Peranan Guru Cemerlang dalam Era Globalisasi. Cabaran dan

Strategi Menangani PerubahanRusmini Ku Ahmad PhD

Institut Aminuddin Baki

GlobalisasiKAMUS DEWAN

Fenomena yang menjadikan dunia mengecil dari segi perhubungan

manusia kerana kepantasan perkembangan teknologi maklumat.

Satu proses kehidupan yang serba luas dan infiniti merangkumi segala aspek kehidupan dari segi politik, sosial, dan ekonomi yang boleh dirasai oleh seluruh umat manusia di dunia ini. (dunia tanpa sempadan)

Gelombang yg menguasai dunia. Lodge (1993) mendefinisikan globalisasi sebagai:

"... a process forced by global flows of people, information, trade and

capital. It is accelerated by technology, which is driven by only a few

hundred multinational corporations and may be harmful to the

environment.

John Smith started the day early having set his alarm clock ( MADE IN JAPAN ) for 6am. While his coffeepot ( MADE IN CHINA ) was perking, he shaved with his electric razor ( MADE IN HONG KONG .) He put on a shirt ( MADE IN  SRI LANKA ), designer jeans ( MADE IN SINGAPORE ) and tennis shoes ( MADE IN KOREA ).    After  cooking his breakfast in his new electric skillet ( MADE IN INDIA ) he sat down  with his calculator ( MADE IN MEXICO ) to see how much he could spend today. After setting his watch ( MADE IN TAIWAN ) to the radio ( MADE IN INDIA ) he got in his car (MADE IN GERMANY ) filled it with GAS ( from SAUDI ARABIA ) and continued his search for a good paying AMERICAN JOB.   

Hoping for an American Job…..

 At the end of yet another discouraging and fruitless day checking his Computer ( MADE IN MALAYSIA), John decided to relax for a  while. He put on his sandals ( MADE IN  BRAZIL ) poured himself  a glass of wine ( MADE IN  FRANCE ) and turned on his TV  ( MADE IN  INDONESIA ), and then wondered why he can't find a good paying job in AMERICA . AND LASTLY HE'S HOPING HE CAN GET HELP FROM THE PRESIDENT ( MADE IN  KENYA )

Hoping for an American Job…..

Jobs and 21st Century Work

Type of Task Task Description Example

Routine Rules-basedRepetitiveProcedural

Book keepersAssembly line workers

Manual Environmental adaptabilityInterpersonal adaptability

Truck driversSecurity guardsWaitersMaids and janitors

Complex Thinking Abstract problem solvingMental flexibility

ScientistAttorneysManagersDoctorsDesignersSoftware programmers

Trilling, B. and Fadel, C. (2009)

Jobs and 21st Century Work

Jobs and 21st Century Work

Average Spending on Public Education in Relation to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

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Trends in International Mathematics and Science Score 2003-2007 survey (TIMSS)

And yet, according to a Trends in International Mathematics and Science Score 2003-2007 survey (TIMSS), Malaysian secondary students’ maths score had deteriorated (from 508 to 474 points) while Japan, South Korea and Singapore were able to maintain or improve on their performance (ranging from 570 to 605 points)

(Teoh Kok Lin, 2010: The Star).

Challenges

Research by the Ministry of Education shows that one factor that contributes to drop-out rates is the inability of students to cope with the syllabus being taught. In 2008 almost 32,000 students dropped out of school at various stages.

(Karen Chapmen, Tan Shiow Chin and Tan Ee Loo, 2010).

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Challenges

Key to New Economic Model’s success and becoming a high income country is ready availability of quality human resources. Human capital lies at the core of innovation. Raising productivity requires a labour force of high calibre – committed, motivated and skilled enough to drive transformational change based on excellence over the long term (Tan Sri Dr Lin See-Yan, 2011)

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Innovation

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Innovation is a new way of doing things that results in positive change.

Big I

Small i: Continuous improvements

Gallo, C,. (2010)

Generation Characteristics

Baby boomers1946 and 1964,

•Extremely hardworking •Motivated by position, perks and prestige.•Confident, independent and self-reliant.•Achievement-oriented, dedicated and career-focused. •Welcome exciting, challenging projects and strive to make a difference.•Equate work and position with self-worth, competitive in the workplace. • Believe in hierarchal structure • May have a hard time adjusting to workplace flexibility trends.

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Generation Characteristics

Generation X1965 and 1980

•Often characterized by high levels of skepticism, “what’s in it for me” attitudes•Independent, resourceful and self-sufficient. •Values freedom and responsibility.•The Generation X mentality reflects a shift from a manufacturing economy to a service economy. •The first generation to grow up with computers, technology is woven into their lives.•Ambitious and eager to learn new skills but want to accomplish things on their own terms.Unlike previous generations, members of Generation X work to live rather than live to work.

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Generation CharacteristicsGeneration Y(1981-2000)

•Sophisticated, technology wise

•Much more racially and ethnically diverse and they are much more segmented as an audience aided by the rapid expansion in Cable TV channels, satellite radio, the Internet, e-zines, etc. •Less brand loyal and the speed of the Internet has led the cohort to be similarly flexible and changing in its fashion, style consciousness and where and how it is communicated with.

•Strong-willed, passionate, and optimistic youth. They have great expectations and are known for expecting (and demanding) to get what they want.

•Caring about the world and its problems, forming a large part of the worldwide Green movement.

•More tolerant of differences than their parents' and grandparents' generations.

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Generation Characteristics

Generation Z2001-2010

•Grow up with a highly sophisticated media and computer environment and will be more Internet savvy and expert than their Gen Y forerunners.

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Generation Characteristics

Generation Alpha2010 and above

Gen A - will be the most formally educated generation in history.

Gen A members were also expected to be more materialistic and technology-focused.

Internet Penetration Rate in Malaysia

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Malaysia was ranked 25th top 30 countries of the Internet penetration rate.

Number of Friends on Social Networking Websites

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Survey conducted by International Firm TNS

Kajian Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) - 2007 - 2008

Dapatan kajian antarabangsa menunjukkan pemimpin sekolah di Malaysia cenderung ke arah pentadbiran dan bukan ke arah kepimpinan instruksional.

Kepimpinan instruksional dilaporkan (pengawasan Arahan, menyokong pembangunan profesionalisme guru, menetapkan hala tuju sekolah) adalah kurang di Malaysia berbanding dengan kebanyakan negara lain Talis [Jadual 6.3].

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Table 6.3. Management leadership styles (2007-08)

Indices of leadership styles adopted by principals in lower secondary education

 Instructional leadership1 Administrative leadership2

Mean SE Mean SE

Australia -0.22 (0.09) -0.73 (0.08)Austria -0.59 (0.05) -0.07 (0.06)Belgium (Fl.) -0.40 (0.08) -0.50 (0.05)Brazil 1.16 (0.07) 0.50 (0.06)Bulgaria 0.43 (0.07) 1.22 (0.10)Denmark -0.34 (0.09) -1.69 (0.06)Estonia -0.76 (0.06) -0.90 (0.05)Hungary 0.59 (0.07) 0.23 (0.09)Iceland -0.51 (0.07) -0.82 (0.07)Ireland -0.56 (0.08) 0.21 (0.07)Italy 0.26 (0.08) 0.40 (0.05)Korea -0.04 (0.07) -0.47 (0.08)Lithuania3 -0.05 (0.06) -0.18 (0.07)

Malaysia -0.37 (0.09) 1.08 (0.06)Malta 0.37 (0.09) -0.21 (0.09)Mexico 0.26 (0.08) 0.56 (0.08)Norway -0.39 (0.05) 0.61 (0.05)Poland 0.91 (0.07) -0.23 (0.05)Portugal -0.48 (0.06) 0.00 (0.07)Slovak Republic 0.05 (0.09) 0.02 (0.05)Slovenia 0.97 (0.05) 0.01 (0.04)Spain -0.85 (0.09) -0.63 (0.08)Turkey 0.20 (0.15) 0.92 (0.11)TALIS average 0.00 (0.02) 0.00 (0.01)

Kajian Wagner (2008)

Kajian kualitatif yang dijalankan oleh Wagner di Amerika Syarikat terhadap pandangan majikan mengenai bakal pekerja serta aktiviti yang berlaku di sekolah. Beliau mendapati majikan memerlukan pekerja yang mempunyai tujuh kemahiran bagi menghadapi cabaran abad ke 21 ini iaitu:

• Pemikiran kritikal dan penyelesaian masalah• Kolaborasi serta memimpin melalui pengaruh• Boleh mengubahsuai• Mempunyai inisiatif • Kobolehan berkomunikasi: percakapan dan tulisan• Menilai dan menganalisis maklumat• Sifat ingin tahu dan imaginasi

Soft Skills

Learning agilityEmotional intelligenceDriving change and performanceESH(environmental, safety and health)

&Social orientationCommunicationComposure (tenang)Confidence

Yayasan Sime Darby

Soft Skills

Leadership Forward thinkingBreakthrough thinkingSelf confidenceWork smartIntegrityInterpersonal

Khazanah Nasional

Definition

Soft skill is a term relating to a student’s or a person’s skill in critical thinking, problem solving, communication (articulating ideas through writing and verbally), working in a team, leading and social skills.

(Rusmini, 2011)

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Causal

1Impetus for change :Market demand

2Policy

3School principal

4. School culture

Core category

Teachers Characteristics1Competencies – attitude, skills and knowledge

2Sharing of knowledge

Strategies

1Different styles of Teaching and Learning

2Involve Students in co curriculum3Provide students with various learning material4Create a learning environment (Providing informative material around the school e.g touch screen):

Context

1Students’ ability, preferences, attitude and different ethnic groups

Intervening

1Parents’ background

Students’ Soft Skills

1Critical thinking

2Problem solving3Communication4Working in a team5Leading6Social skill

Model of Developing Soft Skills Among Malaysian Secondary School Students

(Rusmini, 2011)

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More… Less…

For the Learner   To Rush through the Syllabus 

To Excite Passion  Out of Fear of Failure 

For Understanding  To Dispense Information Only 

For the Test of Life  For a Life of Tests 

Remember Why We Teach

More… Less…

The Whole Child The Subject

Values-centric Grades-centric

Process Product

Searching Questions Textbook Answers

Reflect on What We Teach

More… Less…

Engaged Learning Drill and Practice

Differentiated Teaching ‘One-size-fits-all’ Instruction

Guiding, Facilitating, Modelling Telling

Formative and Qualitative Assessing Summative and Quantitative Testing

Spirit of innovation and enterprise Set Formulae, Standard Answers 

Reconsider How We Teach

Teach Less Learn More Thinking School Learning Nation

Source: Ministry of Education Singapore

Ciri Guru Abad 21

Sentiasa belajarPemikiran kritikal dan penyelesaian masalahKolaborasi serta memimpin melalui pengaruhBoleh mengubahsuaiMempunyai inisiatif Kobolehan berkomunikasi: percakapan dan

tulisanMenilai dan menganalisis maklumatSifat ingin tahu dan imaginasi

Flow

Control

Relaxation

Boredom

Apathy

Worry

Anxiety

Arousal

High

Low HighSKILLS

CHALLENGES

Csikszentmihalyi (1990)

Strategi Guru Abad 21

Meningkatkan kemahiran pengajaran dan pembelajaran

- Komuniti pembelajaran profesional: membaca, refleksi, kajian tindakan, kajian kes, ‘coaching and mentoring, penyeliaan dll.

Mewujudkan kerjasama dengan pelbagai pihak

Menjana kreativiti dan inovasi

Know your Customer!!!

A disappointed salesman of Coca Cola returns from his Middle East assignment. A friend asked, "Why weren't you successful with the Arabs?"

The salesman explained, "When I got posted in the Middle East , I was very confident that I would make a good sales pitch as Cola is virtually unknown there. But, I had a problem I didn't know to speak Arabic. So, I planned to convey the message through three posters...

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First poster - A man lying in the hot desert sand...totally exhausted and

fainting.   Second poster - The man is drinking our

Cola.         Third poster- The man is now totally

refreshed, and up and running.

Then these posters were pasted all over the place  

"That should have worked," said the friend.

 

The salesman replied "Yes, BUT I didn't realize that Arabs read from right to left"