chemistry form 4 - salt

Prepared byMOHD KHAIRUL ABADI BIN PUTEH

SMK RAJA JUMAAT

A+ sasaranku……………..

Jadi……….berikan tumpuan sepenuhnya

IMPORTANCE FORMULAEElectrochemical Series (Cations)

Electrochemical Series (Anions)Reactivity SeriesGas and characteristics

ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES - CATIONS

‘Kalau Nak Cari Mangkuk Aladdin, Zon Felda

Sediakan Pelumba Haram, Cuba Hubungi Abang Aku’

‘ Farah Suruh Noni Clorox Berus Itu..Ohhhhh’

ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES - ANIONS

‘Kalau Nak Cari Mangkuk

Aladdin

Cina

Zon

Haram

Felda

Sediakan Pelumba, Cuba Hubungi Abang

Aku’

REACTIVITY SERIES

GAS AND CHARACTERISTICSGAS CHARACTERISTICS

Oxygen Colourless, relights glowing splinter

Chlorine Acidic, yellowish green gas

Bromine Acidic, reddish brown

Iodine Yellowish brown

Hydrogen Colourless, give a ‘pop’ sound to burning splinter

Carbon dioxide Colourless, turns limewater chalky

Sulphur dioxide Colourless, acidic turns KMnO4 (Purple to colorless)

SOLUBILITY OF SALTSSALT SOLUBILITY OF SALTS

ANaK All are ………………………………………………

….

Nitrate salt (NO3-)

All are ………………………………………………

….

Chloride salts (Cl-)

All chloride salts are soluble EXCEPT

PbAgHg

Sulphate (SO42-)

All chloride salts are soluble EXCEPT

PbBaCa

Carbonate (CO32-)

All carbonate salts are INSOLUBLE EXCEPT

TEST YOURSELF!

PREPARATION OF SALTSSoluble saltsInsoluble salts

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS Step 1 : Write the balanced chemical

equation

CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O

Step 2 : Write the information given

CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O 200 cm3

2.0 mol dm-3

Step 3 : Calculate the number of moleMol of HCl = MV/1000

= (200)(2.0)/1000= 0.4 mol

Step 4 : Relate the number of mol with the ratio to expected answer

2 mol HCl = 1 mol CuOMol of CuO = 0.2 molof CuO

Step 5 : Mass of copper (II) oxide, CuOMol of CuO X RMM of Cuo0.2 mol x (64 + 16) = 16 g

TEST YOURSELF!

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SALTSAluminium ion Carbonate ionZinc ion Sulphate ionLead ion Chloride ionMagnesium ion Nitrate ionCalsium ionCopper (II) ionsIron (II)ionsAmmonium ions

SUBSTANCESubstance

Colour in hot

Colour in cold

Lead (II) oxide,PbO

Zinc oxide, ZnO

Copper (II) oxide

CONFIRMATORY TESTS ON GASES

TEST ON CATIONS

Brown precipitate formed when added sodium

hydroxide solution or ammonia solution

Dirty green precipitate formed when added with sodium

hydroxide or ammonia solution.

Dissolve in excess of ammonia solution to form dark blue

solution.

Comparison between Cu2+ in ammonia solution (light blue precipitate) and Cu2+ in

excess of ammonia solution (dark blue solution).

Added with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), blood red colour is observed

When added with potassium iodide (KI),

yellow precipitate is observed

When added with Nessler's Reagent, brown precipitate is observed.

When solution is added with dilute sulphuric acid and iron(II) sulphate,

then followed by a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, a

brown ring will formed.

Test for Cation : With NaOH solution

Cation

NaOH(aq) solution

Some NaOH(aq)

No precipitate

White Precipitate Coloured Precipitate

Soluble and Colourless Precipitate

Insoluble Precipitate

Heat

NH4+

With precipitate

Concentrated HCL Drops

Precipitate

Green Brown Blue

Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu2+

Insoluble Precipitate

Mg2+ Ca2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+

Mg2+ Ca2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+

Test for Cation: With Ammonia Solution

Cation

NH3(aq) Solution

Some NH3(aq)

No Precipitate

White Precipitate Coloured Precipitate

Soluble and Colourless Precipitate

Insoluble Precipitate

NH4+,

Ca2+

Precipitate

Precipitate

Green Brown Blue

Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu2+

Soluble Precipitat

e

Mg2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+

Mg2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+ Insoluble Precipitat

e

Test for Anion

Anion X

1. Add in diluteNitric acid.

2. Add in Argentumnitrrate.

White precipitatesoluble in excessAmmonia.

Cl- ion present

Test for Anion

1. Add in dilute HCL until excess.

2. Add in BaCl2

1. Add in FeSO4 2. A few drops of

concentrated H2SO4

1. Add in dilute HCl

2. Produced gas is being transferred to lime water.

White precipitateIs formed.

Brown ring Lime

Water turnsMilky/cloudy/chalky.

SO42- ion

presentNO3

- ion present.

CO32- ion

present.