laporan praktikum pressure drop

8/19/2019 LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM PRESSURE DROP

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A. TUJUAN

M#$#$%&'($ )*+($,($ ($,'(% '#+/' %(' )#r*/#$* ((

#r(/(($ D2Ar" #"(r( #r")(($

[−∆ P ρ . v 2 ] 5 K [ ρ . v . D μ ]c 1

[ L D ]c 2

[ ε D ]c 3

B. DASAR TEORI

S&(%& (+ ($, #$%*$, (+(/ %r($r%(* 6+&*( (+(/ *( ((+(

(($( #r)#(($ %#'($($ %#%(* /#$,*$,(% (($( ,##'($ 6r*'*8 )(*' ($%(r(

/+#'&+ "(*r($ #$,($ *$*$, *( /(&&$ ($%(r /+#'&+ "(*r($ #$*r*! (+ *$*

/#$,('*)(%'($ '#*+($,($ %#'($($ #*$,,( *#r+&'($ %#$(,( /*$*/&/ &$%&'

((% /#$,(+*r'($ &(%& "(*r($ (+(/ *(. P(( *( r*9$%(+! %#'($($

/*$*/&/ *$* *,&$('($ &$%&' /#+(($ ,(( ,##' ($%(r( /+#'&+ "(*r($ ($

/+#'&+ "(*r($ #$,($ *$*$, *( ($, *#)&% #$,($ Pr#&r# Dr.

H&)&$,($ /(%#/(%* ($%(r( )#( %#'($($ #$,($ )#(r($-)#(r($ ($,

)#r#$,(r& (( %#/ %#r#)&% ((% *"(r* #"(r( ($(+** */#$*. B#(r($-

)#(r($ ($, )#r#$,(r& ((+(:1. S*6(% "(*r($ ($, /#$,(+*r! /#+*&%*: '#"#(%($! '#'#$%(+($! ($

'#r((%($.;. S*6(% (r* *( ($, *,&$('($! /#+*&%*: ($;???????????..;8


3/26

A%(&

[−∆ P ρ . v 2 ] 5 K [ ρ . v . D μ ]c 1

[ L D ]c 2

[ ε D ]c 3

??????????..

??. 38

H(r,( K! C1! C;! C3 ((% *"(r* #"(r( #r")(($. H(r,( ε / D &$%&'

)#r/("(/-/("(/


4/26

Pr#&r# Dr *(/(%* #$,($ /#+*(% )#( %*$,,* "(*r($ ##r%* %#r+*(%

(( ,(/)(r (+(% (*%& (( *( #$#r(. D(r* #r(/(($ 3 ($, *#r+# (r*

($(+*( */#$* *((%'($:

[−∆ P ρ . v 2 ] 5 K [

ρ . v . D

μ ]c 1

[ L

D ]c 2

[ ε

D ]c 3

??????????????48

U$%&' /#$#$%&'($ C1! /('( (r,( > (r& *>(r*(* &$%&' &(%& &'&r($ *(

r*9$%(+ #($,'($ ($


5/26

U$%&' /#$#$%&'($ C;! /('( ($(r*(* #($,'($ D

($ > *)&(% %#%(. O+# '(r#$( *%&! (r,( [ ρ . v . D μ ]c 1

($ [ ε D ]c 3

((+(

'$%($. M('( #r(/(($ 3 ((% *%&+*'($ #)(,(* )#r*'&%:

[−∆ P ρ . v 2 ] 5 K [ L D ]c 2

??????????.

?????????. 8J*'( #r(/(($ *%&+*'($ (+(/ )#$%&' +,! /('( *#r+# #r(/(($ ,(r*

+&r& #$,($ #r(/(($:

L,

[

−∆ P

ρ . v 2

] 5 +, K C; +,

[

L

D

]

????????????. 8H(r,( C; /#r&('($ +# ,(r* +&r& (( 'r*$(%:

L, [−∆ P ρ . v 2 ] >#r& +, [ L D ]3. P#$#$%&($ C3 ($ K

U$%&' /#$#$%&'($ C3! /('( *(/#%#r *( (r& *>(r*(* #($,'($ >

($ L %#%(. O+# K(r#$( *%& #r(/(($ 3 *&)( (+(/ )#$%&':[−∆ P ρ . v 2 ][ ρ . v . D μ ]−c 1

[ L D ]−c 2

5 K [ ε D ]c 3

???????????

108M('(:

L, [−∆ P ρ . v 2 ][ ρ . v . D μ ]−c 1

[ L D ]−c 2

5 +, K +, [ ε D ]c 3

????..

118

H(r,( C1! C; %#+( *"(r* #)#+&/$(! /('( r&( '*r* ((% **%&$,. P#r(/(($11 ((% *,(/)(r'($ #)(,(* ,(r* +&r& #$,($ +# C3 ($ +, ' ((+( %*%*'

%$, (( &/)& r*$(% +, [−∆ P ρ . v 2 ][ ρ . v . D μ ]−c 1

[ L D ]−c 2

.

C. BAHAN DAN ALAT

1. B(($ :B(($ ($, *,&$('($ (+(/ ##r")(($ *$* ((+( (*r 'r($.


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;. A+(% :

(. R($,'(*($ (+(% #r")(($ ). S%(%"

". P*'$/#%#r . V*'*/#%#r O%(+#. T#r//#%#r 6. J($,'( r$,,. G#+( &'&r . N#r("( ($(+*%*'

D. CARA KERJA

a. P#$#$%&($ (r,( C11. S*6(% 6** "(*r($ ($, *,&$('($ ##r%* '#r((%($! '#'#$%(+($! ($

&& (r* "(*r($ ($, *,&$('($ *%#$%&'($ %#r+#)* (&+&.2. A+(% *r($,'(* ##r%* (( ,(/)(r ($ (*r *&/($'($ #*$,,(

%#r#r6+ (( %($,'* &/($.3. H(r,( C1 *%#$%&'($ #$,($ /#/>(r*(* '#"#(%($ 6+&*( >8 #$,($

"(r( /#$,(%&r &&% #/)&'(($ 'r($ ;;@ ($ ;70 .4. D#)*% (+*r($ *&'&r #%*( #+($, ('%& %#r%#$%& #$,($ /#$(/&$,

#+&/# 6+&*( (( ,#+( &'&r.5. P#r)#(($ %*$,,* "(*r($ (( *( #$#r( *"(%(% (( #%*( '$**

#)*% ($, )#r)#( ($ (( &&% #/)&'(($ 'r($ ($, )#r)#(.6. D(%( ($, *#r+# '#/&*($ *"(%(%! #r")(($ *+('&'($ #)($('

%*,( '(+* &$%&' /(*$,-/(*$, >(r*(* &&%

b. P#$#$%&($ H(r,( C;1. H(r,( C; *%#$%&'($ #$,($ "(r( /#/>(r*(* ($(r*(* *(/#%#r *( D8

#($,'($ > ($ L *)&(% %#%(.;. T*$,,* "(*r($ (( *( #$#r( *(/(%* &$%&' #%*( '$**.3. D(%( ($, *#r+# *"(%(%.

. P#$#$%&($ (r,( K


7/26


8/26

III

540° H1 H; H3 H4 % V+&/# /L8

P#r")(($ I 0.@ @ @;.3 4.3 1000P#r")(($ II 1 @7 @3.@ 4 .3 1000P#r")(($

III

0 @.@ @3 4.@ .4 1000

00 ° H1 H; H3 H4 %V+&/#

/+8P#r")(($ 1 4.3 0 @ @; 1000

P#r")(($II

4 @.@ @@ @1.@ .4 1000

P#r")(($

III

4 @ @ @1 . 1000

3. Pr#&r# r (( *( ;P($


9/26

540° H1 H; H3 H4 % V+&/# /L8

P#r")(($ I .@ 1 @3 4. .@ 1000

P#r")(($ II 1 @3 4.@ .4 1000P#r")(($

III

. 1.@ @3 4 . 1000

00 ° H1 H; H3 H4 %V+&/#

/+8P#r")(($ 1 71. 3 @@ 4.@ .; 1000P#r")(($

II

70 1.@ @3 4.@ .4 1000

P#r")(($

III

71 ; @3 47 .3 1000

4. Pr#&r# r (( *( 3P($


10/26

540° H1 H; H3 H4 % V+&/# /L8

P#r")(($ I 4.@ 3.1 ;. 1 @. 1000

P#r")(($II

4 ; 1.@ 0 @. 1000

P#r")(($

III

4.@ 3 ; 1.@ @.@ 1000

00 ° H1 H; H3 H4 %V+&/#

/+8P#r")(($ 1 70 7.@ @. 1000

P#r")(($II

71 .@ @.@ @.@ 1000

P#r")(($

III

. 7 7 .@ @. 1000

@. Pr#&r# r (( *( 4

P($


11/26

P#r")(($ II @1. @1.@ @1 @0 .3 1000P#r")(($

III

@; @1 @0 @0 0 0

540° H1 H; H3 H4 % V+&/# /L8

P#r")(($ I @4.@ @4 @; @1.@ .17 1000P#r")(($ II ; @3 @3 @1 @. 1000P#r")(($

III

0 @;.@ @1 @1 @.@ 1000

. Pr#&r# r (( *( @P($


12/26

540° H1 H; H3 H4 % V+&/# /L8

P#r")(($ I 7 .@ .4 1000P#r")(($ II 7.3 . .4 .1 .3 1000P#r")(($

III

7.7 7.; .7 .4 .1 1000

00 ° H1 H; H3 H4 %V+&/#

/+8P#r")(($ 1 71.@ 71.1 70. .;4 1000P#r")(($

II

71 70 70 70 .4 1000

P#r")(($

III

71.@ 70.@ 70 .@ .3 1000

. PERHITUNGAN

1. P#$#$%&($ #$*%( ($ >*'*%(M(( (&(#% 5 43.34 - 17.@38 ,r(/ 5 ;@.7;@ ,r(/

T(&(#% 5 ;@ ° C

ρ (&(#% 5 0.7077 ,r"/3

(&(#%

V+&/# *'$ V8 5m

ρ

525.7258 gram

0.997077 gram /cm3

5 ;@.;3 "/3

M(( (*r 'r($ 5 43.373 17.@38 ,r(/ 5 ;@.73 ,r(/ (*r 'r($ 5

masaair kran

volume piknometer

525.7839 gram

25.8283cm3

5 0.;4;gram

cm3

1lb

454 gram (30,48cm)3

1 ft 3


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5 ;.; +)6%3

T (+*r r(%(-r(%( (&(#% ¿7.31 s+7.36 s+7.21 s

3=7.29 s

T (+*r r(%(-r(%( (*r 'r($57.33 s+7.58 s+7.48s

3=7.46 s

(*r 'r($ 5 ρ air kran x t air kran

ρaquadest x t akuadest (&(#%

5

0.998242 gram

cm3

x7.29 s

0.997077 gram

cm3

x7.46 s 0.00; "

5 0.01; 0,000672 lbm/ f t .s

1cp

5 .13 10-@ +)/6%.

;. P#$#$%&($ (r,( C1 >(r*(* '#"#(%($8P#r*%&$,($ *$* /#$,,&$('($ (%( (r* *( 1 #$,($ )&'(($ '#r($ 30!

4;0! ($ 40

S!"!# 225$

D*(/#%#r *( 5 1.@ "/

5 1.@ "/ 1 ft

30,48 cm

5 0.0@ 6%

L&( #$(/($, 51

4π D;

5

1

4 . 3!14 . 0.0@ 6%8;

5 ; 10-3 6%;

D#)*%

V+&/# r(%(-r(%( 5 1000mL+1000mL+1000mL

3 8 5 1000 /L

('%& r(%(-r(%( 5 ( 7.4+7.6+7.73 ) #'$ 5 7.@7 #'$


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1 5

t 51000mL

7.57 s 5 13;.; "/3

1 ft

30,48cm ¿ 3

5 4.7 10-3 6%3

K#"#(%($ L*$#(r >8V 5

!

"

54.7 x10

−3ft 3/ s

2 x 10−3

ft 2

5 ;.3@ 6%

P#$&r&$($ T#'($($ −∆ P¿

ρ (*r 'r($ 5 ;.13 +)6%3

, 5 3;.174 6%;

= 5 ;.3 "/ 5 ;.3 "/ 1 ft

30,48 cm 5 0.04 6%

−∆ P¿ 5 ρ , =

5 ;.13 +)6%3 3;.174 6%; 0.04 6% 5 17.7 +)6%.;

+, ρ. v . D

μ 5 +, [62.26 lb

ft 3 x 2.35

ft

s x0.05 ft

6.13 x10−5

lbm/ f t . s ]

5 @.07

L, −∆ P

ρ . v2 5 +,

[

187.67 lb / f t . #2

62.26 lb

ft 3 x (2.35 ft s )

2

] 5 ;.@D#$,($ "(r( ($, (/( &$%&' #r(


15/26

30 0.0047 ;.3@ 17.7 @.07 3.334;0 0.00@4 ;. ;[email protected]; @.13 3.;740 0.00@7 ;.3 ;4.; @.1@ 3.;

K#/&*($ *)&(% ,r(6*' &)&$,($ ($%(r( L, −∆ P

ρ. v2 > +, ρ . v . D

μ

.

5.(#5.(85.1(5.125.1"5.1#

2.2"

2.2#

2.28

2.3(

2.32

2.3"

)&*' = + (.#* 5.35

,- = (.72

Log [(− ∆P )/ .v2] vs log [ )( (.. /

inear &'

inear &'

log [ ) ](.. /

Log [(− ∆P )/ .v2](

D(r* #r(/(($:

L, −∆ P

ρ. v2 5 +, K C1 +, ρ. v . D

μ

M('( (r,( C1 ((+( +# (r* #r(/(($ ,(r* (r* '&r>( L, −∆ P

ρ. v2

> +, ρ . v . D

μ .

D(r* ,r(6*' *#r+# #r(/(($ 5 -0.@7 @.34;

J(* (r,( C1 5 -0.@7


16/26

3. P#$#$%&($ (r,( C; >(r*(* ($8

1. V 5!

"

;0. 55.7 x 10

−3ft 3/s

2 x 10−3

ft 2

;1. 5 ;.@ 6%;;.

;3. P#$&r&$($ T#'($($ −∆ P¿

;4. ρ (*r 'r($ 5 ;.13 +)6%3

;@. , 5 3;.174 6%;

;. = 5 3.33 "/ 5 3.33 "/ 1 ft

30,48 cm 5 0.11 6%

;7. −∆ P¿ 5 ρ , =


17/26

;. 5 ;.13 +)6%3 3;.174 6%; 0.11 6%;. 5 ;1.07 +)6%.;

30.

31. +, L

D 5 +, 1.3123 ft

0,05 ft

3;. 5 1.4333.

34. L, −∆ P

ρ . v2 5 +, [

219.07 lb / f t . #2

62.26 lb

ft 3 x (2.85 ft s )

2 ]3@. 5 3.;33.

37. D#$,($ "(r( ($, (/( &$%&' ($


18/26

@.

1."(1.5(1.#(1.7(1.8(1.9(2.((

3.15

3.2(

3.25

3.3(

3.35)&*' = (.25* 2.88

,- = (.92

Log [L/D] vs log [ ) ](.. /

inear &'

Log [L/D]

log [ ) ](.. /

0.1. D(r* #r(/(($:

;. L, −∆ P

ρ. v2 5 +, K C;+, L

D

3. M('( (r,( C; ((+( +# (r* #r(/(($ ,(r*

'&r>( L, Q =P8>;8 > +, 4.

@.. D(r* ,r(6*' *#r+# #r(/(($:7. 5 0.;@0; ;.7. /('( (r,( C; 5 0.;@0;.


19/26

70. P#$#$%&($ (r,( C3 >(r*(* *(/#%#r *(871. P#r*%&$,($ *$* /#/('(* (%( *( 1! 4! ($ @ ($, /#r&('($ *( )(


20/26

..100. C1 5 -0.@7

101.

ρ . v . D

μ -"1

5

[62.26

lb

ft 3 x 2.83

ft

s x0.05 ft

6.13 x10−5

lbm/ f t . s

]

0.5967

10;. 5 1. 103

103.104.10@. C; 5 0.;@0;

10. L

D -C; 5 [ 6.5617 ft 0,05 ft ]−0.2502

107. 5 0.34

10.

10. −∆ P

ρ. v2 5 [ 215.4164 lb / f t . #

2

62.26 lb

ft 3 x (2.83 ft s )

2 ] 5 0.433;110. 0.0001@ %##+ ($ r&,% *r$8

111. ε

D 50,00015

0,05 5 0.003

11;.113. D#$,($ "(r( ($, (/( &$%&' *(/#%#r ($, )#r)#( *#r+# (*+ #)(,(*

)#r*'&%:

114.

D 6%8

11@. =

6%8

11.

−∆ P

+)6%.; 8

117.

ρ. v . D

μ -

"1

11.

L

D -

C;

11.

−∆ P

ρ. v2

1;0.

ε

D

1;1.

0.041;;.

0

1;3.

;1@

.

4

1

4

1;4.

1.

1;@.

0.

1;.

0.

1;7.

0

1;.

0.0

1;.

0

130.

73.0

131.

.

13;.

0.

133.

1.

134.

0


21/26

;

;

@

13@.

0.1413.

0

137.

;4.

;

7

7

13.

.

13.

0.

140.

4.

141.

0

14;. D($ #r(/(($:

143. −∆ P

ρ. v2 ρ. v . D

μ -"1 L

D -"; 5 K ε

D "3

144. L, −∆ P

ρ. v2 ρ. v . D

μ -"1 L

D -"; 5 +, ' C3+, ε

D

14@. H(r,( C3 ((+( +# (r* #r(/(($ ,(r* +&r& (r* '&r>( &)&$,($ +,

−∆ P

ρ. v2 ρ. v . D

μ -"1

L

D -"; > +,

ε

D

14.

147. +, −∆ P ρ. v2

ρ . v . D

μ -"1 L

D -";

8

14. +, ε

D

8

14. ;.;74 1@0. -;.@11@1. ;.7 1@;. -;.7@@

1@3. 3.0@ 1@4. -;.31@@.


22/26

1@.

+3.2(( +3.((( +2.8(( +2.#(( +2."((

(.(((

(.5((

1.(((

1.5((

2.(((

2.5((

3.(((

3.5((

)&*' = + 1.#"* + 1.85

,- = 1

Grafik log [(− ∆P )/ .v2)] [ ) ]-c1 ]-c2 vs. log( (.. / [/ [/

inear &'

log [(− ∆P )/ .v2)] [ ) ]-c1 ]-c2( (.. / [/

log ][/

1@7. D(r* ,r(6*' *#r+# #r(/(($ :

1@. 5 -1.40@ 1.47 /('( C3 ((+( -1.40@

1@. D(r* #r(/(($ ,(r* *(%(! *'#%(&* )(( +, K /#r&('($

*$%#r# $(! /('( L, K 5 1.47

10. K 5 10 1.47

11. K 5 1.4; 10-;

1;. H(*+ #r*%&$,($ '##+&r&($ *#r+#

13. C1 5 1.403 C3 5 -1.40@14. C; 5 0.;@0; K 5 1.4; 10-3

1@. J(* #r(/(($ DAr" ((% *&&$:

1. [−∆ P

ρ v2

] 5 1.4; 10-;

ρ. v . D

μ 1.403

L

D 0.;@0;

ε

D -1.40@


23/26

17.1.1.170.171.

G. PEMBAHASAN1%2.

173. T&


24/26

*#)()'($ +# (+*r($ (*r 'r($ ($, %*(' '$%($ ('*)(% (($( #r)#(($

** (( )(,*($ %*%*' H3 ($ H4 #r%( )(,*($ &


25/26

0!04; 0!0@3 ($ 0!147. D(r* ,r(6*' &)&$,($ &)&$,($ +, −∆ P

ρ. v2

ρ . v . D

μ -"1

L

D -"; > +,

ε

D *((%'($ C3 & -1.40@ ($ $*+(* K ((%

*#r+# (r* $*+(* +, K ($, /#r&('($ *$%#r#% (r* ,r(6*' %#r#)&%! #*$,,( $*+(*

K & 1.4; 10-3 .

1'0. S#*$,,( #r(/(($ D2 Ar" ((% *&&$ : [−∆ P ρ v2 ] 5 1.4; 10-3

ρ . v . D

μ

1.403

L

D

0.;@0;

ε

D

-1.40

181.

182.

183.18".185.18#.187.

188.189.19(.191.192.193.19".195.19#.197.198.

199.2((.2(1.2(2.2(3.;04.;0@.;0.;07.;0.;0.;10.;11.


26/26

H. KESIMPULAN

212.

1. B#r((r'($ #r")(($ ($, %#+( *+('&'($ *((%'($ $*+(* :

C1 5 1.403

C; 5 0.2502C3 5 (1.6405K 5 1.42 ) 10(2

S#*$,,( #r(/(($ D2 Ar" ((% *&&$ :

213. [−∆ P ρ v2 ] = 1."2 * 1(+3 / ρ . v . D

μ 01."(3 /

L

D 0

(.25(2 /ε

D 0+1.#"(5

;14.;. Pr#&r# r )#r)($*$, +&r& #$,($ '#"#(%($ (+*r($ 6+&*(! ($

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