skpw3023_m3- isu-isu etika dalam praktis psikoterapi-kaunselingskpw3023_m3_isu-isu etika dalam...

8/9/2019 SKPW3023_M3- Isu-isu etika dalam praktis psikoterapi-kaunselingSKPW3023_M3_Isu-isu etika dalam praktis psikoterapi-kaunseling.pdf

1/19

Minggu 3

ISU-ISU ETIKA DALAM PRAPSIKOTERAPI/KAUNSELIN

Dr. Aizan Sofia

Isnin |10am – 1pm | 3A

SKPW3023-PSIKOTERAPI UNTUK KERJA SOSIAL (M3)


2/19

Mengutamakan Kebajikan Klien• “Whose needs are being met in this relationship. My client’s or my own?”

• To put our needs in perspective without exploiting clients

• Awareness of our blind spots, learn to recognize them

• If we have personal conflicts and there is a chance that we will projectthem onto clients, it’s better to seek our own therapy before assistingclients

• E.g. the need to change others in the direction of our own values; the neeto persuade



3/19


4/19


5/19

Informed Consent

• Is a legal and ethical term defined as the consent by a cto a proposed medical or psychotherapeuticprocedures/participation in a research/clinical study.

• The client must first achieve a clear understanding of threlevant facts, risks and benefits, and available alternatiinvolved.

• The concept of informed consent originated with therecognition that individuals have rights: to freedomautonomy and human dignity . Clients (whether in or outpatient treatment) possess these rights and cannotdenied their rights due to mental health status or condit



6/19

Informed ConsentSome aspects include:• General goal of therapy process• The responsibilities of the counselor toward the client• The responsibilities of clients• Limitation of and exceptions to confidentiality• Legal and ethical parameters that could define the relationship• Qualification and background of the practitioner• Fees• The services, length of the therapeutic process• Benefits and risks involved• The possibility that the client’s case will be discussed with the therapist’s

colleagues/supervisors SKPW3023-PSIKOTERAPI UNTUK KERJA SOSIAL (M3)


7/19

Informed Consent Challenges

• Too little VS too much information can be very overwhelming• It takes both intuition and skill to strike a balance

I can’t

decide!



8/19

Kerahsiaan (Confidentiality)• Is the requirement that therapists and most other

mental health professionals protect their client’sprivacy by not revealing the contents of therapy• Professionals have the responsibility to define the

degree of confidentiality that can be promised• Therapists have an ethical responsibility to

discuss the nature and purpose of confidentialityearly in the counseling process

• To keep or to breach confidentiality?• What circumstances that can warrant therapists

to breach confidentiality?



9/19

Contoh Kes: Tarasoff v. Board of Regents of the University of California, 1976In the fall of 1969, Prosenjit Poddar , a citizen of India aarchitecture student at the University of California's Berkeley campus,and stabbed to death Tatiana Tarasoff , a young woman who had

his affections. Poddar had sought psychotherapy from Dr. Mopsychologist at the university's student health facility, and Dr. Moore concluded that Poddar posed a significant danger. This conclusion stemmefrom an assessment of Poddar's pathological attachment to Tarasoff evidence that he intended to purchase a gun . After consultappropriate colleagues at the student health facility, Dr. Moorpolice both orally and in writing that he feared Poddar posed a danger to Tarasoff . He requested that the police take Poddar to a fhospitalization and an evaluation under California's civil commitmstatutes. The police allegedly interrogated Poddar and found him ratThey concluded that he did not really pose a danger and secured apromise that he would stay away from Ms. Tarasoff. After his the police, Poddar understandably never returned for furthepsychotherapy , and two months later stabbed Tarasoff to death

The duty to warn and protect third parties fr



10/19


11/19

Maklumat yang boleh dikongsi dengan orang lain:

• Subordinat• Pasukan rawatan• Setting rahsia• Pembiaya pihak ketiga• Penyaluran maklumat rahsia• Klien meninggal dunia

*Rujuk lanjut kod etika Kaunselor untuk maklumat terperinciSKPW3023-PSIKOTERAPI UNTUK KERJA SOSIAL (M3)

Kerahsiaan: Had dan kekecualian


12/19

Kerahsiaan

• Also involved protecting confidential data, consent to recora therapy process, access to client, record keeping, transferof client’s record etc



13/19

Etika Dalam Multibudaya

• The traditional theories, assumptions made about mental health,optimum human development, the nature of psychopathology, thenature of effective treatment may have little relevance for someclients

• The individuals are best understood by taking into considerationsalient cultural and environmental variables

• Create therapeutic strategies that are congruent with the range ofvalues and behaviors that are characteristic of a pluralistic society



14/19

Etika Dalam Multibudaya

• Traditional theories are not value free/value neutral

• Some of ideas, values, assumptions, techniques or practices may beirrelevant to people of color or other ethnicities.

• Practitioners must listen to clients and determine why they areseeking help and how best to deliver the help that is appropriate forthem

• Focusing on both individual and environmental factors to bring abochange



15/19

Isu Dalam Proses Penilaian•

Diagnosis in therapy is widely practiced• The purpose is to identify disruptions in client’s present behavior and lifestyle• Can identify problems and thus to plan intervention or treatment programs• Widely used diagnostic assessments is DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical

Manual of Mental Disorder, Text Revision)• The importance of being aware of unintentional bias and the presence of

distinctive ethnic and cultural patterns that could influence the diagnostic proce• Some clients maybe subjected to erroneous diagnoses• Some characteristics and personality maybe labeled neurotic or deviant because

they are simply not in the dominant culture• E.g. repressed, inhibited, passive, unmotivated > undesirable in western

standardsSKPW3023-PSIKOTERAPI UNTUK KERJA SOSIAL (M3)


16/19

Dual Multi Hubungan•

Occur when counselors assume two or more roles simultaneously orsequentially with clients.• Non sexual dual relationships

• e.g. teacher and therapist or supervisor and therapist• Bartering for goods or therapeutic services• Borrowing money from clients•

Providing therapy to a friend/an employee/relatives• Engaging in a social relationship with a client• Accepting an expensive gift from a client• Going into a business venture with a client• Becoming emotionally or sexually involved with a current client is

unethical, unprofessional, and illegalSKPW3023-PSIKOTERAPI UNTUK KERJA SOSIAL (M3)


17/19

Dual Multi Hubungan

Reasons :• Can impair the therapist’s objectivity, competence and effectiveness

in performing his or her functions as a therapist• Risks exploitation or harm to the person with whom the professiona

relationship exist• Some dual relationships are clearly exploitative and do serious harm

both to client and to the professional but others may have potentialbenefits to clients then potential risks

• Not much consensus regarding the appropriate way to manage dualand multiple relationships



18/19

Dual Multi Hubungan

1. Protection of the therapeutic process

2. Protection of clients from exploitation

3. Protection of therapist from liability



19/19

Dual Multi Hubungan

Ways of minimizing risk:

• Set healthy boundaries early in the therapeutic relationship (informeconsent, discuss with client, document your discussion)

•

Consult with fellow professionals as a away to maintain objectivityand identify unanticipated difficulties• Always to work under supervision• Self monitoring


skpw3023_m3- isu-isu etika dalam praktis psikoterapi-kaunselingskpw3023_m3_isu-isu etika dalam...

Documents