panduan toefl.pdf

8/9/2019 Panduan Toefl.pdf

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TES TOEFL DAN PEMBAHASANNYA

Oleh: Taqizar

Suatu kalimat bahasa Inggris yang baik dan benar seharusnya hanya berisi sebuah

subjek dan sebuah kata kerja. Pertanyaan yang sering muncul dalam soal-soal

TOEFL yaitu dihilangkannya subjek atau kata kerja atau kedua-duanya. Yang perlu

Anda lakukan adalah dengan menemukan subjek atau kata kerja, kemudian

analisa jawaban dengan melihat kata yang hilang.

Contoh Soal TOEFL:

_________ was ringing continuously for hours.

(A). Loudly

(B). In the morning

(C). The Phone

(D). The bells

Pembahasannya:

1. Teridentifikasi terdapat sebuah kata kerja yaitu was sehingga diperlukan subjek

untuk melengkapi pernyataan tersebut.2. (A) bukan subjek, (B) bukan subjek, (C) subjek, (D) subjek

3. Sekarang tinggal 2 pilihan kemungkinan jawaban, sekarang tinggal dilihat yang

lebih tepat.

4. Karena was merupakan kata kerja tunggal, maka jawaban yang tepat adalah (C)

yang merupakan subjek tunggal.

Sebagai latihan, silahkan jawab soal berikut:

1. Mark Twain _________ they years after the Civil War the Gilded Age.

(A) Called

(B) Calling

(C) He called

(D) His calls

2. Early _________ toes instead on hooves on their feet.

(A) Horses

(B) Had horses

(C) Horses had

(D) Horses having

3. _________ radio as the first practical system of wireless telegraphy.

(A) Marconi's development

(B) The development of Marconi

(C) Developing Marconi

(D) Marconi developed

Sekarang Anda akan belajar tentang salah satu ciri-ciri soal TOEFL bahwa jika

suatu kata yang biasanya subjek namun terdapat kata depan (object of

preposition) yang mengikutinya, maka kata tersebut bukan suatu subjek.

Contoh Soal TOEFL:

To Taqi _______ was a big surprise.

(A). really

(B). the party

(C). funny

(D). when

Pembahasannya:

1. Dapat dilihat bahwa sebelum kata Taqi terdapat kata depan to, sehingga Taqibukan merupakan subjek.

2. Teridentifikasi terdapat sebuah kata kerja yaitu was sehingga diperlukan subjek

untuk melengkapi pernyataan tersebut.

3. (A) bukan subjek, (B) subjek, (C) bukan subjek, (D) kata penghubung

4. Jawaban yang benar adalah (B)

Sebagai latihan, silahkan jawab soal berikut:

1. _________ grow close to the ground in the short Arctic Summer.

(A) Above tundra plants

(B) Tundra plants

(C) Tundra plants are found

(C) For tundra plants

2. Between 1725 and 1750, New England witnessed an increase in the

specialization of _________ .

(A) Occupations

(B) Occupies

(C) They occupied

(C) It occupied them


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3. The two biggest resort _________ Arkansas are Hot Springs and Eureka Springs.

(A) in

(B) towns in

(C) towns are

(D) towns are in

Dan terakhir Anda akan mempelajari tentang Present Participle. Present participle

adalah kata kerja (verb) yang ditambah ing (verb + ing). Present participle

berbeda dengan gerunds. Fungsi present participle dapat sebagai kata kerja

(verb) dan juga dapat sebagai kata sifat (adjective).

- Merupakan bagian dari kata kerja bila terdapat bentuk be (is, am, are) di depan

kata kerja.

Contoh: The train is arriving at the station now.

Dalam kalimat ini, kata arriving sebagai kata kerja karena diikuti bentuk be (is).

- Merupakan bagian dari kata sifat bila tidak terdapat bentuk be (is, am, are) di

depan kata kerja.

Contoh: The train arriving at the station now is an hour late.Dalam kalimat ini, kata arriving sebagai kata sifat karena kata kerja sudah ada

pada kata is.

Contoh Soal TOEFL:

The film _______ appearing at the local theater is my favorite.

(A). now

(B). is

(C). it

(D). was

Pembahasannya:

1. Dapat dilihat bahwa kata The film merupakan subjek.2. Dapat juga terlihat bahwa terdapat kata kerja yaitu kata is.

3. (A) kata pelengkap, (B) kata kerja, (C) subjek, (D) kata kerja

4. Jawaban yang benar adalah (A).

Dibawah ini ada contoh soal-soal TOEFL dan pembahasannya, mari disimak :

1. He ..bacon and eggs every morning.

A. is used to eat C. has been used to eating

B. hadused to eat D. use to eating

Jawaban C

Kata used to digunakan untuk membandingkan waktu lampau dan waktu kini,

dan seringkali menunjukkan makna kebiasaan atau pengulangan. (Zandvoort,

1980:84).

2. The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them.. every night

this week.

A. Practice C. practiced

B. to practice D. the practice

Jawaban A

Kata had dalam kalimat tersebut berarti menyuruh dan membentuk struktur

causativeaktif, sehingga kata kerja dibelakangnya harus berbentuk infinitive

tanpa to, yaitu practice (berlatih).

3. You. your seatstodau if you want to go to the game.

A. had better to reserve C. had to better reserve

B. had better reserve D. had to reserve better

Jawaban B

Salah satu ungkapan bahasa Inggris untuk menyatakan lebih baik adalah had

better +V1. Jadi , had better reserve (lebih baik memesan) merupakan pilihan

yang tepat untuk kalimat tersebut.

4. Your sister used to visit you quite often

A. didnt she C. wouldnt she

B. doesnt she D. hadnt she

Jawaban A

Kata bantu dalam question tag didasarkan pada kata kerja dalam kalimat yang

terkait. Kata kerja dalam kalimat positif tersebut berupa V2 (past tense) used


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to, sehingga kata kerja bantu yang digunakan untuk melengkapi QT-nya yang

tepat adalah didnt. Apabila kata kerja nya kalimat positif adalah V1 plus -s,

maka QT-nya dont. Jika kata kerjanya V1 plus -s, QT-nya doesnt. Apabila

kata kerja kalimat berupa be (can, will, could, would), maka cukup menambahkan

not setelahnya untuk membentuk QT.

5. Mr. Zarkasi was the long chain of unfortunate events

A. the first to break C. firstly broken

B. the first breaking D. breaking the first

Jawaban A

Ungkapan the first to break dalam kalimat terebut berasal dari bentuk panjang

the first man who broke. Frasa man who broke dengan kata kerja bentuk

lampau ini dapat diganti dengan struktur to +V1, yaitu to break.

6. There is often disagreement as to is the better students, Bob or Helen

A. whom C. who

B. whose D. whichJawaban C

Kata ganti orang yang paling tepat adalah who, karena berfungsi sebagai

pengganti subjek dalamanak kalimat tersebut.

7. A few of.are planning to dr ive to Florida today.

A. we girls C. girls us

B. girls we D. us girls

Jawaban D

Kata of sebagai kata depatn jika diikuti kata ganti orang, maka harus berbentuk

objek, sehigga pilihanyang tepat adalah us girls.

8. Please go to to pick up your ID card.

A. third window C. window third

B. the window three D. the third window

Jawaban D

Kata bilangan penunjuk urutan (ordinals)biasanya didahului sebuah kata sandang

tentu ( definite determiner) yaiut the . (Leech, 1979:254).

9. Its a shame that you have.time in New York on the tour

A. so few C. a few

B. solittle D. a little

Jawaban B

Kata time termasuk kata benda tak dapat dihitung (uncountable), jadi untuk

menyatakan begitu sedikit waktu yang tepat adalah so little time. Little

hanya digunakan pada kata benda tak dapat dihitung.

10. She hasnt seen her family.three years ago

A. since C. for

B. from D. before

Jawaban A

Kalimat tersebut berbentuk Present Perfect Tense (hasnt seen). Jika keterangan

waktunya menunjuk pada suatu titik waktu tertentu (three years ago, misalnya

dihitung dari tahun 2008 titik waktunya adalah tahun 2005), maka kata depan

yang harus dipakai adalah sejak (since).

11. this coffee tastes a littleto me.

A. strongly C. so strong

B. Strong D. too strong

Jawaban B

Kata tastes (terasa, rasanya) harus diikuti jenis kata sifat,yaitu strong (kental).

12. It isday that travel advisories have been issued for most themajor highways.

A. such snowy C. such a snowy

B. so snowy D. such snowy

Jawaban C

Such digunakan secara khusus untuk menunjukkan suatu cirri bentuk benda

tertentu (identity of type). Contoh lain: They regulary get The Daily Courier. I

wouldnt read such a paper (Quirkm 1972:703)


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13. I like these dises, butis a little too small

A. the tea cup C.theteas cup

B. cup of tea D. thecup for the tea

Jawaban A

Frasa kata benda dalam bahasa Inggris pada umumnya berstruktur hokum MD

(yang diterangkan terletak dibelakang (yang menerangkan ). Jadi, berbalikan

dengan frasa kata benda bahasa Indonesia yang berstruktur MD. Kata tea

adalah menerangkan (M) dan cup adalah yang diterangkan (D). Struktur noun

phrase seperti ini dalam bahasa Inggris dikenal sebagai Modifier-Head (MH).

14. I will return your notes assoon as copying them.

A. I will finish C. I finish

B. I do finish D.I finished

Jawaban C

Kalimat itu tepat jika dilengkapi dengan subjek dan kata kerja berbentuk waktu

Simple Present Tense, yaitu I finish.

15. Although she is very popular, she is nother sister.

A. more pretty than C. pretty as

B. as pretty like D. prettier than

Jawaban D

Kalimat itu menggunakan Comparative Degree. Jika terdiri dari dua suku kata,

untuk menyatakan lebih, maka cukup member imbuhan -er dan diikuti than.

Jadi, pilihan yang benar adalah prettier than.

ECTION 3

READING COMPREHENSIONTime-55 minutes

(including the reading of the directions)

Now set your clock for 55 minutes.

This section is designed to measure the ability to read and understand short

passages similar in topic and style to those found in North American universities

and colleges.

Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by

a number of questions about it. You are to choose the one best answer, A, B, C or

D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question

and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is

stated or implied in that passage.

Read the following passage:

John Quincy Adams, who served as the sixth president of the United States from

1825 to 1829, is today recognized for his masterful statesmanship and diplomacy.

He dedicated his life to public service, both in the presidency and in the various

other political offices that he held. Throughout his political career he

demonstrated his unswerving belief in freedom of speech, the antislavery cause,

and the right of Americans to be free from European and Asian domination.

Example I

To what did John Quincy Adams devote his life?

(A) Improving his personal life

(B) Serving the public

(C) Increasing his fortune

(D) Working on his private businessAccording to the passage, John Quincy Adams dedicated his life to public

service. Therefore, you should choose (B).

Example II

In line 4, the word unswerving is closest in meaning to

(A) movable

(B) insignificant

(C) unchanging

(D) diplomatic

The passage states that John Quincy Adams demonstrated his unswerving belief

throughout his career. This implies that the belief did not change. Therefore,

you should choose (C).

Now begin work on the questions.Questions 1-9

Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless and inflammable liquid that can be produced

by combining carbon disulfide and chlorine. This compound is widely used in

industry today because of its effectiveness as a solvent as well as its use in the

production of propellants.

Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been banned for

home use. In the past, carbon tetrachloride was a common ingredient in cleaning


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compounds that were used throughout the home, but it was found to be

dangerous: when heated, it changes into a poisonous gas that can cause severe

illness and even death if it is inhaled. Because of this dangerous characteristic, the

United States revoked permission for the home use of carbon tetrachloride in

1970. The United States has taken similar action with various other chemical

compounds.

1. The main point of this passage is that

A. carbon tetrachloride can be very dangerous when it is heated

B. the government banned carbon tetrachloride in 1970

C. although carbon tetrachloride can legally be used in industry, it is not

allowed in home products.

D. carbon tetrachloride used to be a regular part of cleaning compounds

2. The word widely in line 2 could most easily be replaced by

A. grandly

B. extensively

C. largely

D. hugely

3. The word banned in line 4 is c losest in meaning to

A. forbidden

B. allowed

C. suggested

D. instituted

4. According to the passage, before 1970 carbon tetrachloride was

A. used by itself as a cleanser

B. banned in industrial use

C. often used as a component of cleaning products

D. not allowed in home cleaning products

5. It is stated in the passage that when carbon tetrachloride is heated, it

becomes

A. harmful

B. colorless

C. a cleaning compound

D. inflammable

6. The word inhaled in line 7 is closest in meaning to

A. warmed

B. breathed in

C. carelessly used

D. blown

7. The word revoked in line 8 could most easily be replaced by

A. gave

B. granted

C. instituted

D. took away

8. It can be inferred from the passage that one role of the U.S. government is to

A. regulate product safety

B. prohibit any use of carbon tetrachloride

C. instruct industry on cleaning methodologies

D. ban the use of any chemicals

9. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses

A. additional uses of carbon tetrachloride

B. the banning of various chemical compounds by the U.S. government

C. further dangerous effects of carbon tetrachloride

D. the major characteristic of carbon tetrachloride

Questions 10-19 :

The next artist in this survey of American artist is James Whistler; he is included in

this survey of American artist because he was born in the United States, although

the majority of his artwork was completed in Europe. Whistler was born inMassachusetts in 1834, but nine years later his father moved the family to St.

Petersburg, Russia, to work on the construction of a railroad. The family returned

to the United States in 1849. Two years later Whistler entered the U.S. military

academy at West Point, but he was unable to graduate. At the age of twenty-one

Whistler went to Europe to study art despite familial objections, and he remained

in Europe until his death.

Whistler worked in various art forms, including etchings and lithographs.

However, he is most famous for his paintings, particularly Arrangement in Gray

and Black No. 1: Portrait of the Artists Mother or Whistlers Mother, as it is more

commonly known. This painting shows a side view of Whistlers mother, dressed I

black and posing against a gray wall. The asymmetrical nature of the portrait, with

his mother seated off-center, is highly characteristic of Whistlers work.10. The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discusses

A. A survey of eighteenth-century art

B. a different American artist

C. Whistlers other famous paintings

D. European artists

11. Which of the following best describes the information in the passage?

A. Several artists are presented


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B. One artists life and works are described

C. Various paintings are contrasted

D. Whistlers family life is outlined.

12. Whistler is considered an American artist because

A. he was born in America

B. he spent most of his life in Americat

C. he served in the U.S. military

D. he created most of his famous art in America

13. The world majority in line 2 is closest in meaning to

A. seniority

B. maturity

C. large pices

D. high percentage

14. It is implied in the passage that Whistlers family was

A. unable to find any work at all in Rusia

B. highly supportive of his desire to pursue art

C. working class

D. military

15. The word objections in line 7 is closest in meaning to

A. protests

B. goals

C. agreements

D. battles

16. In line 8, the etchings are

A. a type of painting

B. the same as a lithograph

C. an art form introduced by Whistler

D. an art form involving engraving

17. The word asymmetrical in line 11 is closest in meaning to

A. proportionate

B. uneven

C. balanced

D. lyrical

18. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passsage?

A. Whistler work with a variety of art forms.

B. Whistlers Mother is not the official name of his painting.

C. Whistler is best known for his etchings.

D. Whistlers Mother is painted in somber tones.

19. where in the passage does the author mention the types of artwork that

Whistler was involved in?

A. Lines 1-3

B. Lines 4-5

C. Lines 6-7

D. Lines 8-10

Questions 20-30

The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear to the

naked eye to change, and as a result stars are often considered to be fixed in

position. Many unaware stargazers falsely assume that each star has its own

permanent home in the nighttime sky.

In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of the tremendous

distances between stars themselves and from stars to Earth, the changes are

barely perceptible here. An example of a rather fast-moving star demonstrates

why this misconception prevails; it takes approximately 200 years for a re latively

rapid star like Bernards star to move a distance in the skies equal to the diameter

of the earths moon. When the apparently negligible movement of the stars is

contrasted with the movement of the planets, the stars are seemingly unmoving.

20. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

a. What the eye can see in the sky

b. Bernards star

c. Planetary Movement

d. The Evermoving stars

21. The expression naked eye in line 1 most probably refers to

a. a telescope

b. a scientific method for observing stars

c. unassisted vision

d. a camera with a powerful lens

22. According to the passage, the distances between the stars and Earth are

a. barely perceptible

b. huge

c. fixed

d. moderate

23. The word perceptible in line 5 is closest in meaning to which of the

following?

a. noticeable

b. persuasive

c. conceivable


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d. astonishing

24. In line 6, a misconception is c losest in meaning to a (n)

a. idea

b. proven fact

c. erroneous belief

d. theory

25. The passage states that in 200 years Bernards star can move

a. around Earths moon

b. next to the earths moon

c. a distance equal to the distance from earth to the moon

d. a distance seemingly equal to the diameter of the moon

26. The passage implies that from earth it appears that the planets

a. are fixed in the sky

b. move more slowly than the stars

c. show approximately the same amount of movement as the stars

d. travel through the sky considerably more rapidly than the stars

27. The word negligible in line 8 could most easily be replaced by

a. negative

b. insignificant

c. rapid

d. distant

28. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

a. starts do not appear to t he eye to move.

b. the large distances between stars and the earth tend to magnify

movement to the eye

c. Bernards star moves quickly in comparison with other stars

d. although stars move, they seem to be fixed

29. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses

a. the movement of the planets

b. Bernards star

c. the distance from earth to the moon

d. why stars are always moving

30. This passage would most probably be assigned reading in which course?

a. astrology

b. geophysics

c. astronomy

d. geography

Questions 31-40

It has been noted that, traditionally, courts have granted divorces on fault

grounds: one spouse is deemed to be at fault in causing the divorce. More and

more today, however, divorces are being granted on a no-fault basis.

Proponents of no-fault divorces argue that when a marriage fails, it is rarely the

case that one marriage partner is completely to blame and the other blameless. A

failed marriage is much more often the result of mistakes by both partners.

Another argument in favor of no-fault divorce is that proving fault in court, in a

public arena, is a destructive process that only serves to lengthen the divorce

process and that dramatically increases the negative feelings present in a divorce.

If a couple can reach a decision to divorce without first deciding which partner is

to blame, the divorce settlement can be negotiated more easily and equitably and

the postdivorce healing process can begin more rapidly.

31. What does the passage mainly discuss?

a. Traditional grounds for divorce

b. Who is at fault in a divorce

c. Why no-fault divorces are becoming more common

d. The various reasons for divorces

32. The word spouse in line 1 is closest in meaning to a

a. judge

b. problem

c. divorce decree

d. marriage partner

33. according to the passage, no-fault divorces

a. are on the increase

b. are the traditional form of divorce

c. are less popular that they used to be

d. were granted more in the past

34. It is implied in the passage that

a. there recently has been a decrease in no-fault divorces

b. not all divorces today are no-fault divorces

c. a no-fault divorce is not as equitable as a fault divorce

d. people recover more slowly from a no-fault divorce

35. The word proponents in line 4 is closest in meaning to which of the

following?

a. Advocates

b. Recipients

c. Authorities


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d. Enemies

36. The passage states that a public trial to prove the fault of one spouse can

a. be satisfying to the wronged spouse

b. lead to a shorter divorce process

c. reduce negative feelings

d. be a harmful process

37. Which of the following is NOT listed in this passage as an argument in favor

of no-fault divorce?

a. Rarely is only one marriage partner to blame for a divorce

b. A no-fault divorce generally costs less in legal fees

c. Finding fault in a divorce increases negative feelings

d. A no-fault divorce settlement is generally easier to negotiate

38. The word present in line 9 could most easily be replaced by

a. existing

b. giving

c. introducing

d. resulting

39. The word settlement in line 10 is closest in meaning to

a. development

b. serenity

c. discussion

d. agreement

40. The tone of this passage is

a. emotional

b. enthusiastic

c. expository

d. reactionary

Questions 41-50

Whereas literature in the first half of the eighteenth century in America had been

largely religious and moral in tone, by the latter half of the century therevolutionary fervor that was coming to life in the colonies began to be reflected

in the literature of the time, which in turn served to further influence the

population. Although not all writers of this period supported the Revolution, the

two best-known and most influential writers, Ben Franklin and Thomas Paine,

were both strongly supportive of that cause.

Ben Franklin first attained popular success through his writings in his brothers

newspaper, the New England Current. In these articles he used a simple style of

language and common sense argumentation to defend the point of view of the

farmer and the Leather Apron man. He continued with the same common sense

practicality and appeal to the common man with his work on Poor Richards

Almanac from 1733 until 1758. Firmly established in his popular acceptance by

the people, Franklin wrote a variety of extremely effective articles and pamphlets

about the colonists revolutionary cause against England.

Thomas Paine was an Englishman working as a magazine editor in Philadelphia at

the time of the Revolution. His pamphlet Common Sense, which appeared in

1776, was a force in encouraging the colonists to declare their independence

from England. Then throughout the long and desperate war years he published a

series of Crisis papers (from 1776 until 1783) to encourage the colonists to

continue on with the struggle. The effectiveness of his writing was probably due

to his emotional yet oversimplified depiction of the cause of the colonists against

England as a classic struggle of good and evil.

41. The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discusses

a. how literature influence the population

b. religious and moral literature

c. literature supporting the cause of the American Revolution

d. what made Thomas Paines literature successful42. The word fervor in line 2 is c losest in meaning to

a. war

b. anxiety

c. spirit

d. action

43. The word time in line 3 could best be replaced by

a. hour

b. period

c. appointment

d. duration

44. It is implied in the passage that

a. some writers in the American colonies supported England during the

Revolution

b. Franklin and Paine were the only writers to influence the Revolution

c. because Thomas Paine was an Englishman, he supported England

against the colonies


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d. authors who supported England did not remain in the colonies during

the Revolution

45. The pronoun he in line 8 refers to

a. Thomas Paine

b. Ben Franklin

c. Ben Franklins brother

d. Poor Richard

46. The expression point of view in line 9 could best be replaced by

a. perspective

b. sight

c. circumstance

d. trait

47. According to the passage, the tone of Poor Richards Almanac is

a. pragmatic

b. erudite

c. theoretical

d. scholarly

48. The word desperate in line 16 could best be replaced by

a. unending

b. hopeless

c. strategic

d. combative

49. Where in the passage does the author describe Thomas Paines style of

writing?

a. lines 4-6

b. lines 8-9

c. lines 14-15

d. lines 18-20

50. The purpose of the passage is to

a. discuss American literature in the first half of the eighteen century

b. give biographical data on two American writers

c. explain which authors supported the Revolution

d. describe the literary influence during revolutionary America

Kunci Jawaban :

1.(C) 2.(B) 3.(A) 4.(C) 5.(A) 6.(B) 7.(D) 8.(A) 9.(B) 10.(B) 11.(B) 12.(A) 13.(D) 14.(C)

15.(A) 16.(D) 17.(B) 18.(C) 19.(D) 20.(D) 21.(C) 22.(B) 23.(A) 24.(C) 25.(D) 26(D)

27.(B) 28.(B) 29.(A) 30.(C) 31.(C) 32.(D) 33.(A) 34.(B) 35.(A) 36.(D) 37.(B) 38.(A)

39.(D) 40.(C) 41.(B) 42.(C) 43.(B) 44.(A) 45.(B) 46.(A) 47.(A) 48.(B) 49.(D) 50.(D)

TES TOEFL.2

Lives professional quality printing.

1.

What is the impact printer?

A. the only printers available for home computers

B. printer which use business computers

C. a printer which uses an inked ribbon

D. a printer which makes impressionable deposits

It may be inferred from the passage that

A. some computer printers are not impact printers

B. all impact printers are cheap

C. dot-matrix printers were the first impact printers

D. impact printers can only be used with small computers

Formed-character printers have the advantage over dot-matrix printers ofA. graphics production

B. printing excellence

C. cost

D. speed

With a daisywheel arrangement, the user can

A. use a dot-matrix printer

B. do without a formed-character printer

C. reproduce graphics

D. vary his typeface

What would be the most suitable title for this passage?

A. Small Computer Printers: Some Consideration

B. The Impact Of Printers On Computer SalesC. Small Home And Business Computers

D. Dot-Matrix Printers Superior To Formed-Character Printers

soal no 6 s.d. 10 mengacu pada bacaan berikut

Recent research into whether people who are good at solving brain twisters are

more intelligent than those who are not suggest that the experts make use of a

special type of insight. However, not only do they appear to be good at this

(choosing with the elements to process, to combine, or to compare from the


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information given), but they are also clever at making use of general or prior

knowledge and at monitoring their own progress wit a particular problem. In

addition, they appear capable of adopting an appropriate cognitive style

consisting of combination of impulse and reflection. Just what this combination is

still mystifies the researchers, and so does the original question , to which their

answer is a somewhat frustrating possibly.

What is the best title of this passage?

A. the nature of intelligence

B. are brain twisters tests of intelligence? Doubt lingers

C. brain twisters: how everyone can solve them

D. the cognitive style of brain-twister writers

which of the following may not be inferred from the passage?

A. experts at brain twisters use different talents from non-experts

B. There are several factors affecting success with brain twisters

C. Both impulsive and reflective thinking play a role in solving brain twisters

D. The researchers were frustrated by brain twisters

According to the passage, the expert insight involves

A. a selection process

B. making use of general knowledgeC. monitoring their own progress

D. a combination of impulse and reflection

How does the author seem to feel about the research?

A. selectively interested

B. interested but in partial disagreement

C. interested but somewhat dissatisfied

D. interested but rather mystified

What was the researchers main purpose?

A. to prove that brain-twister experts are unusually intelligent

B. to seek a correlation between solving brain twisters and intelligence

C. to identify the experts monitoring process

D. to describe the process of solving brain twisters

PART TWO: STRUCTURS

Soal no 11 s.d 15 pilih satu jawaban yang benar untuk mengisi titik-titik

He has blond hair, ?

A. Has he?

B. Hasnt he?

C. Does he?

D. Doesnt he? (Has disini berarti memiliki, bukan bagian dari perfect tense, jadi

question tag nya doesnt he? )

In fife years time Ginting his degree

A. will have taken (

B. shall have taken

C. will take

D. has taken

A: Future perfect tense. Subject adalah orang ketiga tunggal jadi menggunakan

will. Penanda tense adalah waktu. in five years

I remember in this city when the traffic wasnt too heavy

A. driving

B. drive

C. to drive

D. drove

Jawaban A

Remember + gerund

The grass are still wet, it

A. should have rained

B. must have rained

C. must be rained

D. was rained

Jawaban B

Mengungkapkan kepastian: must have + V3

Were I rich, I around the world

A. will travel

B. would travelC. travel

D. would be travel

Jawaban B

Conditional sentence type II = would + V1

You look so awful with your performance; you should go to barber to have your

hair


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A. cut

B. to cut

C. to be cut

D. cutting

Jawaban A

Passive participle: kalimat pasif yang disingkat sehingga to be nya dihilangkan dan

kata kerjanya V3

What did the cashier of the bookstore tell you?

with a credit card

A. Not paying

B. Not pay

C. Lets not pay

D. Not to pay

A period of eight hours not enough to finish this assignment

A. are

B. is

C. to beD. being

her mistake, the stewardess immediately apologized to the passengers.

A. Realized

B. Realizing

C. Realizes

D. She realized

Jawabn B : Active participle: because she had realized.

You should check your answer sheet before

A. Hand it in

B. To hand it in

C. Handing it inD. Handed it in

I down the street when it began t o rain

A. am walking

B. would walk

C. have walked

D. had been walking

Jawaban D

Past perfect continuous tense

Could you please tell me

A. where is the toilet?

B. Where the toilet?

C. Where the toilet is?

D. Where did the toilet?

Jawaban C

Karena di depan sudah ada kata Tanya could

Rather than the homework Id prefer to watch TV

A. to

B. to do

C. doing

D. did

Jawaban A

Rather than + V1

In order to accommodate bigger air crafts they need to the runway

A. lengthen

B. length

C. prolong

D. longer

Almost all of the students fail on the first try

A. in passing the TOEFL test

B. to pass the TOEFL test

C. to have pass the TOEFL test

D. pass the TOEFL test

Jawaban APassing = have passed

Soal no. 26 s.d.30 pilihlah kata yang memiliki arti sama dengan kata yang

digarisbawahi

The function of refrigerator is to maintain the vegetables stay fresh

A. obtain

B. make


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Leave out = keluar

The angry boss his employee tha t he would fire him

A. Scolded

B. Blamed

C. Accused

D. Suspected

Jawaban A

Scolded = marah dengan kata-kata mengancam

Blamed = menyalahkan

Accused = menuduh

Suspected = mencurigai

Although Retno is the smartest student in the class, she is about her

achievment

A. motivated

B. modest

C. elaborated

D. detainedJawaban B

Modest = rendah hati

Motivated = bermotivasi

Elaborated = kerja dengan sunguh-sungguh

Detained = tertangkap

The bird couldnt fly because its wings were

A. destroyed

B. hurt

C. damaged

D. injured

Jawaban DInjured = terluka

Destroy = damaged = rusak

Hurt = terluka (fisik / emosional)

Retno and Maruti are from the same village, but they are not

A. related

B. relative

C. relation

D. relationship

Jawaban B

relative = saudara

related = terhubung

relation = relasi / teman

relationship = hubungan

guys! We will win this game in the next tournament. Remember, failure is just a

cancelled victory!

A. take your shoes off

B. be calm

C. cheer up

D. get up

awaban D

Get up = ayo bangun! (pembangkit semangat)

Take your shoes off = lepas sepatumu

Be calm = tenanglah

Cheer up = bergenbiralah

The collection of poems written by Chairil Anwar has been few years ago

A. edited

B. issued

C. promoted

D. reported

Jawaban D

Issued = diterbitkan

Edited = diedit

Promoted = dipromosikan

Reported = dilaporkan

Shes a though girl, and she will able to the problem soon

A. get out

B. get rid of

C. clear out

D. get into

Jawaban B

Get rid of = menghilangkan, menyingkirkan


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Get out = keluar

Clear out = menjernihkan

Get into = masuk ke dalam

You have our family name by stealing those cheap things

A. disgraced

B. extended

C. coddled

D. cleaned

Jawaban A

Disgraced = mempermalukan

Extended = memperluas

Coddled = memanjakan

Cleaned = membersihkan

The magazine only published , so in one month its only twice

A. weekly

B. yearly

C. fortnightlyD. monthly

Jawaban C

Fortnightly = two weekly

MATERI LISTENING

Untuk contoh soal TOEFL bagian listening, saya hanya menuliskan soal-soalnya

saja berupa percakapan dan pertanyaan dari narrator, untuk file audio

listeningnya belum bisa saya upload. Namun sobat tidak perlu khawatir, contoh

soal TOEFL listening ini bermanfaat untuk memberikan gambaran bagaimana

soal-soal TOEFL yang biasa keluar. Berikut ini beberapa contoh soal TOEFL

listening.

Soal TOEFL Listening ke-1Woman : Why is Iqbal feeling so happy?

Man : Hejust started workingin a real estate company.

Narator : What does the man say about Iqbal?

(A) He always liked his work in real estate.

(B) He began a new job.

(C) He just bought some real estate

(D) He bought a real estate agency

Pembahasan:

Frasa feeling so happy dan just started working dalam contoh model soal

percakapan di atas menggiring pada pilihan (B) He began a new job. Sebab,

kalimat yang diucapkan oleh pembicara kedua bermakna sepadan dengan kalimat

dalam pilihan jawaban (B).

Tips:

Perhatikan apa yang disampaikan oleh pembicara kedua dan keterkaitannya

antara frasa serta kata kunci lainnya, yang dapat mengantar pada kesimpulan

yang benar dalam pilihan jawaban.

Soal TOEFL Listening ke-2

Iqbal : Did you get the bread, milk, and eggs?

Dwi : Now we need to stand in line at the checkout counter.

Narrator : Where does this conversation probably take place?

(A) In a restaurant

(B) At a bakery

(C) On a farm

(D) In a market

Pembahasan:Pertalian antara kata kunci the bread, milk, and eggsyang diucapkan pembicara

pertama dengan frasa at the checkout countermengantarkan pemahaman

dimana percakapan berlangsung. Jawaban (B) At a bakerymerupakan jawaban

tepat yang menggambarkan tempat terjadi percakapan dimana biasanya roti,

susu dan telur dijual.

Tips:

Perhatikan kata kunci pembicara pertama dan kedua dalam percakapan guna

menentukan SIAPA, APA dan DIMANA.


Dwi : What are we doing with the dog while we are on vacation?

Iqbal : Ilma will look afterhim.Narrator : What does the man say?(A) Ilma will buy their dog.

(B) After they return from vacation, they are going to buy a dog.

(C) Ilma will take care of their dog while they are on vacation.

(D) Ilma will be very tired after the long vacation.

Pembahasan:

Pada contoh soal TOEFL dengan model seperti ini, kita diharuskan mengerti

beberapa ungkapan dalam bahasa inggris yang memiliki arti tertentu. Contoh soal


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di atas mengandung kata kunci look after yang tidak dapat diartikan langsung ke

Bahasa Indonesia. Look after merupakan ungkapan yang berarti merawat. Jauh

berbeda bukan jika langsung diartikan ke Bahasa Indonesia? Jawaban yang paling

tepat adalah (C) Ilma will take care of their dog while they are on vacation.

Berikut ini beberapa contoh ungkapan:

o

look after (merawat)

o

call off (menunda)

o

put on (memakai)

o

show off (memamerkan)

o

take off (tinggal landas)

o

brush up on (mengulang)

o run out of (kehabisan)

o

turn down (menolak)

o

lay off (memecat)

Tips:

Pahami kalimat secara keseluruhan dan cari jawaban yang memungkin atau

sesuai dengan kata kunci yang disebutkan pada percakapan. Tidak ketinggalan

untuk tetap mengetahui beberapa ungkapan yang mengandung arti baru.


Iqbal : Maulidas grades in math are incredibly low. Maybe she needs a tutor to

get through class.

Dwi : That could be true, but we should talk to her first.

Narrator : What are these people probably going to do next?

(A) Study math with Maulida.

(B) Take Maulida to a doctor.

(C) Discuss the problem with Maulida.

(D) Find Maulida a study group.

Pembahasan:Pernyataan pertama Maybe she needs a tutor to get through

classmerupakan ungkapan yang mengusulkan bahwa Maulida membutuhkan

seorang pembimbing. Namun, pada pernyataan kedua (we should talk to herfirst) mengindikasikan bahwa sebaiknya mereka membicarakan terlebih dahulu

kepada Maulida tentang pembimbing tersebut. Jadi, dengan kata lain mereka

selanjutnya akan berdiskusi terlebih dahulu dengan Maulida untuk memecahkan

masalah yang Maulida hadapi. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (C) Discuss the

problem with Maulida.

Tips:

Perhatikan pernyataan dari kedua pembicara dengan memberikan perhatian

secara khusus terhadap apa yang diuraikan oleh kedua pembicara. Cari padanan

kata yang sama dengan apa yang diuraikan oleh keduanya.


Man : I just got this letter from my sister.Women : So the mail has come already.

Narrator : What had the woman assumed?

(A) The mans sister never wrote to him.

(B) The mail had not yet arrived.

(C) The mail always came early.

(D) The mail had already arrived.

Pembahasan:

Pernyataan I just got this letter from my sister, mendapat penegasan dari salah

satu pembicara dengan ungkapan positif, So the mail has come already. Namun

yang sesungguhnya yang ada di benak pembicara adalah kebalikan dari makna

yang diutarakannya. Umumnya, kebalikan dari bentuk penegasan ini disampaikan

dalam pernyataan negatif yang berlawanan dengan makna dalam pernyataan

positifnya: So the mail has come already.

Tips:

Jika menemukan model soal TOEFL yang merupakan bentuk penegasan dari

pernyataan yang menyiratkan keraguan, maka jawaban yang benaradalah kebalikan makna yang seringkali dituliskan dalam bentuk pernyataan

negatif atau sebaliknya.

Materi Grammar yang Sering Diujikan dalam Tes TOEFL

1. Main Verb

Semua kalima dalam bahasa inggris harus memiliki main verb (kata kerja utama)

dan subjek.

Contoh :

A: An advance country with an indicator of high rate of productivity (SALAH)B: An Advance country has an indicator of high rate of high rate of productivity

(BENAR)

Jawaban A : Salah, karena tidak memiliki Main Verb, kalimat tersebut hanyalah

satu frasa yang artinya : Satu Negara Maju Dengan Satu Indikator dari Tingkat

Produktifitas yang tinggi

Jawab B : Benar, Main Verb nya adalah Has (Memiliki), arti kalimat : Satu Negara

Maju Memiliki Satu Indikator dari Tingkat Produktifitas yang tinggi


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2. Infinitive

Infinitive adalah kata kerja (Verb) yang bila diikuti verb lain memerlukan bentuk

infinitive sebagai pelengkapnya,kata-kata kerja tersebut diantaranya yaitu :

Want Beg Mean Propose Allow Intend Urge Require Advice Need

Decide Tell/teach Hope Invite Ask Expect Support

Struktur dari Verb diatas :

Verb + To + V 1

Contoh Kalimat : I Want To Say That I Love You

3. Gerund (-ing Form)

Kata-kata kerja (verb) yang bila di ikuti oleh verb lain, verb yang mengikuti

haruslah berbentuk V-ing. Kata-kata kerja tersebut diantaranya :

Finish Fancy forgive Mind Admait Appreciate Denay Delay Detest Resist

Risk Concider Continue Keep Enjoy Excuse Postpone Practise Pardon Prevent

Undertand.Aviod Anticipate Avoid Neglect

Struktur dari Verb di :

Verb + Verb-ing

Contoh Kalimat :The students have finised doing the exercises

5. Conditional

Kalimat conditional disebut juga dengan kalimat pengandaian, digunakan untuk

menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau mungkin tidak terjadi seperti yang

diharapkan. Teri dari 3 tipe dengan bentuk struktur :

Rumus Conditional Sentence Type 1

If + Subjek +V.1, S + Will + V.1

Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Type 1

If I prepare well for the test I will pass it .


If + Subjek +V.2/Were +S + M2 + V.1M2 (Modal bentuk 2) : Would,could


If I prepared well for the test, I should pass.


If + Subjek + Had + V3 +S+ M.2 + Have + V.3


If I had prepared well for the test, I should have passed.

4. Past Custom

Past Custom adalah kebiasaan yang terjadi di masa lampau dan sekarang sudah

tidak terjadi lagi. Biasanya menggunakan Used To

Strukturnya sebagai berikut :

S + Used to + V

Atau

S + Used to + V-ing

Contoh Kalimat :

He used to study at USA before he worked here
http://bahasainggris-jepang.blogspot.com/2013/11/rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-gerund.htmlhttp://bahasainggris-jepang.blogspot.com/2013/11/pengertian-rumus-dan-contoh-conditional.htmlhttp://bahasainggris-jepang.blogspot.com/2013/11/rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-gerund.html

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