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PRAKATA
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat
dan karunianya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Laporan Tugas Akhir ini.
Pembuatan Tugas Akhir ini (TA) merupakan salah satu syarat kelulusan untuk
memperoleh gelar Ahli Madya (A.Md) pada program studi D3 Teknik Telekomunikasi
yang wajib ditempuh di Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Telematika Telkom Purwokerto.
Adapun judul Tugas Akhir ini adalah “DESAIN JARINGAN AKSES FIBER TO THE
HOME (FTTH) DI AREA SATURAN RAYA, BABARSARI, YOGYAKARTA
MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI GOOGLE EARTH”.
Terselesaikannya Laporan Tugas Akhir (TA) ini tentu tidak terlepas dari bantuan
banyak pihak yang telah memberikan masukan kepada penulis. Untuk itu penulis
menyampaikan banyak terima kasih kepada :
1. Allah SWT,
2. Kedua orang tua, Ibu Marsinah dan Bapak Sutoyo, kakak perempuan penulis, Windu
Fitria Setyaningsih, serta ibu’e mba Laras (Bu Min) yang telah memberikan doa,
motivasi dan nasihat bijak sehingga dapat membangkitkan semangat serta memberikan
kelancaran dalam menyelesaikan laporan Tugas Akhir ini,
3. Bapak Basoeki Widyono, S.T.,M.M. selaku Ketua Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi
Telematika Telkom Pureokerto,
4. Ibu Risa Farrid Christianti, S.T.,M.T. selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah
memberikan bimbingan dan pengarahan pada saat menyusun Laporan Tugas Akhir,
5. Bapak/Ibu dosen Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Telematika Telkom Purwokerto yang
telah memberikan bimbingan dalam pembuatan Laporan Tugas Akhir,
6. Seluruh karyawan PT. Telkom Akses Yogyakarta yang telah bekerja sama dalam
proses pengambilan data,
7. Kakak-kakak angkatan dan teman-teman satu area magang di PT. Telkom Akses
Yogyakarta yang telah memberikan semangat dan membantu dalam proses
pengambilan data,
8. Mbahe (Solichah Larasati), Sunel (Petronella Pattinasarani), Thio (Theodora Silva
Munthe), mas Dika, mbak de’e (Elmi Agung Puji Astuti), Icess (Princess Iqlima
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Kafila), Icaa (Dwi Nissa Vacum Margini), mba Irun, mba Defi yang telah memberi
dukungan dan menjadi sahabat terbaik penulis,
9. “The Real Teman Seperjuangan”, Sunel dan Thio yang tiap malam begadang bersama,
saling memotivasi, bahkan sempat bergalau ria didetik-detik terakhir pendaftaran
Sidang hingga akhirnya datang Sang Penolong (mas Dika), mengobarkan kembali
semangat kami, “Si Pejuang Tugas Akhir”, serta
10. Rekan-rekan angkatan 2011 STT Telematika Telkom Purwokerto yang selalu
membantu dan saling berbagi dalam keadaan susah maupun senang.
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan laporan ini masih banyak kekurangan,
baik dari materi maupun teknik penyajian karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan
pelangalaman penulis. Kritik dan saran yang membangun dari pembaca sangat diharapkan
oleh penulis. Untuk diskusi lebih lanjut mengenai Tugas Akhir yang penulis kerjakan,
maka pembaca dapat menghubungi penulis melalui email: [email protected] atau
menghubungi nomor telepon 087802910936. Semoga laporan ini dapat bermanfaat dan
menambah wawasan bagi pembaca. Terimakasih.
Purwokerto, Juli 2014
Penulis
mailto:[email protected]
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul .................................................................................................................. i
Halaman Pengesahan ........................................................................................................ ii
Halaman Penguji .............................................................................................................. iii
Halaman Pernyataan ......................................................................................................... iv
Prakata .............................................................................................................................. v
Daftar Isi ........................................................................................................................... vii
Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................................. ix
Daftar Tabel ...................................................................................................................... . xi
Daftar Singkatan ............................................................................................................... xii
Daftar Lampiran ............................................................................................................... xiii
Abstract ............................................................................................................................. xiv
Abstrak ............................................................................................................................. xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................ 2
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat ......................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 Tujuan .................................................................................................. 2
1.3.2 Manfaat ................................................................................................ 2
1.4 Batasan Masalah .............................................................................................. 2
1.5 Kaitan Judul dengan Teknik Telekomunikasi .................................................. 3
1.6 Metodologi Penelitian ...................................................................................... 3
1.7 Sistematika Penulisan ...................................................................................... 4
BAB II DASAR TEORI ................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Serat Optik ....................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Jaringan Lokal Akses Fiber (Jarlokaf)............................................................. 10
2.3 Arsitektur Jaringan Fiber Optik Secara Umum ............................................... 11
2.4 Perangkat Fiber To The Home (FTTH) ........................................................... 14
2.5 Perencanaan Demand ....................................................................................... 24
2.6 Link Budget ...................................................................................................... 24
2.7 Google Earth .................................................................................................... 25
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2.8 KMLCSV Converter ......................................................................................... 25
BAB III PERANCANGAN FTTH ................................................................................... 27
3.1 Waktu dan Tempat Pengambilan Data............................................................. 27
3.2 Alat dan Bahan ................................................................................................. 27
3.2.1 Alat ....................................................................................................... 27
3.2.2 Bahan .................................................................................................... 27
3.3 Langkah-langkah Perancangan FTTH ............................................................. 28
3.4 Pengambilan dan Pengolahan Data .................................................................. 29
3.4.1 Penentuan Lokasi Survey ..................................................................... 29
3.4.2 Melakukan Survey Micro Demand ....................................................... 30
3.4.3 Melakukan Input dan Konversi Data ................................................... 31
3.4.4 Perancangan Jaringan Fiber To The Home (FTTH) ............................ 33
3.4.5 Perhitungan parameter Link Budget ..................................................... 35
3.4.6 Pembuatan tabel Bill of Quantity (BoQ) .............................................. 37
BAB IV HASIL DAN ANALISA .................................................................................... 38
4.1 Perancangan Jaringan Fiber To The Home (FTTH) ........................................ 38
4.2 Perancangan Jaringan Fiber To The Home (FTTH) One Stage ....................... 39
4.2.1 Konfigurasi Passive Splitter 1:32 ......................................................... 39
4.2.2 Link Budget 1:32 .................................................................................. 45
4.2.3 Bill of Quantity (BoQ) 1:32 .................................................................. 48
4.3 Perancangan Jaringan Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Two Stage ...................... 48
4.3.1 Kombinasi Passive Splitter 1:4 dan 1:8 ............................................... 48
4.3.2 Kombinasi Passive Splitter 1:2 dan 1:16 ............................................. 54
4.4 ANALISA DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................................................. 58
BAB V PENUTUP ........................................................................................................... 67
5.1 Kesimpulan ...................................................................................................... 67
5.2 Saran ................................................................................................................ 67
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................................... 68
LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Serat Optik .................................................................................................... 6
Gambar 2.2 Struktur Serat Optik ...................................................................................... 7
Gambar 2.3 Step Index Multimode ................................................................................... 8
Gambar 2.4 Graded Index Multimode .............................................................................. 9
Gambar 2.5 Step Index Single Mode ................................................................................ 9
Gambar 2.6 Modus Aplikasi FTTZ .................................................................................. 12
Gambar 2.7 Modus Aplikasi FTTC .................................................................................. 12
Gambar 2.8 Modus Aplikasi FTTB .................................................................................. 13
Gambar 2.9 Arsitektur jaringan FTTH ............................................................................. 14
Gambar 2.10 Optical Line Terminal (OLT) ..................................................................... 15
Gambar 2.11 Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC) .......................................................... 17
Gambar 2.12 ODP tipe wall / on pole .............................................................................. 19
Gambar 2.13 ODP tipe pedestal ....................................................................................... 20
Gambar 2.14 ODP tipe closure......................................................................................... 20
Gambar 2.15 Kabel drop untuk instalasi dengan pelindung pipa HH/Pit ........................ 20
Gambar 2.16 Kabel drop ABF (Air Blown Fiber) dengan micro duct ............................. 21
Gambar 2.17 Kabel drop dengan kawat penggantung (aerial) ........................................ 21
Gambar 2.18 Optical Terminal Premises (OTP) .............................................................. 21
Gambar 2.19 Optical Indoor Outlet (Roset) ..................................................................... 22
Gambar 2.20 Optical Network Termination/Unit (ONT/ONU) ....................................... 23
Gambar 2.21 Pigtail ......................................................................................................... 23
Gambar 2.22 Patch-cord .................................................................................................. 23
Gambar 2.23 Google Earth .............................................................................................. 25
Gambar 2.24 KMLCSV Converter .................................................................................... 26
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Blok Perancangan FTTH ............................................................... 28
Gambar 3.2 Daerah survey yang sudah dibatasi dengan polygon .................................... 29
Gambar 3.3 Hasil input home pass pada software Google Earth ..................................... 32
Gambar 3.4 Tampilan data yang sudah masuk di dalam KMLCSV Converter ................ 33
Gambar 4.1 Tampilan keseluruhan boundary .................................................................. 38
Gambar 4.2 Perancangan dengan skenario One Stage (1:32) .......................................... 39
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Gambar 4.3 Tampilan Distribusi 1 ................................................................................... 41
Gambar 4.4 Tampilan Distribusi 2 ................................................................................... 41
Gambar 4.5 Tampilan Distribusi 3 ................................................................................... 42
Gambar 4.6 Tampilan Distribusi 4 ................................................................................... 42
Gambar 4.7 Tampilan Distribusi 5 ................................................................................... 43
Gambar 4.8 Tampilan Distribusi 6 ................................................................................... 43
Gambar 4.9 Tampilan Distribusi 7 ................................................................................... 44
Gambar 4.10 Tampilan Distribusi 8 ................................................................................. 44
Gambar 4.11 Tampilan Distribusi 9 ................................................................................. 45
Gambar 4.12 Perancangan dengan skenario Two Stage (1:4 dan 1:8) ............................. 49
Gambar 4.13 Tampilan Distribusi 1 ................................................................................. 50
Gambar 4.14 Tampilan Distribusi 2 ................................................................................. 51
Gambar 4.15 Tampilan Distribusi 3 ................................................................................. 51
Gambar 4.16 Perancangan dengan skenario Two Stage (1:2 dan 1:16) ........................... 55
Gambar 4.17 Tampilan Distribusi 1 ................................................................................. 56
Gambar 4.18 Tampilan Distribusi 2 ................................................................................. 57
Gambar 4.19 Perancangan boundary B dengan skenario Two Stage (1:4 dan 1:8) ......... 63
Gambar 4.20 Perancangan boundary C dengan skenario Two Stage (1:2 dan 1:16) ....... 64
Gambar 4.21 Perancangan boundary D dengan skenario Two Stage (1:2 dan 1:16) ....... 65
Gambar 4.22 Perancangan boundary E dengan skenario Two Stage (1:4 dan 1:8).......... 66
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Tabel Nilai redaman perangkat jaringan Fiber To The Home (FTTH) ............ 24
Tabel 3.1 Karakteristik tipe homepass ............................................................................. 30
Tabel 3.2 Perhitungan Link Budget .................................................................................. 36
Tabel 3.3 Bill of Quantity (BoQ) ...................................................................................... 37
Tabel 4.1 Perhitungan Link Budget One Stage (1:32) ...................................................... 46
Tabel 4.2 Tabel Bill of Quantity (BoQ) 1:32 .................................................................... 48
Tabel 4.3 Perhitungan Link Budget Two Stage (1:4 dan 1:8) ........................................... 52
Tabel 4.4 Tabel Bill of Quantity (BoQ) 1:4 dan 1:8 ......................................................... 54
Tabel 4.5 Perhitungan Link Budget Two Stage (1:2 dan 1:16) ......................................... 58
Tabel 4.6 Tabel Bill of Quantity (BoQ) 1:2 dan 1:16 ....................................................... 60
Tabel 4.7 Tabel perbandingan BOQ hasil perancangan tiga desain ................................. 62
Tabel 4.8 Tabel perbandingan BOQ hasil perhitungan tiga desain .................................. 62
Tabel 4.9 Tabel Bill Of Quantity (BOQ) boundary B ...................................................... 63
Tabel 4.10 Tabel Bill Of Quantity (BOQ) boundary C .................................................... 64
Tabel 4.11 Tabel Bill Of Quantity (BOQ) boundary D .................................................... 65
Tabel 4.12 Tabel Bill Of Quantity (BOQ) boundary E .................................................... 66
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DAFTAR SINGKATAN
1. FTTH : Fiber To The Home
2. FTTB : Fiber To Building
3. FTTC : Fiber To The Curb
4. FTTZ : Fiber To The Zone
5. STO : Sentral Telepon Otomat
6. OLT : Optical Line Terminal
7. ODC : Optical Distribution Cabinet
8. ODP : Optical Distribution Point
9. ONT : Optical Network Terminal
10. ONU : Optical Network Unit
11. BoQ : Bill Of Quantity
12. FO : Fiber Optic
13. Jarlokaf : Jaringan lokal akses fiber
14. TKO : Titik Konversi Optic
15. UPC : Ultra Polish Contact
16. LED : Light Emitting Diode
17. LASER : Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
18. LAN : Local Area Network
19. DLC : Digital Loop Carrier
20. PON : Passive Optical Network
21. AON : Active Optical Network
22. HFC : Hybrid Fiber Coax
23. ASE : Active Splitting Equipment
24. AS : Active Splitter
25. ODN : Optical Distribution Network
26. FTM : Fiber Termination Management
27. ODF : Optical Distribution Frame
28. PS : Passive Splitter
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
1. FTA-18
2. Lembar Revisi Pendadaran
3. Hasil konversi input data menggunakan aplikasi KMLCSV Converter
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ABSTRACT
Raising of quantity’s people such as urban area or rural area are the reason to upgrading
the customer service. The limitation of copper access network can’t accommodate
bandwidth capacity that increase every day, so we used fiber optic as transmission media
to meet a demand of customer service. Technology of Fiber To The Home (FTTH) is the
development of telecommunication technology that used fiber optic as transmission media
until customers. Design of FTTH’s network can be done by three, such as one stage
combination of passive splitters 1:32, two-stage combination of passive splitter 1: 4 and 1:
8, and also two stage combination of passive splitter two stage 1: 2 and 1:16. Of the three
combinations of the passive splitter, two stage combination of passive splitter 1: 4 and 1: 8
is a combination of passive splitter that most effectively used as for some condition passes.
This combination is flexible to passes condition with a few passed that spread, a few pass
that crowded, a lot of pass that spread and also a lot of pass that crowded. The result of
design with this combination is used a few set of equipment, like ODP are 30 unit and
distribution cable are 3 unit. The result of loss link budget in FTTH network in
combination passive splitter one stage 1:32 the average is 21,03 db, combination two stage
1:2 and 1:16 the average is 21,58 db, combination two stage 1:4 and 1:8 the average is
21,35 dB.
Keywords: Fiber To The Home (FTTH), Passive Splitter One Stage, Passive Splitter Two
Stage, Link Budget, Bill Of Quantity (BOQ).
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ABSTRAK
Bertambahnya jumlah penduduk baik di area perkotaan maupun pedesaan memicu untuk
dilakukannya peningkatan layanan pelanggan. Keterbatasan jaringan akses tembaga di
anggap belum dapat menampung kapasitas bandwidth yang besar dan berkecepatan tinggi,
sehingga untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan tersebut digunakanlah Fiber Optic sebagai
media transmisinya. Teknologi Fiber To The Home (FTTH) merupakan bentuk dari
kemajuan teknologi telekomunikasi berupa rancangan jaringan dari sentral ke pelanggan
dimana media transmisinya adalah serat optik. Untuk melakukan perancangan jaringan
FTTH dapat dilakukan dengan tiga cara, yaitu dengan menggunakan kombinasi passive
splitter one stage 1:32, kombinasi passive splitter two stage 1:4 dan 1:8, serta kombinasi
passive splitter two stage 1:2 dan 1:16. Dari ketiga kombinasi passive splitter tersebut,
kombinasi passive splitter two stage 1:4 dan 1:8 merupakan kombinasi passive splitter
yang paling efektif digunakan karena fleksibel untuk beberapa kondisi homepass, yaitu
kondisi dengan jumlah homepass sedikit menyebar, sedikit mengumpul, banyak menyebar
dan banyak mengumpul. Hasil desain dengan menggunakan kombinasi passive splitter two
stage 1:4 dan 1:8 menghasilkan kebutuhan jumlah perangkat yang paling sedikit pada tabel
Bill Of Quantity (BOQ), yaitu sebanyak 30 ODP dan 3 buah kabel distribusi, sehingga
kombinasi ini merupakan kombinasi yang paling efisien untuk boundary 234 homepass.
Hasil perhitungan nilai redaman total parameter link budget pada perancangan jaringan
FTTH untuk kombinasi passive splitter one stage 1:32 memiliki rata-rata nilai sebesar
21,03 dB, passive splitter two stage 1:2 dan 1:16 bernilai rata-rata 21,58 dB, serta passive
splitter two stage 1:4 dan 1:8 bernilai rata-rata 21,35 dB.
Kata Kunci: Fiber To The Home (FTTH), Passive Splitter One Stage, Passive Splitter Two
Stage, Link Budget, Bill Of Quantity (BOQ).