GROUP: ERMU6C

MOHD ZUFFI BIN ABDUL MAJID

AMRAN BIN SEMAN

IZA HAIRANI BINTI ABU BAKAR

HASLINDA BT BAHARUDIN

FALSAFAH SUKAN & PERMAINAN

TEAM SPORT ACTIVITY(SED 408)

PENSYARAH: ENCIK MOHAMMAD BIN SEMAN

KUMPULAN ERMU6C (CHAPTER 1 )

MOHD ZUFFI BIN ABDUL MAJID2011249098

AMRAN BIN SEMAN2011406286

HASLINDA BINTI BAHARUDIN 2011801606

IZA HAIRANI BINTI ABU BAKAR2011891362

Learning Outcomes

Instead, the students will

know the true philosophy of the basic principles of

individuality

At the end of the course,

students should know the general

philosophy of the different sports and

games, according to the

culture and norms

The philosophy of sport is concerned with the

conceptual analysis and interrogation of ideas

and issues of sports and related practices

such as coaching, sports journalism and

sports medicine.

At its most general level, it is

concerned with articulating the

nature and purposes of sport. The

philosophy of sport never fixed.

Its methods require of scholars in

the philosophy of sport to develop

inherently self-critical thinking,

continuously challenging their own

preconceptions and guiding

principles both as to the nature and

purposes of philosophy and of

sports.

The philosophy of sport not only gathers insight from the various fields of philosophy as they open up our appreciation of sports practices and institutions, but also generates substantive and competing views of sport itself:

Applications in the field of

Philosophy and

Philosophy of Sport

AestheticsEpistemol

ogy

Ethics LogicMetaphy

sics

Philosophy can be categorized based on the five areas of the question, namely:

Metaphysics This field of philosophical thinking is about

existence. Example : Is type of everything exists? What is the nature of "nature - nature" is? Do

things exist without dependence on human senses? What is the nature of space and time? What is the nature of mind and thought? What

does the man said? What is said to be aware of? Does God exist?

 

EpistemologyThe field philosophical thinking about science. An

example of such a question is: What is knowledge? Are there knowledge? How do we know what we know? How do we know there are other minds?

EthicsThis philosophy thinking about human morality. Example question: Is there a difference between moral action and wrong action? If so, what is the

difference? Action which is right and what is wrong action? Is the absolute value, or a comparison?

How one should live?

LogicLogic is a field of philosophy that studies the human reasoning.

AestheticsPhilosophy think about beauty. Sample question: What is beautiful?

Specific Philosop

hy

Philosophy of

education

Philosophy of law

Philosophy of mind

Philosophy of rules

Social and political

philosophy

Philosophy of

science

Within these diverse compartments

of philosophy, there has been a

tendency for one philosophical

tradition to dominate:

Analytical Philosophy.

There is undoubtedly continental philosophy has

developed a philosophy of sport literature. Both

approaches Western philosophical tradition and

the interests of Eastern philosophy, which in

Japan has resulted in a significant amount in the

literature of philosophy of sport.

The research philosophy is basically

associated with the expression of ideas.

Biomedical Sciences universal language

of sport represents placed in a rational

technical (scientific method).

The philosophers working in the tradition of the continent largely develop research in existentialism, hermeneutics and phenomenology.

Although the label itself is driven by

geographic considerations (work stems from

the scholarly community in France, Germany

and elsewhere in Europe), one finds the

philosophers of sport right across the globe

world through the traditions. Similarly,

although the philosophical analysis of the

dominant tradition in Anglo.

American philosophy is misleading in the sense

that some of its founding fathers were indeed

from continental Europe. The drawing of

distinctions to represent our experience of

sports world, however, is common to all schools

or traditions of sport philosophical endeavor.

Given the dominance of the analytic tradition-

and the English –speaking counterparts of it – a

few more specific words are required in order to

make sense of recent developments in the

philosophy of sport.

Philosophical analysis of the investigation emerged as a concept in principle as a basic purpose. It is often expressed in Locke's famous statement about the scope of work philosophy analogous to a laborer working in the garden of knowledge.

As a second-order activity, the main

objective is to provide secure

foundations for other disciplines to

explain the geographic concept.

Superiority that was revealed by the

insistence that the concept of empirical

work leading all the right questions.

Athletes who have been equipped with the

analytical tools of discovery to the criteria of

the constituent concepts, conceptual drawing

differences with logical grammar and find

suitable differences in their jobs.

The discipline of philosophy has been reduced to some tune on the prevalence of common language and necessary and sufficient condition for detecting the correct meaning of other concepts. Despite the 'new' spirit of survival remain here with the ancient past.

Philosophers like Plato and Aristotle also

worried about marking the difference,

leading explanations where previously

confusion became worse. Many

philosophers argue about whether we live

in the post-Analytical Philosophy.

What that means is not clear. We live in a period of exciting intellectual development in which the matter described in the philosophy of sport. In the meantime, the attention clearly on the analysis of the concept will always be considered important in the component analysis of the philosopher as guide research, driven by the concept of the philosophy of sport, games and play, turned it down.

Philosophers have been clear about the

need to abandon the aim of neutrality

traditionally found in much analytical

philosophy in favors of arguing for

substantive positions in relation to the

‘commodification’ of sports, their

‘commercialization’, and their ‘corruption’

In addition to the substantive development, the norm has been continued rather than against. It involves the concept of logic in that statement carefully. In a conflict that has raged in the social scientific literature has made major contributions based on a clear understanding of the potential range of sports concept.

Similarly in ethics, philosophers have tried to argue for sport suitability of the various moral philosophies in theory to capture sports action sports also in it.

In these fields, philosophers have generated new ideas about the contested nature of sports ethics itself – whether as contract, duty/obligation, utility or virtue. In doing so, they have often connected with the empirical research of other bodies of knowledge

CONCLUSSION Philosophy of sport is a branch of philosophy that analyzes sports

issues as human activities. Philosophical perspective against sport began in Ancient Greece, after experiencing a recovery at the end of the 20th century.The aspects of the philosophy of sport as a guide and basis against a decision. It is created by thought and observation and experience that has been passed by someone and in daily life. Philosophy is used as a search tool on the understanding that a person will live better.Therefore, the problems faced one would make certain attitude in facing problems. This is the role of philosophy in which facing the problems such as the question of the divinity of life, truth and happiness will have an impact on the attitudes, methods, events, activities, conclusions and will take effect in the life of a human being.

The Principle of Individuality

The Principle of Individuality dictates that the decisions concerning the nature of

training should be made with each individual athlete in mind (Rushall, 1979a).

A coach must always consider that each athlete should be treated independently

(Bompa, 1986, 17).

The Principle of Individuality

Incorrect forms of training prescription result from all athletes in a team training with the same schedule and load. Attempts to copy the programs of champions, which is still a common practice among many coaches, will also result in incorrect loadings of the work of training for most individuals.

Performance Fitness

Life Style Nutrition

The wise coach is aware that the team's athletes are different.

Differences among

athletes

Athletes respond to the physical and social environment training in their own unique way. It is important that these training programs to meet individual needs and preferences in order to optimize performance improvement.

Factors that exist around the training and

programs designed are: quality and affordability

of individual athletes, age, and training

principles. This chapter discusses the key factors

that should be considered when prescribing

exercise to individuals.

(1) WARMING UP Each workout should begin with a warm-up session (warming up) and ended

with a soothing body (cooling down).

(2) STANCE PROGRESS. Physical training program should be progressive. It refers to the increasing

difficulty of training gradually. The rate of increase should be based on individual ability. Individuals are different then the intensity of training should be

appropriate to the capacity of each individual.

(3) ADDED LOAD Having a close relationship with progression. Training system should be designed to

pressure the appropriate time in order to adapt to the excessive workload.

Principle Individual Training

PRINCIPLES INDIVIDUAL TRAINING

(4) INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCESTraining programs must be individually because there are individual differences

in terms of goals, physiology, motivation, genetics and environment.

(5) IntensityWithin a physical training program emphasis is on intensity of training load.

Intensity of training load is given by improving the training that athletes work on physical ability levels, respectively. The most obvious indicator of exercise

intensity is a good athlete achieve the pulse rate to the level of sub-maximal exercise. (70% to 80% knl).

(6) Specificity (SPECIALIZATION)Planned training program should be geared to the goals to be achieved. Training is planned to involve activities that improve strength and endurance, flexibility

(flexibility) and other aspects of physical fitness. Specific training shall be conducted in accordance with the underlying game.

Principle Individual Training

(7) FREQUENCY OF TRAININGfitness activities should be part of life. Frequency of training will ensure our physical

fitness improvement. It is suggested that at least three times a week

(8) TRAINING TIMETraining time depends closely with the intensity of the training activities.

(9) ReversibilityTraining undertaken should be consistent because of the impact and outcome of the

training is not permanent.

(10) DIVERSITY OF TRAININGDiversify training can eliminate the boredom and tedium of athletes.

(11) RECONCILIATION TRAINING OR ADOPTION When the body is exposed to stress and load changing training then it will adapt

slowly to address the requirements imposed on the exercise.

Principle Individual Training

TRAINING LOAD

TRAINING LOAD The most effective method to enhance muscle.

Training principles.

☞ Overload Principle

☞ Progression Principle

☞ Specificity Principle

☞ Reversibility Principle

Overload Principle

• Heavy burden at the beginning to be compatible with athletic ability. Repetitions and the weight of the load should be increased gradually.

Progression Principle

• Muscles of the body should be trained first. This is because the small muscle will easily fatigue when compared with big muscles. Two types of exercises that involve the same muscles are not recommended and should be avoided.

Specificity Principle

• The training must be specific to the body that are involved in a game.

Reversibility Principle

• Training should be conducted alternate to give enough time for recovery. If not, there will be fatigue problem and this will interfere with the optimal big achievement.

TYPE OF TRAINING LOAD

Shoulder Muscle Training

Dumbell/ barbell Shrug

Side Letreal

Training For Chest

Incline Bench Press

Pec Deck

Arm Muscle Training

One Arm Dumbbell row

Standing Barbell Curl

Buttocks Muscles Training

Cable Row

Pull Down

Thighs Muscle Training

Leg Extention

Leg Press

Tricep Muscle Training

Triceps Push Down

Lying Tricep Extention

TOLERANCE TRAINING LOAD

The optimum training loads vary between athletes.

1) Forbes Carlile (Australia swimming coach ) often recounts the training performances the best teo distance swimmers in the world in the early 1970s.

In competitions, the two recorded remarkably similar times.

Shane Gould

• Thrived on seemingly hard training with her training performances being of quite a high level

Karen Moras

• Exhibited training performances that were must slower than those of Shane

The optimum training loads vary between athletes.

2) Dr James Counsilman (Indiana University)

o Both were the best in the world at that time in freestyle swimmers events

☞ These are examples of different training loads being required for

different athletes to produce the optimum training stress to record world best performances.

Mark Spitz

• Light training load

John Kinsella and other swimmer

• Normal training loads

Conclusion

There is no guarantee that an athlete who tolerances heavy training loads is

going to be the best performer in competitions.

Conclusion

Athlete performance does not depend on fitness factor responsible for achieving sporting success.

The tolerance of training load also seems to be related to an athletes history of involvement.

The coach must carefully monitor the capacity of the athlete to cope with the training load and adjust the training program when necessary.

Responses Against Training

Early Stage Fitness and Individual Physiology Characteristics

When the early level of fitness is low, the potential for improvement is high.

When an athlete has not enough training, the performance improvement will be obvious and great with the commencement of training.

When athletes are training enough, the performance improvement will be small and relatively rare.

Thus, the reaction of athletes will vary depending on your level of fitness and training program content.

Fitness Training And Muscle

Strength

Fitness Component Men who were early maturing growth of muscle

size rapidly and increase strength also produced capabilities exercise in a specific age group.

Men are slower mature, no matter how much training is done and the results are found to be the same as the man who mature earlier.

With the advent of puberty, individuals will differ in character of their reactions and performance levels resulting from the training.

Preacher Curl Training (Maximize The Form And Biceps Muscle

Strength)

Further Training Intensity Factor The muscle fibers in the muscles respond quickly

to produce an individual response. Athletes focus more on strength training rather

than endurance-oriented training. This is because the height of the strain generated

in the muscle during weight training requires fibers respond quickly to the most gains.

After a long fibers hypertrophy and do due to their abundance in the muscle, contribute significantly to increases in its size

(Dons, Bollerup, Bonde-Peterson, & 1979)

Weight Training

• A similar age will react differently from one of another day, as in the example of strength training and maturational factors puberty.• Other features which cause different reactions among athletes.• Associated with weight training, young athletes will break down and recover faster in training than those who are older.• Individual training programs responsive to training factor.

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References