pengelolaan tenaga kerja panen dan sistem pengangkutan tandan buah segar kelapa sawit (elaeis...

7/31/2019 PENGELOLAAN TENAGA KERJA PANEN DAN SISTEM PENGANGKUTAN TANDAN BUAH SEGAR KELAPA SAWIT (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS JACQ.) DI KEBUN MUSTIKA PT SAJANG HEULANG MI

1/69

^GEAGIMILLE TGELAL FGXJL ^LEGE DLE [@[TGO

^GEALEAFWTLE TLEDLE HWLB [GALX FGIL^L [LQ@T

"Gilg`{ aw`egge{`{Jlk|%) D@ FGHWE OW[T@FL ^T [LJLEA

BGWILEA O@ELOL[ ^ILETLT@ME FLI@OLETLE [GILTLE

Migb

K@EDP KBL@XWE@[L

L ;44>88

^XMAXLO [TWD@ LAXMEMO@


2/69

^GEAGIMILLE TGELAL FGXJL ^LEGE DLE [@[TGO

^GEALEAFWTLE TLEDLE HWLB [GALX FGIL^L [LQ@T

"Gilg`{ aw`egge{`{Jlk|%) D@ FGHWE OW[T@FL ^T [LJLEA

BGWILEA O@ELOL[ ^ILETLT@ME FLI@OLETLE [GILTLE

[fx`~{` {ghlal` {lilb {ltw {plxlt wetwf

ogo~gxmigb agilx [lxjlel ^gxtle`le ~ldl

Clfwitl{ ^gxtle`le @e{t`twt ^gxtle`le Hmamx

Migb

K@EDP KBL@XWE@[L

L;44>88


3/69

^GEDLBWIWLE

Iltlx Hgilflea

Fgil~l {lq`t "Gilg`{ awègge{`{ Jlk|%) hwfleilb tlelole l{i` @edmeg{`l

dle hlxw d`tlelo {gklxl fmogx{ì ~ldl tlbwe >7)%

Hgxdl{lxfle dltl ~ldl tlbwe 8>>3 @edmeg{`l tgilb ogejld` egalxl

~geabl{ì K^M tgxhg{lx d` dwe`l dgeale tmtli ~xmdwf{` {gf`tlx


4/69

8

^gxfghwele xlfplt "^X) ogohgx` led`i ~xmdwf{` K^M {ghg{lx ;%347 jwtl

tme ";1%


5/69

;

Twjwle Olalea

Twjwle wowo fga`ltle olalea ldlilb


6/69

T@EJLWLE ^W[TLFL

Hmtle` Fgil~l [lq`t

Fgil~l {lq`t ogoì`f` ;3 fbxmom{mo% Gilg`{ hgxl{li dlx` Gil`me hgxlxt`

oèplf dlilo hlbl{l Pwele`% Awègge{`{ hgxl{li dlx` Awègl "~letl` hlxlt

Lcx`fl)% Jlk| hgxl{li dlx` elol Hmtle`{t Logx`fl Jlk|wè% "Iwh`{ >3)%

Tlf{memo` dlx` tlelole fgil~l {lq`t ldlilb :

D`s`{` : Gohxpm~bptl [`~bmelalol

[wh D`s`{` : ^tgxm~{`dl

Fgil{ : Lea`m{~gxolglg

Mxdm : Omemkmtpigdmeglg

Cloì` : Lxgklkglg

[wh Cloì` : Kmkm`dglg

Agew{ : Gilg`{

[~g{`g{ :Gilg`{ awègge{`{ Jlk|%

Lflx

Lflx tgxwtlol {gfli` hgxcwea{` wetwf ogewejlea {txwftwx hltlea d` ltl{

tlelb ogepgxl~ l`x dle we{wx blxl dlx` dlilo tlelb {gxtl {ghlal` {lilb {ltw lilt

xg{~`xl{`% [`{tgo ~gxlflxle fgil~l {lq`t ogxw~lfle {`{tgo lflx {gxlhwt tgxd`x`

ltl{ lflx ~xògx {gfwedgx tgx{`gx dle fwlxtgegx "^lble 8>>3)% Iwh`{ "


7/69

7

~gohwiwb plea ogealeafwt l`x dle blxl oègxli dlx` lflx fg ltl{ {gxtl bl{ì

cmtm{ètg{`{ dlx` dlwe fg hlqlb 6 {gxtl hgxcwea{` {ghlal` mxale ~geòhwele zltolflele "^lble 8>>3)%

Hltlea fgil~l {lq`t twohwb tgalf iwxw{ "~bmtmtxm~`) d`hweafw{ migb

~leafli ~gig~lb dlwe "cxmed hl{g)% Hltlea hgxhgetwf {ìèdgx hgxd`logtgx >%7 o

~ldl tlelole dgql{l dgeale hla`le hlqlb igh`b hg{lx d`{ghwt hmqi "Iwh`{


8/69

3

{g~gxt` ~md{mi`f iltm{mi b`dxmomxc`f fgilhw xgam{mi ledm{mi mxalem{mi dle

liws`li dgeale jwoilb kwxlb bwjle plea hl`f ldlilb 8>>>/87>> oo-tlbwe t`dlfogo`i`f` dgc`{`t l`x {gxtl lalf ogxltl {g~lejlea tlbwe "Iwh`{


9/69

1

Txle{~mxt hwlb ogxw~lfle oltl xletl` dlx` tàl clftmx pl`tw ~lege

~geamilble dle ~gealeafwtle% Fgtàl clftmx è` ogxw~lfle clftmx tgx~getèa dle{lièa ogo~gealxwb`% ^geagimille txle{~mxt hwlb ogoì`f` 3 {l{lxle plea blxw{

d`kl~l`% Fggelo {l{lxle tgx{ghwt pl`tw ogeèafltfle fwli`tl{ TH[

ogeèafltfle ~xmdwft`s`tl{ fgedlxlle ogejlal lalx l{lo igolf hghl{ "LIH)

~xmdwf{` blx`le 8/; ' fl~l{`tl{ dle fgileklxle ~geamilble d` ~lhx`f fglolele

TH[ dìl~lea {gxtl km{t "X~-fa TH[) txle{~mxt plea oèòli"^xlowdj` gt li

8>>4)%


10/69

OGTMDMIMA@

Qlftw dle Tgo~lt

Fga`ltle olalea è` dìlf{lelfle ~ldl tleaali >2 bèaal

>2 hgxtgo~lt d` Fghwe Ow{t`fl ^T% [ljlea Bgwilea Oèlol{

îletlt`me) Flhw~ltge Tlelb Hwohw ^xm~è{` Fliòletle [giltle%

Ogtmdg ^gilf{lelle

Fga`ltle plea dìlfwfle ~gewi`{ {gilol olalea ldlilb ogilfwfle

fga`ltle tgfe`{ hwd`dlpl dle oleljgoge fghwe ogeawo~wifle dltl ~xògx dle

dltl {gfwedgx ogealeli`{`{ dltl plea d`~gxmigb dle ogilfwfle {twd` i`tgxltwx%

^gilf{lelle olalea dìlfwfle hgxdl{lxfle ~gfgxjlle plea ldl d` fghwe dòlel

~gewi`{ hgfgxjl {ghlal` flxplqle blx`le ig~l{ {gilol 8 hwile ~gedlo~èa

oledmx {gilol < hwile dle ~gedlo~èa l{`{tge {gilol < hwile% Jwxeli blx`le

~gewi`{ {gilol fga`ltle olalea hgxilea{wea d`{lj`fle dlilo Tlhgi Ilo~`xle


11/69

0

hwt`x hwlb dèpltlfle oltlea hgxmedmile 7/0 dèpltlfle fwxlea oltlea dle

hgxmedmile ~golege dlx` 8

fgoledmxle% Ol{èa/ol{èa ~golege d`lohì {lo~gi {ghleplf 3> jlejlea

dlx` 8 T^B%

^gealoltle tgelal fgxjl ~lege plea dìlfwfle hgxw~l ~gealoltle

tgxbldl~ fwli`tl{ fgxjl ~golege% ^gealoltle dìlfwfle hgxdl{lxfle jwoilb

hgxmedmile plea tgxtèaali d` ~`xèale ~mbme alqleale olt` dle ~l{lx xèt`{

ldl t`dlfepl tledle oltlea plea t`dlf d`~lege ~gig~lb {geafigb dle msgx

~xweeèa% ^gealoltle dìlfwfle tgxbldl~ 8> mxlea ~golege kwttgx "~gogt`f

hwlb) dle 8> ~golege~`kfgx"~geawt`~ hgxmedmile) dlx` 8 fgoledmxle

^gealoltle ~gealeafwtle TH[ ogi`~wt` ~gealoltle tgelal fgxjl owlt

"fgegf) dle fgedlxlle leafwt hwlb% ^gealoltle dìlfwfle dgeale ogi`bltowltle ~gx leafwtle qlftw owlt dle fwli`tl{ fgxjl fgegf% ^gealoltle fwli`tl{

fgxjl fgegf dìlfwfle hgxdl{lxfle hgxmedmile plea tgxtèaali d` T^B%

^gealoltle dìlfwfle tgxbldl~ {gowl leafwtle ~lege plea tgxdl~lt d` Fghwe

Ow{t`fl "Bèm ^[ ^[


12/69

FMED@[@ WOWO FGHWE

Igtlf Ldoè`{txlt`c

Fghwe Ow{t`fl ^T% [ljlea Bgwilea {gklxl ldoè`{txlt`c tgxigtlf d` Dg{l

Ow{t`fl [ghlohle S@ Fgkloltle Fwxlej` Flhw~ltge Tlelb Hwohw ^xm~è{`

Fliòletle [giltle% Fghwe Ow{t`fl dl~lt d`kl~l` dgeale jlile dlxlt dlx` fmtl

Hlejlx Hlxw fg lxlb Hltwi`kè bèaal {lo~l` d` ~gxtàlle Hgtwea dgeale jlxlf

87> fo% Fghwe Ow{t`fl tgigtlf 87 fo dlx` Hgtwea%

Igtlf Agmaxlc`{

[gklxl agmaxlc`{ Fghwe Ow{t`fl ^T% [ljlea Bgwilea tgxigtlf ~ldl

fmmxdèlt ;m431 I[ ;m73 ) h f < 7


13/69


14/69

>1 ogekl~l` tme-bl "Tlhgi

Ilo~`xle 3)% ^xmdwft`s`tl{ `e` tgxamimea xgedlb flxgel {tledlxd ~xmdwft`s`tl{Olx`blt ogewxwt wowx dle fgil{ ilble Fghwe Ow{t`fl "ilble fgil{ @@@) ldlilb 8;

tme-bl wetwf tlbwe tlelo 10

[wohgx: Fletmx Hg{lx Ow{t`fl 8>>2


15/69

MXALE@[L[@ DLE OLELAGOGE FGHWE

Mxale`{l{` dle Fgtgelalfgxjlle

^ldl igsgi oleljgoge fghwe Fghwe Ow{t`fl d`~ò~è migb {gmxlea

olelagx% olelagx ogohlqlb` {gmxlea {ge`mx l{`{tge dle {gmxlea fg~lil

ldoè`{txl{` "fl{`g)% {ge`mx l{`{tge ogohlqlb` l{`{tge d`s`{` fg~lil fglolele

fg~lil ~mi`fiè`f fg~lil hgeafgi fg~lil awdlea dle fgxle` txlf{`% l{`{tge d`s`{`

ogohlqlb` oledmx dle fgxle` d`s`{` "Alohlx Ilo~`xle 8)%

Tgelal fgxjl d` Fghwe Ow{t`fl tgxd`x` ltl{ flxplqle {tlc dle eme {tlc%

flxplqle {tlc tgxd`x` ltl{ olelagx) {ge`mx l{`{tge l{`{tge d`s`{` dle fg~lil

ldoè`{txl{`% flxplqle eme {tlc tgxd`x` ltl{ flxplqle {gx`flt flxplqle wtlol/

hwilele "[FW/H) {gx`flt flxplqle wtlol/blx`le "[FW/B) dle flxplqle blx`le

ig~l{ "FBI)% Flxplqle {tlc hgxjwoilb 7 mxlea flxplqle eme {tlc hgxjwoilb 384

mxlea dgeale ~gxèk`le flxplqle [FW/H {gjwoilb 1; mxlea [FW/B ;04 mxlea

dle FBI {gjwoilb


16/69


17/69


18/69

7%;> Q@TL% L{`{tge lfle ogohgx`fle fmxgf{`

tgxbldl~ ~gfgxjlle blx` {ghgiwoepl dle ogohgx`fle lxlble fg~ldl t`l~/t`l~

oledmx ogeagel` ~gfgxjlle plea lfle dìlfwfle blx` è`%

^gealtwxle dle ~gohla`le twal{ fg~ldl flxplqle dìlf{lelfle {llt

letx`le ~la` ~wfwi >3%>> {lo~l` >3%;> Q@TL% Letx`le ~la` d` ~ò~è migb

oledmx @% ^gealtwxle dle ~gohla`le twal{ h`l{lepl dìlfwfle migb ol{èa/

ol{èa oledmx% ^ldl {llt letx`le ~la` oledmx {gfliàw{ ogealh{ge flxplqle%

flxplqle plea t`dlf ldl {llt d`lh{ge d` leaal~ oleaf`x% [gtgilb `tw flxplqle

blxw{ {lo~l` d` bleklfepl ol{èa/ol{èa ~ldl ~wfwi >1%>> Q@TL% Flxplqle

hgfgxjl {gilol 1 jlo owil` ~wfwi >1%>> > Q@TL {gt`l~ blxèpl fgkwli`

~ldl blx` Jwolt flxplqle hgfgxjl blepl 7 jlo pl`tw ~ldl ~wfwi >1%>> >

Q@TL%


19/69

^GILF[LELLE OLALEA

L{~gf Tgfe`{

^goh`h`tle

^goh`h`tle ^T [ljlea Bgwilea "^T [BG) d`fgimil migb fghwe FF^L ;%

^goh`h`tle ^T [BG hgximfl{` d` D`s`{` S@ Fghwe Ow{t`fl% ^goh`h`tle è`

ogoì`f` iwl{ ;7 bl dgeale iwl{ lxgli wetwf~xg ewx{gxp ldlilb >%17 bl% H`h`t

plea ldl d` ~goh`h`tle ldlilb slx`gtl{ Awtbx`g% Fga`ltle plea dìlfwfle {gilol

d` ~goh`h`tle letlxl ilè ~goèdlble h`h`t dlx` ~xg ewx{gxp fg olè ewx{gxp

~gow~wfle ~gep`xlole {gxtl ~geagedli`le blol dle ~geplf`t

^gelelole H`h`t d` Olè Ewx{gxp% ^gelelole ltlw ~goèdlble h`h`tdlx` ~xg ewx{gxp fg olè ewx{gxp "txle{~iletèa) dìlfwfle {llt h`h`t hgxwowx ;

hwile ltlw h`h`t tgilb ogoì`f` 4/7 bgil` dlwe% Tltl klxl ~gilf{lelle txle{~iletèa

ldlilb ~gxtlol tlelb dòl{wffle fg dlilo ilxag hla {ghleplf 8> fa ltlw

bèaal {gtèaa` < ko dlx` h`h`x ilxag hla% Wfwxle ilxag hla plea dàwelfle

ldlilb 4> r 7> ko dgeale tghli >%8 oo% Tlelb plea dàwelfle ldlilb tlelb tm~

{mì dgeale tgf{twx igo~wea hgxi`lt plea t`dlf hgxhltw dle hgxfgx`fì% [gtgilb

ilxag hla d``{` dgeale tlelb tlelb dìwhlea` dgeale ~`~l plea d`logtgxepl {lol

dgeale d`logtgx hlhp hla% Tlelb dìwhlea` tg~lt ~ldl hla`le tgealb ilxag hla

dle {gtgilb tlelb dìwhlea` h`h`t d`fgiwlxfle dlx` hlhp hla iliw dòl{wffle fg

dlilo iwhlea% Iliw tlelb d` {gfgiìèa h`h`t d` ~ldltfle% [gtgilb {gig{l` ilxag hla

d`hgx` emomx {g{wl` xgfmogedl{` Dg~lxtgoget X`{gt Oèlol{ dle hìl ilxag hlatgilb {gig{l` d`hgx` emomx ilxag hla dìgtlffle d` dlilo hgdgeale%

^gow~wfle% ^gow~wfle plea dìlfwfle d` ~goh`h`tle ldlilb

f M b f ` f f


20/69

o-xmi% D` lxgli ~goh`h`tle tgxdl~lt 4 {gilea wetwf ogep`xlo 3>>> h`h`t% [gilea

è` tgxbwhwea dgeale ~`~l tgxoèli dle ~`~l tgxoèli è` tgxbwhwea dgeale ~`~l

iltgxli dgeale d`logtgx ~`~l ldlilb 4 èkb` plea tgxigtlf d` iwlx lxgli olè

ewx{gxp% ^`~l iltgxli è` ogeali`xfle l`x plea hgxl{li dlx` tleaf` l`x% ^goh`h`tle

ogoì`f` 0 tleaf` l`x wfwxle hg{lx plea dìgtlffle d` ltl{ ogelxl dle ~gea`{`le

tleaf` dìlfwfle dgeale ogeaawelfle l`x plea hgxl{li dlx` qldwf% ^xg{tl{`

~gfgxjl wetwf fga`ltle è` ldlilb > h`h`t-bf dle ~xg{tl{` ~gewi`{ ldlilb 274

h`h`t%

^geagedli`le Blol dle ^geplf`t Tlelole "B^T)% Blol dle

~geplf`t plea hleplf tgxdl~lt d` lxgli ~goh`h`tle FF^L ; ^T [BG ldlilb blol

L~mame`l {~ dle Tbm{gl l{àel {gxtl ~geplf`tLetxlfem{l dle hgxklfKwxswilx`l%

Wetwf ogeagedli`fle blol dle ~geplf`t tgx{ghwt ~`blf ~goh`h`tle

ogeaawelfle D`tbleg O 47 wetwf ogeagedli`fle ~geplf`t dle Dgk`{ 8%7 GK

wetwf ogeagedli`fle blol%

^geagedli`le B^T è` dìlfwfle 7 fli` {goèaaw dgeale fme{getxl{` plea


21/69

i`tgx% Ilxwtle fgowd`le d`ldwf {gtgilb `tw ilxwtle

dòl{wffle fgdlilo fel~{lkf dle ~gfgxjl ogowil` fga`ltle ~gepgo~xmtle%

^gfgxjl ogepgo~xmt h`h`t dòwil` dlx` wjwea hgdgeale bèaal hlble blh`{ dle

hlble d`{go~xmtfle ogxltl fg{giwxwb hla`le dlwe% Wetwf fga`ltle è` ~gewi`{

blepl ogohletw ~gfgxjl {ljl% ^gewi`{ ogepgo~xmt h`h`t {ghleplf 17> h`h`t

{gogetlxl {tledlxd ~xg{tl{` flxplqle ldlilb 3>>> h`h`t%

^gelelole Fgil~l [lq`t

Fga`ltle ~gelelole è` ~gewi`{ ilfwfle hgx{lol/{lol dgeale {`{ql

[OF Egagx` < [g` Imhle plea {gdlea ~xlftgf il~lea d` D`s`{` @S Fghwe

Ow{t`fl dle ~gelelole dìlfwfle ~ldl lxgli {giwl{ < bl% Tlbl~le fga`ltle

plea dìlfwfle ldlilb ogoleklea ogohwlt iwhlea tlelo dle ogelelo%

^golekleale% Twjwle ololeklea ldlilb ogohgx`fle tledl/tledl wetwf

~gohwltle iwhlea tlelo {g{wl` ~m~wil{` plea d`kleleafle {gxtl {ghlal`

~gdmole wetwf ogohwlt {lxlel "jlile) ~lx`t tgxl{ fmetwx dle ogelelo

flkleale% Jlxlf tlelo plea dàwelfle dlilo fga`ltle è` ldlilb 0 o r 0 o r 0

o% Tlbl~le ~golekleale plea dìlfwfle ldlilb {ghlal` hgx`fwt :

^gxtlol fli` plea dìlfwfle ldlilb ogegetwfle {ltw t`t`f wtlol% T`t`f

tgx{ghwt blxw{ {gjljlx wtlxl/{giltle/hlxlt/tòwx epl dgeale ~mfmf ~ldl himf plea

tgilb d`tlelo% [gtgilb t`t`fepl d`dl~lt ~ldl t`t`f tgx{ghwt d`tlekl~fle lj`x wtlol

iliw d`hwlt {ga`tàl {`fw/{`fw% [gtgilb `tw dlx` lj`x wtlol d`hgetleafle tli`

{g~lejlea > o fg dg~le dle fg {lo~èa iliw ~ldl t`t`f tgx{ghwt d`hwlt {`fw/

{`fw% [gtgilb {gig{l` dle dl~lt 4 t`t`f wtlol d`hgetleafle tli` plea tgilb d`hgx`

tledl {glxlb kmiigkt`me xmld "T/H) iliw d`tlekl~fle lj`x {gjljlx tli` ~ldl tgo~lt

plea tgilb d`hgx` tledl% [gilejwtepl tli` d`hgetleafle {glxlb olè xmld "W/[)

~ldl tli` tgx{ghwt d`hgx` 8 tledl dgeale xlc`l "qlxel ogxlb dle h`xw) [gilejwtepl


22/69

8>

h`xw dle {gtgxw{epl bèaal {gowl lxgli tgilb d`tlekl~fle lj`x% Emxol wetwf

~gfgxjlle è` ldlilb >%2 < bl-bf

^gohwltle Iwhlea Tlelo% Twjwle ogohwlt iwhlea tlelo ldlilb

ogohgx`fle ogd`l twohwb plea hl`f hla` lflx tlelole ~ldl {llt lqli

~gelelole dle ogo~gxowdlb ~gxg{l~le ~w~wf fgdlilo tlelb {gbèaal

ogo~gxkg~lt tlelole ogealh{mxh{` ~w~wf% Iwhlea tlelo plea ~gewi`{ hwlt

ldlilb iwhlea tlelo hgxwfwxle 7> ko r 7> ko r 4> ko dle iwhlea è` d`hwlt tàl

blx` {ghgiwo tlelo%

Tgfe`{ ~gohwltle iwhlea tlelo ldlilb {ghlal` hgx`fwt% ^gxtlol ~ldl

~gxowflle tlelb plea lfle dìwhlea dàlohlx ~mil iwhlea iliw ~leklea ltlw lj`x

d`leaflt% [gilejwtepl tlelb dàli` dgeale ogeaawelfle kleafwi dle tlelb bl{ì

ali`le d`~`{lbfle letlxl tm~ {mì dle {wh {mì% Tm~ {mì dìgtlffle d` {ghgilb

{giltle iwhlea dle {wh {mì dìgtlffle d` {ghgilb wtlxl iwhlea% [gtgilb iwhlea

tlelo {gig{l` d`hwlt ~leklea d`fgohli`fle fg ~m{`{` {gowil%

^gelelole% Tlbl~le/tlbl~le ogelelo fgil~l {lq`t plea dìlfwfle

ldlilb ~gxtlol ~leklea d`klhwt dlx` iwhlea tlelo iliw d`hgx` ~w~wfXmkf

^bm{~ltg {ghleplf 7>> a% [gtgilb d`hgx` ~w~wf X^ {gilejwtepl dòl{wffle

{gd`f`t tlelb tm~ {mì dle tlelb d`xltlfle% Iliw hla`le hlqlb ~miphla d`hwfl

dgeale ogeaawelfle ~lxlea dle hla`le ~èaa`x~miphla d`hwfl {ghla`le%

Tlbl~ {gilejwtepl iwhlea d``{` dgeale tm~ {mì bèaal {gtèaa` 87 ko

{gtgilb `tw h`h`t dòl{wffle fg dlilo iwhlea dle ~miphla d`hwfl {giwxwbepl%

[gtgilb `tw hla`le wohwt {lq`t d` hweafw{ dgeale ~il{t`f ~miphla% Bli è`

dìlfwfle {ghlal` ~gekgalble dlx` {gxleale t`fw{% Iliw iwhlea d` tòhwe dgeale

tlelb bèaal tgx`{` {gtgealb iwhlea iliw tlelb d`~`jlf fwlt/fwlt lalx tlelb

ogeagxl{% [gtgilb `tw iwhlea d`tòhwe ila` dgeale tm~ {mì plea d`lohì dlx`

{gfgiìèa iwhlea [llt iwhlea d`tòhwe dgeale tlelb {gfliàw{ ogohwlt


23/69

8> fa-bf% T`dlf ldl ~xg{tl{` ~gewi`{ dlilo fga`ltle

è` flxgel fga`ltle tlhwx ~w~wf hgx{`clt ogeagjlx tlxagt% ^gewi`{ blepl ogea`fwt`

jlileepl fga`ltle ~gow~wfle dle t`dlf ogilfwfle flxgel d`fblqlt`xfle lfle

ogeaaleaaw fègxjl tò ~w~wf%

L~i`fl{` Jlejleale Fm{mea% Jlejleale fm{mea "JJF) ldlilb iòhlb ltlw

{lo~lb dlx` tledle hwlb fgil~l {lq`t plea tgilb d`milb d` ~lhx`f fgil~l {lq`t%


27/69

87

Tltl klxl ~geal~i`fl{`le JJF ~gxtlol JJF dìlea{`x fg ~mfmf dgeale

ogeaawelfle leafmea% [gt`l~ ~mfmf ogedl~lt JJF {gf`tlx 8>> fa% [gt`hlepl JJF

d` ~mfmf JJF d`{w{we d`letlxl 8 ~mfmf dlilo hlx`{ dgeale ogeaawelfle alekw%

JJF d`{w{we hgxhgetwf ~gx{ga` dgeale wfwxle 8 o r 8 o dle JJF blepl d`{w{we

{ltw il~`{% Twjwle JJF blepl d`{w{we {ltw il~`{ ldlilb wetwf ogeabèdlx`

~gxfgohleah`lfle blol Mxpktg{ xbpemkgxm{ plea ogepwfl` two~wfle hlble

mxale`f plea igohlh% Fga`ltle l~i`fl{` JJF è` dìlfwfle {gklxl tò% [llt

fga`ltle hgxilea{wea l~i`fl{` JJF dìlfwfle migb > o-bf dle ~xg{tl{` ~gewi`{ ldlilb 8>> o-bf%

Hmeaflx Tlelole ^geaaleaaw "HT^)% Fgoledmxle hmeaflx tlelole

~geaaleaw "HT^) Fghwe Ow{t`fl igh`b d`fbw{w{fle wetwf ogeagedli`fle

tlelole hgxflpw dle fgetm{le "alqleale olewli) {gxtl ogelelo Twxegxl

{whwiltl% Fgetm{le ldlilb tlelole {lq`t plea twohwb dlx` hgxmedmile/

hgxmedmile plea t`dlf tgxfwt`~ ~ldl ~w{èale plea iliw dle ogohw{wf Lilt plea


28/69

83

qlftw fgxjl wetwf hgx`{t`xlblt dle tlelole hgxflpw plea {gblxw{epl d`dmeafgi

t`dlf d`dmeafgi tgtl~` d`tghl{% ^xg{tl{` fgxjl flxplqle {llt ogea`fwt` fga`ltle è`

ldlilb 4 xèt`{ ltlw jliwx dle ~xg{tl{` ~gewi`{ {lol dgeale flxplqle%

^geagedli`le Awiol% ^geagedli`le awiol ~ldl lxgli TO ldlilb

~geagedli`le awiol {gklxl fò`lq`% ^geagedli`le awiol {gklxl fò`lq`

dìlfwfle migb dwl tò pl`tw tò himkf {~xlpèa {p{tgo "H[[) dle tglo o`kxme

bgxhp {~xlp "OB[)%

l%Himkf {~xlpèa {p{tgo "H[[)Tò {go~xmt H[[ igh`b d`fbw{w{fle wetwf ~gogi`blxlle alqleale%

Twjwle ~geagedli`le awiol d` alqleale letlxl ilè wetwf ogeawxlea` fmo~gt`{`

blxl l`x dle {èlx oltlblx` ogo~gxowdlb fmetxmi ~gfgxjlle dlx` {ltw alqleale

fg alqleale ilè {gxtl ogegfle ~m~wil{` blol% Bgxh`{`dl plea dàwelfle dlilo

fga`ltle è` ldlilb Axlomrmeg dle Liip dgeale dm{`{ wetwf Axlomrmeg 887

oi-bl dleLiip


29/69

81

^geaawelleGlaig dle [tlxleg d`klo~wx jld` {ltw ~ldl gohgx ~gealdwf

dgeale ~gxhledèaleGlaig : [tlxleg ldlilb 4 : %8 i-bl dle >%>7 i-bl dgeale ~geaawelle hlble ~gx i`tgx l`x

pl`twGlaig ;> kk-i l`x dle [tlxleg 1%7 kk-i l`x%

Awiol plea d`fgedli`fle ldlilb {gowl jge`{ awiol plea ldl d` ~`xèale

dle ~l{lx xèt`{% Emxol fghwe wetwf ~gfgxjlle è` ldlilb 4 7 bl-bf dle ~xg{tl{`

~gfgxjl {llt fga`ltle hgxilea{wea ldlilb 4%2 bl-bf

k% ^geagedli`le lilea/lilea[gilè ~gogi`blxlle alqleale dle ~`xèale tò {go~xmt H[[ dle OB[

jwal ogilfwfle ~geagedli`le lilea/lilea% Twjwle ~geagedli`le lilea/lilea

ldlilb wetwf ogeabget`fle ~gxfgohleah`lfleepl% Fwek` {wf{g{ ~geagedli`le

lilea/lilea ldlilb xmtl{` plea fme{`{tge {gaogetl{` lxgli "~x`mx`tl{ ~geagedli`le

dòwil` dlx` fmed`{` ililea ~lièa xèale ogewjw fmed`{` ~lièa hgxlt) fgtg~ltle

jge`{ bgxh`{`dl dle dm{`{ l~i`fl{` {gxtl ~gepgo~xmtle dìlfwfle ~ldl ol{l

~gxtwohwble sgagtlt`c lft`c%

^geagedli`le lilea lilea d`fghwe ow{t`fl dìlfwfle dgeale klxl q`~èa

dle {~mt {~xlpèa% Fga`ltle ~geagedli`le lilea/lilea plea d` `fwt` ~gewi`{ ldlilb

~geagedli`le dgeale klxl {~mt {~xlpèa flxgel lilealilea plea d`fgedli`fle

~gepghlxleepl xgilt`c hleplf dle tgx~geklx/~geklx% Bgxh`{`dl plea dàwelfle

ldlilb Glaig @^L 42> L[% ^geaawelle hlble ~gx fel~{lkfldlilb 2> kk hlble

dle d`klo~wx dgeale 1 i`tgx l`x {gbèaal fme{getxl{` {go~xmt plea dàwelfle

ldlilb


30/69

82

l% ^gx{`l~le ~lege^gx{`l~le ~lege ldlilb fga`ltle ~xl ~lege plea lfle ogewejlea

fghgxbl{ìle ~lege% ^gx{`l~le ~lege d` fghwe Ow{t`fl ogi`~wt` ~gohwltle T^B

~gohwflle ~`xèale dle ~l{lx xèt`{ ~geagxl{le jlile {gxtl ~gol{leale t`t`

~lege wetwf lxgli THO {gogetlxl wetwf lxgli TO fga`ltle plea dìlfwfle

ldlilb ~gxhl`fle jlile dle t`t` ~lege%

h%Fx`tgx`l oltlea ~lege^gegetwle fx`tgx`l oltlea ~lege {lealt ~getèa wetwf dìlfwfle lalx

tgelal fgxjl ~lege ogomtmea tledle hwlb plea hgelx% Fx`tgx`l oltlea ~lege

Fghwe Ow{t`fl pl`tw l~lhìl tgxdl~lt 7 hgxmedmile d` ~`xèale olfl hwlb tgilb

ilplf wetwf d`~lege% Tledle d`fltlfle ol{lf l~lhìl tgxdl~lt 5 hgxmedmile d`

~`xèale {llt hwlb tgilb d`twxwefle% Hgxmedmile blepl 2 >2


31/69

80

eme DMI "d`s`{`me mc ilhmwx) HB[ hp DMI 8 dle HB[ hp DMI ;% ^gxhgdlle

fgtàl {`{tgo HB[ è` pl`tw dlilo HB[ eme DMI fga`ltle ~lege plea ogi`~wt`

~mtmea hwlb fwt`~ hgxmedmile dle leafwt jlejlea dle hgxmedmile fg T^B

dìlfwfle migb {ltw mxlea ltlw {ltw bleklf ~lege d`{gig{l`fle migb {ltw mxlea

tgelal fgxjl ~lege%

HB[ hp DMI 8 ogxw~lfle fga`ltle ~lege dòlel {ltw bleklf ~lege

d`{gig{l`fle migb dwl mxlea tgelal fgxjl pl`tw ~gomtmea hwlb "kwttgx) dle

~geawt`~ hgxmedmile "~`kfgx)% ^golege kwttgx hgxtleaawea jlqlh dlilo bli

fga`ltle ~mtmea hwlb dle ogealeafwt TH[ fg T^B dle ~golege ~`kfgx

hgxtleaawea jlqlh wetwf ogealohì {giwxwb hgxmedmile% [gogetlxl HB[ hp

DMI ; ogxw~lfle fga`ltle ~golegele dòlel {ltw bleklf ~lege d`{gig{l`fle

migb tàl mxlea tgelal fgxjl plea tgxd`x` ltl{ kwttgx ~`kfgx dle klxx`gx

"~gealeafwt jlejlea ~lege fg T^B) dle {`{tgo HB[ plea d` tgxl~fle d` Fghwe

Ow{t`fl ldlilb HB[ hp DMI 8%

Tlhgi 7% Bl{ì ^gealoltle ^gx{getl{g Dgxljlt Fgoltleale Hwlb

Tledle Hwlb [lo~gi ^gx{getl{g "')

Fgoledmxle Tmtli Ogetlb FwxleaOltlea

Oltlea Hw{wf Ogetlb Fwxlea

Oltlea

Oltlea Hw{wf

< ;3< 3 7 ;47 7 >2

d%Xmtl{` dle [gf{` ~legeXmtl{` ~lege ldlilb {gilea qlftw ~lege "blx`) plea dìlfwfle ~ldl {ltw

leklf ~lege% Xmtl{` ~lege ltlw ètgxsli ~lege ogxw~lfle clftmx ~gohltl{ dlilo

ogegetwfle ~xmdwf{` TH[ fwli`tl{-owtw hwlb owtw txle{~mxt ~geamilble TH[

d` ^F[ {gxtl h`lpl gf{~im`tl{`% Xmtl{` ~lege fghwe ow{t`fl ldlilb 3-1 lxtèpl

dlilo < oèaaw tgxdl~lt 3 blx` ~lege {gbèaal dlilo < d`s`{` tgxdl~lt 3 {gf{`

~lege%


32/69

;>

[gf{` ~lege d`{w{we {gdgo`f`le {gbèaal {ltw {gf{` d`~lege dlilo {ltw

blx` ogo~gxowdlb ~èdlb bleklf dlx` {ltw himf fg himf ilè ogo~gxowdlb

fmetxmi {w~gxs`{` txle{~mxt hwlb igh`b gc`{`ge {gxtl mwt ~wt ~golege igh`b tèaa`%

^gegtl~le {gf{` ~lege blxw{ ogo~gxtòhleafle xmtl{` ~lege- tlbwe dle

wowx ~w{èale emxoli plea d`fgbgedlf` iwl{ lxgli TO we`t fghwe dle d`s`{`

fmed`{` tm~maxlc` iwl{ himf ~mtge{` tme-bl himf ~m{`{` himf tgxbldl~ himf ilè

jwoilb dle {ghlxle ~mfmf ~xmdwft`c dle jlo fgxjl dlilo < oèaaw {g{wl`

fgtgetwle ~gogxètlb%

g% Leafl fgxl~ltle ~lege dle tlf{l{` blx`leLF^ d`tgetwfle dgeale ogeab`twea jwoilb tledle hwlb plea lfle

d`~lege fgg{mfle blxèpl% LF^ d`b`twea dgeale ogeaawelfle ~mbme {lo~gi%

[lo~gi plea d`lohì {ghleplf ' dlx` tmtli ~m~wil{` ~ldl himf plea lfle d`

~lege% LF^ dl~lt d`b`twea dgeale ogeaawelfle xwow{ :

LF^ ? Jwoilb tledle oltlea r > '

Jwoilb ~mbme {lo~gi

LF^ dàwelfle wetwf ogeab`twea tlf{l{` blx`le ~lege% Tlf{l{` ldlilb

~gxf`xlle ltlw xlolile ~xmdwf{` fghwe% Tlf{l{` dàwelfle wetwf ogo~gxf`xlfle

fghwtwble tgelal fgxjl ~lege dle fghwtwble txwf ~gealeafwt TH[% Tlf{l{`

dìlfwfle migb oledmx ~lege d` {gt`l~ fgoledmxle ~lege% Tlf{l{` ~lege dl~lt

d`b`twea dgeale ogeaawelfle xwow{ :

Tlf{l{` ? LF^ r ~m~wil{` himf r hgxlt jlejlea xltl/xltl "HJX) t`l~ himf%

dltl ~gealoltle LF^ dle tlf{l{` blx`le "{lo~gi d`s`{` @@) d`{lj`fle dlilo Tlhgi

3 dle Tlhgi 1%

Tlhgi 3% Bl{ì ^gealoltle Leafl Fgxl~ltle ^lege

^gewi`{ Oledmx

Himf ^mfmf

{lo~ig

Jlejlea

{lo~gi

LF^ "') LF^ "')

K 8; 82

K 87 ;81 31 8< 82


33/69

;1 4; 48 4 ;

@@ 378 0 88 8< 8 8

@@@ 04> >2

^geametxmile tgelal fgxjl ~lege ~gxiw dìlfwfle wetwf ogeagtlbw`

l~lflb bl{ì fgxjl ~golege hl`f {gklxl fwli`tl{ olw~we fwlet`tl{epl tgilb {g{wl`dgeale [tledlxd M~gxlt`meli ^xmkgdwxg "[M^) ~lege dle {tledlxd fgxjl fghwe

{gxtl lalx ~xmdwf{` plea d`~gxmigb {g{wl` dgeale plea d`blxl~fle% ^geametxmile

tgelal fgxjl ~lege dìlfwfle dgeale ogealolt` fwli`tl{ dle fwlet`tl{ fgxjl

~golege% Dltl ~gealoltle fwli`tl{ fgxjl ~golege kwttgx dle ~`kfgx Fghwe

Ow{t`fl d`{lj`fle dlilo Tlhgi 0 dle %

Tlhgi 0% Xgfl~`twil{` Bl{ì ^gealoltle Fwli`tl{ Kwttgx

Fgoledmxle Tmtli

Jlejlea

^lege

Oltlea

T`dlf ^lege

^gig~lb

[geafigb

Msgx

^xweeèa

< 8 >;2 0 12 84


35/69

;;

^gealoltle fwli`tl{ fgxjl ~lege plea dìlfwfle ogi`~wt` ~gealoltle

~gig~lb {geafigb ~gx{getl{g hwlb oltlea t`dlf d`~lege dle msgx ~xweèa wetwf

~golege kwttgx% ^gealoltle ~golege ~`kfgx dìlfwfle hgxdl{lxfle hgxmedmile

tèaali hl`f hgxmedmile tèaali d` ~`xèale ~l{lx xèt`{ ~mfmf dle alqleale

olt`%

Tlhgi % Xgfl~`twil{` Bl{ì ^gealoltle Fwli`tl{ ^`kfgx

Hgxmedmile Tèaali ' Tèaali TmtliJlejlea

~lege

{lo~ig

^mfmf

~lege

{lo~gi^`xèale ^mbme ^l{lx

Xèt`{

Alqleale

Olt`

Tmtli ^gx

Jlejlea

^gx

^mbme

;20 ;41 402 832 0 ;72 ;07 82< 2< ;2 107

Tmtli xltl/xltl 441 817 01 3> 212 8%8> 8%407

[wohgx : Bl{ì ^gealoltle 8>>2

^lejlea Alalea TH[ ogxw~lfle {lilb {ltw ~lxlogtgx ~gealoltle

fwli`tl{ fgxjl ~golege kwttgx plea ~gewi`{ lolt` "Tlhgi


36/69

;4

Dg~lxtgoget \L Oèlol{ îletlt`me ogohwlt fx`tgx`l hltl{le alalea

pl`tw ~lejlea alalea t`dlf hmigb igh`b dlx` 7 ko ltlw ogomtmea alalea {gog~gt

oweafè dgeale ~leafli tledle% TH[ hgxalalea ~lejlea blxw{ d` ~mtmea

hgxhgetwf bwxwc S ltlw d`flileale ~golege ~m~wigx d`fgeli `{tìlb kleafgo

Fmdmf%

Fwlet`tl{ fgxjl ~golege Ow{t`fl dèìl` hgxdl{lxfle ~gx{getl{g {`l~

hmxmea "Tlhgi < 822 >2


37/69

;7

ogeèafltfle ~xmdwft`s`tl{ fgedlxlle ogejlal lalx l{lo igolf hghl{ "LIH)

~xmdwf{` blx`le 8/; ' fl~l{`tl{ dle fgileklxle ~geamilble d` ~lhx`f fglolele

TH[ d` il~lea {gxtl km{t "X~-fa TH[) txle{~mxt plea oèòli% Gc`{`ge{`

~gealeafwtle TH[ lfle tgxkl~l` l~lhìl we`t leafwtle ogowlt TH[ {gklxl

olf{òli dgeale qlftw {ggc`{`ge oweafè% Dltl ~gealoltle owltle dle qlftw

owlt Ow{t`fl g{tltg d` {lj`fle dlilo Tlhgi 2

^lxlogtgx [ltwle Jlewlx` Cghwlx` Olxgt L~xì Og` Xltl/xltlbl ^lege

lftwli

bl 3 ;42%>>> 2 200%>>> 3 > 0 >> 3 133%>>> 1 41>

^xmdwft`s`tl{

^lege

tme-bf >2

Fga`ltle ~gealeafwtle blxw{ tgxmxale`{l{` dgeale hl`f lalx dl~lt

hgxjlile dgeale ileklx% fgedlxlle leafwt hwlb Fghwe Ow{t`fl d`fgimil migb

txlf{` fghwe% ^gealtwxle we`t wetwf t`l~ d`s`{` Fghwe Ow{t`fl dìlfwfle migb

{gmxlea {ge`mx l{`{tge plea d`hletw migb fgxle` txle{~mxt txlf{`% [gt`hlepl

fgedlxlle d` d`s`{` ~gealtwxle we`t dìlfwfle migb fgxle` txle{~mxt d`s`{`% [gklxl

alx`{ hg{lx ~gilf{lelle fga`ltle ~gealeafwtle ldlilb {ghlal` hgx`fwt :

Alohlx 0% ^gealeafwtle TH[ fg ^F[


38/69

;3

~gealeafwtle dìlfwfle dgeale klxl ogedltlea` T^B/T^B dòwil` dlx` wjwea

himf bèaal {gowl T^B {gig{l` dòwlt%

Tlhgi ; jlo 8 jlo oet 8 ^la`

^[ > 8 jlo >8 1 33> 8 jlo oet < jlo ;> oet 4 [`lea

^[ 807 3>> 7 2>> 8 jlo oet < jlo 8 jlo 8; oet < jlo ;7 oet 8 ^la`

Txlftmx Cmxd 748 < 044 2 18> 4 jlo >7 oet 8 jlo >2

L~lhìl txwf tgilb ~gewb dle ol{`b ldl T^B plea hgiwo tgxowlt olfl

we`t leafwtle {gilejwtepl lfle ol{wf fg himf tgx{ghwt dle ogowlt T^B/T^B

plea hgiwo tgxowlt% T^B plea dòwlt ldlilb T^B plea TH[ dle hgxmedmileepl

tgilb tgx{w{we xl~` d`kgf dle d`kltlt migb fgxle` ~lege% TH[ dle hgxmedmile

tgx{ghwt fgowd`le dòwlt fg dlilo txwf migb fgegf dgeale ogeaawelfle tmjmf

hg{` dle alekw {gxtl flxwea wetwf ogowlt hgxmedmile fg ltl{ txwf% [gtgilb

{gig{l` txwf fgohli` fg fletmx D`s`{` wetwf ogealohì {wxlt ~gealetlx hwlb

"[^H)% [gtgilb {gig{l` ogealetlx hwlb fg ^F[ txwf fgohli` ila` fg fletmx D`s`{`

wetwf ogepgxlbfle {wxlt bl{ì tòhlea dle ogilfwfle fga`ltle owlt fgohli`

l~lhìl hwlb ol{`b hleplf d` il~leale%

Tlhgi


39/69

;1

Fghwtwble fgedlxlle leafwt hwlb blxw{ d`~gxb`tweafle dgeale hl`f dle

hgelx lalx {giwxwb bl{`i ~lege dl~lt tgxleafwt fg ^F[% Fghwtwble fgedlxlle

Fghwe Ow{t`fl dl~lt d`b`twea dgeale ogeaawelfle xwow{ {ghlal` hgx`fwt :

Jwoilb fgedlxlle ? " ~xmdwf{ blx` `e` r qlftw ~gx tx`~ ) : qlftw owlt


40/69

;2

`% Ldoè`{txl{` ~legeLdoè`{txl{` ~lege qlj`h dìlfwfle {gklxl w~ tm dltg dle lfwxlt dgeale

twjwle tgx{ljèpl dltl bl{ì fgxjl ~ldl blx` tgx{ghwt {ghlal` {lilb {ltw lilt hletw

dlilo ~xm{g{ {w~gxs`{` {ghlal` {lilb {ltw dltl ~gedwfwea dlilo ~gohwltle

dlctlx ~gohlplxle flxplqle "w~lb dle ~xgo`) {gxtl {ghlal` lilt wfwx tèaflt

gc`{`ge{` dle gcgft`c`tl{ ~geagimille mxale`{l{` ~lege%

Ldoè`{txl{` ~lege dìlfwfle migb oledmx ~lege oledmx


41/69

;0

^xgo` d`hgx`fle fg~ldl ~golege plea ogo~gxmigb TH[ ogigh`b` hl{`{

hmxmea% L~lhìl ogekl~l` hl{`{ hmxmea ~golege ogedl~lt ~xgo` {`l~ hmxmea

plea jwoilbepl hgxhgdl hgxaletwea hl{`{ hmxmea plea d`dl~lt% Hìl ogekl~l` ^>

ogedl~lt X~% 8>>> ^< ogedl~lt X~% 3>>> dle hìl ogekl~l` ^8 ogedl~lt X~%

>% L~lhìl ~golege kwttgx ogekl~l` hl{`{ igh`b hmxmea {gklxl mtmolt`{

~golege kwttgxlfle ogedl~lt ~xgo` {`l~ hmxmea {ghg{lx X~% > dle ~xgo`

igh`b hmxmea% Wetwf ~xgo` igh`b hmxmea jwoilb jlejlea igh`bepl d`b`twea

hmxmeale dgeale blxal ~gx jlejleaepl hgxhgdl hgxaletwea tlbwe tlelo%

Fgtgetwle hl{`{ dle ~xgo` Fghwe Ow{t`fl d`{lj`fle ~ldl Tlhgi


42/69

4>

Tlhgi >2

Hl{`{ Hmxmea hp DMI ^xgo` Hl{`{Tlbwetlelo ^> ?

7-1 > blx`%h`l{l

^< ?

7-1 < blx`%h`l{l

^8 ?

7-1 ^8 blx` h`l{l^> ^< ^8

^xgo` igh`bHmxmea "X~-fa)

8 > 4 >>> 3 7>> ;>>

4 >>> 3 7>> 817

>> 3 7>> 87>

4 >>> 3 7>> 887

4 >>> 3 7>> 8>>

8>>< 8 >>> 4 >>> 3 7>> 8>>

[wohgx : Fletmx Hg{lx Fghwe Ow{t`fl 8>>2

f%[w~gxs`{` dle dgedlFga`ltle {w~gxs`{` ogi`~wt` ~gogx`f{lle owtw bleklf dle owtw hwlb%

Fga`ltle è` dìlf{lelfle migb oledmx ~lege oledmx > ~mfmf% [gogetlxl wetwf ~geagkgfle owtw hwlb ~geagkgfle

dìlfwfle ~ldl T^B dlx` ; mxlea ~golege ~ldl ; himf plea hgxhgdl%

^gegxl~le {`{tgo dgedl dìlfwfle l~lhìl ~gilf{lelle ~lege t`dlf {g{wl` dgeale

{tledlxd m~gxlt`meli ~xmkgdwxg "[M^) ~lege plea {wdlb d`tgtl~fle migb ~`blf

fghwe% [lef{` dle dgedl d`fgelfle tgxbldl~ {w~gxs`{` dle flxplqle% [lef{` dle

dgedl plea d`fgelfle tgxbldl~ {w~gxs`{` dlilo hgetwf ~xgo` ~ldl blx` tgx{ghwtt`dlf d`hlplx% Wetwf flxplqle dgedl d`fgelfle dlilo hgetwf ~gomtmeale ~xgo`%

Wetwf {gt`l~ fg{lilble plea dìlfwfle ~golege d`dgedl {ghleplf X~% 7>>>%

^geamilble Fgil~l [lq`t

^lhx`f fgil~l {lq`t "^F[) ldlilb tgo~lt wetwf ogeamilb TH[ fgil~l

{lq`t ogejld` oèplf fgil~l {lq`t kxwdg ~lio mì "K^M)% ^ldl {llt ogejld`

flxplqle blx`le ig~l{ ~gewi`{ hgxfg{go~ltle wetwf hgxfwejwea fg ^F[

Lea{lel% Bl{ì milble fgil~l {lq`t d` ^F[ Lea{lel ldlilb K^M% ^geamilble

fgil~l {lq`t bèaal ogejld` K^M d` ^F[ Lea{lel blxw{ ogiliw` hghgxl~l

4


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4 i`tgx oèplf fl{lx "Alohlx 2)%

[gtgilb d` ~xg{{ lfle d`bl{ìfle oèplf fl{lx dle ewt c`hgx% Oèplf fl{lx

lfle ol{wf fg ~`~l ~gelo~weale oèplf fl{lx "kxwdg mì |wtgx) dle ewt c`hgx

tgx~`{lb ol{wf fg ~mi`{bèa dxwo dle {gilejwtepl d` ~`{lbfle ogejld` ewtdle

c`hgx% Oèplf fl{lx plea d`bl{ ifle {gilejwtepl ol{wf fgdlilo mì tlefwetwf

fgowd`le dòl{wffle fg dlilo kmetèmw{ {gtiièa tlef"K[T)

[tl{`we ^gowxe`le "Kilx`c`gx)

4;


45/69

4;

[gogetlxl `tw {iwdag bl{ì ~go`{lble d` tlo~wea d`dlilo {iwdag tlefdle

{gilejwtepl ol{wf fgdlilo hxw{txl`fgx% Iliw {iwdag d`tlo~wea d`dlilo hwccgx

tlef dle {iwdag kgetx`cwag% [gtgilb ~xm{g{ d`dlilo {iwdag kgetx`cwag {gig{l` lfle

d`bl{ìfle oèplf dle {iwdag% Oèplf plea d`bl{ìfle fgowd`le ol{wf fgdlilo

{iwdag xgkmsgxp dle {gilejwtepl d`tlo~wea dlilo K[T {gogetlxl {iwdag plea

d`bl{ìfle lfle d`hwlea fgcèli gcciwget%

Alohlx 2% Oèplf Fl{lx

[tl{`we ^go`{lble fgxegi dle kleaflea% Cwea{` {tl{`we ~go`{lble

fgxegi dle kleaflea ldlilb wetwf ogo`{lb ewt ogejld` fgxegi dle kleaflea%Ewt

ol{wf fgdlilo èkiègd ewt kmesgpmx% [gtgilb ogigqlt` èkiègd ewt kmesgpmx

ewt{gilejwtepl ol{wf fgdlilo ewt bm~~gxdle d`milb d`dlilo x`~~gd oìi% [llt

d`dlilo x`~~gd oìi ewt d` ~gklb ogejld` 8 pl`tw ogejld` fgxegi dle kleaflea%


46/69

L{~gf Oleljgx`li

[gilol 8 hwile tgxlfb`x ~gewi`{ ogilf{lelfle fga`ltle olalea d` fghwe

Ow{t`fl {ghlal` ~gedlo~èa oledmx dle ~gedlo~èa l{`{tge d`s`{`%

^gedlo~èa Oledmx "Ô)

Oledmx ldlilb flxplqle eme {tlcc plea hgxbwhweale ilea{wea dgeale

~gfgxjl dìl~lea% Oledmx hgxtwal{ ogealql{` ~gfgxjlle flxplqle ogohgx`fle

lxlble fg~ldl flxplqle ogohgx`fle omt`sl{` fg~ldl flxplqle {gxtl ogegawxflxplqle l~lhìl flxplqle ogilfwfle fg{lilble%

[gt`l~ {mxg {gt`l~ ~wilea dlx` il~lea oledmx blxw{ ogohwlt il~mxle

ogeagel` ~gfgxjlle plea tgilb dìlfwfle dle ogil~mx fg oledmx @ ogeagel`

~gfgxjlle plea lfle dìlfwfle g{mf blx` flxgel oledmx @ blxw{ ogohwlt

xgeklel fgxjl blx`le "XFB) ~ldl {mxg blx` dle ogepgxlbfleepl fg fletmx hg{lx

{ghgiwo ~wfwi > Q@TL% XFB blxw{ d`hwlt ~ldl {mxg blx` lalx fgg{mfle

~laèpl olelagx dl~lt ilea{wea ogilfwfle ~gogx`f{lle il~lea%

[gilol ogejld` Ô 8 oèaaw ~gxtlol ~gewi`{ hgxtwal{ d` hla`le

~xmdwf{` pl`tw {ghlal` oledmx ~lege 3 blx` dle fgxle` ~lege 3 blx`% 8 oèaaw

tgxlfb`x ~gewi`{ hgxtwal{ d`hla`le ~gxlqltle pl`tw {ghlal` oledmx OB[ 7 blx`

oledmx ~gxlqltle 7 blx` oledmx H[[ 7 blx`%

l% ^gedlo~èa Oledmx ^legeFga`ltle ~gewi`{ {ghlal` ~gedlo~èa oledmx ~lege dìlfwfle {gilol 3

blx`% ; blx` ~gxtlol ~gewi`{ hgxtwal{ ogejld` oledmx ~lege ogeaalet`fle

oledmx ~lege plea {gdlea kwt`% [gilol ogejld` oledmx ~gewi`{ ogealql{` 7 /

2 mxlea ~golege dle ogilfwfle kgf owtw bleklf {ghleplf ; / 4 bleklf {gt`l~

blxèpl%

h%^gedlo~èa Fgxle` ^legeFga`ltle ~gewi`{ {ghlal` fgxle` ~lege dìlfwfle {gilol 3 blx` [gilol

47


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47

fgxle` ogohwlt il~mxle ~mtmea hwlb "I^H) dle ogeab`twea jwoilb ~xgo` plea

d`dl~lt ~ldl blx` tgx{ghwt%

k% ^gedlo~èa Oledmx [go~xmtFga`ltle è` ~gewi`{ ilfwfle {gilol blx` pl`tw 7 blx` {ghlal` Ô

OB[ dle 7 blx` {ghlal` Ô H[[% [gilol ogejld` Ô {go~xmt ~gewi`{

ogohletw oledmx ogelflx hlble ltlw mhlt plea dàwelfle dle ogealql{`

jlileepl fga`ltle ~gepgo~xmtle

d%^gedlo~èa Oledmx ^gxlqltle

Fga`ltle è` dìlfwfle {gilol 7 blx` dle fga`ltle plea dìlfwfle ldlilb

ogohwfl ~`xèale d` lxgli THO {gklxl olewli% [gilol ogejld` Ô ~`xèale

olewli ~gewi`{ ogealql{` ~gfgxjlle flxplqle dle ogilfwfle ~gealoltle

ogeagel` qlftw plea d`hwtwbfle migb ~gfgxjl wetwf ogepgig{l`fle < ~`xèale%

Twjwle ~gealoltle è` ldlilb wetwf ogeab`twea hgxl~l jwoilb ~`xèale plea

olo~w d`hwfl migb flxplqle-bf%

^gedlo~èa L{`{tge D`s`{` "^LD)

L{`{tge d`s`{` ldlilb ~ò~èle fgxjl tèaflt d`s`{` plea ogohlqlb`

oledmx @ oledmx dle fgxle` d`s`{`% l{`{tge d`s`{` ogoì`f` twal{ dle tleaawea

jlqlh wetwf ogeagimil d`s`{èpl dlilo bli ogohgx`fle lxlble dle ~gxètlb

fg~ldl oledmx @ oledmx dle fgxle` ogilfwfle ~gealql{le dle ~gohèlletgxbldl~ flxplqle d` d`s`{èpl ogepw{we xgeklel fgxjl hwilele "XFH) {gxtl

ogogx`f{l dle ogeagsliwl{` il~mxle oledmx dlilo HFO dle il~mxle fgxle`

dlilo hwfw I^H%

Fga`ltle plea dìlfwfle ~gewi`{ {gilol jldqli ogejld` ^LD ldlilb

ogilfwfle ~gealql{le ~gfgxjlle dìl~lea hgiljlx ldoè`{txl{` fghwe dle hgiljlx

ogohla`fle alj` flxplqle% Alj` flxplqle blxw{ d`hla`fle ilea{wea migb l{`{tge

d`s`{` flxgel mx`getl{` mxlea hgfgxjl ldlilb wetwf ogedl~ltfle wlea {gbèaal

alj` blxw{ d`hla`fle ilea{wea migb l{`{tge lalx flxplqle ogoì`f` xl{l bmxolt

dle tlfwt fg~ldl l{`{tge


48/69


49/69

^GOHLBL[LE

^geagimille Tgelal Fgxjl ^lege

Tgelal fgxjl ~lege ldlilb tgelal fgxjl plea hgxtwal{ wetwf ogewxwefle

hwlb dlx` ~mfmf dle ogohlqlepl fg T^B% Tgelal fgxjl ~lege Fghwe Ow{t`fl

tgxd`x` ltl{ 8 tgelal fgxjl pl`tw ~gomtmea hwlb "kwttgx) dle ~geawt`~ hgxmedmile

"~`kfgx)% ^geagimille tgelal fgxjl ~lege ~getèa wetwf d` ilfwfle dlilo

ogejloè tgxilf{lelepl ~lege dgeale hl`f% ^geagimille tgelal fgxjl ~lege

ogi`~wt` ~gxgeklelle ~geamxale`{l{`le ~gilf{lelle dle ~geametxmile%

^gxgeklelle dle ^geamxale`{l{`le Tgelal Fgxjl ^lege

Jwoilb ~golege kwttgxFghwe Ow{t`fl {llt è` ldlilb 08 mxlea dgeale

~gxèk`le d`s`{` @ ogoì`f` 48 mxlea d`s`{` @@ ogoì`f` 8< mxlea dle d`s`{` @@@

ogoì`f` 80 mxlea% Hgxdl{lxfle ~gxb`tweale "Tlhgi 2) fghwtwble ~golege xltl/

xltl Fghwe Ow{t`fl ldlilb 01 mxlea dgeale ~gxèk`le d`s`{` @ ogohwtwbfle 4;

mxlea d`s`{` @@ ogohwtwbfle 88 mxlea dle d`s`{` @@@ ogohwtwbfle ;8 mxlea%

[gbèaal Fghwe Ow{t`fl ogealilo` fgfwxleale tgelal fgxjl ~lege kwttgx

{ghleplf 7 mxlea%

^golege Fghwe Ow{t`fl tgxhla` dlilo 2 fgoledmxle ~lege dgeale

xèk`le d`s`{` @ ogoì`f` ; fgoledmxle ~lege d`s`{` @@ ogoì`f` 8 fgoledmxle

~lege dle d`s`{` @@@ ogoì`f` ; fgoledmxle ~lege% T`l~ fgoledmxle ~lege

tgxd`x` ltl{ 8>/82 mxlea ~golege plea tgxd`x` ltl{ /


50/69

^geametxmile Tgelal Fgxjl ^lege

^geametxmile tgelal fgxjl ~lege ~gxiw dìlfwfle wetwf ogeagtlbw` l~lflb

bl{ì fgxjl ~golege hl`f {gklxl fwli`tl{ olw~we fwlet`tl{epl tgilb {g{wl` dgeale

{tledlxd m~gxlt`meli ~xmkgdwxg "[M^) ~lege dle {tledlxd fgxjl fghwe {gxtl lalx

~xmdwf{` plea d`~gxmigb {g{wl` dgeale plea d`blxl~fle%

l% Tgelal fgxjl ~lege ~gomtmea hwlb "Kwttgx)Fwli`tl{ dle fwlet`tl{ fgxjl ~golege kwttgx dl~lt d`fgtlbw` dgeale

ogi`blt owtw hwlb plea d`bl{ìfle ~lejlea alalea TH[ ldl t`dlfepl hwlboltlea plea t`dlf tgx~lege fmed`{` ~mfmf pl`tw ldl t`dlfepl ~gig~lb {geafigb

dle msgx ~xweeèa "~gig~lb 9 42 ~gig~lb) {gxtl ~xmdwft`s`tl{ ~golege "tme-bf

olw~we bl-bf)% Xltl/xltl hwlb oltlea tèaali ~gx ~golege Fghwe Ow{t`fl

ldlilb >%87 ' "{tledlxd fghwe > ') ~gig~lb {geafigb 1 ~gig~lb dle msgx

~xweeèa {ghg{lx ; ~mbme "Tlhgi 0)% Ogewxwt [wtlxtl gt li "8>>>) ~gig~lb blxw{

d`~gxtlblefle 42/73 ~gig~lb% Hìl jwoilb ~gig~lb fwxlea dlx` 42 olfl ~xmdwf{`

tmb-bl-tb epl lfle igh`b xgedlb%

^lejlea xltl/ xltl alalea TH[ Fghwe Ow{t`fl "{lo~gi d`s`{` @@) ldlilb

8%38 ko u 8%3 ko "Tlhgi Ilo~`xle '

40


51/69

{gxtl fmed`{` ~mfmf plea amedxmea "~gig~lb 5 73) {gb`eaal jlejlea ol{lf t`dlf

tgxi`blt flxgel tgxtwtw~ migb ~gig~lb% Hwlb ogetlb tgx~lege flxgel ~golege

ogeagjlx hl{`{%

^xmdwft`s`tl{ ~golege kwttgx Fghwe Ow{t`fl ldlilb ;8 bl-bf "Tlhgi >2 ldlilb 3> ' "Tlhgi


52/69

^geagimille ^gealeafwtle Tledle Hwlb [galx

^gxgeklelle Fghwtwble Fgedlxlle Leafwt Hwlb

^gxle leafwtle ~lege {lealt ~get`ea {gfli` lalx TH[ dl~lt {gagxl ol{wf

fg ^F[ ~ldl blx` ~lege% Ow{t`fl G{tltg ^T [BG ogo`i`f`


53/69

tgxagelea ltlw hgxiwo~wx)% Dltl ~gealoltle fwli`tl{ fgxjl fgegf d`{lj`fle ~ldl

Tlhgi fa ltlw %42 tme dle ^[ ldlilb 3 1;> fa ltlw 3%1;

tme "Tlhgi


54/69

Xg{tle fghwe Ow{t`fl ^gx`mdg Jlewlx`/Og` 8>>2 {ghg{lx 32 ' dlx` tmtli

~xmdwf{` fghwe pl`tw 3%1>2 ldlilb ;%20 ' "Tlhgi Ilo~`xle


55/69

FG[@O^WILE DLE [LXLE

Fg{ò~wile

Fghwe Ow{t`fl ogealilo` fgfwxleale 7 tgelal fgxjl ~lege kwttgx dle %87 ' ~gig~lb {geafigb 1 ~gig~lb dle msgx ~xweeèa {ghg{lx ; ~mfmf%^xmdwft`s`tl{ kwttgx Fghwe Ow{t`fl ldlilb ;8 bl-bf%

^xg{tl{` è` tgxamimea fwxlea hl`f flxgel {tledlxd ~lege fghwe Ow{t`fl ldlilb

2 ldlilb 3> '%

Owtw hwlb fghwe ow{t`fl tgxamimea fwxlea hl`f flxgel ldlepl hwlb

ogetlb {ghg{lx


56/69

DLCTLX ^W[TLFL

Dlxom{lxfmxm Q% O% I% Cldi` dle ^% ^wxhl% 8>>3% Flow{ @{tìlb Fgil~l [lq`t%

^w{lt ^gegi`t`le Fgil~l [lq`t @edmeg{`le Mì ^lio Xg{glxkb @e{t`twtg%

Ogdle% ; bli%

D`xgftmxlt Jgedgxli ^gxfghwele% 8>>1% Iwl{ Ilble dle ^xmdwf{` Fgil~l [lq`t

@edmeg{`l%btt~:--d`tjgehwe%dg~tle%am%`d-èdgr%~b~=m~t`me?kmo

kmetget#tl{f?s`gq#`d?>3% [gx` Hwfw [lfw 88 : ^lege ^ldl Tlelole Fgil~l [lq`t% ^w{lt

^gegi`t`le Fgil~l [lq`t Mì ^lio Xg{glxkb @e{t`twtg% Ogdle% 7< bli%

Amgeld` D%B% H% Dxljlt I% Gxeèa~xljl dle H% Bwtlhlxlt% 8>>7% ^xm{~gf dle

Lxlb ^geagohleale Lax`h`{e`{ Fgil~l [lq`t d` @edmeg{`l% Hlil`

^gegi`t`le dle ^geagohleale ^gxtle`le% Dg~lxtgoge ^gxtle`le%

Iwh`{ L%W% >>% Hwfw Il~leale : [gx` Tlelole Fgil~l [lq`t :

Tlelole Ogeabl{ìfle "tgxjgolble)% ^w{lt ^gegi`t`le Fgil~l [lq`t Mì^lio Xg{glxkb @e{t`twtg% Ogdle%


57/69

[wtlxtl G% [% ^% ^wxhl L% ^wxhl H% B% [`tleaalea dle E% B% Dlxile% 8>>7% [gx`

Hwfw [lfw >1% Ogi`x`f ~gxfgohleale fgil~l {lq`t @edmeg{`l%

btt~:--`edge`%mxa-`edgr8%~b~=m~t`me?kmo]kmetget#dm]~dc?1%


58/69

ILO^@XLE

71

lhgi Ilo~`xle < Jwxeli Blx`le Olalea {ghlal` Flxplqle Blx`le Ig~l{ "FBI)


59/69

lhgi Ilo~`xle >2 [wxsgp Ilble D`s`{` @S / / /8-8>>2 ^gepgo~xmtle D`s`{` @S ; fel~{lkf 7 fel~{lkf 7 fel~{lkf8-8>>2 ^gepgo~xmtle D`s`{` @S 8 fel~{lkf 7 fel~{lkf 7 fel~{lkf8-8>>2 [wxsgp Ilble D`s`{` @S8-8>>2 Leli`{`{ Dlwe D`s`{` @S 8 jlo-himf 8 jlo-himf8-8>>2 Leli`{`{ Dlwe D`s`{` @S 8 jlo-himf 8 jlo-himf8-8>>2 ^golekleale D`s`{` @S8>->8-8>>2 Ilea{`x H`h`t D`s`{` @S88-8>>2 ^gelelole D`s`{` @S88->8-8>>2 Ogohwlt iwhlea Tlelo D`s`{` @S

8;->8-8>>2 ^goh`h`tle FF^L ;87->8-8>>2 ^goh`h`tle FF^L ;83->8-8>>2 ^geagedli`le B^T ^goh`h`tle FF^L ; 8 fel~{lkf 8-8>>2 ^gow~wfle H`h`t FF^L ; ;82 h`h`t 3>> h`h`t

^gep`xlole H`h`t FF^L ; 274 h`h`t < 7>> h`h`t82->8-8>>2 ^goh`h`tle FF^L ;80->8-8>>2 [wxsgp Ilble Tgxagelea D`s`{` @S

>;-8>>2 Alqleale Olewli D`s`{` @@ >%7 bl >%7 bl >%7 bl

>;->;-8>>2 [wxsgp Ilble TO D`s`{` @@>4->;-8>>2 Fwt`~ hxmedmile D`s`{` @@ ;> gohgx 74 gohgx>7->;-8>>2 Fwt`~ hxmedmile D`s`{` @@ 42 gohgx 03 gohgx>3->;-8>>2 Fwt`~ hxmedmile D`s`{` @@ 80 gohgx 7> gohgx>2->;-8>>2 Kgf Fwli`tl{ Blekl D`s`{` @@ ; ;->;-8>>2 ^geagxl{le jlile D`s`{` @@ < < 2 Alqleale Olewli D`s`{` @@ >%7 bl >%7 bl >%7 bl;-8>>2 [wxsgp Il~lea Tgxagelea D`s`{` @@;-8>>2 Alqleale Olewli D`s`{` @@ >%7 bl >%7 bl >%7 bl;-8>>2 Alqleale Olewli D`s`{` @@ >%7 bl >%7 bl >%7 bl;-8>>2 Alqleale Olewli D`s`{` @@ >%7 bl >%7 bl >%7 bl;-8>>2 Gslfwl{` Hwlb fg ^F[ D`s`{` @@;-8>>2 Owlt Hwlb D`s`{` @@

;-8>>2 Owlt Hwlb D`s`{` @@8>->;-8>>2 Mx`getl{` fg ^F[ D`s`{` @@84->;-8>>2 ^gow~wfle JJF D`s`{` @@ 4 t`t`f 2 t`t`f87->;-8>>2 Wet`i ^w~wf D`s`{` @@ tme83->;-8>>2 Mx`getl{` ^gow~wfle D`s`{` @@81->;-8>>2 Kgf Fwli`tl{ Blekl D`s`{` @@ ; ;

[wohgx : Fga`ltle Il~leale

70

Tlhgi Ilo~`xle ;% Jwxeli Blx`le Olalea {ghlal` ^gedlo~`ea L{`{tge


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Tlhgi Ilo~`xle ;% Jwxeli Blx`le Olalea {ghlal` ^gedlo~èa L{`{tge

^xg{tl{` Fgxjl ^gewi`{

Tleaali Fga`ltle Fgtgxleale

Jwoilb

Flxplqle Plead`fmetxmi

"Mxlea)

Iwl{ Lxgl

Plead`Fmetxmi

"Bl)

IlolFga`ltle

"Jlo)

>8->7-8>>2 Ilea{`x H`h`t D`s`{` @ 7 8 1

>;->7-8>>2 Ilea{`x H`h`t D`s`{` @ 4 8 1>7->7-8>>2 Gkgx H`h`t FF^L ; ; 8 1>3->7-8>>2 Fme{mi`dl{` iwhlea Tlelo

dle ^gelelole

D`s`{` @; 8 1

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dle ^gelelole

D`s`{` @; 8 1

>0->7-8>>2 ^gelelole D`s`{` @ 7 8 1->7-8>>2 ^gohwltle Xmxlf

^gelelole Flkleale

D`s`{` @4 8 1

7-8>>2 ^gohwltle Xmxlf^gelelole Flkleale

D`s`{` @; 8 1

7-8>>2 ^gohwltle Xmxlf^gelelole Flkleale

D`s`{` @; 8 1

7-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` D`s`{` D`s`{` @@ 77-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` D`s`{` D`s`{` @@ 17-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` D`s`{` D`s`{` @@ 1

7-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` D`s`{` D`s`{` @@ 18>->7-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` D`s`{` D`s`{` @@ 187-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` Fletmx Fletmx Hg{lx 188->7-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` Fletmx Fletmx Hg{lx 78;->7-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` Fletmx Fletmx Hg{lx 184->7-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` Fletmx Fletmx Hg{lx 183->7-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` Fletmx Fletmx Hg{lx 181->7-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` Fletmx Fletmx Hg{lx 182->7-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` Fletmx Fletmx Hg{lx 180->7-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` Fletmx Fletmx Hg{lx 7;>->7-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` Fletmx Fletmx Hg{lx 1;7-8>>2 Ldoè`{txl{` Fletmx Fletmx Hg{lx 1>8->3-8>>2 Ogealohì Dltl {gfwedgx Fletmx Hg{lx 1>;->3-8>>2 Ogealohì Dltl {gfwedgx Fletmx Hg{lx 1>4->3-8>>2 Ogealohì Dltl {gfwedgx Fletmx Hg{lx 1>7->3-8>>2 Ogealohì Dltl {gfwedgx Fletmx Hg{lx 1>3->3-8>>2 Ogealohì Dltl {gfwedgx Fletmx Hg{lx 7>1->3-8>>2 Ogealohì Dltl {gfwedgx Fletmx Hg{lx 1>2 ^wilea Fg Hmamx 1


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3>

Tlhgi Ilo~`xle 4% Kwxlb Bwjle d` Fghwe Ow{t`fl Tlbwe >1Tlbwe

> 8>>< 8>>8 8>>; 8>>4 8>>7 8>>3 8>>1

Tmtli

Xltl/xltlHwile

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Jlewlx`


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38

Tlhgi Ilo~`xle 1% Cmxo Xgeklel Fgxjl Blx`le "XFB)


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^T% [ljlea BgwileaOw{t`fl G{tltg

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