ktt 111 inorganic chemistry i [kimia takorganik...

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[KTT 111] INDEX NO: …………………..... UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA First Semester Examination Academic Session 2009/2010 KTT 111 Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I] Duration : 3 hours [Masa : 3 jam] Please check that this examination paper consists of THIRTY THREE pages of printed material before you begin the examination. Instructions: Section A: (40 marks) comprising 40 multiple-choice questions (MCQ), has to be answered within the first hour of the examination on the OMR answer sheet provided. The completed OMR answer sheet will be collected 1 hour after the commencement of the examination. Section B: (60 marks) consists of essay-type questions. Answer any THREE (3) questions. If a candidate answer more than three question only the first three questions in the answer sheet will be graded. Answers each question on a new page. You may answer the questions either in Bahasa Malaysia or in English. In the event of any discrepancies, the English version shall be used. Appendix: Table of relative atomic mass and physical constants.

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Page 1: KTT 111 Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I]web.usm.my/chem/pastyear/files/KTT111_Sem1_2009_2010.pdf · KTT 111 – Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I] Duration :

[KTT 111]

INDEX NO: ………………….....

UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA

First Semester Examination

Academic Session 2009/2010

KTT 111 – Inorganic Chemistry I

[Kimia Takorganik I]

Duration : 3 hours

[Masa : 3 jam]

Please check that this examination paper consists of THIRTY THREE pages of printed

material before you begin the examination.

Instructions:

Section A: (40 marks) comprising 40 multiple-choice questions (MCQ), has to be

answered within the first hour of the examination on the OMR answer sheet provided.

The completed OMR answer sheet will be collected 1 hour after the commencement of

the examination.

Section B: (60 marks) consists of essay-type questions. Answer any THREE (3)

questions. If a candidate answer more than three question only the first three questions in

the answer sheet will be graded.

Answers each question on a new page.

You may answer the questions either in Bahasa Malaysia or in English.

In the event of any discrepancies, the English version shall be used.

Appendix: Table of relative atomic mass and physical constants.

Page 2: KTT 111 Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I]web.usm.my/chem/pastyear/files/KTT111_Sem1_2009_2010.pdf · KTT 111 – Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I] Duration :

[KTT 111]

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SECTION B (60 marks) [TIME: 2 HOURS]

This section contains FIVE questions.

Answer any THREE questions.

Only the first THREE questions answered in the answer book will be marked. Supporting

data constants needed for the questions are included on the last page.

You must start each question on a new page.

1. (a) The Balmer series in the hydrogen spectrum originates from transitions

between n = 2 states and higher states. Calculate the wavelength of the

first three lines in the Balmer series for Li2+

.

(10 marks)

(b) Suppose we have a carbon atom that has had all of its orbiting electrons

removed except one. Do you expect the first Bohr orbit to be larger or

smaller than it was in a hydrogen atom and by what factor? Explain why

you would expect this to be so.

(6 marks)

(c) An unknown element was analyzed to determine its identity. From the

data below, determine the identity of this element. If the data is

inconclusive, give the possibilities of the element.

(i) The ion Y2+

was found to have no unpaired electrons

(ii) The ion Y2-

was found to have two unpaired electrons.

(iii) The element was representative, a weak conductor of electricity

and had a metallic luster.

(4 marks)

Page 3: KTT 111 Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I]web.usm.my/chem/pastyear/files/KTT111_Sem1_2009_2010.pdf · KTT 111 – Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I] Duration :

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2. The copper(II) ion was complexed with an organic ligand, L as shown in equation

(1):

Cu2+

(aq) + nL (aq) → CuLn (aq) (1)

Each molecule of L has one atom of sulfur. The following analysis was carried

out on the complex, CuLn: A sample of the complex with a mass of 0.2356 g was

burned in excess oxygen to give gaseous CO2, H2O, and SO2. These gases were

passed through 50.0 mL (an excess) of an acidified 0.0200 M KMnO4 solution,

which caused the SO2 to be oxidized to SO42-

. Next, 50.0 mL of 0.0300 M SnCl2

(an excess) was added to the solution to reduce all the excess KMnO4. The excess

Sn2+

was then titrated with 6.24 mL of 0.0010 M KMnO4 to reach the end point.

(i) Write the balanced equation for all the chemical reactions taking

place in solution.

(ii) Calculate the percentage of sulfur in the complex.

(iii) If the molar mass of L is 200.2 g mol-1

, what is the value of n in

the complex?

(20 marks)

3. (a) How does nuclear fission differ from nuclear fusion? Explain with at least

one example for each. Why are both of these processes exothermic?

(5 marks)

(b) The iodine that enters the body is stored in the thyroid gland from which it

is released to control growth and metabolism. The thyroid gland can be

imaged if iodine-131 is injected into the body. In large doses, iodine-131

is also used as a means of treating cancer of the thyroid. Iodine-131 has a

half-life of 8.70 d and decays by emission. Emission of a gamma ray

also accompanies the beta decay.

(i) Write a balanced equation for the decay of iodine-131.

(ii) How long will it take for 90.0 % of a dose of iodine-131 to decay?

(7 marks)

Page 4: KTT 111 Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I]web.usm.my/chem/pastyear/files/KTT111_Sem1_2009_2010.pdf · KTT 111 – Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I] Duration :

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(c) Some radio isotopes used as tracers make it possible for doctors to see the

images of internal body parts and observe their functions. The table below

gives information about three radio isotopes and the body part each radio

isotope is used to study.

(i) Write the equation for the nuclear decay of the radioisotope used to

study the circulatory system and tumors. Include both the atomic

number and the mass number for each missing particle.

(ii) It could take up to 50 hours for a radioisotope to be delivered to the

hospital from the laboratory where it was produced. What fraction

of the original sample of 24

Na remains unchanged if it took another

12 hours before being used?

(iii) The isotope 18

F is produced in a cyclotron by bombarding 18

O with

a proton. Write balanced equations showing the production of 18

F

and its decay.

(8 marks)

Radioisotope

Half-life

Mode of decay

Part of the body

24

Na

15 h

(emission)

Circulatory system

111

In

2.81 d

(capture)

Imaging tumors

18F

110 min

+ (emission)

Brain

Page 5: KTT 111 Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I]web.usm.my/chem/pastyear/files/KTT111_Sem1_2009_2010.pdf · KTT 111 – Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I] Duration :

[KTT 111]

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4. (a) The table below lists the dimensions a in Angstrom (Å) of several halides

of potassium. These halides adopt NaCl structure at 25 oC. Calculate the

ionic radius of each of the halide ions.

Halide Dimension a (Å)

KCl

KBr

KI

6.29294

6.60000

7.06555

(6 marks)

(b) Draw the structure of CaF2. Describe the type of lattice adopted by each of

the component ions. State the nearest neighbours of each component ions.

(6 marks)

(c) Voids or interstitial holes are common in closed-packed layers of identical

closed-packed spheres. Describe and identify these voids with the aid of

sketches.

(8 marks)

5. Solid aluminium chloride, AlCl3, vapourised to form Al2Cl6 dimer when heated.

The dimer reacted with phosphine, PH3, to form addition compound Cl3Al:PH3.

The formation of both the dimer and the addition compound involved dative

covalent bond.

(a) What is dative covalent bond?

(2 marks)

(b) In the form of Lewis structures, write a balanced equation to show the role

or involvement of dative covalent bond(s) in the formation of

(i) the Al2Cl6 dimer from AlCl3 and

(ii) the addition compound, Cl3Al:PH3 from the reaction between

Al2Cl6 and PH3.

(8 marks)

Page 6: KTT 111 Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I]web.usm.my/chem/pastyear/files/KTT111_Sem1_2009_2010.pdf · KTT 111 – Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I] Duration :

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(c) Using the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) bonding theory

and with respect to Al central atom, describe the transformation of

molecular geometry from AlCl3 to the Al2Cl6 dimer and to the addition

compound Cl3Al:PH3.

(10 marks)

Page 7: KTT 111 Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I]web.usm.my/chem/pastyear/files/KTT111_Sem1_2009_2010.pdf · KTT 111 – Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I] Duration :

[KTT 111]

TERJEMAHAN

Arahan:

Bahagian A: (40 markah) mengandungi 40 soalan berbentuk objektif (MCQ), perlu

dijawab dalam masa 1 jam pertama di dalam borang jawapan OMR yang disediakan.

Borang OMR akan dikutip satu jam selepas peperiksaan bermula.

Bahagian B: (60 markah) mengandungi soalan bertulis. Jawab TIGA (3) soalan. Jika

calon menjawab lebih daripada tiga soalan, hanya tiga soalan pertama mengikut susunan

dalam skrip jawapan akan diberi markah.

Jawab setiap soalan pada muka surat yang baru.

Anda dibenarkan menjawab soalan ini sama ada dalam Bahasa Malaysia atau Bahasa

Inggeris.

Sekiranya terdapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa

Inggeris hendaklah digunapakai.

Appendix: Jadual jisim atom relatif dan data pemalar fizikal.

Page 8: KTT 111 Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I]web.usm.my/chem/pastyear/files/KTT111_Sem1_2009_2010.pdf · KTT 111 – Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I] Duration :

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BAHAGIAN B (60 markah) [MASA: 2 JAM]

Bahagian ini mengandungi LIMA soalan.

Jawab sebarang TIGA soalan

Hanya TIGA jawapan yang pertama akan diperiksa. Data pemalar fizikal disertakan

dalam Lampiran.

Jawab setiap soalan pada muka surat yang baru.

1. (a) Siri Balmer pada spektrum hidrogen berasal daripada peralihan di antara

tahap n = 2 dan tahap yang lebih tinggi. Kirakan jarak gelombang bagi tiga

baris pertama di dalam siri Balmer bagi Li2+

.

(10 markah)

(b) Andaikan terdapat atom karbon yang telah dilucutkan semua elektron

yang mengelilinginya kecuali satu. Adakah anda jangka orbit Bohr

pertama akan menjadi lebih besar atau lebih kecil daripada orbit Bohr

pertama untuk atom hidrogen dan dengan faktor apa? Terangkan.

(6 markah)

(c) Suatu unsur yang tidak diketahui telah dianalisis untuk menentukan

identitinya. Daripada data berikut, tentukan identiti unsur tersebut.

Sekiranya data tidak lengkap, berikan kemungkinan identiti unsur tersebut.

(i) Ion Y2+

didapati tidak mempunyai elektron tidak berpasangan.

(ii) Ion Y2-

didapati mempunyai dua elektron tidak berpasangan.

(iii) Unsur itu daripada kumpulan utama, mempunyai kekonduksiaan

elektrik yang lemah dan mempunyai kilauan logam.

(4 markah)

...32/-

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[KTT 111]

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2. Ion kuprum(II) telah dikomplekskan dengan ligan organik L, seperti mana dalam

persamaan (1):

Cu2+

(ak) + nL (ak) → CuLn (ak) (1)

Setiap molekul L mengandungi satu atom sulfur. Analisis berikut telah dilakukan

atas kompleks CuLn: Satu sampel kompleks berjisim 0.2356 g telah dibakar

dengan oksigen berlebihan untuk menghasilkan gas CO2, H2O, dan SO2. Gas yang

terhasil telah di lalukan ke dalam 50.0 mL (berlebihan) larutan berasid 0.0200 M

KMnO4, yang mengakibatkan SO2 dioksidakan kepada SO42-

. Seterusnya, 50.0

mL 0.0300 M SnCl2 (berlebihan) telah ditambah untuk menurunkan semua

KMnO4 yang berlebihan. Ion Sn2+

yang berlebihan itu dititratkan dengan 6.24 mL

0.0010 M KMnO4 untuk mencapai takat akhir.

(i) Tuliskan persamaan tindak balas yang seimbang bagi semua tindak

balas yang berlaku di dalam larutan.

(ii) Kirakan peratus sulfur di dalam kompleks.

(iii) Jika jisim molar L adalah 200.2 g mol-1

, berapakah nilai n di dalam

kompleks?

(20 markah)

3. (a) Bagaimanakah proses pembelahan nuklear berbeza daripada proses

lakuran nuklear? Terangkan dengan memberi satu contoh untuk setiap

satu. Mengapakah kedua proses in merupakan eksotermik?

(5 markah)

(b) Iodin yang masuk dalam badan disimpan dalam kelenjar tiroid dari mana

ia dibebaskan untuk mengawal pertumbuhan dan metabolisme. Kelenjar

tiroid boleh diimej jika iodin-131 disuntik ke dalam badan. Dalam dos

yang besar iodin-131 diguna untuk mengubat barah tiroid. Iodin-131

mempunyai jangka setengah hayat 8.70 jam dan menyusut melalui

pemancaran sinar . Pemancaran sinar gama akan diikuti oleh penyusutan

.

(i) Tuliskan persamaan seimbang bagi penyusutan iodin-131.

(ii) Berapa lamakah akan diambil oleh satu dos iodin-131 untuk

menyusut sebanyak 90.0 %?

(7 markah)

...33/-

Page 10: KTT 111 Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I]web.usm.my/chem/pastyear/files/KTT111_Sem1_2009_2010.pdf · KTT 111 – Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I] Duration :

[KTT 111]

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(c) Isotop yang diguna sebagai unsur surih membolehkan doktor melihat imej

bahagian dalam badan dan memerhatikan fungsinya. Jadual di bawah

memberikan tiga radio isotop serta penggunaannya untuk mengkaji

bahagian badan tertentu.

Radio isotop

Setengah

hayat

Mod

penyusutan

Bahagian badan

24

Na

15 jam

(pemancaran)

Sistem perairan

darah

111

In

2.81 hari

(penangkapan)

Imej tumor

18F

110 min

+

(pemancaran)

Otak

(i) Tuliskan persamaan nuklear bagi penyusutan radio isotop yang

diguna untuk mengkaji sistem pengedaran darah dan tumor.

Tunjukkan nombor atom dan nombor jisim bagi semua jasad.

(ii) Ia mungkin mengambil selama 50 jam bagi radio isotop untuk

sampai ke hospital daripada makmal ia dihasilkan. Berapakah

pecahan asal suatu sampel 24

Na yang masih wujud jika ia

mengambil 12 jam sebelum ia digunakan?

(iii) Isotop 18

F dihasilkan dalam siklotron melalui tembakan 18

O dengan

proton. Tuliskan persamaan seimbang yang menunjukkan

pembuatan dan penyusutan 18

F.

(8 markah)

...34/-

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4. (a) Jadual di bawah menyenaraikan dimensi a dalam Angstrom (Å) beberapa

halida kalium. Halida ini berstrukturkan NaCl pada 25oC. Kira setiap jejari

ion halida.

Halida Dimensi a (Å)

KCl

KBr

KI

6.29294

6.60000

7.06555

(6 markah)

(b) Lukis struktur CaF2. Terangkan jenis kekisi bagi setiap ion komponennya.

Nyatakan bilangan jiran terdekat bagi setiap ion komponen itu.

(6 markah)

(c) Ruang atau lubang antara adalah kebiasaan dalam lapisan padat rapat

terdiri daripada sfera setara tersusun padat rapat. Terangkan dan kenalpasti

ruang tersebut dengan berbantukan lakaran.

(8 markah)

5. Pepejal aluminium klorida, AlCl3, mengewap membentuk dimer Al2Cl6 apabila

dipanaskan. Dimer ini bertindak balas dengan fosfina, PH3, membentuk sebatian

tambah Cl3Al:PH3. Pembentukkan kedua-dua dimer dan sebatian tambah ini

melibatkan ikatan kovalen datif.

(a) Apakah ikatan kovalen datif?

(2 markah)

(b) Dalam bentuk struktur Lewis, tuliskan persamaan berimbang yang

menunjukkan peranan atau penglibatan ikatan kovalen datif semasa

pembentukkan

(i) dimer Al2Cl6 daripada AlCl3 dan

(ii) sebatian tambah, Cl3Al:PH3 daripada tindak balas antara Al2Cl6

dan PH3.

(8 markah)

…35/-

Page 12: KTT 111 Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I]web.usm.my/chem/pastyear/files/KTT111_Sem1_2009_2010.pdf · KTT 111 – Inorganic Chemistry I [Kimia Takorganik I] Duration :

[KTT 111]

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(c) Dengan menggunakan teori ikatan penolakan pasangan electron petala

valens (VSEPR) dan berpandukan kepada Al sebagai atom pusat,

terangkan transformasi geometri molekul daripada AlCl3 ke dimer Al2Cl6

dan ke sebatian tambah Cl3Al:PH3.

(10 markah)

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