pineapple in johor

8/19/2019 Pineapple in Johor

1/6

1.1 Pineapple

The pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a tropical plant with edible multiple fruit

consisting of coalesced berries, also called pineapples and approximately 1-2 meters tall

and wide. A fully grown pineapple plant has many leaes, in a sword shape arranged in

the form of dense compact rosette and the margin may or may not contain spine. The

morphology of pineapple is shown in !igure 1.1 and Table 1.1 shows the

commerciali"ed pineapple in #alaysia

Figure 1.1: #orphology by $lfic% (2&&')

Table 1.1: ommerciali"ed pineapples in #alaysia (ource* #u"ium +anas, ontian)

il Types of pineapple The aerage yield

(#Thectare)

Amount of plant

(tresshectare)1 /osapine 0& 0,&&

2 + 3 4& 2, 0&&

#oris 2&-20 0, &&

4 5andol 3& 4,0&&

1.1.1 Availability of Pineapple in Johor


2/6


3/6

The only study of proportion waste from pineapples was done by 9etnawa and

co-wor%ers (2&12). The experimental study was done on +ang 6ae and hu 6ae

pineapple fruits. There is no study about the proportion waste on the commerciali"ed

pineapple fruits in #alaysia yet. Thus, the study by 9etnawa and teams become a

benchmar% for the proportion waste of pineapple fruits for this pro:ect. !igure 1.

shows the waste from +ang 6ae and hu 6ae pineapple fruits and !igure 1.4 shows

proportion of pineapples wastes.

Figure 1.3: #orphology of +ang 6ae and hu 6ae pineapple fruits (A) and their wastes

() ;1


4/6

Figure 1.4: proportion of pineapples wastes

1.1.3 onversion Te!hnology

A" #thanol

=nterest in the economic conersion of renewable resources into alcohol using

low cost substrate, such as pineapple waste, has been increasing since the last decade.

>aste from pineapple cannery has been examined for ethanol production and shown in

!igure 1.0.

Figure 1.$: Alcohol production from pineapple waste ;2<

%" &itri! A!i'


5/6

Amandi and teams (2&&) were found that, the citric acid production was 2&2.0

g%g dried pineapple waste by ?arrowia lipolytica under solid state fermentation

conditions using pineapple waste.

" &(a!ti! A!i'

* 6actic acid has an important position in the family of carboxylic acids because

of its application in both food and non-food industries. =t is used as a preseratie and

acidulant in food industries. ome researchers hae used pineapple syrup, a food

processing waste, as low cost substrate for the production of lactic acid using

6actobacillus lactis and en"yme inertase to hydroly"e sucrose into glucose and

fructose. They hae reported the yield of 2& and 72 gl from 2& and 1&& g total sugarsl

(@eno et al., 2&&). =dris and u"ana (2&&3) used liuid pineapple waste as substrate to

ferment to lactic acid using 6actobacillus delbruec%ii under anaerobic conditions for '2

h. They used calcium alginate as the immobili"ation matrix to produce maximum yield

of &.'22- &.24 g lactic acidg glucose under different conditions of temperature and

pB. !ungal production of lactic acid from pineapple waste resulted in 17. and 14.'g6

lactic acid with Chi"opus arrhi"us and C. ory"ae (/in et al., 2&&0).

;1


6/6

[2] Utilization of Pineapple Waste: A Review ATUL UPA!"A"# $%&&WA'

PRA(A LA)A2 an* +!,'-,.!, TAWATA/

pineapple in johor

Documents