panduan sains
TRANSCRIPT
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SUNDAY, 30 MAY 2010
KPS ( Science Process Skills )Tips to Score A
018-Science
Upsr 2010
Science
FACILITATOR;ZAZOLNIZAM ZAKARIA
GURU CEMERLANG SAINSMAJLIS GURU CEMERLANG MALAYSIA
Bahagian A
4 langkah utama :
1. Pastikan anda membaca soalan sekali lalu. Pastikan anda tahu apa yang disoal.
2. Baca sekali lagi dan tandakan kata kunci soalan.
3. Tentukan tajuk yang disoal.
4. Abaikan jawapan pengganggu.
Bahagian B
5 langkah utama :
1. Pastikan anda membaca soalan sekali lalu. Pastikan anda tahu kehendak soalan.
2. Baca sekali lagi dan tandakan kata kunci soalan.
3. Tentukan dan tuliskan pemboleh ubah ( variables) dalam soalan tersebut.
4. Tentukan tajuk yang disoal.
5. Tulis jawapan mengikut format jawapan yang betul.
MAKING INFERENCE/ MEMBUAT INFERENS
Using information from observations to make reasonable early conclusions.
Menggunakan data dari pemerhatian untuk membuat penerangan awal.
Making various possible interpretations from single observation
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Memberikan pelbagai andaian dari pemerhatian tunggal
Using inferences as a tool to determine the appropriate additional observations.
Menggunakan inferens sebagai alat untuk mengenalpasti pemerhatian tambahan
yang jitu
Testing the accuracy of inferences through additional observations.
Menguji ketepatan inferens melalui pemerhatian tambahan
Give reason to an observation or making an earlier conclusion from what have been
observed.
Memberikan sebab kepada pemerhatian yang telah dibuat
The Inferences/Menginferens
Logical inferenceany reason as long as it is logic.
Inferens logik- sebarang sebab yang logik
Comparingany logical reason but the answer must be in a form of comparing.
Bandingansebarang sebab yang logik dalam bentuk bandingan
Controlled/exactonly one specific reason is accepted.
Jituhanya satu jawapan sahaja
Examples of questions
State two reasons based on the observation above.
State an inference for the condition of the fish in the aquarium.
Give a reason for the answer given in (a)
Why is the distance of the moving trolley decreasing?
CONTROLLING VARIABLES/ MENGAWAL PEMBOLEH UBAH
The Variables/ Pemboleh ubah-pemboleh ubah
1. What to change (wc) / yang berubah
2. What to observe/measure (wm) / yang diukur/ diperhatikan3. What to keep the same (same)/ yang sama
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1. What to observe/measure
- Thing that is being observed / measured /investigated / recorded / the result of an
investigation.
2. What to change (tc)
- Thing that is changed or being manipulated in an investigation and it has an effect on
thing that is observed.
3. What to keep the same
- Thing that is always the same and kept constant in an investigation.INTERPRETING DATA/ MENTAFSIR MAKLUMAT
The questions based on the
Table
Graph
Bar chart
Diagram
To state:
The aim/purpose of the investigation
The trend or pattern of the data given
The relationship between the thing to change and thing to observe.
By making conclusion or what you have learnt
Aim / Purpose of the investigation or things to find out.
Examples of questions
What is the aim/purpose of the investigation above?
What have you found out from the investigation?
State the purpose of the investigation.
What is/ state the aim of the investigation/experiment/ fair test
What is/ state the purpose of the investigation/ experiment/ fair test
What are you going to find out?
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The Sentence/ Cara Menjawab
To investigate the relationship between..(what to change)..and ..(what to observe).
To find out the effect of .(what to change)on/to .(what to observe)./
Mengkaji hubungan di antara yang berubah dan .yang diukur..Untuk mengkaji kesan ..yang berubah .. terhadap/ kepada .. yang diukur
PREDICTING/MERAMAL
Stating the outcome of a future event based on prior knowledge gained
through experiences or collected data.
Able to determine the outcomes from an action.
Using pattern of data explicitly to make projections.
Confident with the accuracy of the prediction.
Able to verify a statement of related to future events based on evidence or past
experiences.
Extrapolating and inserting data as a tool to predict
Two ways to make prediction.
1. Based on the calculation from the data given. Answers obtained from thecalculation is always exact (one whole number)
2. If the answer obtained is not exact or in range, write down only one whole
number from that range
Note: Depends on the questions.
Examples of questions
Predict the length of the string if a 5 kg load is used
Predict in which pot the seeds will grow the healthiest.
Predict the condition of the animal in container B after 2 weeks.
What will happen to the plant if it is covered with a box?
MAKING HYPHOTESIS/ MEMBUAT HIPOTESIS
Hypothesis:
Making a statement of which can be proven by doing an experiment or investigation or fair
test
Hypothesis sentence
Examples: The more the time taken to heat the water, the more the temperature is.
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As the time taken to heat the water increases, the temperature also increases.
The longer the string, the lesser the number of swings.
Plants need water to grow well
If the type of objects are different, the ability to absorb of water also different.
Examples of questions
a) State a hypothesis based on the investigation above.
b) What is the hypothesis of this investigation?
c) Write a hypothesis based on the information above.
Technique of answering:
1. ..( trend/pattern). (wtc).., (trend pattern ) (wto)
2. As/If/When ......(wtc). .(trend/pattern)., .(wto) also ..(trend/pattern).
Clue: 1. Identify the WTC and WTO2 Identify the trend/pattern of the WTC and WTO (if any)
3..Relate the WTC and WTO to form hypothesis sentence