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ISAROLPSKE MAGAR GNAUL UTKAW ISIGNEM NATAIGEK ADAP AWSIS

IIV SALEK I CAB OCSOB SENNAOJ PMS NUHAT ATRAKAYGOY ORI

102 NARAJA 1 102/ 2 AYNISAKILPMI MALAD P PADAHRET NANUSUYNE

LUDOM - NAGNIBMIB LUDOM NAANUGGNEP GNAUL UTKAW

I S P I R K S

halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD tarayS utaS nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM )1S(

gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB idutS margorP

: helO

akitnayirdnI attigirB

720411170 :MIN

GNILESNOK NAD NAGNIBMIB IDUTS MARGORP

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NASURUJ NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU ATRAKAYGOY

102 2

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i



102 NARAJA 1 102/ 2 AYNISAKILPMI MALAD NANUSUYNEP PADAHRET

LUDOM - NAANUGGNEP NAGNIBMIB LUDOM GNAUL UTKAW

I S P I R K S

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM )1S(

gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB idutS margorP

: helO

attigirB akitnayirdnI

720411170 :MIN

GNILESNOK NAD NAGNIBMIB IDUTS MARGORP NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY 102 2


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP NAMALAH NAD OTTOM

OTTOM

,nakidid halamiret nad tahisan halnakragneD“ asam id kajib idajnem uakgne ayapus

”02:02 lazmA ,naped

adapek ayacrep ini uka ,tukat uka utkaW“ - namrif gnay ,hallA adapek ;UM - ayN

4:65 rumzaM ,ijupuk - ”5

NAHABMESREP

:adapek nahabmesrepuk ini ispirkS

sutsirK suseJ nahuT airaM adnuB nad ibmem ulales gnay paites gnibm

...ukhakgnal

uknakirebmem ulales gnay idaH onopeoS suisicraT ukkapaB muhramlA

.....ini ispirks nanusuynep malad aod nad tagnames

atres tagnames nad nagnorod nakirebmem ulales gnay hainoB aicuL ukubI

....aod

,kidiD saM ,itnaS kabM ,ukkida kakaK amireT .atreB keD nad ,siliL kabM

nakirebid gnay gnayas hisak nad aod ,tagnames ,naitahrep sata hisak

....ukadapek

....uktaub ada ulales gnay ukhisakeK


v

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

kadit ini silut ayas gnay ispirks awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayaS

malad naktubesid halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro ayrak naigab uata ayrak taumem

.haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes ,akatsup ratfad nad napituk

42 ,atrakaygoY 2102 iraunaJ

siluneP



iv

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP

:amrahD atanaS satisrevinU iwsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY

amaN : Brigitta Indriyantika

oN m awsisahaM kudnI ro 0 : 71114027

D naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep ime

ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU



102 NARAJA 1 102/ 2 AYNISAKILPMI MALAD P PADAHRET NANUSUYNE

LUDOM - NAGNIBMIB LUDOM NAANUGGNEP GNAUL UTKAW B se nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atre (bila diperlukan) nakirebmem ayas ,naikimed nagneD .

malad nakhilagnem ,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek

araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad nalakgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb

lbupmem nad ,satabret simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu nial aidem uata tenretni id aynnakisaki

patet amales ayas adapek itlayor nakirebmem nupuam ayas irad nizi atnimem ulrep apnat

.silunep iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

rakaygoY ,at 24 Januari 2012

nakataynem gnaY

Brigitta Indriyantika


iiv

KARTSBA

MAGAR ISAROLPSKE GNAUL UTKAW ISIGNEM NATAIGEK ADAP AWSIS

IIV SALEK I CAB OCSOB SENNAOJ PMS NUHAT ATRAKAYGOY ORI2102/1102 NARAJA AYNISAKILPMI MALAD NANUSUYNEP PADAHRET

LUDOM - NAANUGGNEP NAGNIBMIB LUDOM GNAUL UTKAW

akitnayirdnI attigirB 720411170

kutnu naujutreb ini naitileneP m naisignep nataigek magar nakispirksednenakukalid gnay gnaul utkaw awsis - oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ PMS IIIV salek iwsis

2102/1102 naraja nuhat atrakaygoY m nad naisignep nataigek magar isakifitnedigne helo nakukalid akgnal hisam numan gnitnep paggnaid gnay gnaul utkaw awsis arap

a atrakaygoY oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ PMS IIIV salek malad 2102/1102 naraj.gnaul utkaw naanuggnep nagnibmib ludom nanusuynep padahret aynisakilpmi

halada ini naitilenep sineJ ,ievrus edotem nagned fitpirksed naitilenep renoiseuk halada nakanugid gnay naitilenep nemurtsnI .awsis 28 isalupop nagned

nataigek kepsa nakrasadreb itilenep helo nususid tubesret nemurtsnI .gnaul utkaw - nabawaj fitanretla aud irad iridret nad gnaul utkaw isignem nataigek magar kepsa

utiay nataigek isnegrU P( gnitnep F atres )PT( gnitnep kadit nad ) isneukernaskalid utiay naanaskalretek .)DT( naknaskalid kadit nad )D( naka kinkeT

isalubat taubmem ,keybus nabawaj gniroks halada nakanugid gnay atad nahalognepatar gnutihgnem ,nabawaj latot gnutihgnem nad atad - nad nakkopmolegnem ,atar

.naitilenep lisah naklipmanem akkujnunem naitilenep lisaH nataigek magar :n gnaul utkaw naisignep gnay

atrakaygoY oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ PMS awsis satiroyam helo nakanaskalid gniressms ,)%8,89( VT notnonem utiay - emag niam ,)%5,19( RP nakajregnem ,)%3,69( na.)%2,09( nakam aod nad ,)%2,09( ritub meti 87 halmuj iraD utkaw naisignep nataigek

nataigek iagabes awsis satiroyam paggnaid gnay nataigek ritub 81 )1( tapadret ,gnaul aleb ,igap manes ,lekitra acabmem :nial aratna ,nakanaskalid kadit numan gnitnep

al lepegnem ,kab sarugnem ,idnam ramak iatnal nakhisrebmem ,irid icuynem ,iatn sel ,awaj irat sel ,imonoke sel ,akisif sel ,akitametam sel ,aisenodnI asahab sel ,ujab ritub 6 )2( ;hadabi tapmet nanayalep ,gnaner sel ,lacov sel ,murd sel ,ratig sel ,onaip

uman gnitnep kadit nataigek awsis satiroyam paggnaid gnay nataigek ,nakanaskalid n notnonem ,kimok acabmem ,neprec acabmem ,zzaJ kisum nakragnednem ;nial aratna

nalaj ,naracap ,retupmok id mlif - .naajnalebrep tasup ek nalaj


iiiv

TCARTSBA

NOITAROLPXE FO SUOIRAV NI SEITIVITCA /EMIT ERAPS ERUSIEL EMIT LLIF NI SSALC IIIV SENNAOJ OCSOB ROINUJ LOOHCS HGIH

ORICAB ATRAKAYGOY 2102/1102 RAEY CIMEDACA EHT NI SNOITACILPMI EHT FO NOITALIPMOC FO ECNADIUG ELUDOM FO S

ERUSIEL/EMIT ERAPS


720411170

yb nekat seitivitca fo dnik eht ebircsed ot saw yduts siht fo esoprup ehT atrakaygoY oricaB loohcS hgiH roinuJ ocsoB sennaoJ IIIV ssalc fo stneduts taht emit eraps eht ni seitivitca fo dnik eht yfitnedi dna raey cimedaca 2102/1102

tnatropmi deredisnoc erew IIIV ssalc fo stneduts eht yb tuo deirrac erar sniamer tub eud raey cimedaca 2102/1102 atrakaygoY oricaB loohcS hgiH roinuJ ocsoB senahoJ

.seludom ecnadiug erusiel/emit eraps fo gnikam eht ot noitacilpmi eht ot detcudnoc saw yduts evitpircseD htiw evrus a y dohtem , fo noitalupop a htiw

28 .stneduts stnemurtsni hcraeseR erew desu seriannoitseuq /emit eraps erusielseitivitca . tnemurtsni ehT saw depoleved yb srehcraeser no desab suoirav fo stcepsa

/emit eraps erusiel seitivitca stsisnoc dna fo owt evitanretla a ot srewsn tnatropmi ehtseitivitca fo ycnegrU ( )P tnacifingisni dna ( )PT dna yleman ycneuqerf noitucexE .

)DT( detucexenu & )D( detucexe gnissecorp ataD seuqinhcet erew desu fo tcejbus eht gnirocs srewsna eht , gnikam noitalubat eht atad fo dna etupmoc eht latot rewsna ,

etaluclac egareva eht dna yfissalc , stluser eht yalpsid hcraeser fo . dewohs stluser ehT : oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ PMS fo ytivitca suoirav era esehT

emag gniyalp ,)%5,19( gnigassem txet ,)%8,89( noisivelet gnihctaw :atrakaygoYgniyarp dna ,)%2,09( .)%2,09( tae erofeb T eh fo rebmun 87 smeti ,seitivitca fo

yleman 1( 81 ) smeti seitivitca fo deredisnoc erew taht fo ytirojam eht tneduts seitivitca tub tnatropmi era detnemelpmi ton , srehto gnoma : eht daer elcitra , gninrom

scitsanmyg ,stra laitram , eht gninaelc roolf moorhtab , eht niard but , gnippom sroolf ,gnipiw sehtolc , , gnirotut egaugnal naisenodnI gnirotut htam cisyhp , gnirotut ,

gnirotut cimonoce , esenavaJ snossel ecnad ,snossel onaip , ratiug snossel , murd snossel , lacov snossel , sel gnimmiws snos ,secivres , pihsrow fo secalp )2( , smeti 6

erew deredisnoc fo ytirojam eht tneduts seitivitca tub tnatropmi ton detnemelpmi ,,srehto gnoma ot gninetsil cisum zzaJ , gnidaer seirots trohs , gnidaer scimoc , gnihctaw

no seivom retupmoc eht , tuo gniog , dna ot og retnec gnippohs eht .


xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK

halet gnay airaM adnuB nad suseY nahuT adapek rukuys nad ijuP

nagnibmib nad ,tamhar ,hakreb nahapmilek nakirebmem - silunep aggnihes AYN

nususid ini ispirkS .racnal nad kiab nagned ini ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad kutnu

idutS margorP irad nakididneP anajraS raleg helorepmem tarays utas halas ihunemem

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB

,naitahrep ,nautnab takreb nususret tapad ini ispirks awhab iradaynem siluneP

iagabreb irad nagnibmib nad ,nagnukud nigni silunep ini natapmesek adaP .kahip

rasebes gnay hisakamiret nakpacugnem - :adapek aynraseb

.1 nad ukaod nakragnednem ulales gnay airaM adnuB nad sutsirK suseY nahuT

.aynnaklubagnem

.2 nad nagnibmiB idutS margorP autek ukales ,is.M ,suraB nodneG .srD kapaB

oK narabasek hunep gnay gnibmibmep nesod ukales nad amrahD atanaS gnilesn

taafnamreb gnay nakusam ,naharagnep irebmem ,gnibmibmem nanekreb halet

aggnih lawa irad ini ispirks nakiaseleynem malad silunep adapek nagnatnat nad

.rihka

.3 suisicraT ukkapaB muhramlA ,iatnic uka nad ignayas uka gnay idaH onopeoS

aod nad nagnorod ,iretam ,gnayas hisak nairebmep aumes sata hisak amiret

.kapaB gnayas uka ,ukkutnu tagnames halada kapaB ,ukkutnu


x

.4 ubi ahasu`sata hisak amiret ,iatnic nad gnayas uka gnay hainoB aicuL ukubI

utnu ,nagnorod ,gnayas hisak nairebmep ,iaseles iapmas ukhailuk iayaibmem k

.ubI gnayas uka ,ukkutnu aod nad tagnames

.5 nakirebmem halet gnay atrakaygoY oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ PMS halokes alapeK

.naitileneP nad aboC ijU nakanaskalem kutnu niji

.6 awsiS – PMS iwsis sata IIIV salek aynsusuhk atrakaygoY oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ

.renoiseuk isignem malad aynnautnab

.7 .atrakaygoY oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ PMS nawayrak aumes nad urug ubi/kapaB

.8 ,totag saM nad itnaS kabM( ignayasuk gnay ukukrapi kakak nad kakaK aumeS

kabM nad kidiD saM ukirebmem ulales gnay ,)suY saM nad siliL kabM ,ypeP

.ukkutnu tagnames nad nagnorod ,aod ,gnayas hisak

.9 tagnames nad nagnorod ,aod sata hisak amiret ,ignayas uka gnay atreB ukkidA

.ukkutnu

.01 .)tnecniv nad okiN ,udnaP ,sagaB( ignayasuk gnay uknakanopek aumeS

.11 ,nagnorod ,aod nakirebmem ulales gnay ,ojomtariW hiraW sunitsuY ukracaP

aides pais ulales ini amales aynnautnab sata hisak amiret nad ,tagnames

.ukutnabmem

.21 tabahaS - nad ,ynO ,toraJ ,tayiK ,ihtsA ,arI ,enovI( ,”OLUG OROL“ ,uktabahas

.)ojeT

.31 nad acaC uktabahaS .ini ispirks nakajregnem malad amasreb ulales gnay itseH

.41 .tnirpegn utnabmem hadus gnay tnecniV taub hisakamireT


ix

.51 nameT - nagnukud nad naaraduasrep sata hisak amiret ,7002 ntakagna namet

.iduts amales

.61 sata utas rep utas naktubesid tapad kadit gnay kahiP aumeS ,nagnukud alages

malad amaturet gnusgnal kadit nupuam gnusgnal kiab nautnab nad ,naitahrep

.ini ispirks nasilunep

adapek hapmilem gnay tamhar nad takreb nakirebmem ususeY nahuT agomeS

.nima ,aumes atik

mreb ini ispirks agomes parahreb silunep ,aynrihkA nad acabmep igab taafna

.gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB padahret tanimreb gnay ajas apais igab aguj

siluneP


iix

ISI RATFAD

namalaH

NAMALAH LUDUJ ................................ ................................ ............................... i

NAMALAH EP NAUJUTESR NAGNIBMIB ................................ ........................ ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ................. iii

AMALAH NAHABMESREP NAD OTTOM N ................................ ..................... vi

NAMALAH AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ................................ ............ v

ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP NARABMEL AYRAK SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI ................................ ................ iv

ARTSBA K ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. iv i

TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ iiv i

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ ............................ xi

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... x ii

LEBAT RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ ... vx

NARIPMAL RATFAD ................................ ................................ ........................... ivx

NAULUHADNEP I BAB

.A gnakaleB rataL ................................ ................................ ............................ 1

.B halasaM nasumuR ................................ ................................ ....................... 4

.C naitileneP naujuT ................................ ................................ ........................ 4

.D naitileneP taafnaM ................................ ................................ ...................... 5

.E lebairaV lanoisarepO isinifeD nad halitsI isinifeD ................................ ..... 6


iiix

BAB II IROET NASADNAL

.A gnauL utkaW naanuggneP ................................ ................................ .......... 8

.1 utkaW naitregneP ................................ ................................ .................. 8

.2 utkaW nemejanaM ................................ ................................ ................ 9

.3 gnauL utkaW ................................ ................................ ......................... 01

.4 rotkaF - ignakalebrataleM gnay rotkaf gnauL utkaW aynidajreT .......... 41

.5 gnauL utkaW isgnuF nad taafnaM ................................ ........................ 61

.6 rotkaF - rotkaf gnauL utkaW naisigneP nahilimeP ................................ . 61

.7 gnauL utkaW naisigneP nataigeK ................................ ......................... 71

.B aynnataigeK nad ajameR ................................ ................................ ............. 12

.1 ajameR takikaH ................................ ................................ ..................... 12

.2 iriC - ajameR iric ................................ ................................ ..................... 22

.3 taniM naitregneP ................................ ................................ ................... 42

.4 taniM - ajameR tanim ................................ ................................ .............. 25

.5 nataigeK - ajameR nagnalaK id relupoP gnay nataigek .......................... 92

.C gnauL utkaW nataafnameP nagnibmiB ................................ ...................... 03

.D ameT - gnauLutkaW naanuggneP nagnibmiB amet ................................ ..... 13

NAITILENEP EDOTEM III BAB

.A naitileneP sineJ ................................ ................................ ............................ 23

.B naitileneP keybuS ................................ ................................ ........................ 23


vix

.C naitileneP nemurtsnI ................................ ................................ .................... 33

.D nad nalupmugneP kinkeT ataD sisilanA ................................ ..................... 93

NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH VI BAB

.A naitileneP lisaH ................................ ................................ ........................... 34

.B naitileneP lisaH nasahabmeP ................................ ................................ ...... 94

.C ludoM nalusU - nagnibmiB ludom ................................ ............................... 46

NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK V BAB

.A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ ................................ . 59

.B naraS ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 69

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ ............................. 79

NARIPMAL ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 101


vx

LEBAT RATFAD

namalaH

1 lebaT PMS IIIV saleK awsiS halmuJ : oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ

atrakaygoY 1102/0102 narajA nuhaT ................................ ......... 43

2 lebaT : isiK - nosiuK isik utkaW isigneM nataigeK magaR re gnauL ....... 53

3 lebaT : irogetaK nagnologgneP fitanretlA auD nakrasadreB isas

nabawaJ ................................ ................................ ....................... 14

4 lebaT : awsiS helo nakukaliD gnay gnauL utkaW nataigeK - iwsis

PMS IIIV saleK atrakaygoY oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ

2102/1102 naraja nuhaT ................................ .............................. 44

5 lebaT : nataigeK isneukerF nad nataigeK isnegrU irogetaK ................... 84

6 lebaT : malad metI irogetaK isneukerF nad nataigeK isnegrU

nataigeK ................................ ................................ ....................... 94


ivx

NARIPMAL RATFAD

namalaH

1 naripmaL .......................................... satilibaileR nagnutihreP lisaH : 101 ........

2 naripmaL : 401 ..................................................................... naitilenep tekgnA

3 naripmaL : 901 ................................................. naitileneP lisaH ataD isalubaT

4 naripmaL : 011 ............................................ naitileneP nakadagneM nijI taruS

5 naripmaL : ..... naitileneP nakadagneM haleT nagnareteK taruS 111 ................


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A gnakaleB rataL

nataigek irad raulek awsis anamid utkaw halada gnaul utkaW gnay amatu

.nitur ,ini lah malaD halada gnaul utkaw nataafnamep taas - gnaggnes taas gnay

kefe gnay pudih satifitkudorp naktakgninem anug fitisop araces naktaafnamid .fit

gnitnep aparebeS hak naanuggnep gnaul utkaw awsis nalisahrebek ihuragnepmem

naktaafnamid gnay awsis gnaul utkaW ?satifitaerk nad simedaka isatserp malad

pakis nakhubmunem naka radas kadit uata radas araces ,fitisop nataigek nagned

akirebmem nad fitaerk igab taafnamreb gnay namalagnep n nagnabmekrep

,sigolokisp kisif , .laisos nupuam ,naikimed numaN gnaul utkaw nataafnamep

t gnay nad sukof kadi fitkudorp kadit ,asar nalipmaretek naklupmunem naka

isome , pmadreb naka aggnihes laisos nad .nagnabmekrep adap ka P nataafname

umu adap ajamer nagnalak id gnaul utkaw m araces gnusgnalreb muleb ayn

.fitkefe

ajamer asaM nagnadnap turunem :5002 ,irorsA nad ilA( kcolruH )9 halada

hurules malad nahubmutrep asam kepsa laisos ,lanoisome ,latnem nagnatamek

.kisif nad nadnaP eB nag :5002 ,irorsA nad ilA( kr p )11 asam adap nahubmutre

d ajamer aynada nagned iadnati nahaburep - nahaburep ,tareb aynhabmatreb utiay

toto nad gnalut ,nadab iggnit uata gnajnap - hubut rakgnil ,tauk idajnem toto


2

C .anrupmes idajnem hubut nagro nad ,raseb idajnem dne gnure ajamer nigni

nakkujnunem nad isnetsiske nasapelep grene ek i .nataigek iagabreb malad

ini naadaek tagnigneM nad taubmem upmam surah halokes nad aut gnaro akam ,

isidnok isautis nakatpicnem ,nakgnaneynem gnay narajalebmep apnat nabeb

d ,nahibelreb gnay sagut na - kitsilaer gnay halokes sagut kutnu tutnutid halokeS .

satilisaf nakaideynem upmam rajaleb iadamem gnay , nakaideynem aidem , nad

awsis igab hadaw lamiskam araces ayntakab nad tanim nakrulaynem kutnu

upmam aggnihes akerem rilumitsnem kutnu ktaafnemem naul utkaw na g araces

fitkefe nad fitkudorp .

fitisop nataigeK k :apureb tapad gnaul utkaw naanuggnep taharitsi nataige

( ytivitca noitaxaler nalaj ,) - sivelet notnonem ,nalaj i oidar nakragnednem , , uata

dekes reb ra iatnas - iatnas .rudit ramak id nataigeK nuggnep tapad gnaul utkaw naa

nataigek apureb aguj ( narubih ytivitca tnemniatretne ,) :itrepes emag nagned

,retupmok igolonket nataafnamep iynaynem ,agar halo , nad nataigek - id nataigek

( nagnaur raul odtuo ro ytivitca ). nataigeK gnilap gnay gnaul utkaw naanuggnep

efe nataigek apureb tapad ajamer nagnabmekrep nad nahubmutrep igab fitk

( irid nagnabmegnep ytivitca tnempoleved lanosrep ,) :itrepes luagreb ,nametreb ,

itukignem sativitka aut gnaro naajrekep utnabmem ,gnupmak id isasinagroreb di

hamur rtske nataigek itukignem , id relukiruka halokes nataigek nad , - nataigek

nagned nagnubuhreb gnay napaisrep najnej ujunem hibel gnay nakididnep g

.iggnit


3

B naitilenep iagabre aisu aynhabmatreb nikam awhab nakkujnunem nad

ataynret gnaroeses nakididnep takgnit kepsa adap huragnepreb - kepsa

itrepes kimedaka non nad kimedaka nagnabmekrep isavitom ,tanim ,naidabirpek ,

nial nad - nial . aynrasad adap tubesret kimedaka non isnemid nagnabmekreP tapad

iulalem helorepid nataigek - nataigek asib ini laH .gnaul utkaw naisignep

naisignep anerak itregnemid nagnabmegnep kutnu taafnamreb tapad gnaul utkaw

nauhategnep habmanem ,irid , saulrepmem aguj .)8891 ,imskalotisruM( naluagrep

malagnep nakrasadreB itilenep na PMS id LPP amales J sennao oB ocs

p ,atrakaygoY oricaB itilene w nakanuggnem awsis arap awhab tahilem utka

.fitkefe kadit araces ayngnaul ned awsis itakednem itileneP nad lorbognem nag

awsis arap nakukalid gnay gnaul utkaw ianegnem aynatreb itilenep nalorbo irad ,

kadit araces ayngnaul utkaw nakanuggnem awsis arap kaynab ,awsis nagned

fitkefe akitek :lasiM . awsis arap ,salek kusam kadit urug taas adap gnosok maj

niamreb nagned tubesret gnaul utkaw nakanuggnem - malad id lorbognem ,niam

awsis arap halokes gnalup taas adaP .nakam kutnu nitnak ek igrep uata ,salek

akerem ipatet ,gnalup gnusgnal kadit gnay kaynab id ,salek naped id lorbognem

.halokes naped id uata ,namat gnay kaynab awsis arap ,hamur id gnaul utkaW

nalaj kutnu utkaw nakanuggnem - kaynab nad ,rudit ,nakoobecaf ,emagegn ,nalaj

.awsis arap nakukal id gnay nial nataigek nep uti aneraK itile gnem nigni ate iuh

nataigek magar awsis nakukalid gnay ajas apa - oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ PMS iwsis

.gnaul utkaw ikilimem akerem taas adap atrakaygoY nigni aguj siluneP

kopmolegnem nad iuhategnem k nataigek nad gnitnep gnay nataigek aratna na


4

kalid hadus gnay gnitnep kadit gnay taas awsis arap naku isignem .gnaul utkaw

ataigek magar nakrasadreB n awsis nakukalid hadus gnay – akam tubesret iwsis

naka silunep ludom nusuynem - ludom nagnibmib igab gnaul utkaw nataafnamep

PMS awsis aitilenep nakadagnem naka siluneP . awsis padahret n - wsis IV salek i II

ad hadus paggnaid anerak nataigek magar naksalejnem tap asaib gnay ajas apa

.gnaul utkaw ikilimem taas adap nakukal akerem

.B halasaM nasumuR

M halasa - gnay halasam araces naksumurid ini naitilenep iulalem bawajid

:tukireb iagabes lanoisarepo

.1 magaR nataigek apa nakanaskalid gnay hakajas kutnu gnaul utkaw isignem id

awsis arap nagnalak IIV salek I Y oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ PMS atrakaygo nuhat

102 naraja 1 102/ 2?

.2 gnay hakajas apa gnaul utkaw naisignep nataigek magaR gnitnep paggnaid

numan kalid akgnal hisam akanas n awsis satiroyam helo IIV salek I PMS

soB sennaoJ atrakaygoY oricaB oc nuhat 102 naraja 1 102/ 2?

.C naitileneP naujuT

:kutnu naujutreb ini naitileneP

.1 magar nakispirksedneM nataigek gnep i nais d gnay gnaul utkaw kali anas nak

awsis - IV salek iwsis II sennaoJ PMS caB ocsoB naraja nuhat atrakaygoY ori

102 1 102/ 2.


5

.2 gneM i ignep nataigek magar isakifitned gnay gnaul utkaw nais paggnaid

numan gnitnep akgnal hisam helo nakukalid arap IIV salek awsis I PMS

soB sennaoJ 102 naraja atrakaygoY oricaB oc 1 102/ 2 aynisakilpmi malad

ret gnaul utkaw naanuggnep nagnibmib ludom nanusuynep padah .

.D naitileneP taafnaM

.1 sitiroeT taafnaM

nauhategnep nakirebmem ini naitileneP imahamem kutnu rolesnok nolac

tapad aggnihes ,ajamer nagnalakid gnaul utkaw nataafnamep anemonef

anegnem narabmag nakirebmem gnay gnaul utkaw isignem nataigek magar i

em aguj ini naitileneP .awsis arap nakukalid nalusu nagnabmus nakirebm

ludom - helo nakukalid gnaul utkaw naanuggnep nagned tiakret gnay ludom

.awsis arap

.2 sitkarP taafnaM

.a halokeS rolesnoK igaB d ini naitilenep lisah , kutnu anugreb tapa

nakirebmem isamrofni gnaul utkaw naisignep nataigek magareb gnatnet

gnay kidid atresep arap nakukalid akgnal gnay nupuam nakukalid hadus

nusuynem kutnu fitadnemoker nahab iagabes nanayalep anacner

ubek nagned iauses tapet gnay nagnibmib nahut PMS id awsis arap

apureb naitilenep lisah ,uti nialeS .atrakaygoY oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ

gnay gnaul utkaw naanuggnep nagnibmib ludom nagnabmegnep hotnoc

halokes rolesnok helo nakanugid tapad ini naitilenep malad naklisahid


6

anretla nakujur nahab iagabes naanuggnep nagnibmib nanayalep malad fit

.salek id gnaul utkaw

.b igaB p wsis ara kutnu iskelfer nahab idajnem tapad ini naitilenep lisah ,a

,fitairav gnay gnaul utkaw naisignep nataigek magareb isakifitnedignem

nataigek magar ilaggnem aynutnabmem nad ,fitkefe utkaw naisignep

.aynirid nagnabmegnep malad nakukalid kutnu laisnetop gnay gnaul

.c ,itileneP igaB utaus nakapurem ini naitilenep malad natabilretek

apmesek sesorpreb nad inalajnem kutnu nat itilenep nataigek malad na ,

naktalubmem aggnihes ukalirep ipmartek nad ketkarp malad itilenep nal

.halokes rolesnok satilanoiseforp takgnarep igab nakulrepid gnay tesir

.d itilenep igaB nial tapad ini naitilenep lisah , irebmem isaripsni kutnu

naitilenep nakukalem ametes tapad nad nial itilenep utnabmem

nataigek magar iuhategnem p nakanugrepid gnay taas adap awsis ara

naul utkaw g aggnihes .ini naitilenep napukac saulrepmem kutnu

.E halitsI isinifeD nad bairaV lanoisarepO isinifeD le

.1 magaR nataigek naitilenep malad nakduskamid gnay gnaul utkaw naisignep

ini halada r maga gnay nataigek d akgnar malad nakukali isignem taas - taas

gnaggnes apureb nataigek nakutnetid gnay iridnes tanim nagned iauses

reb aggnihes taafnam nahutubek ihunemem kutnu idabirp nagnabmegnep

sos nataigeK .lai - malad nakduskamid gnay gnaul utkaw nataafnamep nataigek

itilenep .ini naitilenep nemurtsni malad naklanoisarepoid ini na


7

.2 nagnibmiB naanuggnep halada gnaul utkaw ianegnem nagnibmib

nataafnamep awsis adapek nakirebid gnay gnaul utkaw – araces iwsis

awsis utnabmem kutnu naujutreb gnay kopmolekreb naktaafnamem tapad raga

nataigek nagned gnaul utkaw - ataigek bmegnem ,fitkudorp hibel gnay n an nakg

nataigek malad irid - nalipmartek hasagnem ,taafnamreb gnay nataigek -

pahat aynnakanaskalret ujunem neveler gnay laisosokisp nalipmartek - pahat

lamitpo gnay nagnabmekrep .


8

BAB II

L IROET NASADNA

.A gnauL utkaW naanuggneP

.1 utkaW naitregneP

malad id ragned atik ilak gnires ini napakgnu ”gnau halada utkaW“

irahes napakacrep - tapad akerem alib utkaw iagrahgnem tapad gnarO .irah

pA .ikilimid gnay utkaw nakanuggnem irad taafnam helorepmem naujut nupa

atic nad - kutnu sarek ajrek nad ahasu tutnunem ,nakpatet atik halet gnay atic

nakanacnerid halet gnay sativitka naknalajnem .)17:3002 ,enallipS(

suret nad amatu nanitahirpek utas halaS - gnaro aumes igab surenem

d atik anamiagab halada ini asawed ,utkaw isignem uata nakanuggnem tapa

tas amales lucnum gnay naulrepek isatagnem tapad atik anamiagab utiay u

napudihek namet irad gnatad tubesret naulrepeK . - pudih nad ,naajrekep ,namet

.atik inahor nagnoroD - s uata nagnatnetreb gnires nad tilus gnay nagnorod gnila

d napudihek malad gniasreb rusnu utaus iaynupmem ini asawe muidem uata

utkaw utiay ,amas gnay )emit( araces iatnicnem kutnu gnaujreb atik taas adaP .

asarem uata ini rusnu irad irid iradnihgnem nad ,fitaerk araces ajrekeb ,kiab

auses halada utkaw awhab .atik lortnok raul id nakirebid gnay ut

utkaW turunem aisenodnI asahaB raseB sumaK halada )7991(

uata adareb naadaek uata nataubrep ,sesorp akitek taas naiakgnar hurules


9

haub aud aratna lavretni nakapurem utkaw alaks ,ini lah malaD .gnusgnalreb

ek/naadaek .naidajek utaus ayngnusgnalreb amal nakapurem asib uata ,naidaj

.2 nemejanaM W utka

M em aynah nakub utkaw nemejana ma uti utkaw naalolegnep adap uc

b adap gnurednec hibel ipatet ,iridnes kutnU .utkaw naktaafnamem anamiaga

surah ,ini nakukalem tapad p nakutnenem naajrekep magareb irad satiroir

ay gn id aggnihes ,ipadah igrene nad utkaw naksukofmem tapad naajrekep adap

gnitnep gnay woletknaM( , 02 01 )1: .

janam malad amatu lah nakapurem utkaw nemejanaM e .irid nem

nemejanaM irid knialem ,atames nauhategnep haubes halnakub a taus n arac u

.napudihek malad surenem suret araces nakukalid gnay naasaibek uata pudih

napudiheK asam nakutnenem naka ini taas inalajid gnay onoskaskojirP( naped

,onowaB nad 3002 : .)xix

kited paites awhab nakitsamem kutnU ini agrahreb tagnas gnay

akanugid utkaw isakol sata nasawagnep nakukalem ulrep atik ,kiab nagned n

nakiladnegnem tapad kadit gnarO .nakukal atik gnay sativitka paites igab

naigab adA .nesrep sutares ada gnay utkaw - nakiladnekid gnay utkaw naigab

agut nakajregnem aynlasim ,nial gnaro helo s ( .)27:3002 ,enallipS


01

.3 utkaW L gnau

.a gnauL utkaW naitregneP

W halada gnaul utka taas - gnaggnes taas gnay tapad nagned isiid

id sativitka huggnus atik anam - adebreb gnay ainud malad rikifreb huggnus

nud nagned ilakes amas naajrekep ai .)201:3002 ,enallipS(

ud adA ayag uata alop a :gnaul utkaw naanuggnep

)1 .nakiysaek naklubminem gnay nataigek malad ek irid nakiraleM

)2 .fisap araces narubihgnep imalagnem nad nataigek naklaminimeM

.isnemid 3 irad gnaul utkaw halitsi itra tahilem )0002( ijdakuS

,utkaw isnemid irad tahiliD kadit gnay utkaw iagabes tahilid gnaul utkaw

,nabijawek nakanaskalem ,hakfan iracnem ;”ajrekeb“ kutnu nakanugid

.pudih naknahatrepmem nad

sahab malaD I a natubes nagned lanekid gnaul utkaw sirggn

erusiel . ataK l erusie asareb iridnes l b gnay nital asahab irad itrare erecil

nakniziid utiay )dettimrep eb ot( sabeb idajnem uata .)eerf eb ot( malaD

asahab P atak ,sicnare risiol gnaul utkaw itrareb iridnes .)emit eerf( idaJ

irad sapelret gnay utkaw nakisinefedid tapad gnaul utkaw mumu araces

nanaket noc morf modeerf( )tniarts .

gnaul utkaw isinifeD l( ie )erus natapmesek aynada utiay utkaw

hilimem kutnu )esoohc ot ytinutroppo( , sibahes asisret gnay utkaw

ajrekeb )krow retfa revo tfel emit( haletes gnaul utkaw iagabes uata


11

os sagut alages nakajregnem s dajnem halet gnay lai nabijawek i emit eerf(

)tem neeb evah seitud laicos yrotagilba retfa ,nesdlikroT( 5002 : )52

.b utkaW L iagabes gnau W utka

kaw igoloisos sumak nakrasadreB utkaw nakapurem gnaul ut

aggnes gn bek alages haletes nakukalid iaseles pudih nahutu y ,anam gna

ebmem ini lah ( utkaw nahabmat nakir emit sulprus nakukalem kutnu )

helo gnukudid tubesret naataynreP .nanigniek nagned iauses lah alages

llibthgirB nesdlikroT( , :5002 )62 gnaul utkaw awhab napaggnareb gnay

irogetak malad kusam alibapa utkaw nagned natiakreb tagnas

ercsid emit yranoit , nad naialinep turunem nakanugid gnay utkaw utiay

iridnes atik nahilip .

.c satifitkA iagabeS gnauL utkaW

macam iagabreb aynada nakanerakid gnaul utkaw aynadA

ehT turuneM .rubihgnem uata kididnem ayntafis gnay uti kiab nataigek

aul utkaw sreyemueN nakgnubaggnem natapmesek haubes halada gn

anam gnay ,fisap fitaler uata tagnames nagned uti kiab , satifitka aparebeb

ret kadit .nairah nahutubek kusam

erusieL fo ecneicS laicoS eht fo puorG lanoitanretni ehT , gnay

b nakisireb gnaul utkaw :awhab nakataynem gnay nataigek macam iagabre

kutnu uti kiab iridnes aynnanigniek itukignem naka gnaroeses anam

uata nauhategnep habmanem ,iridnes irid rubihgnem ,taharitsireb

naktakgninem uata fitkeybo araces aynnalipmartek nakgnabmegnem


21

s takaraysamreb malad naatrestukiek irad irid naksapelem ai halete

,aynnaajrekep .laisos nataigek nad ,agraulek ,uti naialeS naiakamep

erusiel satifitka kutnu - me pukgnacnem kifiseps gnay satifitka level tap

k nad ,fitka ,lanoisome ,fisap :utiay fitka tafisreb gnay natabilrete

( ,nesdlikroT 5002 : .)72

inatubihS ustomaT ( malad ,nesdlikroT 5002 72: ) araynem n nak

igabmem nagned aisunam nataigek sisilanagnem kutnu :awhab

utiay ,esaf uata isgnuf nakrasadreb :

)1 itaH ataK itukigneM esaF

pmI ul iges nagnabmiesek irad naktabikaid tapad anahredes fis

utiay kisif ,rapal asar : rep utiay igolokisp iges irad uata halel a taas naas

munim uata nakam haletes naasarep ,tapet gnay mutsok iakamem kadit

.kaynab ulalret

)2 imahameM esaF

paiteS i nagnukgnil malad id asarem kutnu iracnem udividn

nem malad naitregnep aparebeb gnatnet nabmiesek iapac adaP .nag

aka ,rapal asar susak n .nakam iulalem nagnabmiesek iapacnem asarem

)3 isalupinaM esaF

ayntujnales ,nagnabmiesek naiapacnep asarem tapad haleteS

uata ,nial gnaro ,iridnes irid isalupinamem hotnoC .ratikes id keybo ,

es rapal asarem alib utkaw p akam namet nagned naigrepreb a nakits


31

p ulal nanakam ilebmem kutnu gnau awabmem uluhad hibelret nakitsa

a namet n .narotser halirac nad nakam ayntaas uti awhab ad

)4 naanrupmeyneP esaF

nataubrep utaus irad rihka pahat adaP halada nagnabmiesek ,

nahilumep d adap ilauceK .nakam arac nagned ,rapal asar susak ala

ulales kadit uti ,)nagnares ,halel ,rapal( igolokisp nagnabmisek susak

.idajret halet nataubrep naanrupmeynep alib nakutnetid kutnu hadum

ni nad itnehreb halet ahasu utaus alib halada aynicnuK lad udivid ma

k .gnabmies naadae

.d gnauL utkaW s fitisoP gnay latneM pakiS uata itaH anasauS iagabe

repeiP , fesoJ ( malad esdlikroT n , :5002 )72 awhab napaggnareb

gnay pakis nad itah anasaus iagabes itregnemid surah gnaul utkaw

lah nagned nagnubuhreb - ini laH .naamagaek lah helo nakanerakid nakub

af k rot - irad lisah nakapurem aguj ini laH .raul irad gnatad gnay rotkaf

lawa kajeS .gnajnap narubil uata ,nakep rihka ,narubil ,gnaggnes utkaw

awij malad naadaek utaus nakapurem alop utaus malad pakis uata

narikimep .

.e beS gnauL utkaW sauL itrA ikilimeM gnay utauseS iaga

.irid nagnabmegnep nad ,narubih ,isaskaler halada gnaul utkaW

asar irad nahubmesek nakumenem naka,tubesret kepsa agitek malaD

lah irad nasabebek nad ,nasob asar irad nasapelep ,kepac - tafisreb gnay lah

aklisahgnem gned :n naul utkaw ,nial atak na irad iserpske nakapurem g


41

nagnubuhreb ,naaigahabek iracnem malad aisunam isaripsa hurules

urab naayadubek nad ,urab naanaskajibek ,urab kinte ,urab sagut nagned

( ,nesdlikroT :5002 2 .)8

.f utkaW asiS iagabes gnauL utkaW

turuneM os ilha rekraP yelnatS utiay sirggnI irad igolois malad(

,nesdlikroT :5002 2 )8 haletes utkaw asis iagabes gnaul utkaw naksalejnem

.kisif nahunemep nad ,nakam ,rudit ,halokes ,ajrekeb emiT laudiseR

nahutubek nahunemep haletes ada ulales gnay utkaw asis itra ikilimem

( eb ot eunitnoc kop nahutubek idajnem hadus nad ) nad nanakam itrepes ko

naiakap .

.4 rotkaF - rotkaf y .gnauL utkaW aynidajreT ignakalebrataleM gna

sadreB a ukub irad libmaid gnay napituk nakr noiterceR dna erusieL

tnemeganaM ( nesdlikroT , 5002 : 19 ) aparebeb ada ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf

apreb kutnu gnaroeses r isapisit enem nad n ,nahilip nakut gnipmasid

.pudih nagnadnap nad ,naayadubek ,tanim ,nahutubek ,kitsiretkarak

:halada tubesret rotkaF

.a agraulek malad naturu nad aisU

ojnonem tagnas gnay huragnep iaynupmem aisU malad l

isapisitrapreb turut kutnu gnaroeses ihuragnepmem sativitka utaus malad

kaw ,nesdlikroT( gnaul ut :5002 kanak asam adap ;aynhotnoC .)19 - ,kanak

kutnu nakhaB .ajamer asam aggnih raseb tagnas gnay nahaburep utaus ada


51

us tapadret ,nupasawed gnaro naruku raseb tagnas gnay nahaburep uta

lah malaD .aynisapisitrap takgnit nad aisu nagned natiakreb gnay aynusuhk

akam gnaroeses aisu takgnit iggnit nikames nikames awhab naksalejid ini

.aynnafitkaek takgnit alup nurunem nikames naka

.b sineJ K nimale

agnem annaH xaM nakapurem nimalek sinej awhab nakat halas

p gnilap gnay naigab utas e utkaw satifitka sinej nakadebmem malad gnitn

ikal kiab ,gnaul - utkaw satifitka igabreb gnilas naupmerep nupuam ikal

natapmesek ikilimem naupmerep aynnatujnalek adap ,amas gnay gnaul

ul gnay m kutnu sa gnaul utkaw satifitka nakukale ,nesdlikroT( :5002 .)29

.c nakididneP takgniT

gnaroeses nakididnep aynamal nad sineJ nagned tare nagnubuhreb

takgnit os takgnit ,nakididnep s nial nad ,naajrekep sinej ,lai - malaD .aynnial

ikal ,isapisitrap /naatrestukiek - ,adum fitaler gnay aisu takgnit nagned ikal

non gnay naajrekep ikilimem - hibel iggnit gnay ijag ikilimem nad ,launam

kutnu isakifilaukreb utkaw satifitka nakukalem gnaul ,nesdlikroT( :5002

.)59

awhab naklupmisid tapad ,gnaul utkaw irad isinifed aynkaynaB

w gnaul utka asis nad nanaket alages irad sapelret gnay utkaw iagabes

.nabijawek alages nakajregnem haletes utkaw


61

.5 nuF nad taafnaM g gnauL utkaW is

gnaul utkaw isigneM .taafnam ikilimem ajas utnet M na isignem taaf

gnaul utkaw )0002 ,ijdakuS( turunem al aratna halada ni :

.a ek naktakgninem asiB .inamsaj naarethajes

.b naktakgnineM .lanoisome nad latnem naragesek

.c em atik taubmeM .iridnes irid naupmamek ilanegn

.d nukudneM .irid agrah atres irid pesnok g

.e aleb anaraS .naupmamek nagnabmegnep nad raj

.f esek nad iserpske nasaipmaleP ,lautkeletni ,latnem ,inamsaj nagnabmi

.akitetse nupuam ,lautirips

.g gnay apa padahret natayahgnep nakukaleM id apnat iakus dit ka

.iretam iges nakiludrepmem

uti nialeS naksalejnem )0002 ,ijdakuS( aguj gnaul utkaw naisignep

hunemep iagabes isgnufreb nahutubek : itrepes ,laisos

.a mem aggnihes ajrek ayad naktakgnineM .sativitkudorp nad isatserp uca

.b gnihes ,ismusnok habmaneM .ajrek nagnapal naktakgninem ag

.c arugneM .nalakanek nad satilanimirk ign

.d nineM .takaraysamreb napudihek naktakg

.6 rotkaF - rotkaf P nahilime P naisigne W utka L : utiay ,gnau

turuneM a )0002 ,ijdakuS( surah gnay lah aparebeb ad

: utiay ,gnaul utkaw naisignep nahilimep malad nakgnabmitrepid


71

.a tapad gnay utkaw aynkaynaB id nakgnaul

.b agraulek nanignieK ajrek nagnukgnil uata ,naker ,

.c gnay ayaiB id ikilim

.d em namalagneP gn uluhadret gnay gnaul utkaw isi

.e nataigek nahilip naaidesreteK

.f nahal naaidesreteK

.g naupmameK nataigek nakukalem malad

.h idabirp nahutubeK

.i ay ialiN gn id tuna

.j tapmet ayaduB nataigek nakanaskalem naka

.k nataigekreb tapmet takaraysam pakiS .

.7 nataigeK naisigneP tkaW gnauL u

kaynaB .fitisop gnay nataigek nagned nakanugid tapad gnaul utkaW

.gnaul utkaw ikilimem ai taas ajamer arap helo nakukalid gnay nataigek

6002( kcolruH turuneM 812: - )222 akukalid asaib gnay nataigek aparebeb ada

:ajamer arap helo

.a jameR isaerkeR taniM a

)1 kisum nakragnedneM

uata rajaleb libmas kisum nakragnednem rameg ajameR

kutneb itukignem - .irid gnaroes kutnu narubih kutneb y narubiH gna

ilap margorp halada iramegid gn - rgorp .relupop kisum ma


81

)2 acabmeM

iagabes acabmem kutnu aynutkaw isatabmem halet ajameR

r ukub adap irad halajam iakuynem hibel gnurednec akerem ,isaerke -

amaL .ukub - ukub naamalek - tarus nad kiranem igal kadit kimok ukub

.relupop idajnem nikames rabak

)3 agar halO

malad igal kiranem kadit isasinagroret gnay agar halO

lajrep amer nad ,ajamer asam nana um aj .nanotnot agar halo iakuyem ial

)4 iatnasreB

iatnasreb rameg ajameR - namet nagned lorbognem nad iatnas -

.uarugreb nad nial gnaro nakaracibmem libmas nakam akereM .namet

munim uata sarek namunim munim ,kokorem raseb hibel gnay ajameR

tabo - .gnaralret natabo

)5 emag niamreB

nugnabmem gnay narutarep nalupmukes sata iridret naniamreP

nagned kopmolek uata gnaro aparebeb iapmas aud irad gniasreb isautis

nagnanemek naklamiskamem kutnu nugnabid gnay igetarts hilimem

nawal nagnanemek naklaminimem kutnu nup uata iridnes narutareP . -

,niamep paites kutnu nakadnit nanikgnumek nakutnenem narutarep

,niamreb naujamek iagabes niamep paites amiretid nagnaretek halmujes

ek uata nagnanemek halmujes nad isautis iagabreb malad nahalak

( nnamueN nad nretsnegroM , 3591 .)


91

)6 notnoneM

notnoneM arap helo nakukalid gnires gnay nataigek nakapurem

apurem mlif notnoneM .ajamer nataigek nak nad iramegid gnay

naupmerep kanA .relupop gnay nacnekreb nataigek idajnem ayntujnales

ikal kana nakgnades sitnamor gnay mlif iakuynem hibel - hibel ikal

if iakuynem .gnalautep ml

)7 iboH nakukaleM

nataigek nakapurem iboh raseb naigabeS - isaerker nataigek

iboh adap tanimreb hibel relupop kadit gnay ajamer akam ,irid gnaroes

gnay ajamer kaynaB .aynnial isaerker kutneb nagned nakgnidnabid

amreb gnay iboh iagabreb nakukalem .taafn

)8 naigrepreB

huaj igrep nigni nad narubil amales naigrepreb gnanes ajameR -

gnaro anerak naknikgnumid ini lah ajamer kaynab igaB .hamur irad huaj

hamur aynada nad ayak gnay aut - kutnu susuhk napanignep hamur

.adum aluwak

)9 numaleM

gnay ajamer namumal malaD irid nakgnayabmem ajamer ,sahk

y nawalhap iagabes uleid gna - anerak ayabes kopmolek helo nakule

gnay isaerker kutneb nakapurem numaleM .iggnit gnay aynisatserp

.naipesek uata nasob asarem akerem alibapa ajamer aratnaid relupop


02

.b taniM - mumU gnay laisoS tanim p ajameR ada

)1 kreB laisos nataige

taniM gnay natapmesek adap gnutnagreb laisos tafisreb gnay

kutnu ajamer helorepid kaynab .tubesret tanim takab nakgnabmegnem

asarem gnay akerem gnolonem kutnu tanimreb tagnas gnay ajamer

nakukalrepid ,itregnemid kadit aynirid asarem gnay uata ,kiab gnaruk

.naketret

)2 eM naajrekep nakukal hamur

aut gnaro utnabmem uam kadit ilakgnires gnay ajamer kaynaB

niamreb aynah akerem ,hamur nakhisrebmem - akerem nakhab ajas niam

numaN .hamur id utnabmep adapek naajrekep aumes nakhareynem

hisam aut gnaro utnabmem uam gnay ajamer naigabes ada

.asaib raul gnay lah halada ini itrepes laH .hamur nakhisrebmem

.c nakididneP adap taniM

)1 seL itukigneM

ajamer helo nakukalid asaib gnay nataigek nakapurem seL

etes sel nataigek itukignem akereM .halokesreb gnay .halokes gnalup hal

,irat sel ,kisum sel itrepes ituki akerem gnay sel aparebeb adA sel

.nial gnay sel nad ,kimedaka


12

)2 rajaleB

halada rajaleb nataigek nakukalem gnay ajamer naigabeS

gni gnay ajamer ahasureb nagneD .naknigniid gnay isatserp hiarem i

sarek .iapacret naka itsap akiab gnay isatserp

)3 isuksidreB

namet nagned nakukalid isuksidreB - tapad isuksid kipot ,namet

aynasaiB .ayninalajid hadus gnay narajalep ianegnem ajamer taubmem

.lah utaus nakiduksidnem kutnu kopmolek aparebeb

.d amagA adap taniM

)1 itukigneM hadabi nataigek

,iskeloker :itrepes hadabi tapmet id nakukalid gnay nataigeK

artup ,ajamer nami nagnipmadnep - irtup ,talik nertnasep ,naijagnep ,ratla

.aynnial nataigek nad gnayhabmes

)2 aoD nakukaleM

uti hatne ,aodreb kutnu naksurahid atik irah paiteS

abmes ,gnayh ,malam aod ,igap aod ,nakam aod aod anevon talohs/

tujahat oirasor uata , .hibsat/

.B ajameR aynnataigeK nad

.1 ajameR takikaH

nad sitirk tagnas ,gnitnep tagnas gnay asam nakapurem ajamer asaM

agned aynajamer asam itawelem aisunam alib anerak ,natner tagnas n


22

nanalajrep malad nalagagek nakumenem naka naknikgnumid ,aynnalagagek

isiid uti ajamer asam alib aynkilabeS .ayntukireb asam adap napudihek

anug lisahreb nad fitkudorp tagnas gnay nataigek ,naseskusek hunep nagned

usamem kutnu irid nakpaiynem akgnar malad napudihek napahat ik

malad naseskusek naktapadnem naka uti aisunam naknikgnumid ,ayntujnales

seskus icnuk idajnem ajamer asam ,naikimed nagneD .aynpudih nanalajrep

.ayntujnales napudihek napahat ikusamem malad

hgilab mulebes taas irad ialumid ajamer asaM aisu adap rihkareb nad

aisu narasik malad adareb ajamer asam ,igolokisp ilha naigabes helO .hgilab

11 aratna - 11 aisu aratna nakatagnem gnay alupadA .nuhat 91 - nialeS .nuhat 42

kana asam irad )nahilarep asam( isisnart asam nakapurem ajamer asam ,uti -

nem kana ,asawed asam uju nakukalrepid igal uam kadit aisunam taas utiay

kana naigabes takaraysam nad agraulek nagnukgnil helo - tahilid ipatet ,kana

aynlatnem nad ,)naawijek( sikisp nagnabmekrep ,kisif nahubmutrep irad

adnat nakkujnem muleb - asam adaP .asawed adnat aisunam ,)ajamer asam( ini

kiab napudihek malad latnemadnuf tagnas gnay nahaburep imalagnem kaynab

ad kisif nahaburep )latnem nad naawijek( sikisp n ludbA( , 9002 2: .)

.2 iriC - ajameR iric

asaM ajamer adebmem gnay utnetret iric iaynupmem nagned nak

ynmulebes edoirep a . iriC - H turunem ajamer iric ( kcolru 6002 702: - 902 aratna ,)

: nial


32

.a gnitnep gnay edoirep iagabes ajamer asaM nahaburep utiay - nahaburep

gnay d nakirebmem naka ajamer asam imalaid adap gnusgnal kapma

gnay udividni nagnabmekrep ihuragnepmem naka nad natukgnasreb

.ayntujnales

.b ep edoirep iagabes ajamer asaM nahilar utiay , asam nagnabmekrep itrareb

kanak - anak tapad muleb nad igal k sutatS .asawed gnaro iagabes paggnaid

,salej kadit ajamer abocnem kutnu aynadap utkaw irebmem ini naadaek

tafis nad ialin ,ukalirep alop nakutnenem nad adebreb gnay pudih ayag

.aynirid nagned iauses gnilap gnay

.c aburep edoirep iagabes ajamer asaM isome adap nahaburep utiay ,nah

em( narep nad tanim ,hubut nahaburep ,)iridnam gnay asawed idajn

ialin adap nahaburep - es ,tunaid gnay ialin .nasabebek naka nanigniek atr

.d apureb ajamer iracid gnay irid satitnedi iracnem asam iagabes ajamer asaM

malad aynnanarep apa nad aynirid apais naksalejnem kutnu ahasu

.takaraysam

.e nakatakiD .natukatek naklubminem gnay asam iagabes ajamer asaM

laH .kiab gnaruk gnay ukalirepreb gnurednec ,rutaid tilus anerak naikimed

aut gnaro kaynab taubmem gnay ini .tukat idajnem

.f uata nagnugnibek imalagnem ajameR .asawed asam iagabes ajamer asaM

aynmulebes aisu adap naasaibek naklaggninem ahasu maladid natilusek

,asawed hadus uata ripmah akerem awhab nasek nakirebmem maladid nad

munim ,kokorem nagned utiay - k namunim tabo nakanuggnem ,sare - natabo


42

ini ukalirep awhab paggnagnem akereM .skes ukalirep malad tabilret nad

irebmem naka .naknigni akerem gnay artic nak aynada naklupmisiD

ajamer nagnurednecek ,ajamer irid adap sikisp nupuam kisif nahaburep

halasam imalagnem naka laH .nagnukgnil nagned irid naiauseynep malad

nagned nagnabmekrep sagut inalajnem tapad ajamer raga nakparahid ini

kiab - bawaj gnuggnat hunep nad kiab .

.3 M naitregneP tani

utaus irad iridret gnay latnem takgnarep utaus halada taniM

rah ,naasarep irad narupmac uata tukat asar ,akgnasarp ,nairidnep ,napa

nagnurednecek - nagnurednecek utaus adapek udividni nakharagnem gnay nial

utnetret nahilip ,eraippaM( .)26:2891

nagned tare nagnubuhreb gnay idabirp gnay utauses halada taniM

rasad nakapurem pakis nad taniM .pakis aguj tanim nad ,akgnasarp irad

gnaroeses nakbabeynem tapad taniM .nasutupek libmagnem malad gnitnep

uses ek ujunem nakukalem taig ayntanim kiranem halet gnay uta nad asranuG(

asranuG :5991 , .)86

( kcolruH 612:6002 , rebmus halada tanim awhab naksalejnem )

tom nigni gnay apa nakukalem kutnu gnaroeses gnorodnem gnay isavi

akiteK .hilimem sabeb akitek nakukalid utauses awhab ialinem gnaroeses

naka tubesret lah naidumek ,tanimreb idajnem naka akam ,taafnamreb naka

akam nurunem nasaupek akiteK .nasaupek nakgnatadnem naka aguj ayntanim


52

tafisreb tanim ipatet ,nenamrep tafisreb kadit tanim aggniheS .nurunem

habureb tapad uata aratnemes - .habu

.4 taniM - ajameR tanim

kcolruH( turuneM 812: 6002 , - :utiay ,ajamer adap tanim aparebeb ada )222

.a isaerkeR taniM

asam amaleS ,ajamer ec isaerker sativitka nakitnehgnem gnuredn

nagnabmekrep irad itnehreb nad aganet nanabrognep kaynab tutnunem

tamagnep iagabes kadnitreb ai aynmalad id gnay isaerker naka naakusek

.fisap nuhat irad naniamrep sativitka ,ajamer asam lawa adaP - nuhat

b aynmulebes hibel nad urab gnay isaerker kutneb nagned itnagid nad hilare

rusgnareB .gnatam - kanakek gnay naniamrep kutneb rusgna - nakanak

laudividni isaerker alop ,ajamer asam lawa gnalejnem nad gnalihgnem

.asawed asam lawa nad ajamer asam rihka alop nagned amas ripmah

.b laisoS taniM

gnay natapmesek adap gnutnagreb laisos tafisreb gnay taniM

helorepid adap nad tubesret tanim nakgnabmegnem kutnu ajamer

.kopmolek malad aynnarelupopek laisos sutats gnay ajamer gnaroeS

k tikides iaynupmem :lasim ,hadner aynagraulek simonoke natapmese

atsep adap tanim nakgnabmegnem kutnu - nagned nakgnidnabid atsep

.kiab hibel gnay agraulek gnakaleb ratal nagned ajamer ajamer ,alup utigeB

.satabret gnay laisos tanim iaynupmem naka relupop kadit gnay


62

.c taniM - idabirP tanim

em iridnes irid adap taniM nagnalak id taukret gnay tanim nakapur

halada aynbabes nupadA .adum aluwak awhab radas akerem awhab

gnukud a n nad irid nalipmanep helo ihuragnepid raseb tagnas laisos

adneb nakrasadreb aynirid ialinem laisos kopmolek awhab iuhategnem -

ek ,ikilimid gnay adneb kaynab nad laisos naatoggnaek ,halokes ,nairidnam

takgnagnem gnay sutats lobmis nakapurem inI .nakajnalebid gnay gnau

namet aratnaid ajamer awabiw - natapmesek rasebrepmem nad ayabes namet

taniM .raseb hibel gnay laisos nagnukud helorepmem kutnu - dabirp tanim i

:nial ratna ,naigab bus idajnem igabid

)1 iriD nalipmaneP adap taniM

naiakap pukgnacnem aynah kadit irid nalipmanep adap taniM

nad ,kirat ayad ,nahiparek ,idabirp nasaihrep pukgnacnem aguj ipatet

.lanoisoporp nagned iauses gnay hubut kutneb

)2 iakaP adap taniM na

irid naiauseyneP tganas laisos naiauseynep nad idabirp

namet pakis helo ihuragnepid - akam ,naiakap padahret ayabes namet

nagned irid nakiauseynem kutnu sarek ahasureb ajamer raseb naigabes

d kopmolek ikadnehekid gnay apa .naiakapreb mala

)3 atserp adap taniM is

nad idabirp nasaupek nakirebmem tapad kiab gnay isatserP

,agar halo malad kiab ,isatserp apagnem aynbabes halinI .naranetek


72

sagut - tanim idajnem ,laisos nataigek iagabreb nupuam halokes sagut

.ajamer asam gnajnapes tauk gnay

)4 nairidnameK adap taniM

gnieK asam lawa adap gnabmekreb iridnam kutnu tauk gnay nai

inI .rihkareb ini edoirep gnalejnem kacnup iapacnem nad ajamer

gnaro nad aut gnaro nagned nahisilesrep kaynab naklubminem - gnaro

itukignem kaynab hibel nakparahid naupmerep kanA .nial asawed

aro kadnehek ikal kana nagned nakgidnabid aut gn - ikal akerem akam ,

.hamur id nagnakegnep padahret katnorebmem kaynab hibel

)5 gnaU adap taniM

gnau awhab nakumenem naka tapec uata tabmal ajamer uameS

aumes inayalem aut gnaro gnajnapeS .nasabebek icnuk halada

nad nahutubek nakiladnegnem tapad aut gnaro ,ukas gnau nakirebmem

helorepmem kutu iridnes ajrekeb tapad ajamer ualaK .ajamer ukalirep

ini taniM .nairidnamek nad nasabebek itamkinem tapad aid ,gnau

kaynabes gnau naktapadnem aynarac anamiagab adap rasikreb amaturet

kgnum .nakukalid gnay naajarekep sinej nakiludrepmem apnat ,ni

.d nakididneP taniM

tanim aynraseB agnas nakididnep padahret ajamer ihuragnepid t

naajrekep nakparahgnem ajamer ualaK .naajrekep adap akerem tanim helo

aka nakididnep akam iggnit nakididnep tutnunem gnay iagabes paggnaid n

narajalep adap tanim huranem hibel ajamer aynasaiB .natacnol utab -


82

gnay naajrekep gnadib malad anugreb naka aynitnan gnay narajalep

.aynhilipid

.e amagA adap taniM

paggnagnem nad amaga adap tanim huranem inik asam ajameR

repreb amaga awhab aratna amaga adap taniM .napudihek malad gnitnep na

narajalep itukignem ,amaga halasam sahabmem nagned kapmat nial -

iagabreb itukignem nad ,ajereg ignujnugnem ,halokes id amaga narajalep

.amaga aracapu

.f sutatS lobmiS adap taniM

lobmis nakapurem sutats lobmiS nakkujnunem gnay esitserp

iaynupmem uata iggnit hibel tubesret lobmis ikilimem gnay gnaro awhab

lobmis ajamer asam amaleS .kopmolek malad iggnit hibel gnay sutats

tapme iaynupmem sutats awhab nial gnaro adap nakkujnunem :isgnuf

ajamer sos sutats iaynupmem adap irad iggnit hibel gnay imonoke lai

namet - gnay isatserp iapacnem ajamer awhab ,kopmolek malad nial namet

gnay atoggna nakapurem nad kopmolek malad gnubagreb ajamer ,iggnit

nagned amas gnay nataubrep uata nalipmanep anerak kopmolek amiretid

nalipmanep .nial kopmolek atoggna nataubrep nad


92

.5 nataigeK - ataigek n ajameR nagnalaK id relupoP gnay

.a nakaM

.b N notno

.c J nala - nalaj

.d M numale

.e M layahkgne

.f agarhalO itrepes : ,gnaner yllov , adepesreb ,iral .bsd ,

.g rudiT

.h namet nagned tahruC

.i S sm

.j F eca koob na

.k M noplene

.l ukub acaB

.m Ma kisum ni

.n M rabmaggne

.o M kasame

.p M nairah ukub silune

.q sereB - hisreb nad sereb - hisreb

.r kokoreM

.s naarahilep naweh surugneM

.t kita katu / surugneM nisem uata rotom ,libom kinakem

.u naracaP


03

.C nagnibmiB nataafnameP gnauL utkaW

B adapek nautnab nairebmep sesorp halada nagnibmi gnay udividni

imahamem tapad tubesret udividni ayapus ,nagnubmanisekreb araces nakukalid

,rajaw kadnitreb tapad nad irid nakharagnem tapad ai aggnihes ,iridnes aynirid

naikimed nagneD .takaraysam atres agraulek naadaek nad natutnut nagned iauses

tapad aid mem tapad atres aynpudih naaigahabek pacegnem nagnabmus nakireb

itrareb gnay lekniW( itutsaH nad 6002 , : )92 .

malad ajamer utnabmem kutnu ahasu halada gnaul utkaw nagnibmiB

uata lisah awabmem nad fitisop gnay nataigek nagned gnaul utkaw nakanuggnem

aafnamreb nial gnaro nupuam iridnes aynirid igab t ayruS nad ruhmujD( .)5791 ,

gnilesnoK hitalret gnay rolesnok gnaroes aratna nagnubuh halada

imahamem neilk utnabmem kutnu naujutreb ,hibel uata neilk gnaroes nagned

pek taubmem kutnu irajalepmem atres ,aynpudih gnaur iulalem iridnes nasutu

nahilip - iulalem nad isamrofni naksasareb gnay nad ankamreb gnay nahilip

halasam niaseleynep - idabirp halasam nad isome kutnebreb gnay halasam

( nidduL , .)61:0102

nagnibmib kokop gnilap nataigek naiakgnares nakapurem gnilesnoK

asu malad neilk raga naujut nagned ,akum patat araces ilesnok/neilk utnabmem ah

agabreb padahret iridnes bawaj gnuggnat libmagnem tapad uata nalaosrep i

neilk halasam 891 ,eraippaM( 2).


13

.D ameT - nauL utkaW naanuggneP nagnibmiB amet g

.1 ajaleb lawdaj taubmem arac naklanegneM hamur id r

.2 ales id hamur id nataigek lawdaj taubmem arac naklanegneM - lawdaj ales

rajaleb

.3 sinej naklanegneM - gnaul utkaw isignem kutnu fitisop gnay nataigek sinej

.4 fitisop araces tanim nad takab narulaynep nataigek nakharagneM

.5 irad tabika naigurek naklanegneM .utkaw naanuggnep malad nahalasek


23

III BAB

NAITILENEP EDOTEM

.A sineJ naitileneP

ini naitileneP naitilenep nakapurem pirksed fit ievrus edotem nagned .

kutnu nakujutid gnay naitilenep kutneb utaus halada fitpirksed naitileneP

nef nakispirksednem anemo - nupuam haimala anemonef kiab ,ada gnay anemonef

,sativitka ,kutneb apureb asib uti anemoneF .aisunam nataub anemonef

anemonef aratna naadebrep nad ,naamasek ,nagnubuh ,nahaburep ,kitsiretkarak

aynnial anemonef nagned utas gnay :6002 ,atanidamkuS( 27 ). ini naitileneP

gnatnet narabmag helorepmem kutnu nakduskamid nataigek naisignep utkaw

l anaskalid gnay gnau awsis nak IIV salek I oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ PMS

atrakaygoY 2102/1102 naraja nuhat .

.B S jbu naitileneP ke

jbuS p ke awsis halada ini naitilene IIV salek I ocsoB sennaoJ PMS

aB ja nuhat atrakaygoY oric a 2102/1102 nar ilenep halada ini naitileneP . nait

jbus aumes anerak ,isalupop tapad nad ,itilenep helo uakgnajid tapad ke

s iagabes nakatrestukiid awsis isalupoP .atad rebmu IIV salek I ssennaoJ PMS

ygoY oricaB ocsoB hat atraka 2102/1102 naraja nu 11 halmujreb 3 awsis gnay

salek 4 irad iridret aboc iju kutnu atad libmaid salek 1 tubesret salek 4 irad , utiay


33

IIIV salek ecnareloT 82 halmujreb gnay awsis kutnu atad libma id salek 3 nad

,naitilenep ssenippaH IIIV salek utiay ytilibisnopseR IIIV , yticilpmiS IIIV nad ,

awsis 3 ,awsis 58 halmujeb ridah kadit jbus aggnihes 28 halmujreb naitilenep ke

,awsis aboc iju halada ini naitilenep malad aboc iju awhab nakatakid tapad

.iakapret cniR :tukireb lebat kutneb malad nakijasid aynnai

1 lebaT

atrakaygoY oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ PMS IIIV saleK awsiS halmuJ

1102/0102 narajA nuhaT

saleK L P halmuJ

ecnareloT IIIV 71 11 82

ssenippaH IIIV 51 31 82

V ytilibisnopseR III 41 61 03

yticilpmiS IIIV 61 11 72

latoT 311

.C nemurtsnI naitileneP

.1 oiseuK ren

leneP nemurtsni nakanuggnem ini naiti renoisiuk naudnap isireb gnay

ep naataynr k silutret naaynatrep uata bawajid kutnu nednopser adape .

nakanugid kococ renoiseuK anerak nednopser halmuj fitaler ini naitilenep

renosiuK .raseb pukuc ini apureb ratfad rep ayn at naaynatrep/na .pututret


43

nep ini naitilenep malaD itile renoiseuk nakirebmem adapek gnusgnal araces

awsis IV salek II J PMS sennao s .atrakaygoY ocsoB

:renosiuk nagned natiakreb gnay lah aparebeb naksalejnem itilenep ini tukireB

siuk malaD i opser ini reno halmujes bawajnem kutnu atnimid nedn

naaynatrep ianegnem .nakukalid asaib gnay gnaul utkaw nataigek ini renosiuK

aud nakanuggnem utiay nabawaj fitanretla nataigek isnegrU P( gnitnep nad )

F atres )PT( gnitnep kadit utiay naanaskalretek isneuker nakanaskalid nad )D(

.)DT( naknaskalid kadit ritub anusuyneP - itub tapme irad kalotreb renoiseuk r

:utiay ,kepsa

.a ajamer isaerker taniM

.b taniM - ajamer adap mumu gnay laisos tanim

.c nakididnep adap taniM

.d aga adap taniM am


53

2 lebaT

isiK - signeM nataigeK magaR renosiuK isik gnauL utkaW i

.oN kepsA - kepsa rotakidnI metI

.1 ajamer isaerker taniM 1.1 nakragnedneMcisum

6 ,5 ,4 ,3 ,2 ,1

2.1 acabmeM 41,31 ,21 ,11 ,01 ,9 ,8 ,7

3.1 agar halO ,12 ,02 ,91 ,81 ,71 ,61 ,5132 ,22

4.1 iatnas nataigekreB ,03 ,92 ,82 ,72 ,52 ,42 3 ,453

emag niamreB 5.1 62

notnoneM 6.1 23 , 33

iboh nakukaleM 7.1 73 ,63

8.1 naigrepeB 93 ,83

numaleM 9.1 13

.2 taniM - tanim gnay laisosajamer adap mumu

1.2 laisos nataigekreB 44 ,34 ,24 ,14 ,04

2.2 nakajregneM

nataigek hamur

74 ,64 ,54 ,15 ,05 ,94 ,84 ,35 ,25

.3 nakididnep adap taniM

1.3 seL itukigneM 16 ,06 ,95 ,85 ,75 , 36 ,26 ,86 ,76 ,66 ,56 ,46 , 07 ,96

2.3 rajaleB 65 ,45

2.3 isuksidreB 55

.4 amaga adap taniM nataigeK 1.4nainahorek

37 ,27 ,17

aoD nakukaleM 2.4 77 ,67 ,57 ,47 87 ,

meti latot halmuJ

87


63

.2 satidilaV

d ,satidilaV lada mumu araces naitregnep mala nad natapetek ha

aynruku isgnuf naknalajnem malad alaks natamrecek ,rawzA( 5002 : .)7

utaus anam id iapmas farat halada satidilav ,naksalejnem )442:5991( ojdisaM

em upmam set .rukuid aynsurages gnay apa rukugn P ini naitilene

nakanuggnem isi satidilav nagned utnabid nemurtsni nanusuynep anerak ,

isik nakanuggnem - romon nad ruku kalot iagabes rotakidni ,nemurtsni isik

t gnay naataynrep )meti( ritub V .rotakidni irad nakrabajid hale a isi satidil utiay

tala uata set utaus isi anam id iapmas nakkujnunem gnay satidilav utaus

lah naknimrecnem rukugnep - naksetid uata rukuid uam gnay lah ,ojdisaM(

.)342:5991 rukugnem alibapa isi satidilav ikilimem nakatakid set haubeS

s utnetret susuhk naujut ta iretam nagned rajaje nakirebid gnay narajalep isi ua

002 ,otnukirA( .)46:5

isi satidilav naijugneP ap nakrasadid nakukalid gnay nagnabmitrep ad

ilha gnaroes helo hasipret araces ,)tnemgduj trepxe( paites haalenem anug

renoiseuk naataynrep meti ritub ignem arap nakanaskalid gnay gnaul utkaw is

nagned tapet taubid gnay naataynrep meti paites raga naujutreb gnay ,awsis

rep naataynrep halmuj nad rotakidni ,nahab ispirksed/nahab ,naujut kepsa

aynid tapad aggnihes ,rotakidni .)933:9002 ,orotnayigruN( kiab nakat


73

.3 satilibaileR

upmam set uataus anam id iapmas farat halada set utaus satilibilaeR

tahilrepid gnay aynnarukugnep lisah isnetsisnok nakkujnunem nak farat malad

,ojdisaM( lisah naitiletek nad natapetek .)902:5991 ini naitilenep malaD

uid renoiseuk satilibilaer ( 02.RK edotem nakanuggnem nagned ij reduK -

nosdrahciR farat iulalem( itilet hibel huaj 02.RK edotem natakednep anerak ,)

)meti paites narakusek 332:5991 ,ojdisaM( .) nagned iju id meti roks lisaH

:apureb gnay ,02.RK kinket nakanuggnem

nemurtsni hurules lanretni satilibailer

nemurtsni malad meti halmuj =k

jbus aynkaynab isroporp = meti adap bawajnem gnay ke

1 = -

latot snairav =

nagnutihrep lisah iraD asadreb nagned retupmok nakr SSPS margorp

02.RK kinket nakanuggnem nagned nad utas halas irad atad nalibmagnep

anretla fit sneukerF utiay nabawaj nakanaskaliD kadiT nad nakanaskaliD“ i ” .


83

.4 nemurtsnI nagnabmegneP

.a ( ilhA haaleT tnemgduJ trepxE renoisiuK padahreT )

aleneP ritub naha - nesod helo nakukalid tnemurtsni adap ritub

odneG .rD ,utiay ispirks gnibmibmep ,suraB n iS.M nakukalid haleteS .

nakukalid ulrep utiay tapadid gnay lisah tnemurtsni padahret nahaalenep

adap nakiabrep irad nahaburep utiay naanaskalretek isneukerf gnireS tamA

gnadaK ,)RS( gnireS ,)SA( - )PT( hanreP kadiT nad ,)KK( gnadak habuid

isneukerF .)DT( nakanaskaliD kadiT nad )D( nakanaskaliD idajnem

habuid ini naanaskalretek imahapid hadum raga keybus helo nad isneukerf

aynnaanaskalretek et sigol araces taubid isik kurtsnok nagned iauses/tap -

.aynisik

nad nagnabmegnep atres ,ilha helo nahaalenep lisah iraD

nemurtsni padahret nakiabrep t nemurtsni akam , t kutnu pais nakataynid

nagned iauses hadus anerak nakutnetid halet gnay kejbus adapek aboc ijuid

isik kurtsnok - aynisik .

.b renoisiuK padahreT kiripmE ijU

)1 renoiseuK satidilaV

kukalid haleteS nemurtsni padahret aboc iju na awsis adapek

IIIV salek ecnareloT PMS id sennaoJ s oricaB ocsoB adap atrakaygoY

,tamuJ irah iluJ 92 102 1 helorepid awhab ritub irad - tub malad ri

murtsni ne satiroyam awsis nataigek paggnagnem gnay gnitnep numan


93

kalid kadit nakanas nakanaskalid numan gnitnep kadit nataigek nad .

nemurtsni malad ritub paiteS adap anerak ,naknahatrepid patet

ini naitilenep aynah tahilem nitnep paggnaid gnay hakajas apa nataigek g

nal hisam numan g kalid ak nakanas sennaoJ PMS IIIV salek awsis helo

.atrakaygoY oricaB ocsoB

)2 renoiseuK satilaibileR

id IIIV salek awsis adapek )kiripme( aboc iju lisah atad iraD

PMS oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ ,tamuJ irah adap atrakaygoY iluJ 92 102 1

helorepid nemurtsni hurules satilibailer neisifeok nagnutihrep

gnep nakrasadreb libma na irad atad utas halas anretla fit nabawaj utiay

isneukerF ”nakukaliD kadiT nad nakukaliD“ nakanuggnem nagned

sumur 02.RK helorepid 8,0 527 . 8,0 nagnutihrep lisaH 527

ek nakisatlusnokid at = N nagned r sitirk ialin leb 82 kkujnunem na

nakifingis farat adap awhab 1 da % hala ,0 ≥ 694 . N isalerok idaJ

,nakifingis nemurtsni satilibailer aggnihes nakataynid bailer el.

.D kinkeT nalupmugneP sisilanA nad ataD

.1 naanaskaleP nad napaisreP

pahat halada ini tukireB - : atad nahalognep malad nakanugid gnay pahat

.a m alaks /nemurtsni nusuyneM gnaul utkaw isigne

.b OCSOB SENNAOJ PMS IIIV salek awsis utiay ,nednopser nakutneneM

.atrakaygoY oricaB


04

.c oricaB OCSOB SENNAOJ PMS halokeS alapeK ignubuhgneM

Y .naitilenep nad aboc iju niji atnimem kutnu atrakaygo

.d nakukalid gnay ,ilha helo tnemurtsni naijugneP gnibmibmep nesod helo

nagnibmib taas adap ispirks

.e gnay renoisiuk satilibailer nad satidilav padahret kiripme naijugneP

salek awsis adapek nakukalid IIV I ecnareloT J irah adap tamu , .1102 iluJ 92

.f libailer nad satidilav padahret kiripme iju atad sisilanagneM .renoisiuk sati

.g PMS IIIV salek awsis arap adapek nakukalid gnay atad nalibmagneP

oricaB OCSOB SENNAOJ akaygoY irah adap atr utbaS , 01 61 nad

rebmetpeS 102 1 abmem nagned adapek renoisiuk nakig salek awsis

senippaH nad ,ytisilpmiS ,ytilibnopseR .

.h lana nakukaleM lupmukret gnay atad sisi .

.2 ataD sisilanA kinkeT

naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay atad sisilana kinkeT halada ini

jbus nabawaj gniroks latot gnutihgnem nad atad isalubat taubmem ,ke

atar gnutihgnem ,nabawaj - lisah naklipmanem nad nakkopmolegnem ,atar

aitilenep hakgnaL .n - :tukireb iagabes nakanaskalid gnay atad sisilana hakgnal

)a jbus nabawaj roks irebmeM nabawaj fitanretla aud nagned iauses ke

nakrasadreb :nataigek isnegrU “ gnitneP 1 = gnitneP kadiT nad 0 = nad ”

isneukerF nakanaskaliD“ 1 = akanaskaliD kadiT nad n = 0 .”


14

)b helo nakirebid gnay nabawaj latot gnutihgnem nad atad isalubat taubmeM

.tekgna meti paites kutnu awsis

)c awsis adap gnaul utkaw naanuggnep renosiuk satilibailer askiremeM

.02.RK kinket nakanuggnem nagned

)d gnutihgneM nabawaj lisah naitilenep irad krasadreb atar na - atar nagned

28=N , :tukireb iagabes

keybus halmuj = n

= =

lisaH nabawaj d tubesret i retla aud nakrasadreb nakirogetak fitan

kaliD“ isneukerF nad ”gnitneP kadiT nad gnitneP“ isnegrU nabawaj nakanas

kadiT nad aliD kanask a ”n :tukireb iagabes lebat adap tahilid tapad

3 lebaT

nabawaJ fitanretlA auD nakrasadreB isasirogetaK nagnologgneP

ataR - )x( atar nataigeK isnegrU isneukerF

5,14 → sata ek gnitneP nakanaskaliD

hawab ek ← 5,14 gnitneP kadiT nakanaskaliD kadiT

)e iraD nabawaj lisah malad nakkopmolekid naidumek rasadreb isnegrU nak

nataigek atres eukerF isn .lebat malad ek aynnaklipmanem nad


24

idajnem naka ini nabawaj lisah nakkopmolegneP kutnu nakotap

ritub nakkutnenem - irogetak malad kusamret gnay hakajas anam ritub

gnitnep nataigek numan gnitnep kadit nataigek nad nakanaskalid kadit

numan nalusu idajnem nakgnabmekid naka naidumek ,nakanaskalid

ludom - .nagnibmib ludom


34

VI BAB

NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH

naitilenep irad lisah nakijasid ini bab adaP nakapurem nad haloid halet gnay

bab adap nakakumekid halet gnay halasam sata nabawaj utiay ,I )1( magaR nataigek

apa kutnu nakanaskalid gnay hakajas gnaul utkaw isignem gnalak id awsis arap na

IIV salek I Y oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ PMS atrakaygo 102 naraja nuhat 1 102/ 2? atres )2(

numan gnitnep paggnaid gnay hakajas apa gnaul utkaw naisignep nataigek magaR“

awsis satiroyam helo nakukalid akgnal hisam IIV salek I oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ PMS

oY 102 naraja atrakayg 1 102/ 2? haletes nakijasid naka naitilenep lisah nasahabmeP .”

.nakrapapid naitilenep lisah

.A naitileneP lisaH

naitilenep lisaH igek renoiseuk haletes helorepid nata naisignep utkaw

ennaoJ PMS IIIV salek awsis helo isiid nad nakrabesid gnaul s oricaB ocsoB

a nuhaT atrakaygoY 2 naraj irad nesrep malad atad nahalognep lisaH .1102/010

awsis helo nakanaskalid gnay gnaul utkaw nataigek - lebat adap tahilid tapad iwsis

ataD .4 nataigek isnegrU irogetak aud nakrasadreb nakkopmolek id halet gnay

erf nad k 5 lebat adap tahilid tapad isneu . adap laos metirep atad nahalognep lisaH

adap tahilid tapad tekgna l naripma .


44

P ada ini naitilene aud irogetak magar nataigek gnaul utkaw naisignep

atar ialin nakrasadreb awsis arap - irogetak utiay ,latot roks atar p nataigek gnitne

numan nakanaskalid kadit irogetak nad gnitnep kadit nataigek numan

nakanaskalid ialiN . atar naiapac - roks atar gnaul utkaw naisignep 87 halmuj irad

meti ritub nataigek naitilenep adap ini utiay 81 ritub paggnaid gnay nataigek

satiroyam nataigek awsis gnitnep numan 6 nad nakanaskalid kadit ritub nataigek

paggnaid gnay satiroyam gnitnep kadit nataigek awsis numan nakanaskalid ,

6 lebat adap tahilid tapad .

4 lebaT

magaR awsiS helo nakukaliD gnay gnauL utkaW nataigeK - iwsis

caB ocsoB sennaoJ PMS IIIV saleK naraja nuhaT atrakaygoY ori 2102/1102

oN .metI metI )%( nesrep halmuJ

.23 VT notnoneM %8,89

.92 nasmS %3,69

.72 koobecaf akubmeM %9,39

.65 RP nakajregneM %5,19

.62 emag niaM %2,09

.47 nakam aoD %2,09

.67 malaM aoD 78 , %8

.32 adepesreB %6,68

.82 ahC tenretni id gnitt %6,68

.1 pop kisum nakragnedneM %9,28


54


.21 nauhategnep umli ukub acabmeM %9,28

.84 gnirip icuyneM %7,18

.04 tikas gnaro kugnejneM %5,08

.57 igaP aoD %3,97

.03 enohpeleT %0,87

.54 ramak nakhisrebmeM 7 %0,8

.34 nabrok kutnu anad naklupmugnem tukIanacneb %8,67

.93 kinkiP %6,57

.52 nairah ukub siluneM %4,47

.55 narajalep gnatnet isuksidreB %4,47

.94 iatnal upayneM %2,37

.37 ajamer nami namaladneP %2,37

.44 isasinagro utaus tukI %0,27

.24 igek tukI lama nata %7,07

.17 iskelokeR %7,07

.71 notnimdaB %5,96

.45 hadus gnay narajalep ilabmek irajalepmeMhalokesid nakirebid %5,96

.02 teksaB %3,86

.8 naroK acabmeM %9,56

.83 nalaJ - naajnalebrep tasup ek nalaj %9,56

.35 kasameM %9,56

.77 oirasoR aoD sat/ hib %9,56

.73 naarahilep naweh isurugneM %6,46


64


.6 kisalk kisum nakragnedneM %2,26

.61 gnaneR %2,26

.05 namalah upayneM %2,26

.33 retupmoc id mlif notnoneM %0,16

.14 hamur nagnukgnil itkab ajrek tukI %0,16

.5 gnedneM oidar nakra %8,95

.7 halajam acabmeM %5,85

.01 kimok acabmeM %3,75

.4 zzaJ kisum nakragnedneM %1,65

.87 anevoN aoD gnayhabmes/tujahat talohs/ %1,65

.53 naracaP %7,35

.9 neprec acabmeM %4,25

.91 gnigoJ %4,25

.81 alob kapeS %2,15

.85 rggnI asahaB seL si %2,15

.15 iatnal lepegneM %0,05

.3 kcor cisum nakragnedneM %8,84

.11 levon acabmeM %8,84

.25 ujab icuyneM %8,84

.95 akitametaM seL %8,84

.27 artuP - ratla irtup %8,84

.41 lekitra acabmeM %1,54

.13 numaleM %5,14

.74 idnam kab sarugneM %5,14

.42 G piso %0,93


74


.64 idnam ramak nakhisrebmeM %0,93

.06 akisiF seL %9,23

.31 isiup acabmeM %3,92

.51 igap maneS %3,92

.12 iloV %3,92

.22 irid aleB %0,82

.16 aimiK seL %0,82

.46 onaip seL %6,52

.96 gnaneR seL %4,42

.56 L ratig se %2,32

.86 lacov seL %2,32

.2 tudgnad kisum nakragnedneM %0,22

.63 rotom isakifidoM %0,22

.75 aisenodnI asahaB seL %0,22

.07 etaraK seL %9,51

.76 murd seL %6,41

.43 kokoreM %8,9

.26 awaJ iraT seL %8,9

.36 nredoM iraT seL %5,8

.66 loiB seL a %1,6


84

5 lebaT

F nad nataigeK isnegrU irogetaK isneuker nataigeK

oN GRU ERF

oN GRU ERF oN GRU ERF 1 P D 72 P D 35 P D 2 PT DT 82 P D 45 P D 3 PT DT 92 P D 55 P D 4 PT D 03 P D 65 P D 5 P D 13 PT DT 75 P DT 6 P D 23 P D 85 P D 7 P D 33 PT D 95 P DT 8 P D 43 PT DT 06 P DT 9 PT D 53 PT D 16 P DT 01 PT D 63 PT DT 26 P DT 11 PT DT 73 P D 36 PT DT 21 P D 83 PT D 46 P DT 31 PT DT 93 P D 56 P DT 41 P DT 04 P D 66 PT DT 51 P DT 14 P D 76 P DT 61 P D 24 P D 86 P DT 71 P D 34 P D 96 P DT 81 P D 44 P D 07 PT DT 91 P D 54 P D 17 P D 02 P D 64 P DT 27 P DT 12 PT DT 74 P DT 37 P D 22 P DT 84 P D 47 P D 32 D D 94 P D 57 P D 42 PT DT 05 P D 67 P D 52 P D 15 P DT 77 P D 62 P D 25 P DT 87 P D

:nagnareteK

gnitneP = P = D nanaskaliD

gnitneP kadiT = PT = DT naknaskaliD kadiT


94

6 lebaT

nataigeK isneukerF nad nataigeK isnegrU malad metI irogetaK

F R E K U E N S I

NATAIGEK ISNEGRU gnitneP gnitneP kadiT

nakanaskaliD 1 ,61 ,21 ,8 ,7 ,6 ,5 ,1 ,91 ,81 ,7 ,03 ,92 ,82 ,72 ,62 ,52 ,32 ,02 ,44 ,34 ,24 ,14 ,04 ,93 ,73 ,23 ,65 ,55 ,45 ,35 ,05 ,94 ,84 ,54

87 ,77 ,67 ,57 ,47 ,37 ,17 ,85

83 ,53 ,33 ,01 ,9 ,4

kadiT nakanaskaliD

,75 ,25 ,15 ,74 ,64 ,22 ,51 ,41 ,86 ,76 ,56 ,46 ,26 ,16 ,06 ,95

27 ,96

3 ,2 ,63 ,43 ,13 ,42 ,12 ,31 ,11 ,07 ,66 ,36

.B naitileneP lisaH nasahabmeP

naitileneP lisaH salek awsis adap gnaul utkaw isignem nataigek magar

kaygoY oricaB OCSOB SENNAOJ PMS IIIV a 102 naraja nuhat atr 2102/1

nakkujnunem t 1 tapadre 8 ritub aggnaid gnay nataigek kadit muman gnitnep p

nakanaskalid paggnaid gnay nataigek ritub 6 tapadret nad awsis satiroyam helo

.awsis satiroyam helo nakanaskalid numan gnitnep kadit

.1 nataigeK - satiroyam helo nakanaskalid kadit numan gnitnep nataigek

.awsis

.a I ra acabmem utiay 41.on met lekit

aynsilunep tapadnep tukireb halasam utaus nasilut halada lekitrA

,rabak tarus :itrepes katec aidem id taumid gnay tubesret halasam gnatnet


05

kadit lekitra awhab nakatakid tapad mumu araceS .nitelub uata ,halajam

gnajnap ulalret

M lekitra acabme urunem gnay nataigek halada awsis arap t

nakanaskalem kutnu salam ilakgnires awsis arap numan ,gnitnep nataigek

,lekitra acabmem kutnu salam asarem ilakgnires awsis araP .tubesret

gnay nataigek halada lekitra acabmem awhab paggnagnem akerem

w atiynem ,naknasobmem acabmem akus hibel awsis araP .narikip nad utka

.narok id lekitra acabmem gnaraj awsis arap aggnihes ,kimok uata levon

lekitra acabmem ,aynhuggnuseS urem nakap tagnas nataigek

anerak gnitnep acabmem nagned ra ,naktapadnem naka gnaroeses lekit

amrofni pmem ,is ,nauhategnep maladre nasadrecek naktakgninem nad

narubih iagabes otnayiW( :6002 , .)22

.b igap manes utiay 51 .on metI

satiroyaM awsis ilakgnires nakanaskalem kutnu salam asarem

.irah igap id nakukalid surah igap manes igalapa ,igap manes ini laH

taubmem arap awsis nakukalem kadit kutnu nasala iagabreb ikilimem

,agar halo akus kadit ,igap nugnab salam anerak utiay igap manes

.naknasobmem gnay nataigek halada igap manes paggnagnem

tagnas gnay nataigek halada igap manes ,aynhuggnuseS

utiay hubut igab taafnamreb natakgninem ,sserts nakgnalignem tapad

hibel igrene nagnorod tapadnem nad ,tahes hibel gnutnaj utnabmam ,doom

agarhaloreb taas iggnit ( ierF O nad gat 36:0102 ,inaivatk - .)46


15

.c irid aleB utiay 22 .on metI

turuneM awsis arap irid aleb halada sobmem gnay nataigek nakna

aynah anerak gnalugnem - wsis araP .nakareg utaus gnalu kaynab hibel a

nakanaskalem adap irad nial nataigek nakanaskalem kutnu hilimem

.irid aleb nataigek

eb ,aynhuggnuseS utiay napudihek malad taafnamreb tagnas irid al

tapad irid aleb akadit iradnihgnem taubmem ,naayainagnep nad natahajek n

nad ,irid ayacrep asar naktikgnabmem ,tauk idajnem kisif isidnok

gnabmem onoyluM( nainarebek naktik .)6:8002 ,

.d idnam ramak iatnal nakhisrebmem utiay ,64 .on metI .

S awsi nagnukgnil agajnem kutnu naradasek gnarakes namaj

s .ratikes nagnukgnil nagned hodob asam kadnitreb akerem ,gnaruk tagna

ilakgnireS awsis arap ajas hisreb gnay nagnukgnil itamkinem nigni aynah

.hisreb idajnem nagnukgnil taubmem apnat nahisrebek agajneM

gek nakapurem idnam ramak nahisrebek itrepes nagnukgnil ,gnitnep natai

,uti nialeS .tikaynep irad huaj nad hisreb idajnem idnam ramak anerak

m tahes nad hisreb gnay nagnukgnil onotraS ,uyhaW( namayn atik taubme ,

,nawaiteS .)6:7002 .kkd

.e idnam kab sarugnem utiay ,74 .on metI

nakhisrebmeM idnam kab taigek nakapurem tagnas gnay na

numan ,gnitnep awsis arap aut gnaro utnabmem kutnu salam ilakgnires

tubesret naajrekep nakhareynem ilakgnires akereM .idnam kab sarugnem


25

na naradaseK .utnabmep adapek ka awsis arap ebek naka sr nagnukgnil nahi

.gnaruk tagnas F em nagned ,aynatka pudih ,nagnukgnil nahisrebek agajn

( namayn nad tahes asaret naka ayruM n ,it ,idayirpuS ,iniraM 12:7002 ,kkd .)

.f iatnal lepegnem utiay ,15 .on metI

nahisrebek agajem arac utas halas nakapurem iatnal lepegneM

.nagnukgnil es ujunem lawa hakgnal halada nahisrebeK kadit tahes ,tah

tagnas aguj nagnukgnil tahes ipatet ajas nadab aynah akij anerak ,gnitnep

tahes nadab nakbabeynem naka akam ,tahes kadit nagnukgnil aratnemes

aguj kadit nadab . awsiS kalem kutnu salam asarem gnarakes namaj as nakan

.iatnal lepegnem nataigek .kepac utiay nasala iagabreb ikilimem akereM

m ,aynatkaF malad irolak 042 rakabmem tapad maj utas iatnal lepegne

gnaggnip nad nagnel taukrepmem tapad aguj ini nataigek ,uti nialeS .hubut

( ,quraF 6002 )16: .

.g ujab icuynem utiay ,25 .on metI

halada ujab icucneM ,naitiletek nakhutubmem gnay nataigek

adon nagned itilet surah ujab icucnem malad anerak - lepmenem gnay adon

nisem nakanuggnem akij nakajrekid hadum hibel naka icucneM .ujab id

numan ,icucnep awsis arap .ini nataigek nakanaskalem uam kadit ilakgnires

akereM naradaseK .utnabmep adapek tubesret naajrekep nakhareynem

awsis .gnaruk tagnas hisam iridnes aynujab icucnem kutnu gnarakes namaj


35

.h utiay ,75 .on metI B sel aisenodnI asaha

B seL gnay nataigek nakapurem ajamer igab aisenodnI asaha

numan ,gnitnep awsis arap B sel itukignem kutnu salam aha .aisenodnI as

anahredes pukuc aynnasalA rak B ane B nakapurem aisenodnI asaha asaha

s irahe - idaj ,irah kadit B sel itukignem kutnu igal ulrep .aisenodnI asaha

huggnuseS B rajaleb ,ayn aisenodnI asaha ,utiay taafnam kaynab ikilimem

B ,atirec gnaragnem ,tarus silunem kutnu nakanugid tapad aisenodnI asaha

sakinumok naulrepek nad B rajaleb ,uti nialeS .aynnial i aisenodnI asaha

aka ,kiab nagned isamrofni amirenem nakhadumem n ( nad idayamsuK

.)1:7002 ,sakgnumaP

.i utiay ,95 .on metI itametaM sel ak

kaynab kutnu akitametaM gnay narajalep halada awsis kadit

.relupup kaynab taubmem ini taas adap akitametam narajaleP awsis

ayntabika nad akitametam rajaleb natilusek imalagnem awsis arap kadit

ajalep padahret iggnit gnay tanim nad fitisop pakis ikilimem nar

.akitametam

awsis araP narajalep halada akitametam narajalep paggnagnem

sel itukignem kutnu salam akerem ilakgnires ipatet ,gnitnep gnay

,tilus akitametam narajalep anerak anahredes pukuc aynnasalA .akitametam

naknasobmem nad kiranem kadit ,naktukanem . rajaleb ,aynhuggnuseS

nakparetid tapad akitametam utiay taafnam helorepmem tapad akitametam


45

umli malad - umli igab nayalep idajnem tapad nad nial umli - nial umli

002 ,onomtapuS( 9 .)1:

.j .on metI akisiF sel utiay ,06

gnay narajalep awhab ,irikgnupid tapad kadiT idajnem gnilap

akitek igrela gnay awsis kaynaB .akisiF halada awsis igab komom

akisif rajaleb ,akerem kaneb malaD .akisiF narajalep atam ragnednem

,nup salek malad iD .naktukanem gnay sumur nagned natiakreb ulales

nisumem gnay sumur nakrajaid ulales awsis ulales awsis paiteS .nakg

.uti akisiF rajaleb ayntilus apateb nakgnayabmem

ubesret lah irad lawareB narajalep paggnagnem awsis kaynab ,t

naggne nad salam akerem muman ,gnitnep narajalep halada akisiF

tu taafnam ikilimem akisiF rajaleB .akisiF sel itukignem kutnu utiay ama

adaP .fitaerk gnay gnaro idajnem asib raga awsis adapek nakrajagnem

irahes napudihek ipadahagnem malad fitaerk tapad awsis ,lawa pahat - ,irah

( mala naidajek imahamem F )aynhuggnuses gnay akisi nakparetid kutnu

reb nad ,laos naiaseleynep malad fitaerk aisunam idajnem tapad atik ayntuki

nep ,nawumli itrepes mukuh ume - ,iramaD( akisiF mukuh .)01: 5002

.k imonokE sel utiay ,16 .on metI

awhab halada imonoke narajalep atam padahret awsis napaggnA

d iroet kaynab gnay narajalep halada imonoke narajalep atam nagnutih na

,ledom ,lafahgnem kaynab hibel kutnu awsis naksurahgnem aggnihes nad

mekid gnay narajalep edotem b na nad notonom gnurednec urug nakg


55

kutnu salam awsis taubmem tubesret lah aggnihes ,naknasobmem

.imonokE sel itukignem

li irajalepmem ,aynhuggnuseS kaynab ikilimem imonoke um

utiay taafnam hakanam nahutubek nakutenem kutnu aisunam utnabmem

atuid surah gnay kutnu aisunam utnabmem ,nial gnay nahutubek irad nakam

nakadit nakukalem - nakadnit utiay ,imonoke nakadnit - malad nakadnit

,tameh nataubrep nakukalem hagecnem nad ,nasorobmep iradnihgnem

rubmahgnep - ( narubmah ,otnawramirT ,oyodrahsirP nad ,niqidohS 5:5002 .)

.l awaj irat sel utiay ,26 .on metI

,awaj ukus naayadubek irat nakapurem awaj iraT naka gnay gnaro

raneb halsurah iranem - tas ujunem raneb utiay ,naujut u aynawij utaynem

.hulul gnay kareg dujuw napakgnugnep nagned awaj iraT nakapurem halas

malad atnimreb gnay awsis kaynab kadiT .halokes id relukirukartske utas

bek ,awaj irat relukirukartske itukignem na hibel gnurednec awsis nakay

at itukignem kutnu tanimreb ecnad itrepes nredom ir .ecnad kaerb nad

numan ,gnitnep gnay nataigek awsis arap paggnaid awaj iraT

.awaJ irat sel itukignem kutnu salam akerem kaynab ,aynhuggnuseS

aynines awij nakrulaynem tapad awsis utiay awaj irat rajaleb taafnam

s ,irat ines iulalem nad ,haread ayadub ines nakgnabmegnem tuki tapad awsi

,aigahab ,saup ,gnanes asarem utnet aynines awij nakrulaynem gnay awsis

,gnisgnal idajnem hubut utnabmem tapad awaJ irat uti niales ,aggnab


65

( natahesek naktakgninem nad ,rutnel aynhubut atoggna otnayiW d na

5002 ,itutsA )96: .

.m onaip sel utiay ,46 .on metI

halib narajaj apureb kisum tala takgnarep nakapurem onaiP - halib

audek helo nakniamid ,adan aggnat naturu kutnebmem gnay adan napap

nad idolem niakgnar naklisahgnem kutnu naamasreb araces nagnat iraj

.droka salam akerem numan ,awsis arap helo gnitnep paggnaid onaip seL

p sel anerak akerem nasalA .onaip sel itukignem kutnu onai nakhutubmem

p sel ,kaynab ayaib .tilus uti onaiP sel nad ,naknasobmem onai

utiay onaiP rajaleb irad taafnam ,aynhuggnuseS tapad

kgninem ,iggnit gnay irid ayacrep asar naktakggninem ,nasadrecek nakta

.)1:7002 ,ordneH( tauk gnay latnem naktakgninem nad

.n ratig sel utiay ,56 .on metI

nakapaurem ratiG tapad ratiG .ranes iawadreb kitep kisum tala

rav nad halmuj malad roka nad idolem naklisahgnem kaynab hibel gnay nai

helo nakukal id asaib ratig niameP .nial kisum tala nagned nakgnidnabid

ikal gnaroes - niamep idajnem atinaw gnaroes aguj gnaraj kadit numan ,ikal

.ratig

turuneM ,gnitnep gnay nataigek nakapurem ratig sel awsis arap

kaynab hisam numan awsis araP .ratig sel itukignem salam gnay awsis arap

paggnagnem hutub nad ,naknasobmem ,tilus ratig rajaleb awhab

ratig rajaleb ,aynnaatayneK .adan icnuk naklafahgnem kutnu nahuggnusek


75

,utiay taafnam kaynab ikilimem ep nakharagnem tapad ,fitisop ukalir

bes t iaga ipare aktakgninem aguj ,tikaynep nakhubmeynem nad hagecnem n

aistnegilletni nad sativitaerk ,idairsA( .)1:3002

.o murd sel utiay ,76 .on metI

uata lukupid nagned nakniamid gnay kisum tala halada murD

.gnaro utas helo nakniamid murD .hubatid b murd niameP nakniamid asai

ikal helo - .murd niamep idajnem gnay atinaw aguj ada numan ,ilak

turuneM numan ,gnitnep gnay nataigek akapurem murd awsis arap

.murd sel itukignem nigni kadit gnay awsis kaynab hisam ,kepac ,salaM

sis arap nasala halada akus kadit nad ,nasob sel itukignem nigni kadit aw

tapad utiay taafnam ikilimem murd niamreb rajaleb ,aynnaatayneK .murd

tapad nad fitagen naasarep ,nasamecek ,nagnagetek ,sserts nakgnalignem

akgnuS( hubut nalabekek metsis nakatpicnem ,r :9002 .)2

.p kov sel utiay ,86 .on metI la

koV halada la gnem gnay kisum .aisunam araus aidem nakanug

koV nas la nakapurem babes naasarepreb gnilap kisum tala tubesid kayal tag

tegereg naasarep nakrihalem iadnap gnilap gnay kisum nemurtsni

sum tala nagned nakgnidnabid .nial ki

kov sel awsis arap turuneM la numan ,gnitnep gnaynataigek halada

am gnay gnaraj awsis arap kov sel itukignem u asib kadit ,rednim aneraK .la

nigni kadit awsis arap amatu nasala nakapurem kelej aynaraus ,iynaynem

,utiay ayntaafnam kaynab lacov sel ,aynhuggnuseS .lacov sel itukignem


85

lignem ,iromem naktakgninem ,sativitaerk naktakgninem ,sserts nakgna

hibel gnay nasafanrep nakidajnem nad ,irid ayacrep asar naktakgninem

kiab ( ,asE 4002 )22: .

.q gnaner sel utiay ,96 .on metI

aynasaib nad ,ria id karegreb utkawes nakareg halada gnanereB

nelrep apnat isaerker kutnu naktaafnamid tapad ini nataigeK .nataub napakg

.ria agarhalo nataigek nakapurem gnanereB .agarhalo nad

turuneM ,gnitnep gnay nataigek nakapurem gnaner sel awsis arap

aneraK .gnaner sel itukignem uam gnay kaynab kadit awsis arap numan

,tilus awsis arap nasala nakapurem salam nad kepac ,maleggnet tukat

ikilimem gnanereb ,aynnaatayneK .gnaner rahaleb itukignem kutnu naggne

utiay taafnam kaynab urap nad gnutnaj kutnu kiab gnanereb - kiab aguj ,urap

aguj gnanereB .sata naigab hubut kutnebmem kutnu toto kopmolek hitalem

naidnesrep itikaynem apnat gnuggnup nad ,adad ,uhab utiay amatu osrot

( nalakgnaP edI 7002 , )231: .

.r id nanayalep utiay ,27 .on metI hadabi tapmet

,arup kiab ,hadabi hamuR ,arahiw ajereg nad dijsam , adap

aynmumu nakapurem hamur rap tapmet lupmukreb amaga utaus tukignep a

gnaro tapmet nakapurem hadabi hamuR .aynnaliggnap nakanaskalem kutnu

narajagnep nakragnednem ,hallA nakailumem nad aodreb kutnu namireb

,tamu adap naruget/naibanek araus nakatrawem ,nakukalid kutnu


95

ac nagned rukuys pacugnem adap nagnolotrep nakirebmem ar gnay gnaro

.nahasusek

turuneM awsis arap halada hadabi hamur id nanayalep nataigek ,

akerem numan ,gnitnep nataigek nataigek itukignem kutnu salam ilakgnires

.hadabi hamur id nanayalep nanayalep nataigek itukignem taafnaM id

utiay ,hadabi hamur ,gnanet hibel nagned halasam nakiaseleyem tapad

m hibel .gnaroeses nakfaamem kutnu hadu

.2 nataigeK - satiroyam helo nakanaskalid numan gnitnep kadit nataigek

.awsis

.a .on metI 4 utiay , zzaJ kisum nakragnednem

kisuM u ines ayrak nakapurem zzaJ gnay kisum anam id kin

isisum gnas aratna kilab labmit iserpske kutneb haubes halada nakniamid

agnednep nad .r zzaJ kisum awsis arap turuneM a kadit nataigek halad

numan ,gnitnep nakragnedneM .tubesret nataigek nakanaskalem awsis arap

zzaJ kisum alas idajnem .awsis gnaul utkaw naisignep nataigek utas h

.napudihek kutnu gnitnep tagnas uti zzaJ kisum ,aynhuggnuseS

utiay zzaJ kisum nakragnednem irad taafnaM ,kato gnasgnarem asib

( sativitaerk nad ,latnem ,nasadrecek habmanem irtiF ,idayamsuK , nad

,itawamhaR 8002 .)44: kadit idajnem zzaJ kisum nakragnednem numaN

zzaJ kisum nakragnednem malad utkaw nasatab ada kadit alibapa ,gnitnep

.nial nataigek uggnaggnem tapad tubesret nataigek aggnihes


06

.b utiay ,9 .on metI neprec acabmem

nepreC purem eprec ,kednep gnay atirec naka n nakiaseleynem

.hutu nad satnut araces nalaosrep nad amet aumes ,awsis arap turuneM

awsis arap numan ,gnitnep kadit gnay nataigek halada neprec acabmem

neprec acabmem nataigek nakanaskalem gnires tubesret . neprec acabmeM

signep nataigek utas halas idajnem .awsis gnaul utkaw nai

b ,aynhuggnuseS m kayna taafna irad helorepid gnay acabmem

,urab nasawaw helorepmem ,urab nauhategnep helorepmem ,utiay neprec

,urab nalipmartek helorepmem anerak natamkinek nakasarem tapad nad

gnay naacab nahadniek ( pudih naksikulem 5002 ,otnayiW .)29: numaN

utkaw nasatab ada kadit alibapa ,gnitnep kadit idajnem neprec acabmem

uggnaggnem tapad tubesret nataigek aggnihes neprec acabmem malad

.nial nataigek

.c .on metI 01 utiay , kimok acabmem

halada kimoK ag anamid ,rabmagreb atirec haubes tubesret rabm

atirec naispirksidnep aidem iagabes isgnufreb . awsis arap turuneM

ek halada kimok acabmem numan ,gnitnep kadit gnay nataig awsis arap

nataigek nakanaskalem tubesret . utas halas idajnem kimok acabmeM

.awsis gnaul utkaw naisignep nataigek

apmaD kimok irad fitagen k utiay bmem tapad kimok e e nakir kef

ires itamkinem areges kutnu nanigniek apureb asib lubmit gnay fitkida

nagnubmas )narasanep anerak aynmumu( , kimok tapad acabid gnires gnay


16

awsis taubmem narajalep ukub ukub acabmem kutnu nasob asarem ,

nagnalu ayntabika kimok acabem kiysa ualret tabika kolbej idajnem

.nagnayasek

kaynab ,aynhuggnuseS taafnam irad tapad utiay kimok acabmem

,isome nakrulaynem naasaibek nakutnebmep ,sserts nakgnalihgnem

sahab nasaulrabeynep iagabes nad ,acabmem a aisenodnI ( ,ffenoB

tubesret laH .)131:8002 acabmem malad utkaw isroporp adap gnutnagret

kimok nial gnay nataigek nakanaskalem malad ugnaggnem kadit aggnihes , .

.d .on metI 33 utiay , retupmok id mlif notnonem

nakapurem mliF M .pudih rabmag )atirec( nokal awsis arap turune

awsis arap numan ,gnitnep kadit gnay nataigek halada mlif notnonem

.tubesret nataigek nakanaskalem utas halas idajnem mlif notnoneM


halada mlif notnonem irad fitagen kapmaD m nad iakule m kasure

p nabadare k ati , ad mlif tap m atiyne b kayna w utka b agrahre , tapad mlif

m nad ignohobme s sugilake m taubme l apu d iri , m nad ihuragnepme ca ar k agraule

b iskaretnire .

nakhutubid gnay nataigek halada mlif notnonem ,aynhuggnuseS

isroporp ada apnat mlif notnonem akij numan ,napudihek malad aguj utkaw

irad gnutnagret tubesret laH .nial gnay nataigek ugnaggnem naka

.mlif notnonem utkaw rutagnem anamiagab gnay taafnam kaynaB


26

,utiay mlif notnonem irad helorepid nad ,sserts gnalihgnep ,narubih iagabes

ep iagabes tnaggn kiays nad namhaR( narajalep i ,h 6002 .)26:

.e .on metI 53 utiay , naracap

naracaP nasni aud aratna nalanekrep sesorp nakapurem aisunam

ujunem nakococek nairacnep pahat naiakgnar malad adareb aynasaib gnay

reb napudihek agraulek nagned lanekid gnay nahakinrep . arap turuneM

rem naracap ,awsis akerem numan ,gnitnep kadit gnay nataigek nakpu

gnires .tubesret nataigek nakanaskalem utas halas idajnem naracaP


utiay naracap irad fitagen kapmaD a ayad nakhamelem nak

tifiaterk isartnesnok naktiluynem nad sa ( aynah akerem narikip anerak

aynracap adapek ujutret ) , m gnarugne sativitkudorp i , a nakbabeynem nak

iduts ayntabmalret .

,utiay naracap irad taafnam kaynab ,aynhugguseS tapad naracap

anegnem kutnu anaras nakidajid tapad naracap ,malad hibel nagnasap l

naklubminem asar a nam t , ,gnane n ,namay t gnudnilre i nad iagabes isavitom

( ehtnumllaD nad ,aukgnaD ,aragenariwarP :5002 , iv ). gnitnep napaggnA

nad gnitnep kadit padahret ses adap gnutnagret naracap e d gnaro mala

nial nataigek uggnaggnem kadit naracap aggnihes naracap utkaw rutagnem .

.f .on metI 83 utiay , j nala - nalebrep tasup ek nalaj .naaj

naajnalebrep tasuP nad narece laujnep kopmolekes halada

,nakgnabmegnem ,nakanacnerem gnay aynnial lisremok nawahasu


36

laggnut itreporp haubes alolegnem nad ikilimem ,nakiridnem turuneM .

nalaj ,awsis arap - gnay nataigek halad naajnalebrep tasup ek nalaj kadit

.tubesret nataigek nakanaskalem awsis arap numan ,gnitnep naracaP

.awsis gnaul utkaw naisignep nataigek utas halas idajnem

nalaj irad fitagen kapmaD - utiay naajnalebrep tasup ek nalaj

utkaw gnaubmem amalreb anerak - aubmem nad naajnalebrep tasup id amal t

sorob .gnarab ilebmem kutnu nanigniek lucnum anerak

j ,aynhuggnuseS nala - nalaj ,kato igrene nakgnutnugnem tapad

isalukris ,gnasgnar iserped lakgnanem nad ,doom ikiabrepmem ( nalakgnaP

,edi 7002 )802: nalaJ . - naajnalebrep tasup ek nalaj utas halas nakapurem

k .napudihek malad nakhutubid tagnas gniserfer nataigek ,gniserfer nataige

nataigek nakanaskalem kutnu ulrep tagnas ,hunej nad nasob asarem akiteK

nalaj ,ipatet nakA .hunej nad nasob asar nakgnalihgnem raga gniserfer -

libapa gnitnep kadit nakatakid naka nalaj malad utkaw isroporp ada kadit a

nalaj - nalaJ .nalaj - gnay nataigek ugnaggnem naka utkaw iuapmalem nalaj

.nial


46

.C ludoM nalusU - nagnibmiB ludoM

LUDOM “ seL itukigneM nagned umgnauL utkaW nakanuG tavirP ”

oN n a g n a r e t e K

.1 nasahaB kokoP G sel itukignem nagned umgnaul utkaw nakanu tavirp

.2 nagnibmiB gnadiB rajaleb nagnibmiB

.3 isnetepmok radnatS tapad awsiS lanegnem macamreb - macam sel tavirp

.4 rasaD isnetepmoK upmam awsiS nataigek itukignem sel tavirp

.5 nasahab kokop buS .a aitregneP n sel tavirp

.b acaM m– macam sel tavirp

.c itukignem taafnaM sel tavirp

.6 rotakidnI .a upmam awsiS naitregnep naksalejnem sel tavirp .b iuhategnem upmam awsiS macam - macam sel tavirp .c pmam awsiS itukignem taafnam iuhategnem u sel tavirp

.7 edoteM nad hamareC waj aynat .ba

.8 utkaW tinem 04

.9 talA potpaL ,DCL ,ajreK rabmeL ,ludoM

.01 rebmuS pesnok/70/8002/moc.topsgolb.ispirksnadhalakam//:ptth -rasad - nagnibmib - lmth.rajaleb

k//:ptth apa/10/1102/moc.topsgolb.nakcore - ajas -nagnutnuek - itukignem - lmth.sel

.11 narasaS awsiS - IIIV salek PMS iwsis


56

hakgnal/rudesorP - hakgnal

.oN salek nataigeK gnibmibmep uruG awsiS utkaW

.1 ratnagneP gnibmibmeP ilawagnem

nakirebemem nagned nagnibmib

agnep nad duskam ianegnem ratn

naka gnay nataigek irad naujut

nakanaskalid

nakragnedneM

imahamem nad

tinem 5

.2 naijayneP

iretam

iretam naksalejnem gnibmibmeP

naka gnay kipot ianegnem

sahabid

nakragnedneM

imahamem nad

tinem 01

.3 naniamreP utnebmem gnibmibmeP awsis k

gnay kopmolek malad

.gnaro amil nakatoggnareb

gnibmibmep naidumeK

naniamrep kujnutep nakirebmem

kutnu awsis udnamem nad

.naniamrep nataigek nakukalem

nakanaskaleM tinem 51

.4 nakajregneM

sagut

gnibmibmeP nakirebmem

nagned natiakreb gnay naaynatrep

naidumek .tubesret naniamrep

kutnu awsis atnimem

nagned aynnabawaj nakacabmem

.sarek araus

nakajregneM tinem 5

.5 isaulavE isaulave nakukalem gnibmibmeP

ajrek rabmel nakirebmem nagned

.awsis adap

awsiS mem -

rabmel imaha

tubesret ajrek nad

nakajregnem

5 tinem


66

1 nataigeK

??tukaT apaiS tavirP seL itukigneM

.A naitregneP tavirP

seL tavirP halada sesorp malad nataigek kutneb utauss helo nakukalid gnay rajaleb awsi naujutreb kutnu nakumenem tapad

nakparetid tapad atres aynikilimid muleb gnay urab nauhategnep maladaynnapudihek .

.B macaM - macam tavirp sel akitametaM seL .1 sirggnI asahaB seL .2 aisenodnI asahaB seL .3 imonokE seL .4 .lld ,akisiF seL

.C tavirP sel itukignem taafnaM

.1 irid nakisisomem )urug( rotut anerak nakgnaneynem hibel idajnem rajaleB

.tabahas iagabes

.2 T nus kadi gnay rajaleb natilusek gnatnet lah aumes aynatreb kutnu nakg

.halokeS id aynimalaid

.3 awsis nahutubek nagned iauses lebiskelf gnay rajaleb metsiS

.4 rotut ada anerak hamuR id rajaleb kutnu isavitomret hibel naka awsiS

.isatlusnok kajaid kutnu pais ulales gnay

.5 isatropsnart ayaib tameH

.6 awsis helo hilipid tapad rajaleb utkaW

.7 uatnapret rajaleb nagnabmekreP

.8 aynatreb malad namayn hibeL

.9 M narajalep iretam imahamem hadu

.01 sugab gnay nagnalu ialin tapadneM

.11 iggnit gnay ialin nagned suluL

.21 T P kupmutes nagned natilusek kadi R

.31 sugab gnay tropar ialin naktapadneM

.41 rajaleb kutnu hamur id gnaul utkaw naktaafnameM .


76

2 nataigeK

”ilaT iarugneM“ naniamreP

gnisam kopmolek malad kusam awsiS .kopmolek amil malad igabid awsiS -

gnisam adap ,gnisam - t gnay ilat iatnues nakirebid awsis gnisam ,nakaidesid hale

gnisam adap ilaT .ilat nakirebid kadit kopmolek malad awsis utas ilaucek - gnisam

naidumeK .ilat irebid kadit gnay kopmolek atoggna utas namet adap nakharesid awsis

ilat nakutaynem ilat tapadnem kadit gnay awsis - haubes malad tubesret ilat

eg gnisaM .nagnat namaggn - ilat naidumeK .ilat gnuju audek gnagemem awsis gnisam

.napadahreb gnilas nadab nagned narakgnil utaus kutnebmem iapmas nakiaruid

gnibmibmeP .)habureb helob kadit nagnat malad ilat isisop natatac nagned(

aj lortnognem ulales aynkadneh .naniamrep aynnal

:naujuT

.a malad sadrec nagned sarek ajrekeb aynulrep naka iradaynem awsiS

.sagut uata naajrekep utaus nakanaskalem

.b nakajrekid gnay sagut uata naajrekep awhab ,iradaynem nikames awsiS

gnay lisah awabmem naka ,sadrec nad sarek ajrek nagned kiab hibel

.c hakgnal iuhategnem nikames awsiS - gnaro raga nakukalid ulrep gnay hakgnal

sadrec nagned sarek ajrekeb

.d uti sadrec nagned sarek ajrekeb awhab ,iradaynem nikames awsiS

nagned iapacret tapad naujut aggnihes ,rikifreb kutnu utkaw nakulremem

.lamiskam sel itukignem ,naklasiM - malad utnabmem tapad raga narajalep sel

n iapacnem narajalep utaus sugab gnay iali .


86

: iskelfeR nahaB

.1 ?apagneM ?idat naniamrep nakukalem haletes umnaasarep anamiagaB

.2 ?idat naniamrep irad tapadid gnay apA

.3 malad tapadret gnay naujut apA ?idat niamrep

ulavE as i

.1 atak turunem tavirp sel itra naksalej aboC - !iridnes umatak

.2 nagnutnuek halnaktubeS – alib itamkin atik tapad gnay apa nagnutnuek

?tavirp sel itukigem

.3 ayapu alup halnaksiluT - kutnu nakukal umak tapad gnay apa ayapu

ialin naktapadnem !sugab gnay


96

LUDOM “ nahisrebeK ”nagnukgniL


.1 nasahaB kokoP nagnukgnil nahisrebeK

.2 nagnibmiB gnadiB nagnibmiB idabirP

.3 isnetepmok radnatS S nasaibek nakgnabmegnem nad imahamem upmam awsik malad hisreb pudih irahes napudihe - .irah

.4 rasaD isnetepmoK upmam awsiS hotnoc nakirebmem nad naksalejnem .hisreb pudih nasaibek

.5 nasahab kokop buS .a itrA nagnukgnil nahisrebek

.b nagnukgnil nahisrebek agajnem nagnutnueK

.c ayapU - nagnukgnil igab hisreb pudih ayapu

.6 akidnI rot .a upmam awsiS naksalejnem nagnukgnil nahisrebek itra .b upmam awsiS agajnem nagnutnuek nakkujnunem

nagnukgnil nahisrebek .c pmam awsiS u ayapu naksilunem - hisreb pudih ayapu

.nagnukgnil igab .7 edoteM nad hamareC .bawaj aynat

.8 utkaW tinem 04

.9 talA potpaL DCL ,ludoM ,

.01 rebmuS //:ptth .www 78101=di?xpsa.sweNyalpsiD/sweN/moc.umikiw

nahisrebek/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.di//:ptth

pas/90/9002/moc.topsgolb.hailuklairotut//:ptth - yapu a-nahisrebek - lmth.irid

tnetnoc_moc=noitpo?php.2xedni/di.oc.adapsaw.www//:ptth049=di&1=fdp_od&

.11 narasaS IIIV salek PMS awsiS


07


.oN ek nataigeK sal gnibmibmep uruG awsiS utkaW

.1 ratnagneP nagnibmib ilawagnem gnibmibmeP

ratnagnep nakirebemem nagned

irad naujut nad duskam ianegnem

nakanaskalid naka gnay nataigek

nakragnedneM

imahamem nad

tinem 5

.2 naijayneP

iretam

retam naksalejnem gnibmibmeP i

sahabid naka gnay kipot ianegnem

nakragnedneM

imahamem nad

tinem 01

.3 naniamreP awsis kutnebmem gnibmibmeP

gnay kopmolek malad


nakirebmem gnibmibmep naidumeK

udnamem nad naniamrep kujnutep

awsis ataigek nakukalem kutnu n

iamrep .nan

nakanaskaleM 1 tinem 5

.4 iskelfeR gnibmibmeP naaynatrep nakirebmem

naniamrep nagned natiakreb gnay

awsis atnimem naidumek .tubesret

aynnabawaj nakacabmem kutnu

.sarek araus nagned

nakajregneM tinem 5


agned ajrek rabmel nakirebmem n

.awsis adap

awsiS mem -

rabmel imaha

tubesret ajrek

nad

nakajregnem

tinem 5


17

NAGNUKGNIL NAHISREBEK

aynaratnaid kusamret ,narotok irad sabeb naadaek nakapurem nahisrebeK

.uab nad ,hapmas ,ubed

.A nagnukgniL nahisrebeK

aus nakapureM ayapu ut tapmet ratikes id nahisrebek arahilemem kutnu

.atik laggnit

,upaynem ,alednej palem arac nagned nakukalid tapad nagnukgnil nahisrebeK

natalarep icucnem ,idnam ramak iatnal lepegnem ,kab sarugnem ,iatnal lepegnem

,rudit tapmet nakhisrebmem ,nakam nad ,aybtapmet adap hapmas gnaubmem

nial - .nial

.B hadnI uti hisreB

ataynret nad nahadniek iakuynem tama aumes atiK

nupapA .nahadniek icnuk utas halas halada nahisrebek

aynnahadniek radup areges naka hadni nad sugab gnay

asim ,tawaret kat rotok nakraibid akij gnay nagnaur nakl

tawaret kat rotok idajnem hadni hisreb gnay idnam kab ,

idajnem hagem gnay hamur ,tawaret kat rotok idajnem

.tawaret kat rotok

.C nagnugnil nahisrebek agajnem nagnutnueK

.1 naktakgninem nad tikaynep irad atik nakradnihgneM

natahesek

.2 agnukgniL kutnu namayn aggnihes hisreb idajnem n

ilaggnitid

.3 rijnab naklasim mala nacneb irad radnihreT .


27

1 nataigeK

M nolaB naniamreP“ sutele ”

nolab utas puinem awsis kajagnem gnibmibmeP

.kopmolek paites malad naitnagreb araces gnisam haleteS -

puinem kopmolek gnisam pait atnimem gnibmibmep ,nolab

ulal tapar gnay narakgnil kutnebmem kutnu kopmolek

)iraj gnuju utas aynah nakitsap( iraj gnuju nagned gnisam - atnimid atresep gnisam

araceS .hutajret kadit raga nolab agajnem nolab takgnagnem atresep atnim nahalrep

iggnit - nit iggnites ,iapacid surah gnay naujut narabmag( igg - .)ayniggnit

atresep paites adapek nakireb ,iraj itnaggnep iagabes muraj nakpais uti haleteS

.sutelem naka gnay nolab ada naka itsap kopmolek paiteS .nolab takgnagnem kutnu

is atnimem gnibmibmep ,uti haleteS aynarac anamiagab nakrikimem kutnu aws

kadit uti sutelem gnay nolab asis ayapus salek ayapus nad salek malad id nakaresreb

,upaynem nagned aynlasim ,hisreb tahilret patet ayntapmet adap hapmas gnaubmem

( .)iridnes fitaisinireb awsis nakraib


37

er nahaB iskelf

.1 ?apagneM ?idat naniamrep nakukalem haletes umnaasarep anamiagaB

.2 ?sutelem nolab naniamrep nakukalem haletes umnasek apA

.3 ?apagneM ?hisreb pudih nakasaibmem hakulrep umturuneM

.4 ?hisreb pudih nakasaibmem kutnu ayapu anamiagab umturuneM

isaulavE

.1 lej aboC isrebek itra naksa atak turunem nah - !iridnes umatak

.2 naktubeS nagnutnuek hal – atik alib itamkin atik tapad gnay apa nagnutnuek

!nagnukgnil nahisrebek agajnem nijar

.3 ayapu alup halnaksiluT - agajnem kutnu nakukal umak tapad gnay apa ayapu

!nagnukgnil nahisrebek


47

LUDOM “ acabmeM taniM ”


.1 nasahaB kokoP acabmem taniM

.2 nagnibmiB gnadiB nagnibmiB rajaleb

.3 isnetepmok radnatS tagnames hibel nagned acabmem tapad awsiS

.4 rasaD isnetepmoK S bmegnem nad imahamem upmam awsi nasaibek nakgnaacabmam

.5 nasahab kokop buS .a itrA acabmem

.b taiK - acabmem malad utij taik

.c acabmem nagnutnueK

.6 rotakidnI .a upmam awsiS itra naksalejnem acabmem .b pmam awsiS naksilunem u taik - acabmem malad utij taik .c upmam awsiS acabmem nagnutnuek nakkujnunem

.7 edoteM nad hamareC .bawaj aynat

.8 utkaW tinem 04

.9 talA DCL ,ludoM ,potpaL

.01 rebmuS nawaw//:ptth - naitregnep/01/9002/moc.topsgolb.utas -lmth.acabmem

ainud/moc.malsiajamer//:ptth - 39/spit/adum -8- taafnam -lmth.acabmem

sotim/01/1102/moc.topsgolb.28iday//:ptth - nad - aik t-acabmem - lmth.fitkefe



57



.1 ratnagneP gnibmibmeP nagnibmib ilawagnem

mem nagned ratnagnep nakireb


gnay nataigek nakanaskalid naka

nakragnedneM

imahamem nad

tinem 5

.2 naijayneP

iretam



nakragnedneM

imahamem nad

51 tinem

.3 gnikareb ecI gnibmibmeP nad naksilunem

naka gnay ugal riays irajagnem

akiynaynid naidumek ,awsis helo n

nakiynaynem kutnu atnimid awsis

tubesret ugal

nakanaskaleM 01 tinem



.awsis adap

awsiS mem -

rabmel imaha

tubesret ajrek

nad

nakajregnem

01 tinem


67

ataigeK 1 n

acabmem naupmameK

,rasad nahutubek nakapurem acabmem naupmameK

t kutneb malad nakijasid isamrofni raseb naigabes anerak silutre

aynah nad imahamem kutnU .acabem iulalem helorepid tapad

isamrofni nakhab ,nanakam unem ,tabo peser ,rabak tarus id atireb isivelet irad lausiv

.acabmem naupmamek nakulrepid )VT( halada iridnes uti acabmem naitregneP

atak nakiynubmem nataigek - .sket kutneb malad ijasret gnay atak

taiK - :acabmem taik

irid nakpaisrepmeM .1

naklaminimeM.2 .nauggnag

kaget pakis nagned kuduD .3

.4 narikip nakgnanenem kutnu taas aparebeb utkaw nakgnauL

ujnunep iagabes )neplup aynlasim( nial adneb uata iraj nakanuG .5 k

.acabmem ialum mulebes naacab nahab salikes tahiL .6

:acabmem nagnutnueK

.fitka araces latnem sesorp nakapurem acabmeM .1

cabmeM .2 .adnA atakasok naktakgninem naka a

sukof nad isartnesnok naktakgninem naka acabmeM .3 .

irid naayacrepek nugnabmeM .4 .

.5 .iromem naktakgnineM

.nanilpsidek naktakgnineM .6

.sativiterk naktakgnineM .7

.nanasobek ignarugneM .8


77

d iridnes irid adap nakataK ini hawab id nasagenep nagne

acabmem asib uka awhab radas ukA

tabeh gnay acabmep halad ukA

aacab isi imahamem nagned acabmem tapad ukA n.

2 nataigeK

gnikaerB ecI

gnanes anas id gnanes inis id kiril nagned nakiynaynid riays :ugal nagnileS

s id ,acab inis iD anam id ,acab ana - x2.....al al al al al al al ,acab ulales anam

anamid ,ukub halakub ,ukub halakuB - x2..... al al al al al al ,ukub halakub anam

anam id ,ukub halacab ,ukub halacaB - x2....al al al al al ,ukub halacab anam

akub xxx ukub libma xxx :acab kupeT xxx ukub acab xxx ukub

isaulavE

.1 !acabmem naitregnep naksaleJ

.2 ?acabmem irad nagnutnuek apA

.3 ?acab umak gnires gnay ajas apa ukub naktubeS


87

LUDOM “ ”nainahoreK nataigeK malad fitkA


.1 nasahaB kokoP K nataigeK malad fitkA nainahore

.2 nagnibmiB gnadiB nagnibmiB idabirp

.3 isnetepmok radnatS tapad awsiS nataigek itukignem irad taafnam nakasarem .nainahorek

.4 rasaD isnetepmoK S upmam awsi akij helorepid gnay apa naktubeynem.nainahorek nataigek itukignem

.5 b kokop buS nasaha .a itrA nainahorek nataigek

.b naujuT nainahorek nataigek itukignem

.c nainahorek nataigek itukignem taafnaM

.6 rotakidnI .a upmam awsiS naksalejnem itra nainahorek nataigek .b pmam awsiS iuhategnem u naujut nataigek itukignem

nainahorek .c upmam awsiS m iauhategnem nataigek itukignem taafna

nainahorek .7 edoteM nad hamareC .bawaj aynat

.8 utkaW tinem 04


.01 rebmuS nanus.stnirpe//:ptth - fdp.MIRAK_LUDBA/1/271/di.ca.lepma

tahilem/21/90/1102/moc.swennubirt.kanaitnop//:ptth -gnipmek - inahor - kmo - ikorap - abot

bab/30/9002/moc.sserpdrow.selif.rahzadamha - cod.i

.11 narasaS salek PMS awsiS IIIV


97




ratnagnep nakirebmem nagned



nakragnedneM

imahamem nad

tinem 5

.2 naijayneP

iretam



nakragnedneM

imahamem nad

tinem 51

.3 nakajregneM

sagut

gnibmibmeP sagut nakirebmem

nataigek lawdaj ianegnem

nakanaskalid gnay nainahorek

uggnim utas amales




.awsis adap

awsiS mem -

rabmel imaha

tubesret ajrek

nad

nakajregnem

tinem 01


08

1 nataigeK

nainahorek nataigeK

nakapureM nataigek agaek gnadib nagned natiakreb gnay ada gnay naam

amaga naraja naknalajnem nad nakanaskalem malad takaraysam napudihek malad

irahes napudihek malad - irah .

:naamagaek/nainahorek nataigek itukignem naujuT

.1 ragnep irad radnihreT nad abokran itrepes vitagen hu

sabeb naluagrep

.2 ad latnem naktakgnineM tauk gnay irid ayacrep asar n

.3 asawed gnay idabirp nakgnabmek hubmuneM

.4 nanipmimepek awij naktakgnineM

itukignem taafnaM nainahorek nataigek :naamagaek/

.1 namet habmaneM

.2 kaynab hibel naamagaek umli tapadneM

.3 naamagaek nataigek malad isapisitrapreb rajaleB

.4 aneM nakrajaid kadit gnay nauhategnep/namalagnep habm

salek id

.5 isasinagroreb nauhategnep habmaneM

.6 sasinagroreb takab nakgnabmegnem tapaD .i


18

hotnoC - nainahorek nataigek hotnoc :naamagaek/

.1 artuP - ratla irtup )kilotak(

.2 araus naudaP )netsirk ,kilotak(

.3 ajamer isimoK ( )udnih ,ahdub ,malsi ,netsirk ,kilotak

.4 )malsi( APT

.5 )malsi( naijagneP

.6 )netsirk ,kilotak( nami namaladneP

.7 kilotak( hadabi tapmet nakhisrebmeM , )udnih ,ahdub,malsi ,netsirk .

NAAMAGAEK NATAIGEK ITUKIGNEM LAWDAJ

MALAD UTAS UGGNIM

NATAIGEK SINEJ KAYNAB TAPMET

rook nahitaL .a

.....................b

.....................c

.....................d

.....................e

ilak 4 AJEREG

isaulavE

.1 !umtapadnep turunem naamagaek/nainahorek nataigek itra naksaleJ

.2 ?naamagaek/nainahorek nataigek itukignem naujut apA

.3 am apA ?naamagaek/nainahorek nataigek itukignem taafn

.4 ?umamaga malad ada gnay naamagaek/nainahorek nataigek ajas apA


28

LUDOM “ M iadnaP ”utkaW nemejana


.1 nasahaB kokoP utkaw nemejanam iadnaP


.3 isnetepmok radnatS kiab nagned nataigek utkaw rutagnem tapad awsiS

.4 rasaD isnetepmoK S irahes nataigek malad utkaw rutagnem upmam awsi - irah

.5 nasahab kokop buS .a utkaw nemejanam itrA .b utkaw nemejanam araC .c utkaw nemejanam taafnaM .d gnem kadit naigureK kiab nagned utkaw ruta .e nataigek hotnoC - nad kasednem gnitnep nataigek

kasednem kadit gnitnep kadit naataigek .6 rotakidnI .a upmam awsiS utkaw nemejanam itra naksalejnem

.b pmam awsiS utkaw nemejanam arac naksalejnem u

.c upmam awsiS nemejanam taafnam naktubeynem utkaw

.d nakkujnunem upmam awsiS k rutagnem kadit naigurekiab nagned utkaw

.e naktubeynem upmam awsiS nataigek - gnitnep nataigekkasednem kadit gnitnep kadit naataigek nad kasednem


.8 utkaW tinem 04

.9 talA CL ,ludoM ,potpaL D

.01 rebmuS 737/sevihcra/di.oc.orpinu.golb//:ptth

01/72/30/9002/moc.pacalicnetsirkams.www//:ptth - it sp -kutnu - nemejanam - utkaw - araces - /fitkefe

mejanam/3/meti/lanruoj/moc.ylpitlum.nalidaekatnicep//:ptthne utkaw



38


.oN taigeK salek na gnibmibmep uruG awsiS utkaW


ratnagnep nakirebmem nagned



nakragnedneM

imahamem nad

tinem 5

.2 naijayneP

iretam

m naksalejnem gnibmibmeP ireta


nakragnedneM

imahamem nad

01 tinem

.3 naniamreP awsis kutnebmem gnibmibmeP

gnay kopmolek malad


nakirebmem gnibmibmep naidumeK

udnamem nad naniamrep kujnutep

nataigek nakukalem kutnu awsis

ep .naniamr

nakanaskaleM 51 tinem

.4 iskelfeR gnibmibmeP nakirebmem

nagned natiakreb gnay naaynatrep

naidumek .tubesret naniamrep

nakacabmem kutnu awsis atnimem

sarek araus nagned aynnabawaj

nakajregneM

nad

nakanaskalem

tinem 5

.4 isaulavE kalem gnibmibmeP isaulave naku


.awsis adap

awsiS mem -

rabmel imaha

tubesret ajrek

nad

nakajregnem

5 tinem


48

1 natigeK

ukutkaw rutagnem iadnaP

sesorp halada utkaw nemejanaM naktaafnamem

kiabes nagned utkaw - naktareb kitinem nagned aynkiab

ta upmam kutnu iridnes irid naupmamek sa

aggnihes utkaw lortnognem ,rutagnem ,nakanacnerem

.naparah nagned iauses lisah tapadid

utkaw nemejnam ayngnitneP

.utauses naklisahgnem kaynab uata fitkudorp hibel atik pudih taubmeM

amem nagned rajaleb malad aynlasiM lisah akam kiab gnay rajaleb utkaw nemejan

.naksaumem nad kiab naka nuprajaleb

utkaw nemejanamem araC :

gnitnep nataigek nakamatugneM kasednem nad kadit

.kasednem nad anacner taubmem ,naklasiM

.aynutkaw adap tapet hamur nataigek nakajregnem

lawdaj taubmeM nauggnim

nataigek utkaw nakutneT - gnitnep uata amatu nataigek

nataigek kutnu utkaw nakutneT - .aynnial nataigek

:kiab nagned utkaw nakanuggnem taafnaM

naped asam nakpaiyneM

naksiraweM malad seskus gnaro kaynab adA .nial gnaro adapek utauses

d akij aynpudih icnuk utas halas awhab kapmaN .kiab nagned irusuleti

utkaw nakanuggnem akerem naupmamek halada uti akerem nalisahrebek

kiab nagned

anerak kaynab hibel utauses nakukalem tapad :aynnial sitkarp taafnaM

satiroirp nakutnenem upmam


58

igrene iaynupmeM k hibel gnay iauses nakraulek atik gnay igrene anera

nahutubek nagned

.iggnit isatserp nad ,nagnabmisek ,irid nailadnegnep :amatu gnilap taafnaM

nataigek hotnoC - :kasednem nad gnitnep gnay nataigek

rajaleB

RP nakajregneM

aodreB

aut gnaro utnabmeM

nataigek itukigneM irat sel :lasim ,relukilukartske

awaj ,gnaner sel ,)ratig ,lacov ,murd ,onaip( kisum sel , .irid aleb

.lld ,gnigoj ,adepesreb ,igap manes :agar haloreb nagned natahesek agajneM

nataigek hotnoC - :kasednem kadit nataigek

mlif notnoneM

kisum nakragnedneM

nalaJ - naajnalebrep tasup ek nalaj

niamreb

.lld,natenretnI


68

NANIAMREP

utab isigneM - .auqa saleg maladek risap nad licek utab

: NIAMREB ARAC

M utab nakusa - lad ek licek utab haub 2 kaynabes auqa saleg ma

K risap nagned isiid naidume

I d igal is utab nagne - tab licek u ilabmek

T ada apnat hunep isiret auqa saleg iapmas naksure .asisret gnay risap

helo aynarac uhatirebid apnat iridnes nakukalem awsis aynmulebes nakahasU

.urug

utab naidumek uluhad hibelret risap nakusam ,nial arac nagned aboC - utab

gnay apa ,licek aka nad aynaumes kusam naka kadit risap narituB ?idajret n

.asis ada

:naniamrep isaulavE

utab ,maj 42 utiay irahes malad utkaw halmujes tarabi halada auqa saleG -

.rajaleb nagnibmib ,sel ,halokes ,rajaleb ;itrepes amatu nataigek halada licek utab

halada risaP akub ,tenrawek ,retupmoc niam ,sp niam ;itrepes nagniles nataigek

auqa saleg akam uluhad hibelret risap nakusamem atik alibapA .VT notnon ,tenretni

tapad kadit asis ada hisam nad tikides gnay utab nad risap halmuj nagned isiret naka

adus anerak igal isiid akam uluhad hibelret utab nakusamem alibapa ipateT .hunep h

isiret naka auqa saleg naruku nagned iauses nakaidesid halet gnay risap nad utab

.isiret kadit gnay uata asiset gnay ada apnat hunep iapmas

irahes nataigek malad naikimed nagneD - em surah atik irah nataigek nakajregn

atik aggnihes nagniles nataigek nagned isiid naidumek uluhad hibelret amatu gnay

tapad .kiab nagned utkaw naktaafnamem


78

iskelfeR

.1 ini amales hakapA umak ?kiab nagned utkaw rutagnem

.2 hakapA umak irahes nataigek lawdaj taubmem - ?irah

.3 akapA umak h irahes nataigek lawdaj taubmem - ,kiab nagned naknalajid nad irah

?taubid halet gnay lawdaj iauses rutaret

.4 namalagnep anamiagaB umak akitek umak irahes nataigek nakukalem - irah

?rutaret kadit araces

irahes nataigek malad utkaw alolegneM - irah

.1 j haltauB lawda napudihek nataigek irahes - ,rajaleb ,niamreb iraD !umirah

!bsd ,utro utnabmem

.2 umak gnay lawdaj nakanaskalem asib umak raga nakahasu umak gnay apA

?taub

uggnim utas amales nataigeK

.oN iraH utkaW nataigek

.1 nineS

.2 asaleS

.3 ubaR

.4 simaK

.5 tamuJ

.6 utbaS

.7 uggniM


88

LUDOM “ ” taheS naracaP


.1 nasahaB kokoP taheS naracaP


.3 isnetepmok radnatS upmam awsiS itregnem nad lanegnem arac gnay naracaptahes

.4 rasaD isnetepmoK upmam awsiS tahes gnay naracap arac naksalejnem

.5 nasahab kokop buS .a itrA naracap .b tahes naracap taafnaM .c taiK - taik tahes naracap

.6 rotakidnI .a upmam awsiS itra naksalejnem naracap .b pmam awsiS naksalejnem u tahes naracap taafnam .c mam awsiS up naktubeynem taik - tahes naracap taik


.8 utkaW tinem 04


.01 rebmuS ada//:ptth - nagnutnuek/20/1102/moc.rabka - nad - naigurek -irad - /naracap

iS.M,inayirP onteR.J.M.arD ,ajameR igolokisP ludoM



98




akirebmem nagned ratnagnep n



nakragnedneM

imahamem nad

tinem 5

.2 naijayneP

iretam



nakragnedneM

imahamem nad

tinem 01

.3 naniamreP gnibmibmeP awsis kutnebmem

malad gnay kopmolek

aud nakatoggnareb naidumeK .gnaro

kujnutep nakirebmem gnibmibmep

awsis udnamem nad naniamrep

nataigek nakukalem kutnu

.naniamrep


.4 isuksiD

kopmolek

gnibmibmeP nakirebmem

natiakreb gnay naaynatrep nagned

amet atnimem naidumek .tubesret

nakacabmem kutnu awsis

sarek araus nagned aynnabawaj

nakajregneM

nad

nakanaskalem

tinem 5



.awsis adap

awsiS mem -

rabmel imaha

tubesret ajrek

ad n

nakajregnem

tinem 5


09

1 nataigeK

taheS naracaP

nikames gnay naracap halada laedi gnay naracaP

haleb audek nagnabmekrep nad nahubmutrep gnukudnem

nikames gnaro taubmem tapad nakparahid naracaP .idabirp iagabes kahip

nupuam rajaleb malad kiab tagnamesreb kadit gnaY .aynnial sativitka alages malad

gnisam naktabikagnem alibapa halada naracap malad nakparahid - uata kahip gnisam

.hadner rajaleb isavitom nad tagnamesreb kadit ,halasamreb ,aigahab kadit aynaudek

races tahes gnay naracap halada tahes gnay naracaP nad laisos ,isome ,kisif a

: tukireb iagabes halada salej hibel araceS .lautirips

ikilimem ,tikas gnapmag kadit ,tahes idajnem hubut taubmem: kisif araces taheS

imalagnem nikgnum tubesret gnaro ,aynnasalA .kiab gnay kisif nanahatek

areles ,aigahab naasarap .natahesek agajnem nad ,nakam

tanimreb ,tagnamesreb ,aigahab naasarep ayngnabmekreb : sikisp araces taheS

.ayniagabes nad ,rabas ,utnetret gnadib malad

,aigahab ,gnanes nikames atik ratikesid gnaro taubmem : laisos araces taheS

abes nad utnabret asarem .ayniag

nad atnic hutaj nakasarem naka itsap aisunam paiteS

nakapurem ini ,sinej nawal padahret nakiratretek ikilimem

naupmamek nagned ilakebid uti aynaumeS .rajaw gnay lah

atinaw nad airp aggnihes ,uti nagnorod alolegnem kutnu

gnilaskadit nad itregnem .nakhutajnem uata nakrucnahgnem


19

tahes naracap taafnaM

.1 irid isavitom nad tagnameynep iagabeS

.2 .iracap atik gnay racap saila nial gnaro irad hibel naitahrep naktapadneM

.3 kenu,nahulek gnaubmem haduM - gnay nahalasamrep tahruc iagabreb saila,kenu

malad idajret .atik racap adapek pudih

.4 .akud nupuam gnanes taas id aites ragnednep adA

.5 ,nakam kiab ritkartnem gnay adA munim .gnolob gnotnak taasid bsd,

.6 emityreve inamenem aites gnay ada anerak,atik irid naipesek naka kadiT

.erehwyreve

P naigureK naraca

.1 k utkaw ignarugneM ed isakinumokreb kutnU.maj 42 atik utkaw,ati racap nagn

hibel gnaruk utkaw nakhutubmem 5 – .irahrep maj 01

.2 ajas keybo utas nakrikimem anerak,kato ajrek tabmahgneM naracap utiay naka

.lakgnad nad tipmes nikames atik kato taubmem

.3 maz igalapa,gnau naksibahgneM gnau,aslup gnau sibaH.ini itrepes nredom na

gnau nad,nisneb – aynnial gnau .

.4 atic tabmahgneM - atiC.atic - narikip malad isanijami utaus irad tapad id atic

naka aynutnet,racap adapek isanijamireb hadus atik narikip akij,atik

.tabmahgnem

.5 kefe naklubminem tapaD .sutup alibapa,itah tikas

:tahes naracap spiT

rajaw ipat arseM nokis itregN satiroirp aynuP iridnam pateT utkaw igaB .


29

2 nataigeK

naniamreP iriC“ - ”halada ayniric

:rudesorP

.1 kudud nad )kewec nad kowoc nakahasu( nagnasapreb gnilas atoggna huruleS

napadahreb

.2 itamagnem gnilas maid kudud nad nalanekreb naidumek nagnasap paiT

iric nagned natiakreb gnay lah 01 halmujes aynnagnasap - anraw itrepes ayniric

tiluk ,igig ,gnipuk ,gnudih ,atam ,tubmar kutneb nad nagnat , .ikak ,

.3 akgnil malad gnubagreb aumes ,iaseles haleteS nagnasap pait nagned raseb nar

.nagnipmadreb kudud patet

.4 iridreb kutnu nagnasap utas halas kaca races kujnunem ulal gnibmibmeP

atresep padahgnem utas gnay ,gnuggnup uda gnilas isisop malad ,)malad( nial

.)raul( gnakaleb padahagnem utas gnay nad

.5 nay gnaroeS aman sarek nagned naktubeynem surah uti gnakaleb padahgnem g

iric 01 nagned aynnagnasap - nad nakragnednem nial atresep aratnemes ,ayniric

naitnag ,uti haleteS .aynisamrofni amas kadit gnay lah ada ualak itamagnem

.amas gnay lah nakukalem aynnagnasap

.6 haleteS nagnasap narilig kujnunem kutnu kahreb tubesret nagnasap ,iaseles

.gnibmibmep helo nakutnetid gnay utkaw iapmas aynsuretes utigeb ,nial gnay

:naujuT

.1 iric nagned lanek gnilas nagnasap ratna ragA - ayniric

.2 iric tagnignem asib nagnasap ratna ragA - sap irad iric .aynnagna


39

3 nataigeK

kopmoleK isuksiD

: tukireb iagabes lah malad kopmolek atoggna pait adapek halnakisuksiD

.1 gnay nabawaj niales ?apa itrepes uti tahes gnay naracap ,adna kopmolek turuneM

sataid iretam adap aretret

.2 y naracap ,adna kopmolek turuneM hotnoc nakireb ? apa itrepes uti fitisop gna

! gnipmasid rabmag adap itrepes


49

.3

naracapreb gnades gnay gnaro tahilem kopmolek nad adna hakhanreP

gnay apa sata hakkiab ? sataid 3 romon rabmag adap itrepes

!aynnasala halireB ?aynnakukalid

isaulavE

.1 iric naksalej nad naktubeS - aynkapmad atres tahes kadit gnay naracap irad iric

! nial gnaro nad iridnes irid igab kiab

.2 laH - idajret kadit raga naracapreb malad iradnihid ulrep gnay hakajas apa lah

lah - ? naknigni id gnay lah

.3 ignem haleteS igab helolrepid gnay hakajas apa taafnam ,ini nataigek ituk

? adna irid nagnabmekrep


59

BAB V

NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK

nad naitilenep lisah nalupmisek ianegnem nakakumekid naka ini bab malaD

naras - nataigek padahret naras .awsis adap gnaul utkaw isisgnem

.A pmiseK nalu

lisah nasahabmep nad naitilenep lisah nakrasadreb nalupmisek aparebeB

:halada naitilenep

.1 R maga nataigek gnaul utkaw naisignep helo nakanaskalid gnires gnay

atrakaygoY oricaB ocsoB sennaoJ PMS awsis satiroyam utiay notnonem

s ,)%8,89( VT sm - na ( %3,69 ) emag niam ,)%5,19( RP nakajregnem ,

.)%2,09( nakam aod nad ,)%2,09(

.2 D ira nataigek ritub meti 87 halmuj tapadret ,gnaul utkaw naisignep ritub 81

awsis satiroyam paggnaid gnay nataigek iagabes numan gnitnep nataigek

acabmem :nial aratna ,nakanaskalid kadit ,irid aleb ,igap manes ,lekitra

,iatnal lepegnem ,kab sarugnem ,idnam ramak iatnal nakhisrebmem

,imonoke sel ,akisif sel ,akitametam sel ,aisenodnI asahab sel ,ujab icuynem

nanayalep ,gnaner sel ,lacov sel ,murd sel ,ratig sel ,onaip sel ,awaj irat sel

met ;hadabi tap nataigek awsis satiroyam paggnaid gnay nataigek ritub 6

,zzaJ kisum nakragnednem ;nial aratna ,nakanaskalid numan gnitnep kadit

,naracap ,retupmok id mlif notnonem ,kimok acabmem ,neprec acabmem

nalaj - .naajnalebrep tasup ek nalaj


69

.B naraS

tukireB naitilenep lisah nagned iauses gnay naras aparebeb nakakumekid ini

.kahip iagabreb kutnu

.1 gnibmibmeP uruG

ianegnem nagnibmib nakirebmem aynkadneh gnibmibmep uruG

awsis nataigek raga gnaul utkaw nataigek fitkurtsnok lah irad hagecret nad - lah

d nakigurem gnay .irah naidumeki

.2 awsis igaB

naka radas aynkadneh awsiS ignep nataigek magareb gnaul utkaw nais

tapad aggnihes ,fitkefe nad ,fitairav gnay naisignep nataigek magar ilaggnem

.aynirid nagnabmegnep malad nakukalid kutnu laisnetop gnay gnaul utkaw

.3 igaB itileneP niaL

malad nakanugid gnay renoiseuk uajninem aynkadneh nial itileneP

naktapadnem naparah nagned nakanaskalid tubesret nauajnineP .ini naitilenep

.tubesret renoiseuk satilauk naktakgninem kutnu naurahabmep


79

AKATSUP RATFAD

a//ptth .9002 .ludbA - ym - golb /11/1102/moC .topsgolB .imhaf naitregnep - ajamer lmth.

.1102 rebmevoN 81 hudnuid

.5002 .M ,irorsA nad ,M ,ilA kidiD atreseP nagnabmekreP ajameR igolokisP .

.araskA imuB :atrakaJ

.5002 .imisrahus ,otnukirA rasaD - )isiveR isidE( nakididneP isaulavE rasad trakaJ . :a

araskA imuB .

.3002 .yrreD ,idairsA ratiG niamreB rajaleB hadumreT taiK nawaK :gnudnaB .

.akatsuP

.5002 .S ,rawzA igolokisP alakS nanusuyneP .rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY .

2 .lecraM ,ffenoB .800 aisenodnI kimoK . .anauY idraM akifarG :rogoB

5002 .irA ,iramaD . AMS akisiF sapuK .aideM uyhaW :atrakaJ .

.5791 .M ,ayruS nad I ,ruhmujD halokeS id nahuluyneP nad nagnibmiB :gnudnaB .

.umlI .VC

.4002 .ijA artuP ,asE iynayneM haduM suruJ 1001 .naziM!raD :gnudnaB .

.6002 .iyhuM ,quraF inamsaJ nakididneP srebeK nad agarhalo nahi :atrakaJ .

odnisarG .

.0102 .amirP ,anaivatkO nad yrraH ,gatierF ajamer alA ureS teiD ajgoJ :atrakaygoY .

rehsilbuP!taerG ;.

,asranuG nad higgniS ,asranuG .5991 .ailuY kanA nagnabmekreP igolokisP :atrakaJ .

.ailuM gnunuG


89

.7002 .ordneH orpmI sitkarP naudnaP seulB & kcoR onaiP isasiv apsuP :atrakaJ .

.arawS

.6002 .B htebazilE ,kcolruH nagnabmekreP igolokisP .aggnalrE :atrakaJ .

61 hudnuid utkaw/ikiw/gro.aidipikiw.di//ptth .7991 .aisenodnI asahaB raseB sumaK

.1102 iluJ

02 .gnadnaN ,sakgnumaP nad liamsI ,idayamsuK .70 asahabreB sadreC nad lipmareT

aisenodnI .amatarP aideM odnifarG :gnudnaB .

avE ,itawamhaR nad ;adiA iniD ,irtiF ;liamsI ,idayamsuK .8002 . asahab tramS eB

aisenodnI .amatarP aideM odnifarG :gnudnaB .

.rakaB ubA ,nidduL .0102 rasaD - nauajniT gnilesnoK rasaD kitkarP nad iroeT .

sitnireP aideM akatsupatiC :gnudnaB

.semaJ ,woletknaM .0102 emiT ruoY eganaM . ayabaruS .siriL :

.2891 .idnA ,eraippaM ajameR igolokisP . .lanoisaN ahasU :aybaruS

.5991 .ngI ,ojdisaM halokes id awsiS rajaleB lisaH naiapacneP naialineP .

goY .suisinaK :atrakay

iduR ,hisgninitayluM .6002 . rirak nad ,rajaleb ,laisos idabirp nagnibmiB :atrakaJ .

.odnisarG

.8002 .yduR,onoyluM sitkarP iriD aleB .sserpdeM :atrakaygoY .

8891.imskalotisruM tth /di.oc.elgoog.www//:p naisignep - utkaw - gnaul iluJ 32 hudnuid

1102

;iniraM ;itnayruM nad ,idayirpuS .7002 .kkd nataheseK nad nahisebeK :atrakaJ .

.odnisarG


99

nnamueN , noV .J nad nretsnegroM .O , /50/9002/moc.topsgolb.hailuklairotut//:ptth

rasad - rasad - iroet - lmth.emagnaniamrep - rebmevoN 42 laggnat hudnuid

.0102

.9002 .nahruB ,orotnayigruN napareT kitsitatS ytisrevinU adaM hajdaG :atrakaygoY .

.sserP

.7002 .edi nalakgnaP hcaeB htuoS teiD .odnitupmoK aideM xelE :atrakaJ .

.7002 .____________ eciffO eht ni gnilaeH rennI .odnitupmoK aideM xelE :atrakaJ .

aragenariwarP aniloraK ,ehtnumlaD nad ;irdnirA ,auknaD ; .5002 . racap idajneM

.)?his ag kiysA( aiteS .akatsuP nawaK :kopeD

rP .3002 .irS ,onowaB nad owobiwirA ,onoskasoji efiL ruoY lortnoC xelE :atrakaJ .

.odnitupmoK aideM

,oyodrahsirP otnawramirT , niqidohS nad .5002 , 1 saleK PMS imonokE narajaleP .

odnisarG :atrakaJ

.8002 .ruN ,itutsaijuP awsiS gnauL utkaW nataigeK ispirkseD - iwsis PMS B IIV salek

.7002/6002 naraja nuhat netalK atpmussA atanaS satisrevinU :atrakaygoY

.atrakaygoY amrahD

.6002 .ukgnauT ,hkiays nad damA ,namhaR ediuG gnitneraP naziM :gnudnaB .

.akilbuP

.3002 .semaJ ,enallipS tnemeganaM emiT .suisinaK :atrakaygoY :

nehpetS .yevoC & .0102 fitkefE tagnaS gnay aisunaM naasaibeK 7 :atrakaJ .

araskA apuraniB .

.onoyiguS .0102 ,fitatilauK ,fitatitnauK natakedneP nakididneP naitileneP edoteM

.D & R nad .atebaflA :gnudnaB


001

0002 .hanilrateoS ,ijdakuS . igolokisP nad nakididneP igolokisP halokeS :kopeD .

.igolokisP nakididneP nad narukugneP anaraS nagnabmegneP agabmeL

.6002 .hidoayS anaN ,atanidamkuS gnudnaB .nakididneP naitileneP edoteM ajameR :

.ayraK adsoR

.9002 .assO ,rakgnuS alumep kutnU murD niamreB naudnaP nawaK :atrakaJ .

.akatsuP

.9002 .rutaC ,onomtapuS kiysA akitametaM .odnisarG :atrakaJ .

.5002 .egroeG ,nesdlikroT tnemeganaM noitaerceR dna erusieL :kroY weN .

.egdeltuoR

,uyhaW ;hitaR onotraS , ;ocnE ,nawaiteS ;idneH .7002 .kkd nagnukgniL nakididneP

2 atrakaJ ayaduB itsiduY :atrakaJ . .ar

lekniW nad .irS ,itutsaH 6002 nakididneP isutitsnI id gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB . .

.idabA aideM :atrakaygoY

.6002 .lusA ,otnayiW IIX saleK AM/AMS aisenodnI asahaB narajaleP :atrakaJ .

odnisarG .

.5002 .amirP ,itutsA nad lusA ,otnayiW senodnI asahabreB upmaM XI saleK PMS ai .

odnisarG :atrakaJ .


101 Lampiran 1


201 Lampiran 1


301 Lampiran 1

nagnutihrep lisaH utiay F 8,0 527 naidumek at ek nakisatlusnokid ialin leb

= N nagned r sitirk 82 kkujnunem nakifingis farat adap awhab na 1 halada % ,0 ≥ 694 .

utigeB .lebailer nakataynid nemurtsni satilibailer aggnihes ,nakifingis N isalerok idaJ

naidumek 0378,0 utiay PT kutnu nagnutihrep lisah nagned alup ek nakisatlusnokid

at = N nagned r sitirk ialin leb 82 nem kkujnu nakifingis farat adap awhab na 1 %

halada ,0 ≥ 694 . nakataynid nemurtsni satilibailer aggnihes ,nakifingis N isalerok idaJ

.lebailer


401 Lampiran 2

euK si reno

,ini natapmesek adaP imak naataynrep isignem kutnu adnA naaidesek nohomem -

.ini renoiseuk malad naataynrep pakis nad gnitnep kadit uata gnitnep pakis nakutneT

adnA gnay gnaul utkaw adap nataigek nakukalem malad gnires kadit uata gnires

.ikilim tagnas naka ,ini renoiseuk bawajnem nagned nakireb adnA gnay isamrofnI

igab anugreb imak kutnu atnimid adnA uti anerak , huggnus nagned bawajnem -

.huggnus

akam ,aisahar tafisreb ini renoiseuK imak bawajnem adnA nakparahgnem tagnas

,adnA nautnab satA .iridnes adnA namalagnep nagned iauses ,rujuj araces imak

.hisak amiret nakpacugnem

: kujnuteP

.1 s bawajnem halada adna saguT ilimem arac nagned meti paite fitanertla utas halas h

nabawaj : utiay ,aidesret gnay

.a I nabawaJ fitanretlA

)1 gnitneP )P(

gnitneP kadiT )2 )PT(

.b II nabawaJ fitanretlA

)1 nakukaliD )D(

)2 nakukalid kadiT )DT(

.2 : aynaraC kec adnat nakireB ( ,naataynrep romon nagned iauses molok adap )

nabawaj nahilip nagned iauses A .adn

.3 aynrep nuputas ada nagnaJ at itawel adna gnay na . kadit ini renoiseuk naisigneP

arajalep malad naialinep nagned aynnatiak ada .n rujujes gnay nabawaj nakireB -

ynrujuj .a


501 Lampiran 2

.oN

utkaw naisignep nataigek ratfaD

.gnaul

nagnabmitreP nad gnitnepgnitnep kadit

isneukerFnaanaskalretek

P PT D DT

.1 pop kisum nakragnedneM

.2 tudgnad kisum nakragnedneM

.3 kcor cisum nakragnedneM

.4 zzaJ kisum nakragnedneM

.5 oidar nakragnedneM

.6 kisalk kisum nakragnedneM

.7 halajam acabmeM

.8 naroK acabmeM

.9 neprec acabmeM

.01 kimok acabmeM

.11 levon acabmeM

.21 umli ukub acabmeM

nauhategnep

.31 isiup acabmeM

.41 lekitra acabmeM

.51 igap maneS

.61 gnaneR

.71 notnimdaB

.81 alob kapeS

.91 gnigoJ

.02 teksaB

.12 iloV

.22 irid aleB

.32 adepesreB


601 Lampiran 2

.oN


.gnaul

nagnabmitreP nad gnitnepgnitnep kadit


P PT D DT .42 pisoG

.52 nairah ukub siluneM

.62 emag niaM

.72 koobecaf akubmeM

.82 tenretni id gnittahC

.92 nasmS

.03 enohpeleT

.13 numaleM

.23 VT notnoneM

.33 id mlif notnoneM retupmoc

.43 kokoreM

.53 naracaP

.63 rotom isakifidoM

.73 naarahilep naweh isurugneM

.83 nalaJ - tasup ek nalaj naajnalebrep

.93 kinkiP

.04 tikas gnaro kugnejneM

.14 nagnukgnil itkab ajrek tukIhamur

.24 tukI lama nataigek

.34 kutnu anad naklupmugnem tukIanacneb nabrok

.44 isasinagro utaus tukI

.54 ramak nakhisrebmeM

.64 eM iatnal nakhisrebm ramakidnam

.74 idnam kab sarugneM


701 Lampiran 2

.oN


.gnaul

nagnabmitreP nad gnitnep

gnitnep kadit


P PT D DT .84 gnirip icuyneM

.94 iatnal upayneM

.05 namalah upayneM hamur

.15 iatnal lepegneM

.25 ujab icuyneM

.35 kasameM

.45 narajalep ilabmek irajalepmeM

halokesid nakirebid hadus gnay

.55 narajalep gnatnet isuksidreB

.65 RP nakajregneM

.75 aisenodnI asahaB seL

.85 sirggnI asahaB seL

.95 akitametaM seL

.06 akisiF seL

.16 seL imonokE

.26 awaJ iraT seL

.36 iraT seL nredoM

.46 onaip seL

.56 ratig seL

.66 aloiB seL

.76 murd seL

.86 lacov seL

.96 gnaneR seL

.07 etaraK seL

.17 iskelokeR


801 Lampiran 2

.oN


.gnaul

nagnabmitreP nad gnitnep

gnitnep kadit


P PT D DT

.27 artuP - nanayalep/ratla irtup

/dijsam nanayalep /ajereg

id nanayalep/arahiw nanayalep

arup

.37 ajamer nami namaladneP

.47 nakam aoD

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