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PERCUBAAN SPM 2012 PERAK 4551/2

SKEMA JAWAPAN

MATA PELAJARAN : BIOLOGI SPM

KERTAS : 1

1 B 11 C 21 D 31 C 41 D

2 B 12 A 22 A 32 D 42 C

3 A 13 A 23 B 33 A 43 B

4 D 14 D 24 A 34 D 44 B

5 A 15 A 25 C 35 A 45 D

6 C 16 D 26 D 36 A 46 A

7 A 17 A 27 B 37 C 47 D

8 A 18 D 28 B 38 C 48 A

9 A 19 D 29 B 39 B 49 B

10 D 20 B 30 A 40 B 50 D


MATA PELAJARAN : BIOLOGI SPM

KERTAS : 2

SKEMA JAWAPAN BAHAGIAN A

BIL CADANGAN JAWAPAN MARKAH CATATAN

1(a)(i) Mitochondrion 1

(ii) P1 P contain respiratory enzyme

P2 P generate energy from cell respiration / oxidation

of glucose

P3 Energy use by the cells for activities

1

1

1

Maximum 2

marks

1(b)(i) P1 Q contain genetic material / DNA / gene

P2 which determine the type of protein synthesis by

the ribosome

P3 determine the characteristics inherited by the

offspring

1

1

1

Maximum 2

marks

(ii) 46

1

1(c)(i) Ribosome 1

(ii) P1 Ribosome synthesis polypeptide / protein molecule

P2 using amino acid ( in the cytoplasm)

P3 Based on the genetic code from DNA / which

carry by the mRNA

P4 Protein will be sent to Golgi apparatus by rough

endoplasmic reticulum.

1

1

1

1

Maximum 3

marks

(iii) P1 Protein cannot be sent to the Golgi apparatus

P2 Protein cannot be modified / processes

P3 No enzyme extra cellular can be synthesis

1

1

1

Maximum 2

marks

2 (a)(I P :Chromatid /chromosome

Q : Centromere

1

1

(ii) Prophase 1 1

(iii) F Crossing over

E Exchange of genetic material occur//forming new

genetic composition

1

1


(b)

Anaphase 1 Anaphase 11

1

1

(c)(i) Testis 1

(ii) M : Mitosis

N : Differentiation

1

1

(iii) Primary spermatocyte : 46

Sperm : 23

1

1

3 (a)(i) Diffusion/simple diffusion 1

(ii) P1 : Net movement of molecules or ions.

P2 : From a region of higher concentration to region of

lower concentration// going down a concentration

gradient.

P3 : Until an equilibrium is achieved.

1

1

1

Any 2

(b)(i) oxygen 1

(b)(ii)

P1 : Oxygen diffuse/ moves across a( plasma

membrane/through ( plasma membrane) to blood

capillary

P2: From higher (oxygen ) concentration ( in alveolus

)to lower concentration ( in blood capillary)

P3: On the other hand the partial pressure of carbon

dioxide is lower in the air of the alveoli compared

to the blood capillaries.

P4: Carbon dioxide diffuse out of the blood capillaries

into the alveoli.

P5 : expelled through the nose or mouth into the

atmosphere.

1

1

1

1

1

Any 3

(iii)

1. Thin wall

2. Moist

3. Rich with blood capillary

1

1

1

Any 2

(iv) Bronchitis//emphysema// Tuberculosis 1

(c) 1. Avoid smoking

2. Exercise

3. Wear mask during haze

1

1

1

Any 2


4(a)(i) Diet which contain all the nutrient in correct

proportion to meet the daily requirement of the

individual

1

(ii) Level 2 : Vitamin / mineral salt / fibre

Level 3 : Protein

1

1

(iii) Can cause obesity / stroke / thrombosis / arteriosclerosis

/ high blood pressure

1

(b) F Very active man need 15100kJ energy , but

moderate active man only need 12600 kJ energy

E because very active man need more energy to carry

out all the heavy / tough activity

1

1

(c) Deficieny disease : Ricket

Cause : Lack of vitamin D / calcium & phosphorus

1

1

(d) P1 Calcium need for formation of bone and teeth of

the mother

P2 calcium also needed by the fetus to form the bone

and teeth

P3 the mother to be need calcium to prepare the

mammary gland to produce milk

P4 milk is the food for the baby

1

1

1

1

5) ( a)

Normal Carrier/Normal Carrier/Normal Albino

1

1

1

2 phenotype

correct- 1

mark

4 phenotype

correct-1 mark

b)(i) X: meiosis

Y: Fertilization

1

1

Aa Aa

A a A a

AA

aa

Aa

Aa


(ii)

P1: Allele are different form of the same gene for a

trait

P2: that occupy the same relative position on a pair of

homologous chromosome

1

1

(iii) Separation/ segregation 1

(c) P1: The genotype of father is Aa//heterozigous

P2: The genotype of mother is Aa// heterozygous

P3: During formation of gamete, only one allele can be

carried by the gamete

P4: During fertilization, allele a from mother/father

combine to form genotype aa // homozygous

recessive

1

1

1

1

(d) F: cause by gene mutation

E: fail to produce an enzyme for production of melanin

1

1


MARKING SCHEME

SECTION B PAPER 2

Question

No.

Answer Submar

ks

Total

Marks

6 a P1 Bounded by double layer of membrane

P2 Fill with stroma (the jelly like matrix)

P3 Contain grana (ie stacks of membranous structure)

P4 Grana contain chlorophyll

1

1

1

1

Max 2

2

6 b (i) F Photosynthesis

P1 Consist of 2 stages ie light reaction & dark reaction

P2 Light reaction occur in grana

P3 Chlorophyll captures/trap light energy to excite

electron to higher level

P4 Energy released by the excited electron is used to

form ATP

P5 Light energy split the water molecules into hydroxyl

ion and hydrogen ion // photolysis of water

P6 Hydrogen ion combines with electron (released by

chlorophyll) to form hydrogen atom

P7 Hydroxyl group combine each other to form water and

oxygen

P8 Dark reaction occur in stroma

P9 Hydrogen atom uses ATP to fix/reduce carbon dioxide

to form glucose and water

P10 Six unit of glucose combines to form one molecule of

glucose

P11 Glucose condenses to produce starch

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Max 8

8

6 c F1 Leaves consist of flat, thin lamina, hold by petiole

E1 To increase TSA to receive maximum amount of

sunlight

F2 Lamina is thin

E2 Allow gases exchange to occur efficiently

F3 Have leaves vein // have xylem and phloem

E3 Allow transport of water and organic substances //

xylem transports water from root to the shoot// phloem

transports organic substances from leaves to all part of

plants

1

1

1

1

1

1

10


F4 Upper epidermal layer is transparent // water proof

layer of cuticle

E4 Allow penetration of sunlight // prevent excessive loss

of water

F5 Palisade mesophyll tissue contain more chloroplast //

arrange pack tightly together & upright

E5 Trap more sunlight for photosynthesis // more palisade

cells can be placed to carry photosynthesis efficiently

F6 Spongy mesophyll cell has irregular shape // loosely

arrange to form air spaces

E6 Increase TSA for gases exchange // maximise the

diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

F7 Presence of stomata at the lower epidermis

E7 Allowing gases exchange between the internal part of

leaf and the environment

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Max 10


7 a P1 Has flexible endoskeleton

P2 Has W shaped muscle block ie myotomes

P3 Contract and relax antagonistically // one side

contracts, another side relaxes

P4 Make the tail/ caudal fin to move side by side

alternatively

P5 To push the fish forward // control the fish direction

P6 Has sleek and streamlined body shape

P7 Overlapping scale facing backward

P8 To reduce water resistance

P9 Yawing is prevented by having dorsal and ventral fin

P10 Pitching is prevented by having pelvic and pectoral fin

P11 Rolling is prevented by having dorsal and ventral fin

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

8

7 b (i) F1 Nervous system

P1 Consists of brain, spinal cord and neurons

P2 Stimulates by external stimuli

P3 Send information in the form of electrical impulses

P4 Impulse is transmitted via neurons to effector

F2 Endocrine system

P5 Consists of endocrine glands // glands without ducts

P6 Stimulates by internal stimuli

P7 Send information in the form of chemical impulses/

hormones

P8 Hormones is transported by blood to target organ

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

6

7 b (ii) P1 Stimuli is detected by hypothalamus

P2 Hypothalamus send impulse through sympathetic

nervous system to the effector / heart / respiratory

muscle / blood vessel

P3 Hypothalamus send nerve impulse to adrenal medulla

P4 Adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and

noradrenaline

P5 Both hormones are sent to target organ / heart /

respiratory muscle /blood vessel through blood

P6 These two system cooperate each other

P7 Causes increase in blood glucose level

P8 Causes blood vessel constrict to increase the blood

pressure

P9 Causes respiratory muscle to contract and relax

faster// increase breathing rate

P10 Causes heart to pump faster // increase heart rate

P11 To transport more oxygen and glucose to the skeletal

muscle & brain

P12 Brain more alert to mobilise body into immediate

action /run away from the dog

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

8


8 a P1 Pollen mother cells in the pollen sac are diploid cells

P2 These cells undergoes meiosis

P3 to produce four haploid microspores/ tetrad

P4 Nucleus of each microspore divides by mitosis

P5 Forming haploid tube nucleus and generative nucleus

P6 These microspores develop into pollen grains

1

1

1

1

1

1

Max 5

5

8 b (i) P1 On the stigma, sugar stimulates pollen grains to

germinate

P2 Form pollen tube

P3 Pollen tubes grows into the style and towards the

ovule, led by tube nucleus

P4 Generative nucleus undergoes mitosis and form two

male gamete nuclei

P5 Pollen tube penetrates the ovule through micropyle

P6 Tube nucleus disintegrates

P7 One male nuclei fuses with the egg cells to form

diploid zygote

P8 Another male nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei

to form triploid zygote

P9 This process is known as double fertilization

P10 Triploid nucleus divide to form endosperm (ie

nutritive tissues)

P11 Diploid zygote divides and grows into embryo

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Max 10

10

8 b (ii) P1 After double fertilisation, the outer layer of ovule dries

up and develops a hard seed coat

P2 To protect both embryo and endosperm

P3 Ovule will develop into seed

P4 Ovary enlarges and form fruit

P5 Ovary wall develops into fruit wall that cover &

protect the fruit

P6 This will ensure the flowering plant to survive

P8 The endosperm of the seed provides nutrition and

energy to the embryo for its growth

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Max 5

5


9 a Patient A

i. cholera

ii. Vibrio cholerae

iii. Transmitted through contaminated water //

waterborne disease // through vector/ houseflies

that transmit the bacteria to the exposed food

iv. Drink boiled water // filter drink water // any

suitable example

Eat cooked food // do not exposed the food //

any suitable example

Use proper toilet // any suitable example

Patient B

i. Dengue fever

ii. Dengue virus

iii. Transmitted by a vector/ mosquito ie Aedes

(aegypti)

iv. Protect ourselves from the bites of mosquitoes that

act as vector // any suitable example

Eliminating the habitat for mosquitoes // any

suitable examples

Health education/ campaign

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Max 10

10

9 b F1 Air pollution

P1 Exhaust fume released by the vehicle contain carbon

dioxide/ carbon monoxide/ sulphur dioxide

P2 Smoke release by the factory contain dust / soot / lead

P3 Gases released by the factory contain carbon dioxide/

carbon monoxide/ sulphur dioxide / nitrogen oxide

P4 Nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide dissolve in water

in the clouds

P5 Forming nitric acid and sulphuric acid

P6 Form acid rain

P7 Destroy photosynthetic tissues in leaves

P8 Reduce rate of photosynthesis

P9 Increase carbon dioxide concentration

P10 Heat is trapped by green house gases

P11 Causes green house effect // lead to increase in

temperature // global warming

P12 Leads to climatic change// increase sea level// flash

flood

F2 Water pollution

P13 Disposal of waste matter from industrial // domestic

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Max 7

1

10


source into the water

P14 Causes eutrophication // increase BOD level

P15 Aquatic organism die

F3 Land pollution

P16 Disposal of domestic waste on the ground

P17 Increase the number of pest/ rat / cockroach / flies

P18 Increase disease transmission

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Max 3

skema jawapan - wordpress.com · percubaan spm 2012 perak 4551/2 mata pelajaran : biologi spm...

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