Show your working, it may help you to get marks. Tunjukkan kerja mengira, ini membantu anda mendapatkan markah. 5. If you wish to change your answer, neatly cross out the answer that you have done. Then

write down the new answer. Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, batalkan jawapan jawapan yang telah dibuat.

Kemudian tulis jawapan yang baru. 6. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated. Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan. 7. Mark allocated for each questions or part question are shown in brackets. Markah yang diperuntukkan bagi setiap soalan atau ceraian soalan ditunjukkan dalam

kurungan. 8. The time suggested to answer Question 1 is 45 minutes and Question 2 is 45 minutes. Masa yang dicadangkan untuk menjawab Soalan 1 ialah 45 minit dan Soalan 2 ialah 45

minit. 9. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator. Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram. 10. Hand in all your answer sheets at the end of the examination. Serahkan kertas soalan ini di akhir peperiksaan.

Marks awarded / Pemberian markah:

Score/ Skor Description / Penerangan

3 Excellent : The best response Cemerlang : Respons yang paling baik

2 Satisfactory : An average response Memuaskan : Respons yang sederhana

1 Weak : An inaccurate response Lemah : Respons yang kurang tepat

0 No response or wrong response Respons salah atau tiada memberi respons

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SULIT 4551/1(PP)

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI JOHOR

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN

SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2011

BIOLOGI

PERATURAN PERMARKAHAN

Kertas 1

UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA

AMARAN

Peraturan pemarkahan ini SULIT. Kegunaannya khusus untuk pemeriksa yang berkenaan sahaja. Sebarang maklumat dalam

peraturan pemarkahan ini tidak boleh dimaklumkan kepada sesiapa. Peraturan pemarkahan ini tidak boleh dikeluarkan dalam apa-apa bentuk media.

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SULIT 2 4551/1(PP)

BIOLOGY PAPER 1

MARKING SHCEME

Question Answer Question Answer 1 A 26 B 2 A 27 D 3 A 28 D 4 C 29 D 5 A 30 A 6 C 31 D 7 C 32 B 8 D 33 D 9 A 34 B 10 D 35 B 11 A 36 C 12 D 37 D 13 C 38 D 14 C 39 B 15 C 40 C 16 B 41 D 17 A 42 C 18 D 43 A 19 A 44 D 20 D 45 D 21 B 46 C 22 A 47 C 23 C 48 C 24 D 49 C 25 C 50 A

END OF MARKING SCHEME PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN TAMAT

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SULIT 4551/2(PP)

4551/2 Peraturan Pemarkahan Biologi Kertas 2 September 2011

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI JOHOR

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN

SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2011

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

BIOLOGI

Kertas 2

UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA

AMARAN

Peraturan pemarkahan ini SULIT.

Kegunaannya khusus untuk pemeriksa yang berkenaan sahaja. Sebarang maklumat dalam peraturan pemarkahan ini tidak boleh dimaklumkan kepada sesiapa. Peraturan pemarkahan ini

tidak boleh dikeluarkan dalam apa-apa bentuk media.

Peraturan pemarkahan ini mengandungi 15 halaman bercetak

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SULIT 2 4551/2(PP)

BIOLOGY PAPER 2 MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A [60 MARKS]

Question Marking Criteria Marks

1 (a) Able to name X and Y. Answer : X: Ribosome Y: Golgi apparatus

1 1

2

(b) (i) Able to give one example of the cell Answer : Pancreas // Ileum // stomach epithelial cell // salivary cell

1

4

(ii) Able to explain the effect on the production of extracellular enzyme if organelle Y malfunction Sample answers : F: The production of extracellular enzyme is incomplete /

disrupted/ affected. E1: (without Golgi apparatus/ Y), the protein cannot be modified

into extracellular enzyme. E2: Protein cannot be sorted. E3: Extracellular enzyme cannot be released/ transported to the

targeted cell/ organ. [Any 2]

1 1 1 1

(c) Able to explain denaturation of enzyme. Sample answers : E1: High temperatures alter/ change the (three dimensional) shape

of the active site of enzyme molecules. E2: substrates thus can no longer fit into the active sites of the

enzyme. E3: the reaction cannot be carried out// substrate cannot be

hydrolysed. [Any 2 E]

1 1 1

2

(d) Able to explain the reason why the blood stained cannot be removed. Sample answers : E1: Blood is made up of protein.

1

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SULIT 3 4551/2(PP)

E2: Protein is broken down /digested by Protease (enzyme). E3: Therefore the use of Amylase (enzyme) in the detergent

powder would not be effective. [Any two]

1 1

2

(e) Able to explain the effect of blocked bile ducts to the digestion of lipids. Sample answers : E1 Gallstones blocked the secretion of bile. E2 Lipids cannot be emulsified. E3 The rate of lipase reaction will become slower// digestion of

lipids will be disrupted/ is incomplete. E4 The patient might face obesity// become obese.

[Any 3 E]

1 1 1 1

3

TOTAL 12 2 (a) (i) Able to name the cellular component.

Answer : Plasma membrane // cell membrane.

1

3

(ii) Able to name P and Q.

Answer : P: Phospholipid bilayer Q: Carrier Protein

1 1

(b) (i) Able to draw arrow to show the movement of oxygen across this cellular component during day time. Answer Arrow from inside the cell to outside the cell, pass through phospholipid bilayer

1

(ii) Able to explain the answer in (b) (i) Sample answers: E1 – (During day time), photosynthesis occurs in the cell to

produce O2. E2 – O2 diffuses from higher concentration region to lower

concentration region// O2 diffuses by following the concentration gradient.

E3 – O2 is non – polar molecule/ small molecule E4 – O2 diffuses through phospholipid bilayer

[Any 3]

1 1 1 1

3

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SULIT 4 4551/2(PP)

(c) (i) Able to explain what will happen to the cellular component.

Sample answer F – This cellular component / plasma membrane is pushed against

the cell wall. E1 – Distilled water is hypotonic to the cell sap // Cell sap is

hypertonic to distilled water. E2 – Water molecules diffuse into the cell by osmosis E3 – Vacuole expands / swells up.

[Any 3]

1 1 1 1

3

(ii) Able to draw a labeled diagram of the condition of palisade mesophyll cell after being immersed in the distilled water. Sample answer D – The shape of the cell must be rectangular.

The cell wall is drawn with double line The vacuole must be large L – Label vacuole

*Reject other shape of the cell

1 1

2

TOTAL 12 3 (a) (i) Able to name stages X and Y.

Answer: X : Prophase I Y: Metaphase I

1 1

2

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SULIT 5 4551/2(PP)

(ii) Able to state two differences between chromosomal behaviour at

X and Y Answer:

PROPHASE 1 METAPHASE 1 D1- Homologous chromosomes are arranged randomly

Homologous chromosomes are arranged on the metaphase plate/ equatorial plane

D2- The centromeres of the chromosomes are not hold by/ attached to any spindle fibre.

The centromeres of the chromosomes are hold by/ attached to the spindle fibres.

D3- Crossing over takes place between the non-sister chromatids

Crossing over has already taken place between the non-sister chromatids

[Any 2]

1 1 1

2

(b) (i) Able to state the chromosome number in each of the daughter cell produced. Answer : 12 chromosomes

1

(ii) Able to state reason for answer in (b)(i) Sample answer: E2: During meiosis, the cell undergoes two nuclear divisions but

the chromosomes /DNA of each chromosome only replicates once.

E3: Each daughter cell receives half the number of chromosomes from the parent cell.

[Any 1 E]

1 1

2

(iii) Able to explain one important event that takes place during stage X Sample answers: F1: Crossing over E1: An exchange of segments of DNA between non-sister

chromatids of homologous chromosomes. E2: which results in new combinations of genes on a chromosome

[Any 2]

1 1 1

2

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SULIT 6 4551/2(PP)

(c) Able to draw one daughter cell produced at the end of the meiotic

division. Any one daughter cell with the correct combination of chromosome Correct drawing of chromosome (number and combination) – D1√ Correct drawing of the cell (chromosomes are enclosed in a nuclear membrane) – D2√

1 1

2

(d) Able to explain the effect in a human if the chromosomes fail to separate during stage Y. Sample answer: E1: One of the daughter cells produced might contain one extra

chromosome / one lesser chromosome E2: During fertilization, if the cell with an extra/ lesser

chromosome fuses with a normal sperm, the zigote shall contain one extra/ 47 // one lesser / 45 chromosomes

E3: producing Down’s / Klinefelter’s // Turner’s Syndrome baby / offspring

[Any two]

1 1 1

2

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SULIT 7 4551/2(PP)

TOTAL 12 4 (a) (i) Able to state organ in which the tissue in Diagram 4.1 can be

found. Answer : Lungs

1

2

(ii) Able to state the function of organ named in (a)(i). Sample answer: Gaseous exchange // respiration.

1

(b) Able to explain how gaseous exchange occurs during respiration in Diagram 4.1 and 4.2. Sample answer for Diagram 4.1: F1: Oxygen diffuses from alveolus into blood capillaries. E1: Oxygen concentration/ partial pressure in alveolus is higher than in blood capillaries. F2: Carbon dioxide diffuses from blood capillaries to the alveolus. E2: Carbon dioxide concentration/ partial pressure in blood capillaries is higher than in alveolus.

[Max 2] Sample answer for Diagram 4.2: F1: Oxygen diffuses into mesophyll cells. E1: Oxygen diffuses into the spaces between mesophyll cells through stoma. F2: Carbon dioxide diffuses out from the space (between cells/

mesophyll cells) in the leaves to the atmosphere. E2: Carbon dioxide concentration/ partial pressure in blood capillaries is higher than in alveolus.

[Max 2]

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2

(c) Able to state two differences between tissue in Diagram 4.1 and tissue in Diagram 4.2 Sample answer:

Tissue in Diagram 4.1 (Human)

Tissue in Diagram 4.2 (Plant)

D1- Alveolus Leaf D2- Carry out respiration Carry out photosynthesis

D3- Absent of chlorophyll Presence of chlorophyll

[Any 2 D]

1 1 1

2

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SULIT 8 4551/2(PP)

(d) Able to explain how smoking affect the intake of oxygen Sample answers: E1: Carbon monoxide. E2: bind with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin E3: less oxygen combines with haemoglobin. E4: tobacco tar will be deposited/ logged/ accumulated (inside the

lungs) E5: reduce diffusion of oxygen E6: Heat from the smoke E7: Dry the surface of the alveoli E8: Oxygen cannot be dissolved

[Any 4]

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

4

TOTAL 12 5 (a) (i) Able to name the class of food labeled R

Answer Roughage / dietary fibre

1

2

(ii) Able to state the functions of R Answer aids/stimulates peristalsis//prevent constipation//absorbing and eliminating toxic substances

1

(b) Able to state the health problems Answer P1. Overconsumption of salt (sodium) causes high blood pressure leading to heart disease /stroke P2. Overconsumption of sugar causes overweight/obesity //diabetes//dental caries P3. Overconsumption of lipid causes obesity//cardiovascular diseases

1 1 1

3

(c) (i) Able to calculate the energy obtained by each individual Answer Moderately active adult man Rice: 6000 Total energy obtained: 11425 Boy aged 15 years old White bread: 2250 Total energy obtained: 14500

1 1

2

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SULIT 9 4551/2(PP)

(ii) Able to explain why boy aged 15 years old need more daily

energy requirement compare to moderately active adult man Answer P1. Boy aged 15 years old is more active compare to moderately active adult man. P2. Boy aged 15 years old still undergoing growth process

1 1

2

(d) (i) Able to identifiy the deficiency disease Answer Rickets

1

3

(ii) Able to state the cause of the disease and posible effects in children Answer Cause: lack of vitamin D / calciuferol Posible effects in children: bent leg

1 1

TOTAL 12

SECTION B [40 MARKS]

Question Marking Criteria Marks

6 (a) Able to describe the process shown in Diagram 6.1. Sample answer P1 – The process is binary fission P2 – When Amoeba sp. has grown to certain size P3 – The nucleus divide by mitosis P4 – Then the cytoplasm divides // Cytokinesis occurs P5 – Form 2 genetically identical Amoeba sp.

[Any 4]

1 1 1 1 1

4

(b) Able to explain the living process that enable Amoeba sp. to survive in fresh water which is hypotonic to the cytoplasmic fluid of Amoeba sp. Sample answer P1 – The living process is osmoregulation P2 – Osmoregulation in Amoeba sp. involved contractile vacuole P3 – Fresh water is hypotonic to Amoeba sp. P4 – Water diffuses into Amoeba sp. by osmosis. P5 – Water fills the contractile vacuole to its maximum size

1 1 1 1 1

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SULIT 10 4551/2(PP)

P6 – Contractile vacuole contract P7 – Expel the water out of the Amoeba sp. P8 – Thus, Amoeba sp. does not burst

[Any 6]

1 1 1

6

(c) Able to explain how the animal tissues are organised to form the organ in Diagram 6.2 and their roles in regulating body temperature during a hot day. Sample answer P1 – This organ is skin P2 – Skin consists of epithelial tissues, nerve tissues, muscle

tissues and connective tissues(at least two types of tissues) P3 – Epithelial tissues specialised to form sweat gland P4 – Sweat gland secrete sweat during hot day P5 – Epithelial tissues specialised to form hair follicle/produce

hair P6 – Muscle tissues found in skin is erector muscle P7 – (During hot day), erector muscle relax, hair lies flat P8 – Muscle tissues (found at wall of arteriole) is smooth muscle P9 – Smooth muscle relax during hot day P10 – Connective tissues found in the skin is blood tissues P11 – When smooth muscle of arteriole relax, more blood flow to the skin P12 – more heat is lost P13 – Nerve tissues is the receptor P14 – Receptor detect the increase of the temperature P15 – The function of the skin is to lower the body temperature to

normal [Any 10]

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10

TOTAL 20 7 (a) Able to explain double fertilization

Sample answer: P1: Because there are two fertilizations. P2: First fertilization happen when one of the male gamete fuses with the egg cell P3: to form zygote (2n) P4: The second fertilization happens when the other male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei P5: to form a triploid nucleus (3n) / endosperm

[Any 4]

1 1 1 1 1

4

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SULIT 11 4551/2(PP)

(b) Able to describe how the formation of the embryo sac process occurs. Sample answer : P1: The ovule develops from the ovarian tissue. P2: It has an embryo sac mother cell (2n). P3: The embryo sac mother cell (2n) undergoes meiosis P4: to form a row of four haploid cells / megaspores (n) P5: Three of four megaspores die, leaving one megaspore in the ovule P6 : The nucleus of the megaspore then undergoes mitosis three times P7: to form 8 haploid nuclei. P8: 3 of 8 nuclei migrate to one end of the cell to form antipodal cells P9: Another 2 nuclei, called the pollar nuclei, move to the centre. P10: 1 of the 3 nuclei (nearest the opening of the ovule / micropyle) develops into an egg cell / female gamete, P11: flanked by 2 synergid cells (The structure formed is known as the embryo sac – where the embryo will develop.)

[Any 6]

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

6

(c) Able to describe how double fertilization occurs in a plant. Sample answers: P1: Megaspores (n) / haploid cells / tetrad develop into pollen grains P2: The nucleus of each megaspore (n) / haploid cell / divides by mitosis P3: to form one tube nucleus and one generative nucleus P4: (When a pollen grain falls on the stigma,) the secretion of sucrose solution on the stigma P5: stimulates (the pollen grain to germinate to) form pollen tube P6: (During the growth of pollen tube) the generative nucleus divides mitotically P7: to produce two male gametes. P8: the two male gametes move/follow behind the tube nucleus (down the pollen tube until they) reach the micropyle (and enter ovule for double fertilisation) P9: the tube nucleus disintegrates P10: and the two male gametes enter the embryo sac. P11: (During double fertilisation) one male gamete fuses with the egg cell/ovum P12: to form a diploid zygote and P13: the other male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

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SULIT 12 4551/2(PP)

P14: to form a triploid nucleus (so double fertilization occurs ) [Any 10]

1 1

10

TOTAL 20 8 (a) Able to explain the differences between the two human activities

Criteria: 1. State the types of phenomena 2. C: Differences in the causes 3. E: Differences in the effects 4. S: Differences in the ways to overcome Sample answers:

Diagram 8.1 Diagram 8.2 F1: (The phenomenon is) acid rain

(The phenomenon is) thinning / depletion of ozone layer

The causes C1: Combustion / Burning of fossil fuels in power stations / factories / motor vehicles

Coolants in air conditioners and refrigerators / propellants in aerosol cans / insulating foam

C2: release sulphur dioxide / SO2 and oxides of nitrogen / NO and NO2

Release chlorofluorocarbon / CFC molecules

C3: Form sulphuric acid and nitric acid when combine with water vapour

Ultraviolet radiation (strikes a chlorofluorocarbon / CFC molecules and causes a chlorine atom to break away // breaks the bond to release the chlorine atom

C3: Fall to Earth as acid rain / snow / hail / fog / frost / dew

Chlorine atom (collides and) destroys the ozone molecule (to form chlorine monoxide and oxygen molecule)

[any 2 C = 4 m] The effects

Agriculture: E1: Leaching of minerals // the soil become acidic

Leaf cells and chlorophyll are damaged by ultraviolet rays // lower the rate of photosynthesis // reduce crop yield

Aquatic ecosystem: E2: Increase acidity in the aquatic ecosystem // kill phytoplankton // destroyed photosynthetic tissues //

Ultraviolet rays kill microorganisms / phytoplankton // destroy // disrupt the marine food chain

1 2 2 2 2 2 2

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SULIT 13 4551/2(PP)

accumulate insoluble aluminium ions in lakes and rivers which kill aquatic organisms Health: E3: Acidic soil releases ions of certain heavy metals / contaminate the supply of drinking water // irritate the lungs / make breathing difficult / asthma / bronchitis.

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation lead to skin cancer / melanoma / cataract / weakened the immune system

E4: Corrode metal railing / bridges / damage buildings / statues / automobiles / structures made of stone / metal / historic buildings

Greenhouse effect/ global warming// damage the eggs of certain amphibians// wind patterns change// climatic changes

[Any 2 E = 2 m] The ways to overcome / Solutions

S1: Use scrubbers (to clean up emissions from power stations and industrial plants)

Reduce / stop / ban the use of Chlorofluorocarbon/ CFC

S2: Use catalytic converters (to clean up emissions from vehicle exhausts)

the world comply with the Montreal Protocol to reduce the use of CFCs (to cut the use of CFC’s in half by the year 1997)

[Any S = 1 m]

[All C, E and S are independent]

2 2 2 2

11

(b) Able to explain the importance of sustainable management of tropical rainforest. Criteria: 1. Sustainable management of tropical rainforest 2. Explain the importance of conservation and

preservation Sample answers F1: Replanting trees in areas that have been logged // reforestation E1: to keep the ecosystems in their natural state (which provides aesthetic values for humans) // preserve natural resources for outdoor/ recreational activities // eco-tourism // reduce stress // promote healthy life style E2: to maintain soil fertility

1 1 1

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SULIT 14 4551/2(PP)

E3: to prevent flood/ soil erosion / landslide/ (muddy) flood/ (flash) flood E4: to avoid species extinction// to prevent extinction of flora and fauna/ organisms/ species E5: As an economic resource// source of raw materials for construction industry / piling / furniture / boats / houses / production of charcoal / tannin / food / other suitable example // provide foods to human // resources for study / education / research F2: Selective logging E5: to maintain a balanced ecosystem// to allow maximum interaction among the living organisms/ biotic factors (in the ecosystem) and interaction between biotic and abiotic factors E6: to maintain major sources of human food / e.g: ulam / ferns / Meats / honey // sources of medicinal plant / eg: herbs E7: to sustain food web / food chain in the ecosystem E8: to prevent disruption of natural cycle of water / carbon / balance between photosynthesis and respiration // balance oxygen and CO2 in the atmosphere // provide O2 // reduce CO2 E9: to decrease the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere // to reduce the greenhouse effect/ global warming E10: to maintain the biodiversity of the forest// maintaining / increasing biodiversity / complexity / variety of organisms / species / flora and fauna E11: to avoid lost of wildlife/ potential resources E12: to avoid loss of watershed areas // provide natural water catchment area E13: maintaining (normal) weather (patterns) by minimize climatic change / drought / harsh climate / maintain temperature E14: As a site for breeding / feeding of flora and fauna / serving as valuable nursery area for organisms

[Any 10]

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

9

TOTAL 20 9 (a) Able to explain how to push the ball away.

Sample answer: P1: (moving ) ball is an external stimulus P2: receptor in the eye pick up /detect the ball/ stimulus P3: the receptor trigger/generate nerve impulses P4: the nerve impulse transit from the afferent neurons to the interneurons in the brain P5: The brain interprets the nerve impulse (from interneurons that the ball is moving to goal keeper/ahmad)

1 1 1 1 1

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SULIT 15 4551/2(PP)

P6: The brain decides what to do to stimulus( to catch or push away the coming ball)// coordinate responses P7: Nerves impulses are transmitted from interneurone to efferent neurone across the synapse. P8: Nerves impulses then transmit to muscles (effector) P9: The muscles (in arm /leg) carry out the response P10: Ahmad able to push away the ball from goal post. P11: Impulse is transmitted across the synapse P12: between afferent neuron and interneurone // interneurone and efferent neuron

[any 10]

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10

(b) Able to explain how to regulate blood sugar level in the normal range P1: (The islet cells in the) pancreas secretes insulin a P2: and glucagon P3: directly into blood stream. P4: If the blood sugar level increase / more than 110 mg/100ml, insulin convert excess glucose to glycogen P5: in the liver. P6: Insulin stimulate uptake of glucose by liver/muscle/adipose cell for respiration.. P7: for cell respiration // to obtain energy P8: blood sugar level decrease to normal range P9: If blood sugar level decrease / less than mg/100ml , glucagon convert glycogen to glucose P10: glucagon promotes lipid breakdown P11: to release fatty acid /energy P12: blood sugar level increase to normal range.

[any 10]

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10

TOTAL 20

END OF MARKING SCHEME PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN TAMAT

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SULIT 4551/3(PP)

4551/3 Peraturan Pemarkahan Biologi Kertas 3 September 2011

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI JOHOR

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN

SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2011

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

BIOLOGI

Kertas 3

UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA

AMARAN

Peraturan pemarkahan ini SULIT. Kegunaannya khusus untuk pemeriksa yang berkenaan sahaja. Sebarang maklumat dalam

peraturan pemarkahan ini tidak boleh dimaklumkan kepada sesiapa. Peraturan pemarkahan ini tidak boleh dikeluarkan dalam apa-apa bentuk media.

Peraturan pemarkahan ini mengandungi 13 halaman bercetak

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SULIT 2 4551/3(PP)

QUESTION 1 1 (a) [KB0603 – Measuring Using Numbers]

Marking Criteria Score Able to record all the data correctly. Sample answers:

Distance between paddy seedlings / (cm)

Dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings / (g)

10 41 5 22 2 8

3

Able to record 2 data correctly 2 Able to record 1 data correctly 1 Not able to respond / wrong response. 0 *Note: Accept any dry weight values between 40 – 42, 21 – 23 and 7 – 9 1 (b) (i) [KB0601 – Observation]

Marking criteria Score Criteria : P1 : Distance between paddy seedlings P2 : Dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings Sample answers for accurate observation (P1 + P2): [horizontal observation] - At distance 10 cm, the dry weight of (10 )paddy seedlings is 40 g. - At distance 5 cm, the dry weight of (10 )paddy seedlings is 22 g. - At distance 2 cm, the dry weight of (10) paddy seedlings is 8 g.

[vertical observation] - The dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings for distance 10 cm is higher than at

distance 5cm / 2 cm // vice versa. Sample answer for inaccurate observation (only P1 / P2): - At distance 10 cm , the dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings is highest. - At distance 5 cm , the dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings is low - At distance 2 cm, the dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings is the lowest. Sample answer for idea level :

Use the scoring

summary provided.

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SULIT 3 4551/3(PP)

- Distance influences dry weight of paddy seedlings. - The dry weight of paddy seedlings is different for each distance. Scoring summary:

Able to state Score One accurate observation And One accurate observation 3 One accurate observation And One Inaccurate observation 2

One Inaccurate observation And One Inaccurate observation One accurate observation And One Idea level 1 One accurate observation And One Wrong observation

One Inaccurate observation And One Idea level One Idea level And One Idea level

One Inaccurate observation And One Wrong observation 0 One Idea level And One Wrong observation

1 (b) (ii) [KB0604 – Making Inference]

Marking criteria Score Able to state the inference for the observations in (b) (i) Criteria : P1 : Growth rate P2 : Intraspesific competition / competition for water / minerals / nutrients / light // more / less water Sample answer for accurate inference : [horizontal inference] - (At distance 10 cm), there is low (intraspesific) competition so the growth (rate)

of paddy plant is high. - (At distance 5 cm), there is low/high (intraspesific) competition so the growth

(rate) of paddy plant is high/low. - (At distance 2 cm), there is high (intraspesific) competition so the growth (rate)

of paddy plant is low. [vertical inference] - At distance 10 cm, there is lower intraspesific competition so the growth rate of

paddy plant is higher than at distance 5cm/2 cm // vice versa. Sample answer for inaccurate inference : - (At distance 10 cm), there is low intraspesific competition. - (At distance 10 cm), the growth rate of paddy plant is high. - (At distance 2 cm), the growth rate of paddy plant is low.

Use the scoring

summary provided

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SULIT 4 4551/3(PP)

Sample answer for idea level: - There is competition among the paddy seedlings. Scoring summary:

Able to state Score One accurate inferense And One accurate inferense 3 One accurate inferense And One Inaccurate inferense 2

One Inaccurate inferense And One Inaccurate inferense One accurate inferense And One Idea level 1 One accurate inferense And One Wrong inferense

One Inaccurate inferense And One Idea level One Idea level And One Idea level

One Inaccurate inferense And One Wrong inferense 0 One Idea level And One Wrong inferense

1 (c) [KB0610 – Controlling Variable]

Marking criteria Score Able to state all 3 variables and methods to handle each variable correctly. (6 ticks) Sample answer

Variable Method to handle the variable Manipulated variable: Distance between paddy seedlings

Use different distance between paddy seedling / Use the distances at 10cm, 5 cm, 2 cm.

Responding Variable: Dry weight of paddy seedlings Growth rate

Measure and record dry weight of paddy seedlings using the balance OR Calculate the growth rate using formula

Growth rate =Dry weight of 10 paddy plant

30 days

3

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SULIT 5 4551/3(PP)

Constant variable: Volume garden soil // Type of paddy plant // Size of tray

Fix the volume of garden soil at 4 kg Fix the same type of paddy plant Fix the same size of tray

Able to state 4 – 5 ticks 2 Able to state 2 – 3 ticks 1 No response or incorrect respons or 1 ticks only 0 1 (d) [KB0611 – State Hypothesis]

Marking criteria Score Able to state the hypothesis relating the manipulated variable and the responding variable correctly : P1: manipulated variable ( distance between paddy seedlings) P2: responding variable (dry weight /growth rate of paddy plant) H: relationship of P1 and P2 Sample answer - The further the distance between paddy seedlings, the higher the growth rate

of / dry weigh of paddy plant. - When the distance decrease, the growth rate / dry weight of paddy plant will

be decrease.

3

P1 +P2+H

Able to state a hypothesis relating the manipulated variable and the responding variable but less accurate. Sample answer : - Different distance between paddy seedlings will increase the dry weight of

paddy plant differently. - Distance influence the the growth rate / dry weight of paddy plant.

2

Able to state one idea of a hypothesis. Sample answer - The different distance give intraspesific competition

1

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SULIT 6 4551/3(PP)

No response or incorrect respons. 0 Note: must write rate of 1 (e) (i) [KB0606 – Communicating data ]

Marking criteria Score Able to construct a table correctly with the following aspects T – Title in the table with correct units - 1 mark D – All data collected are correct - 1 mark C – Growth rate calculated are correctly - 1 mark

Distance between paddy seedlings /(cm)

Dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings /(g)

Growth rate / (g/days)

10 41 1.4 // 1.36 5 22 0.7 // 0.73 2 8 0.3 // 0.27

3

Any two correct aspects

2

Any one correct aspects

1

No response or incorrect response

0

Accept any dry weight values between 40 – 42, 21 – 23 and 7 – 9

1 (e) (ii) [KB0607 – Correlating time and space]

Marking criteria Score Able to draw the graph correctly which include the following aspects : ü Correct title with units and scale of x-axis and y-axis – 1 mark ü Transfer all three points correctly – 1 mark ü Correct and line graph (line graph joining the 3 points) – 1 mark

3

Any two correct aspect 2 Any one aspect correct 1 No response or incorrect response 0 1 (f)

Marking criteria Score Able to state the relationship between the growth rate of paddy seedlings and the distance base on criteria:

3

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SULIT 7 4551/3(PP)

R1 – Relationship : when the distance between paddy seedlings increases, the growth rate of Paddy seedlings increases // vice versa E1 – Explanation 1 : lower intraspecific competition / less competition for space / water / nutrient / light E2 – Explanation 2 : dry weight is increase / height increases Sample answer : As distance between paddy seedlings increases the growth rate of paddy seedling increases. This is because there is lower intraspesific competition and cause the dry weight / height of the paddy seedlings to increase. Able to explain the relationship base on any two criteria. Sample answer : When the distance between paddy seedlings increases, the growth rate of paddy plant increases because the intraspesific competition is low.

2

Able to explain the relationship based one criteria only. Sample answer : As distance increases, the growth rate of paddy seedling increases.

1

No response or incorrect respons 0 Note: Explanation 2 can accept more leaves 1 (g) [KB 0605 – Predicting]

Marking criteria Score Able to predict and explain the outcome of the experiment correctly with the following criteria: C1 – the dry weight more than 41 g / increases C2 – because longer distance give more water / nutrient / space / light / the intraspesific competetition decreases C3 – the growth rate of paddy seedling increases Sample answer The dry weight more than 41 g because longer distance give more water / nutrient / space to the paddy seedling. So the growth rate of paddy seedling increases

3

Any two criteria stated 2 Any one criteria stated 1 No response or incorrect response 0

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SULIT 8 4551/3(PP)

1 (h) [KB0609 – Define operationally]

Marking criteria Score Able to define operationally intraspesific competition K1 – paddy plants compete between themselves K2 – in the seedling tray for the limited resources / water / nutrients K3 – The growth rate of paddy/ dry weight of paddy seedlings / competition of paddy is affected by the distance between the seedlings Sample answer : Intraspesific competition is the growth of paddy seedlings in the tray that is shown by the dry weight of paddy seedling .

3

Any two criteria stated 2 Any one criteria stated Theoritical definition (1 mark) Intraspecific competition is competition between organisms/ individuals of the same speicies in the same habitat for the same resources that are limited supply.

1

No response or incorrect response 0 1 (i) [KB 0602 – Classify]

Marking Criteria Score Able to classify the all resources for the organism correcly. Sample answer :

Resources competed by animal Sumber-sumber yang disaingi oleh

haiwan

Resources competed by plant Sumber-sumber yang disaingi oleh

tumbuhan Food Food Water Water Space Space

Breeding mate Light All 8 ticks

3

6-7 ticks 2 3-5 ticks 1 No response or incorrect response 0

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SULIT 9 4551/3(PP)

QUESTION 2 KB 061201 – Identifying Problem Statement

Marking Criteria Score Able to write a problem statement correctly base on 3 criteria: P1: Manipulated variables : wind speed P2: Responding variables : Rate of transpiration / time taken for air bubble to move a distance of 2cm H: Relationship in question form (?).

Sample Answer - Does wind speed affect the rate of transpiration of a plant? - How does wind speed affect the rate of transpiration of a plant? - What is the effect of wind speed on the rate of transpiration?

3

Able to write a problem statement but less correctly base on 2 criteria. Sample Answer - The rate of transpiration is affected by the wind speed. - What is the effect of wind speed on the rate of transpiration.

2

Able to give an idea about the problem statement base on 1 criteria Sample Answer - Wind speed affect the transpiration of a plant. - Transpiration is influenced by wind speed.

1

No response or incorrect response 0 Variables

Marking Criteria Score Able to state all the three variables correctly Sample Answer Manipulated variable Wind speed Responding variable The Time taken for the air bubble to move at a

distance of 2 cm // The rate of transpiration

3

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SULIT 10 4551/3(PP)

Constant variable - Type of plant / balsam plant - Relative humidity - Temperature - High intensity

Each variable 1 mark KB 061202 - Hypothesis

Marking Criteria Score Able to state the hypothesis based on the following criteria P1 – Manipulated variable :Wind speed / Fan Speed / Distance of fan P2 – Responding variable : Rate of transpiration / time taken for the air bubble to move at a distance of 2 cm distance R – Relationship : Increase/decrease / higher / shorter

Sample Answer - The higher the wind speed / closer the distance of fan, the higher the rate of

transpiration of a plant. - The higher the wind speed, the shorter time taken of air bubble to move for

2 cm distance - When the wind speed increases the rate of transpiration increases -

3

Able to write a hypothesis based on any 2 criteria. Sample Answer - When the wind speed increases the rate of transpiration increases - The higher the wind speed, the higher the transpiration of a plant - The wind speed affects the rate of transpiration of a plant.

2

Able to write a hypothesis at idea level/ based on P1/ P2. Wrong concept Sample Answer - Wind speed affect / influence the transpiration of a plant - Rate of transpiration affects the wind speed

1

No response or incorrect response 0 Note: hypothesis with wrong theory is accepted

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SULIT 11 4551/3(PP)

KB061206 – Materials and apparatus

Marking Criteria Score Able to list all materials and apparatus needed to carry out the experiment successfully. Sample Answer Apparatus (A): photometer, stopwatch, cutter, beaker, meter ruler, basin, marker / thread Materials (M): balsam plant/any suitable leafy plant , water, Vaseline / grease, dry cloth

7 A + 4 M

3

Any 5 to 6 A + 3 M 2 Any 3 to 4 A + 2 M 1

Incomplete list or wrong or no response

2 A + 1 M 1 A + 1 M

0

KB 061204 – Procedure

Marking Criteria Score Able to write all the steps in carrying out the experiment successfully. K1 : Steps to set up the apparatus (any 5 ) K2 : Steps to handle the fixed variable (any 1) K3 : Steps to handle the responding variable (any 1) K4 : Steps to handle the manipulated variable K5 : Precautionary steps / steps taken to get accurate results / readings

All 5K present 3 Any 3 to 4K present 2 Any 2K present 1 No response or incorrect response 0

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SULIT 12 4551/3(PP)

Sample answer for Prodecure

Procedure K’s

The leafy shoot is selected from a plant and cut off the shoot using a sharp knife.

K1

Insert the cut end of the leafy shoot into the hole in the cork of the potometer under water K1 Introduce an air bubble in the capillary tube K1 The photometer is sealed using vaseline to make apparatus airtight. K5 Mark two points at a distance 2 cm (using a marker / thread). K1

K2 Wipe the leaves and the apparatus dry by using a dry cloth K5 Turn on the fan using fan speed 1. The fan speed is recorded.

K1

Using stop watch, the time taken for the air bubble to move a distance of 2 cm is recorded in a table

K3

Calculate the rate of transpiration by using the formula

Rate of transpiration =1

time(min) or

length(cm)time(min)

K3

Repeat the experiment by using the same leafy shoot but with fan speed 2, fan speed 3 and with the fan turned off.

K2 K4

All data is recorded in table K1 The experiment is repeated to get average readings K5

Fan

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SULIT 13 4551/3(PP)

Communicating data

Marking Criteria Score Able to draw a complete table to record the relevant data base on the 2 criteria: - Titles for operating MV and operating RV with units: Wind speed and Time

taken for air bubble to move a distance of 2 cm (min) - Responding Variable with unit: Rate of transpiration (min-1) Sample Answer

Wind speed Time taken for air bubble to move a

distance of 2 cm (min)

Rate of transpiration

(cm min-1) or (min-1) 0 1 2 3

2

Any one criteria 1 No response or incorrect response 0

END OF MARKING SCHEME PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN TAMAT

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