kertas dua(versiguru)

8/9/2019 Kertas Dua(Versiguru)

1/49

KERTAS DUA

Kertas dua mengandungi 3 bahagian iaitu A, B dan C. Bahagian A adalah soalan struktur dan bahagian B dan

C adalah soalan Esei.

A. SO

AL

A

N

BAHAGAN B.!Choose onl" oneNo.# or No.$% & '% (arks)

Konstruk yang diuji dalam bahagian B adalah seperti di bawah:

1. KNOWLEDGE ( 1 Mark)

1. Menyatakan definasi denan ayat !en"#

$. Men"%is for&"%a denan si&'o% dan &enyatakan &aks"d setia! si&'o%.

Contoh Soalan

i) *hat is meant b" s+ring onstant-

Contoh Jawapan:

Force perunit of extension of the spring//

k F/x! where kspring constant! F force! x extension of the spring

LATAN *KNOWLEDGE+

$. *hat is meant b" elastiit"-

"pakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kekenyalan# $% mark&

Contoh Jawapan:

'lasticity is the property of a substance which enables it to return to original shape ( si)e ( length

after an applied external force * compressi+e force or stretching force, is remo+ed-

'. *hat is meant b" eletromagnet-

"pakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektromagnet# $% mark&

Contoh Jawapan:

'lectromagnet is a de+ice in which magnetism is produced by an electric current // temporary magnet

made by winding a coil round a soft iron core and magnetic field produce when current flow

3. *hat is meant b" reration-"pakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pembiasan# $% mark&

" phenomenon when light tra+el in different medium with different densities . change in speed and

direction // the bending of light when tra+elling through different medium

,UESTON NO. ELEMENT-ONSTRUT MARKS

/

10

KNOWLEDGE ( !eneta#"an)

ONETUALSE (&enkonse!si)

UNDERSTANDNG (kefa#a&an)

RO2LEM SOL3NG (!enye%esaian &asa%a#

4"a%itati5e)

1

6

7

10


2/49

/. *hat is meant b" thermal equilibrium-

"pakah yang dimaksudkan dengan keseimbangan terma# $% mark&

hermal e0uilibrium states that the net rate of heat flow from one medium to another medium and +ice

+ersa is )ero// temperature for both medium is the same-

0. State one ator that aet the +ressure in li1uid.

1yatakan satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan dalam cecair- $% mark&

$. MENKONSES ( 6 Marks)

1. Me&'"at 8 &enyatakan !e&er#atian 9 Ke&a#iran Me&er#ati 8 2erfikir se:ara Kritis.

$. Me&'"at !er'andinan iait" &enyatakan !ersa&aan ata" !er'e;aan

?"ster" !er%" 'eri isi sek"ran@k"rannya 6 isi.

6. aBa!an dit"%is da%a& 'ent"k C!oint for&

onto# Soa%an

!a) 2iagram #.$ and 2iagram #.' sho to s+rings ( and N. Both s+rings are o the same material and

same ire thikness but ha4e dierent spring constant.

5sing 2iagram #.$ and 2iagram #.', om+are the mass loaded b" the s+ring, the diameter o the

s+ring and the e6tension o the s+ring.7elate the diameter o the s+ring and the e6tension o the s+ring

ith the s+ring onstant.

80 marks9

Contoh Jawapan:: mass in diagram 2-% is e0ual to the mass in diagram 2-3

: diameter of the spring in diagram 2-% is smaller compare to the diagram 2-3

: extension of the spring in diagram 2-% is shorter compare to the diagram 2-3

: the bigger the diameter of the spring the longer the extension of the spring

: the bigger the diameter of the spring the lower the +alue of spring constant

: the higher the +alue of spring constant the shorter the extension of the spring

DIAGRAM 9.1 DIAGRAM 9.2

4ensity/depth/acceleration due to gra+ity


3/49

LATAN *ONETUALSE+

$.

2iagram $%.$ 2iagram $%.'

!i) 5sing 2iagram $%.$ and 2iagram $%.' om+are the urrent lo, the amount o iron

iling and the magneti ield strength o the to eletrodes. 7elate the urrent lo and amount

o iron iling attrated b" the eletromagnet and the magneti ield strength.

5enggunakan 6ajah %7-% dan 6ajah %7-3 bandingkan pengaliran arus! kuantiti serbuk besi dan

kekuatan medan magnet kedua8dua elektrod- 9ubungkait pengaliran arus dengan kuantiti serbuk

besi yang tertarik kepada elektromagnet dan kekuatan medan magnet-

8 marks 9Contoh Jawapan:

- Current flow in diagram %7-3 is more than %7-% // +ice +ersa-- he amount of iron filing attracted by iron core in 4iagram %7-3 is more than %7-% // ++-- he magnetic strength in diagram %7-3 is more than %7-% // +ice +ersa-- "mount of iron filing attracted increase when current increase- he magnetic field strength increase when current increase

'.

2iagram #.$ 2iagram #.'

Based on 2iagram #.$ and 2iagram #.', om+are the rerati4e inde6, the rerated angle and the densit"

beteen medium A and medium B.

7elate the rerati4e inde6 ith the rerated angle and the rerati4e inde6 ith the ratio o sin o

inident angle, i to the sin o the rerated angle, r to dedue a +h"sis la that is in4ol4ed.

Berdasarkan 6ajah 2-% dan 6ajah 2-3! bandingkan indeks biasan! sudut biasan dan ketumpatan medium

" dan medium B- 9ubungkaitkan indeks biasan dengan sudut biasan dan indeks biasan dengan nisbah

sinus sudut tuju!i kepada sinus sudut biasan!r bagi menghasilkan hukum fi)ik yang terlibat-

8marks9

- he refracti+e index of " ; the refracti+e index of B

n = 1.2 n = 1.8


4/49

- he refracted angle of medium " < refracted angle of medium B- he density of medium " ; density of medium B- he greater the refracti+e index the smaller the angle of refraction- he greater the refracti+e index the greater the ratio of sin i to sin r

o we will not feel hurt-

'. E6+lain ho the generator orks to +rodue alternating urrent.

erangkan bagaimana penjana berfungsi untuk menghasilkan arus ulang alik- 8 = marks 9

: the strong wind abo+e the roof is mo+ing +ery fast-

: ?hile the air in the house is at rest-

: "ccording Bernoulli@s principle the higher the +elocity the lower the pressure-

: >o! the pressure abo+e the roof is smaller than pressure inside the house-

: " force is generated by the difference in pressure which is strong enough to lift the roof

3. E6+lain h" the roo o a house being lited b" strong inds.

erangkan mengapa bumbung sebuah rumah terangkat oleh angin yang kencang*ribut,- 8 = marks9

: ?hen the coil rotates the coil cut across the magnetic field lines


5/49

: Anduced current flow in the coil-

: he current maximum when the coil cut the magnetic field at right angle // current decreased

*become )ero, when the coil mo+e in parallel with magnetic field lines

: he direction of current flow determine by using Flemings right hand rule

: "fter 27o the direction of current in the external circuit re+ersed/

7. RO2LEM SOL3NG (4"a%itati5e) 9 10 Marks

$. Menena%!asti Masa%a#

'. Menana%isis Masa%a# 9 Ke&a#iran M-ana%isis

3. Men:ari kaeda# !enye%esaian &asa%a#

/. Men:adankan kaeda# enye%esaian

0. Men"%is ?aBa!an da%a& 'ent"k ?ad"a% (se!erti di 'aBa#)

: densit" o motor"le +arts

: engine +oer

: s+ring in sus+ension s"stem

: si?e o t"re

8 @ marks9

Contoh Jawapan

*i, . to absob the shock to make the rider feel more comfotable

to reduce +ibration

spring in suspension

system


6/49

*ii,

LATAN * RO2LEM SOL3NG (,"a%itati5e)+

1.

ou are re1uired to gi4e some suggestions to design a hang glider or rereation. 5sing an a++ro+riate

+h"sis one+t on motion, ores and the +ro+erties o materials, e6+lain "our suggestions based on the olloing

as+ets

"nda dikehendaki member cadangan untuk mereka bentuk glider untuk tujuan rekreasi- 5enggunakan konsep

fi)ik yang sesuai! cadang dan terangkan pengubahsuaian atau cara yang boleh dilakukan untuk meningkatkan

keberkesanannya berdasarkan kepada aspek8aspek berikut :

Si?e o the sail.

>ai) layer digunakan-

Su++orting able.

Kabel penyokong-

(aterial use or the sail.

Bahan yang digunakan untuk layer-

Assembl" and trans+ortation.emasangan dan pengangkutan-

(aterials use or struture like masterrame and sael" bar.

Bahan untuk struktur seperti rangka utama den @safety bar! 8$% marks9

Contoh Jawapan

ASPECT EXPLANATION

Bigger si)e of sailroduce bigger different in pressure

'asy to cut air resistance

>upporting cable made by steelwire

not easily breakincrease strength and rigidity

Dow densityDighter

Deast upward lift is needed

?aterproof 1ot absorb

Aspect Explanation

Dow density of motorcycle part Dighter

9igh engine power 8o produce high ecceleration

89igh resultant force

9igh spring constant 8he spring more stiffer

8Dess +ibration

?ide tyre 8increase stability

8 reduce pressure


7/49

water

9inged structureElider can easily assemble and folded

up for transportation-

>tructure from rigid

aluminum tube-

Dighter

Deast upward lift is needed

$.A ar needs an eiient h"drauli brake s"stem or saet" +ur+oses. Suggest and e6+lain ho to build a

h"drauli brake s"stem hih an untion eeti4el", based on the olloing as+et

>ebuah kereta memerlukan sistem brek hidrolik yang cekap bagi memastikan keselamatan di tahap yang

tinggi- Cadangkan dan jelaskan bagaimana untuk membina sistem hidrolik yang dapat berfungsi dengan

cekap berdasarkan aspect berikut:

:;he t"+e and harateristi o the brake luid

Jenis dan sifat bendalir brek

:;he si?e o the master +iston and sla4e +iston

>ai) omboh utama dan sai) omboh kedua

:;he material used or the luid transmision +i+e

Bahan yang digunakan untuk paip penghantaran cecair !$% marks)

Aspect Explanation

se oil Ancompressible/no air buble

9igh boiling point/low density 4oes not e+aporate easily/lighter

>mall 5aster piston o produce high pressure

Big sla+e piston o produce a big force on the disc

"luminium/steel for tansmision pipe >trong/does not rust easily

atelit pengawasan bumi telah jatuh ke dalam atmosfera bumi dengan halaju yang tinggi dan mencapai suhu

yang sangat tinggi- erkara ini adalah disebabkan oleh tarikan daya gra+iti dan rintangan angin-

5enggunakan konsep fi)ik yang sesuai! cadang dan terangkan pengubahsuaian atau care yang boleh dilakukan untuk

meningkatkan keberkesanannya berdasarkan kepada aspek8aspek berikut :

!i) rom e6treme heat >

daripada haba yang tinggi!ii) rom breaking u+ on landing

daripada pecah sewaktu mendarat 8 $% marks9

ESI!N EXPLANATION

"erodynamic shape o reduce air resistance

9eat shield / material that is hard to burn o protect the capsule

9igh melting point //ceramic 4o not melt

Danding in water // air bag Ancrease time of impact// 6educe

impulsi+e force

Dight material / / small mass // low

density

86educe the inertia //

8reduce the momentum //

8reduce impuls

aracute / /6etro rocket o reduce speed

9ard material // stiff composite 1ot easy to bend


8/49

2AAGAN . !Choose onl" one No.$$ or No.$') !'% (arks)

Konstruk yang diuji dalam bahagian C adalah seperti di bawah:

1. KNOWLEDGE (1 Mark)

Sama se+erti dalam Setion B

$. UNDERSTANDNG (7 Marks)

Sama se+erti dalam Setion B


9/49

LATAN * ALATON (4"antitai5e)+

1. 2iagram $'.3 shos a manometer ith arms o dierent

ross setion. Li1uid o densit" $'%% kg m:3is +oured into

the manometer. ;he le4el o li1uid is ound to be the same

at both arms o the manometer.

6ajah %3-G menunjukkan sebuah manometer dengan lengan

yang berbe)a keratan rentasnya- Cecair H dengan ketumpatan% 377 kgm8G diisi ke dalam manometer- aras cecair H

didapati sama pada kedua8dua lengan manometer-

i. E6+lain h" the le4el o li1uid in both arms o the manometer are e1ual.

erangkan mengapa paras cecair H pada kedua8dua lengan manometer adalah sama-

8' marks9

ii. 2iagram $'./ shos the ondition o li1uids hen another immisible li1uid, I, is +oured into

the right arm o the manometer. Calulate the densit" o li1uid I.

6ajah %3-= menunjukkan keadaan cecair apabila sejenis cecair yang tak bercampur! I! dituang kedalam lengan kanan manometer tersebut- 9itung ketumpatan cecair I-

83 marks9

Contoh Jawapan

8"tmospheric pressure at both side is e0ual

8ressure does not depends on si)e of arm

atm h%y g atm h3xg

* %7 x %7 83, * % 377 , * %7 , * % x%7 83, * x , * %7 ,

x L7 kgm

8G

$. 2iagram belos a iruit ontaining a transormer ammeter and to bulbs. ;he reading o the ammeter is

%.0 A and the to bulb lights u+ ith normal brightness.

Eambarajah di bawah menunjukkan litar yang mengandungi transformer! ammeter dan 3 mentol- Bacaan

ammeter adalah 7- " dan dua mentol tersebut menyala dengan kecerahan yang normal-

!i) *hat is the out+ut 4oltage o the transormer-

"pakah +oltage aoutput transformer#

!ii) Calulate the eiien" o the transormer.

Kira kecekapan transformer tersebut# 80m9

(i) 12V(ii) Ef = Output Power x 10%

Input Power Output Power =

2AG7A( $'.3 2AG7A( $'./


10/49

24 x 2 = 48 W Input Power =

VI =240 x

2 = 120 W= 48 X 100

120= 40 %

7. DESON MAKNG (10 Marks)

$. Menena%!asti :iri@:iri yan di'erikan.

'. Menerankan sifat setia! :iri yan di!i%i# dan se'a' di!i%i#.

3. Menent"kan 'a#an yan !a%in ses"ai 'erdasarkan :iri yan dinyatakan &en"nakan kaeda#

rankin ../. Me&'eri se'a' &ena!a 'a#an it" di!i%i#.

0. Men"%is ?aBa!an da%a& 'ent"k ?ad"a%.

onto# Soa%an

2iagram $$.' shos an ie ream ontainer used b" an ie ream seller using his motor"le.

2iagram $$.'

;able $$.3 shos the s+eiiation o our t"+es o ie ream ontainers J, , 7 and S, that an be

used b" an ie ream seller to arr" ie ream.

2o

/otak , R S

S!e:ifi: #eat :a!a:ity of i:e :rea&'o

High High Lo Lo

Si;e of i:e :rea& 'o Large Small Small Large

Materia% of o"ter 'o Co++er JC +lasti JC +lasti Aluminium

o%o"r of o"ter 'o 2ark Bright Bright 2ark

;able $$.3

ou are re1uired to determine the most suitable ie ream ontainer to arr" ie ream. Stud" the

s+eiiation o the our t"+es o ie ream ontainer based on the olloing as+ets

: S+eii heat a+ait" o ie ream bo6

: Si?e o ie ream bo6

: (aterial o outer bo6

: Colour o outer bo6E6+lain the suitabilit" o the as+ets

Contoh Jawapan


11/49

Aspect 0eason

Dow specific heat capacity of ice

cream box

'asy get cold // becomes cool 0uickly

>maller si)e of ice cream box 'asier to carry // easy too become cool

lastic MC oor conductor of heat

Bright colour of outer box 4oes not absorb heat from surrounding 0uickly

6 is chosen because Dow specific heat capacity of ice cream box!

>maller si)e of ice cream box! lastic MC! Bright

colour of outer box

LATAN * DESON MAKNG+

$.;able $' shos the s+eiiations o our ater storage tanks, J, , 7 and S, that an be used to

store ater in a housing estate.

Jadual %3 menunjukkan speksifikasi empat tangki penyimpan air! ! N! 6 dan >! yang digunakan

untuk menyimpan air untuk sebuah rumah dalam suatu kawasan perumahan-

*ater storage tank

angki penyimpan airJ 7 S

(aterial used

Bahan yang

digunakan

metal

logam

onrete

konkrit

onrete

konkrit

metal

logam

2ensit"

Ketumpatan

lo

rendah

high

tinggi

lo

rendah

lo

rendah

Sha+e

Bentuk

Height rom the

ground

inggi daripada bumi

lo

rendah

high

tinggi

high

tinggi

lo

rendah

;ABLE $'

ou are re1uired to determine the most suitable ater storage tank. Stud" the s+eiiations o all the

our ater storage tanks based on the olloing as+ets

"nda diminta untuk mengenal pasti tangki penyimpan air yang paling sesuai- Kaji spesifikasi keempat8

empat tangki penyimpan air itu berdasarkan aspek :

: ;he material used. Bahan yang digunakan: ;he densit" o the tank.Ketumpatan tangki

: ;he sha+e o the tank.Bentuk tangki

: ;he height o the tank rom the ground.Ketinggian tangki daripada bumi

E6+lain the suitabilit" o the as+ets.

erangkan kesesuaian aspek8aspek tersebut.

8$%

marks9

characteristics reason

5ade of concrete >tronger / 1ot easy to break

// metal can rust easily

low density lighter / the structure that hold the tank

able to withstand the weight of tankthicker wall at the bottom //

4iagram

able to withstand the higher pressure at the

bottom

height from ground is high to produce a greater difference in pressure

6 is chosen 5ade of concrete! low density!

thicker wall at the bottom! height from

ground is high


12/49

$. As a researher "ou are assign to in4estigate the +ro+erties o the metal in the table to be used as the

material to make a 1ualit" r"ing +an.

>ebagai seorang penyelidik anda ditugaskan untuk menyelidik sifat bahan yang digunakan untukmembina kuali yang berkualiti-

(etalBaha

n

S+eii heat

a+ait" muatan

haba tentu

kg$oC$

(elting

+oint takat leburoC

2ensit"ketumpatan

kg m:3

7ate o

7usting kadar

pengaratan

J /0% $0/% =@=3 High

7 @@%


13/49


14/49

Properties Explanation

Dow specific heat capacity 'asily to be hot

9igh melting point Can sustain high temperature

Dow density lighter

Dow rate or rusty >o that it do not rust

> is chosen Because of low specific heat capaity! high melting point!

low density and low rate of rusty-

SOALAN STRUKTUR.

/ 8 5'1EKO1>'>A

L 8 5O4AFAC"AO1

P 8 5"KA1E 4'CA>AO1

C"6" 5'1J"?"B >"5" >''6A >O"D"1 '>'A 8 C5" D'BA9 '14'K 4"1 54"9

onto# Soa%an Menkonse!si @ Terenan" $010

2iagram 0.$ shos a ater Fet s+urts out rom a hole in a tall 4essel at a distane , d$.

2iagram 0.' shos an oil Fet s+urts out rom a hole at the same de+th in a tall 4essel at a distane , d '.

6ajah -% menunjukkan suatu pancutan air keluar dari satu lubang pada satu bekas tinggi sejauh di-

6ajah -3 menunjukkan suatu pancutan minyak keluar dari satu lubang pada satu bekas tinggi pada

kedalaman yang sama sejauh d3-

*a, *hat is the meaning o densit"-"pakah yang dimaksudkan dengan ketumpatan#

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8$ mark9

*b, Obser4e 2iagram 0.$ and 2igaram 0.'. erhatikan 6ajah -% dan 6ajah -3-

Compare: Bandingkan:

!i) 2ensit" o ater and oil.Ketumpatan air dan minyak-

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8$ mark9

!ii) ;he distane d$and d'.Jarak d%! dan d3-

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8$ mark9

!iii) ;he +ressure +rodued b" the ater Fet and the oil Fet.

ekanan yang dihasilkan oleh pancutan air dan pancutan minyak itu-

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8$ mark9

!) Based on "our anser in !b), state the relationshi+ beteen the densit" and the +ressure o li1uid.

Berdasarkan jawapan anda di *b,! nyatakan hubungan antara ketumpatan dan tekanan cecair-


15/49

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8$ mark9

!d)2iagram 0.3 shos the loation o a house ater tank.

6ajah -G menunjukkan kedudukan tangki air pada sebuah rumah-

E6+lain h" the ater tank should be loated on to+ o the roo.

erangkan mengapa tangki air diletakkan di atas burn bung rumah-

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM.

83marks9


16/49

onto# Soa%an Modifi:ation @ S2 $010

2iagram = shos a i6ed oil is +laed in beteen an iron rod and a bar magnet.

6ajah L menunjukkan satu gegelung yang tetap diletakkan di antara sebatang rod besi dan sebuah magnet bar1

*hen the sith is losed, both o the iron rod and the bar magnet are attrated toards the oil.

"pabila suis dihidupkan! kedua8dua rod besi dan magnet bar tertarik kepada gegelung-

(a) State the +olarit" at I.1yatakan kutub di I-

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM..8$mark9

(') Suggest to modiiations that an be done in 2iagram = in order to inrease the ore o attrationbeteen the oil and the iron rod. Cadangkan dua pengubahsuaian yang boleh dilakukan dalam 6ajah

L bagi menambahkan daya tarikan antara gegelung dan rod besi-

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-QQQQ

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-8'marks9

(:) !i) *hat ill ha++en to the iron rod and the bar magnet hen the onnetions to the terminalso the batter" are re4ersed-

"pakah akan berlaku kepada rod besi dan magnet bar jika sambungan kepada terminal bateri

diterbalikkan-


QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ8'marks9

!ii) E6+lain "our anser in =!)!i).erangkan jawapan anda di L*c,*i,-



(d) ;he batter" is then re+laed b" a lo alternating urrent +oer su++l". ;he sith is then losed.Bateri kemudian ditukar dengan bekalan arus ulang8alik yang berkuasa rendah- >uis dihidupkan-

!i) 2esribe the motion o the iron rod.Jelaskan pergerakan rod besi-

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM..8$mark9

!ii) 2esribe the motion o the bar magnet.Jelaskan pergerakan magnet bar-


(e) 5sing "our ansers in =!) and =!d),state one a++liation o iron rod ith the oil in

e4er"da" lie.4engan menggunakan jawapan anda dalam L*c, dan L*d,! nyatakan satuaplikasi rod besi bersama gegelung dalam kehidupan harian-



17/49

onto# Soa%an Makin Di:ision @ Se%anor $00/

@. 2iagram @.$ and @.' sho a ilament bulb and an energ" sa4er bulb. ;hese to bulbs gi4es the same

amount o light intensit".

6ajah P-% dan P-3 menunjukkan mentol berfilamen dan mentol jimat tenaga- Kedua8dua mentol ini

menghasilkan keamatan cahaya yang sama

!a) ;he ilament bulb uses =0 * o +oer. *hat is meant b" eletrial +oer-

5entol berfilamen menggunakan kuasa sebanyak L: ?- "pakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kuasa elektrik #

M..MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM..8$mark9

!b) State the energ" transormation that ours in both bulbs.

1yatakan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam kedua8dua mentol-

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-Q8'marks9

ilament bulb

5entol ber ilamen

Energ" sa4er bulb

5entol imat tena aEnerg" onsumed +er seond

/enaga digunakan per saat=0 '%

5seul ork +er seond

/enaga berguna per saat$$.'0 $%

;able @Jadual P

(i) ;he ilament bulb onsumes =0 o energ" in one seond but it onl" deli4ers $$.'0 o useulenerg" +er seond. Name the asted energ" released b" the bulb-

5entol berfilamen menggunakan tenaga L: J dalam satu saat tetapi cuma mengeluarkan

%%-3: J tenaga berguna setiap saat- 1amakan tenaga yang diba)irkan oleh mentol itu-


(ii) Calulate the eiien" o the ilament bulb and the energ" sa4er bulb rom ;able @.9itungkecekapan mentol berfilamen dan mentol jimat tenaga dari Jadual P-

!/ marks)

!iii) *hih bulb is more eonomial to be used- Gi4e a reason or "our anser.

5entol yang manakah lebih jimat untuk digunakan-Berikan satu alasan untuk jawapan anda-



!d) Name oneeletrial a++liane used at home and state onea" to make it more eiient.

1amakan satualat elektrik yang digunakan di rumah dan nyatakan satucara untuk

meningkatkan kecekapannya-

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ--QQQQQQQQQQQQQ-QQQQ

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ8'marks9

ilament bulb '/% . =0*

'/% , '% *

5entol berfilamen 3=7M L: ?

2iagram @.$

6ajah P-%

ilament bulb '/% . '%*

'/% , '% *

5entol berfilamen 3=7M 37 ?

3=7M 37 ?

2iagram @.'

6ajah P-3


18/49

SOALAN STRUKTUR

Soa%an Menkonse!si 1

(a)(i) (ass +er 4olume

!a)!ii) 2ensit" o ater oil

!b)!ii) d$ d'

!b)!iii) Jressure o ater oil ater oil

!) ;he higher the densit" the higher the +ressureAs the densit" inreases the

+ressure inreases

!d) ;he dee+er the ater the higher the +ressure

;he +ressure in the tank in the house !in the ta+)

;he dierene +ressure +rodue ore to lo the

Soa%an Modifi:ation 1

= !a) North +ole $

!b) $. nrease the number o turns o oil

'. nrease magnitude o urrent redue resistane in the rheostat

!) !i) $. Sot iron rod is attrated to the oils

'. Bar magnet +ushed aa"

!ii) $. I beomes South +ole and still attrat the iron rod

'. beomes North +ole same +ole as the bar magnet ore o re+ulsion

!d) !i) ron rod is still attrated to the oil $

!ii) Bar magnet ill osillate 4ibrate $!e) 7ela" sith eletri bell et $

Soa%an Makin Di:ision 1

@ !a) ;he +oer o de4ie is the rate o hih it transers energ"

!b) Eletrial energ" to light energ" and heat energ"

!)!i) Heat energ"

!ii) ilament bulb

: $$.'0 6 $%%

=0 & $0

Energ" sa4er bulb

: $% 6 $%%

'% &0%

!iii) Energ" sa4er bulb

High eiien" less asted energ"!d) 7erigerator or an" other a++lianes

Choose rost:ree rerigerator not allo ros

ree?er lose the door tightl"

LAMRAN 1

KNOWLEDGE-DE=NATON

BAB ITEM DEFINATION

1Derived quantity(Kuantititerbitan)

A physical quantity derived fr! c!"inatins f "ase quantities thru#h!ultiplicatin r divisin r "th !ultiplicatin and divisin.

1 Error(Ralat) The difference between the measured value and the actual value.

1 Hyothesis(Hipotesis)A state!ent f an e$pected utc!e that usually states the relatinship "et%eent% r !re varia"les intended t "e #iven a direct e$peri!ental test.

1 Inference(Inferens) An initial interpretatin r e$planatin cncernin# the "servatin.

1&hysical quantity(Kuantitifizik)

A quantity that can be measured.

1 &refi$(Imbuhan) A %rd' letter r value used t si!plify the descriptin f the !a#nitude f aphysical quantity that either very "i# r very s!all.

1Rand! errr(Ralatrawak)

rrr due t !istaes !ade %hen !ain# !easure!ent either thru#h incrrectpsitinin# f the eye r the instru!ent %hen !ain# !easure!ent.

1Scalar quantity(*uantitisalar)

A physical quantity that has magnitue only!


19/49

1Scientificnotation"Stanar form(+entu pia%ai)

A way to write a numerical magnitue in the formA $ 1,' where #A #$ an n isan integer!

1 Sensiti%ity(*epeaan)&he ability of a measuring instrument to etect a small change in the quantity tobe measure!

1Systematic error(Ralatsiste!ati)

An error which may be ue to the error in the calibration of an instrument!

1 Variable(&e!"lehu"ah)A physical quantity that can be %arie in an e'periment! &here are three types of%ariables manipulate %ariable responing %ariable an fi'e %ariable!

1Vector quantity(*uantiti

vetr)A physical quantity that has magnitue an irection!

1 *ero error(Ralat sifar) +rror ue to non,zero reaing when the actual reaing shoul be zero

1 Accuracy(*e/ituan)Accuracy of a measurement is how close the measurement mae is to the actual%alue!

1-ase quantity(*uantitiasas)

A physical quantity that cannot be efine in terms of other quantities!

1 .onsistency(*epersisan).onsistency of an instrument is the ability of the instrument to measure a quantitywith little or no e%iation among measurements!

2 Dislacement(Sesaran)0he len#th f the strai#ht line cnnectin# the t% lcatins' in a specifieddirectin.

2 Distance(/arak) 0he ttal len#th f the path travelled fr! ne lcatin t anther.

2 fficiency(Kecekapan) 0he percenta#e f the input ener#y that is transfr!ed int useful ener#y.

2

Elastic otential ener!y

(&enaga keupayaankenyal)

0he ener#y stred in an "/ect %hen it is e$tended r c!pressed "y a frce.

2 Elasticity(Kekenyalan)A prperty f !atter that ena"les an "/ect t return t its ri#inal sie and shape%hen the frce that %as actin# n it is re!ved.

2 ner#y(&enaga) The caacity f a syste! t ena"le it t d %r.

2 Free fall(/atuh bebas)0he !tin %hen an "/ect is acted upn "y a #ravitatinal frce in the#ravitatinal field.

2"ravitational acceleration(0ecutan gra%iti)

0he acceleratin f an "/ect due t the pull f the #ravitatinal force#

2"ravitational field(1eangra%iti)

A re#in in %hich an "/ect e$periences a frce due t the #ravitatinal attractint%ards the centre f the arth.

2"ravitational fieldstren!th(Kekuatanmean gra%iti)

0he #ravitatinal frce actin# n a !ass f 1 # placed at a pint in the#ravitatinal field.

2"ravitational otentialener!y(&enagakeupayaan gra%iti)

0he ener#y f an "/ect due t its hi#her psitin in the #ravitatinal field.

2e3s la%(HukumHooke)

0he e$tensin f a sprin# is directly prprtinal t the applied frce prvided theelastic li!it is nt e$ceeded.

2 Imulse(Impuls) 0he quantity f i!pulsive frce !ultiplied "y ti!e.

2Imulsive force(2ayaimpuls)

The rate of change of momentum.

2 Inertia(Inersia)0he inertia f an "/ect is the tendency f the "/ect t re!ain at rest r' if!vin#' t cntinue its unifr! !tin in a strai#ht line.

2$inetic ener!y(&enagakinetik)

0he ener#y f an "/ect due t its !tin.

2 Mass(/isim) 0he a!unt f !atter in an "/ect.

2 Momentum(1omentum) 0he !!entu! f an "/ect is defined as the prduct f its !ass and its velcity.

2

Non%renewable ener!yresource(Sumber tenagayang tiak bolehiperbaharui)

An ener#y resurce that cannt "e replaced nce it has "een used.

2Rene%a"le ener#yresurce(Sumber tenagaboleh iperbaharui)

An ener#y resurce that is cntinually replaced and %ill nt run ut.

2Resultant frce(2aya

pauan)A sin#le frce that represents the c!"ined effect f t% r !re frces "y tain#int accunt "th the !a#nitude and the directin f the frces.

2 Spee(4a/u)&he istance tra%elle per unit time! It is also efine as the rate of change ofistance!

2 3elocity(ala/u) &he spee in specifie irection! &he rate of change of isplacement!

2 Weight(+erat) &he force of gra%ity acting on an ob4ect!

2 Work(*er/a)&he prouct of an applie force an isplacement of an ob4ect in the irection ofthe applie force!

2 Acceleration(&ecutan) &he rate of change of %elocity!


20/49


21/49

ceun#) passing through this lens!

5.on%e' lens(*antace!"un#)

A lens that is thickest at its centre! It causes parallel rays of light to con%erge afterpassing through this lens!

56ritical an!le(Suutgenting)

0he an#le f incidence in the denser !ediu! %hen the an#le f refractin in theless dense !ediu! is equal t 9,5.

6Diffractin f %aves(-elauan gelombang)

A phen!enn that refers t the spreadin# ut f %aves %hen they !ve thru#ha #ap r rund an "stacle.

6Electroma!neticsectrum(Spektrum

elektromagnet)

A #rup f %aves %ith si!ilar natures. 0he !e!"ers f the electr!a#neticspectru! arran#ed in increasin# frequencies (decreasin# %avelen#ths) are radi%aves' !icr%aves' infrared rays' visi"le li#ht' ultravilet rays' -rays and #a!!a

rays.

6 Frequency(6rekuensi)0he frequency f an scillatin is the nu!"er f c!plete scillatins !ade in nesecnd.

6 :de(:o) A pint %here a destructive interference ccurs.

6&rinciple f superpsitin(0rinsip superposisi)

&rinciple f superpsitin states that at any ti!e' the c!"ined %ave fr! f t%r !re interferin# %aves is #iven "y the su! f displace!ent f the individual%ave at each pint f the !ediu!.

6Reflectin f %aves(0antualan gelombang)

Reflectin f %aves ccurs %hen all r part f the %aves are deflected after theyencunter an "stacle r reflectr.

6Refractin f %aves(0embiasan gelombang)

Refractin f %aves ccurs %hen there is chan#e f directin f the prpa#atinf %aves travellin# fr! a !ediu! t anther !ediu! due t a chan#e f speed.

6 7a%e(Gel!"an#)A tra%elling isturbance from a %ibrating or oscillating source an carries energyalong with it in the irection of its propagation!

6 Wavefront(Mua#el!"an#) An imaginary line that 4oins all ientical points on a wa%e!

67a%elength(&an/an##el!"an#)

&he horizontal istance between two successi%e equi%alent points on a wa%e!

6 Amplitue(A!plitud)&he amplitue of an oscillation is the ma'imum isplacement from the mean

position!

6Angle of refraction(8udutpe!"iasan)

&he angle between the refracte ray an the normal!

6 Antinoe(Antind) A point where a constructi%e interference occurs!

6.oherent wa%es(Gel!"an# heren)

7a%es ha%ing the same wa%efront in which the coherent sources of wa%esmaintain a constant phase ifference!

6 Damin!(0elembapan)Da!pin# in an scillatin# syste! ccurs %hen the syste! lses ener#y t thesurrundin#' usually in the fr! f heat ener#y.

Electric current(Arus

elektrik)The rate of charge !o" in a circuit.

Electric field(1eanelektrik)

A re#in in %hich an electric char#e e$periences an electric frce.

Electric ower(Kuasaelektrik)

0he rate f electrical ener#y dissipated r transferred.

Electrical ener!y(&enagaelektrik)

0he ener#y carried "y electrical char#es %hich can "e transfr!ed t ther fr!sf ener#y "y the peratin f an electrical device r appliance.

Electromotive force(2aya gerak elektrik)

0he %r dne "y a surce in drivin# a unit char#e arund a c!plete circuit.

Internal resistance(Rintangan alam)

0he resistance a#ainst the !vin# char#e due t the electrlyte in the cell.

National "rid Networ'(Rangkaian 9ri :asional)

A net%r syste! f ca"les %hich cnnects all the p%er statins and su"statinsin the cuntry t the cnsu!ers in a clsed net%r t trans!it electricity.

&arallel circuit(;itar selari)

A circuit %here all the electrical c!pnents are cnnected side "y side and their

crrespndin# ends are /ined t#ether t a cell t fr! separate and parallelpaths fr a current t fl%.

&tential difference(-ezakeupayaan)

0he %r dne in !vin# ne cul!" f char#e fr! ne pint t anther.

&%er(Kuasa) 0he rate at %hich %r is dne.

Resistance(Rintangan) 0he rati f a ptential difference t a current fl%in# thru#h a cnductr.

Reverse "iased(0incangsongsang)

A state %hen a dide des nt all% current t fl%

Series circuit(4itar sesiri)A circuit where all the electrical components are connecte one en after theother to a cell to form a single pathway for a current to flow!

Alternating current(Arusulan#ali)

A current which flows to an fro in two opposite irections in a circuit! It changesits irection perioically!

8Electroma!net

(+lektromagnet)

A !a#net !ade "y %indin# a cil f insulated %ire rund a sft irn cre' s that a

!a#netic field is prduced %hen a current is passed thru#h the cil.

8Electroma!neticinduction(Aruhanelectromagnet)

0he settin# up f an electr!tive frce in a cnductr due t a chan#e in!a#netic flu$ caused "y the relative !tin f the cnductr and a !a#netic field.

8Faraday(s law(Hukum6araay)

0he !a#nitude f the induced e.!.f' is directly prprtinal t the rate f chan#ef the !a#netic flu$ r the rate f cuttin# f the !a#netic flu$.


22/49

8 4en3s la%(Hukum ;enz)0he directin f the induced current is such that the chan#e prducin# it %ill "eppsed.

8Ma!netic force(2ayamagnet)

A frce prduced as a result f the c!"inatin f the !a#netic field due t acurrent and anther !a#netic field prduced "y a per!anent !a#net.

8 &ransformer(0ransfr!er) A e%ice which steps up or steps own alternating current %oltages!

# Diode(2io) A device that all%s current t fl% in ne directin nly.

# Direct current(Arus terus) A current %hich fl%s steadily in ne directin nly in a circuit.

# Doin!(0engeopan)A prcess f addin# a certain a!unt f specific i!purities called dpants tse!icnductrs t increase their cnductivity.

# Emitter current(Aruspengeluar)

0he current that fl%s thru#h the e!itter ter!inal f a transistr. It is equal t thesu! f the "ase current and the cllectr current.

#Forward biased(0incanghaapan)

A state %hen a dide all%s current t fl%.

#Full%wave rectification(Rektfikasi gelombang

penuh)

A prcess %here "th halves f every cycle f an alternatin# current is !ade tfl% in the sa!e directin.

#Half%wave rectification(Rektifikasi gelombangseparuh)

A process "here on$y one ha$f of e%ery cyc$e of an a$ternating current ismade to !o" in one direction on$y.

# 4#ic #ate(9et logik) 8%itchin# circuit that is applied in c!puters and ther electrnic devices.

#Maltese )ross tube(&iub

palang 1altese)A special cathde ray tu"e %ith a Maltese 6rss in it %hich is used t investi#atethe prperties f cathde rays.

# Rectificatin(Rekfifikasi)A prcess t cnvert an alternatin# current int a direct current "y usin# a dider dides.

#Semiconuctor(8e!indutr)

A material which can conuct electricity better than insulator but not as well asconuctor!

#&hermionic emission(&ancaran ter!ini)

&he emission of electrons from the surface of a heate metal!

# &ransistor(0ransistr)An electronic e%ice which has three terminals labelle as base collector anemitter!

# -ase current(Arus tapa) &he current that flows through the base terminal of a transistor!

# Capacitor(*apasitr)A e%ice use for storing charges an to smooth out output current in a rectifiercircuit!

#.ollector current(Aruspen#u!pul)

&he current that flows through the collector terminal of a transistor! It will only flowwhen a suitable base current flows through the circuit!

1& Ga!!a decay(Reputangama) A radiactive decay %hich e!its a #a!!a ray phtn.

1& Ga!!a rays(Sinar gama) lectr!a#netic %aves %ith very hi#h frequency and shrt %avelen#th.

1&Genetic effect(Kesangenetik)

0he effect f radiatin that appears in the future #eneratins f the e$psedpersn as a result f radiatin da!a#e t reprductive cells.

1& Half%life(Setengah hayat)0he ti!e taen fr the nu!"er f undecayed nuclei t "e reduced t half f itsri#inal nu!"er.

1& Isotoes(Isotop)At!s f an ele!ent %hich have the sa!e prtn nu!"er "ut different nuclennu!"ers.

1&:uclear ener#y(&enaganuklear)

ner#y released "y a nuclear reactin as a result f a !ass defect.

1&:uclear fissin(0embelahan nukleus)

0he splittin# f a heavy nucleus int t% li#hter nuclei.

1& :uclear fusin(0elakurannukleus) 0he c!"inin# f t% li#hter nuclei t fr! a heavier nucleus.

1& :uclen(:ukleon) A su"at!ic particle fund in the nucleus.

1&:uclen nu!"er(:ombornukleon)

0he ttal nu!"er f prtns and neutrns in a nucleus.

1& :ucleus(:ukleus)A very s!all cre f an at! %hich cntains !st f the !ass and all f thepsitive char#e f the at!.

1&

&rtn nu!"er(:omborproton)

0he ttal nu!"er f prtns in a nucleus.

1&Radiactivity(Keraioaktifan)

0he spntaneus disinte#ratin f an unsta"le nucleus acc!panied "y thee!issin f ener#etic particles r phtns.

1& Radiistpe(Raioisotop) ;nsta"le istpes %hich decay and #ive ut radiactive e!issins.

1&Somatic effect(*esan

s!ati)&he effect of raiation that appears in a person e'pose to raiation!

1& Alpha ecay(Reputan alfa) A raioacti%e ecay which emits an alpha particle!

1& Alpha particle(


23/49

1& -eta particle(


24/49

/oo


25/49

oy$e@s a" oy$e@s a" states that the pressure of a ?ed mass of gas isin%erse$y proportiona$ to its %o$ume pro%ided the temperatureof the gas is


26/49

Fa%e$ength C+-TA*, bet"een successi%e points of the same phase in a"a%e

Camping C,:,A-, in the amp$itude of an osci$$ating system is ca$$eddamping.

:esonance :esonance occurs "hen a system is made to osci$$ate at afrequency equi%a$ent to its natura$ frequency by an e?terna$force. The resonating system osci$$ates at its ma?imumamp$itude.

*atura$ frequency B)*CA9,*TA B:,(),*0 of "hich an obEect %ibrates. +t is thefrequency of a system "hich osci$$ates free$y "ithout e?terna$force

:e!ection of "a%e :e!ection of "a%e occurs "hen a "a%e stri


27/49

conditions remain constant./A'T,: 3 ,,T:;9AD*,T+-9

9agnetic e$d :,D+;* in "hich a magnetic materia$ e?periences a force asthe resu$t of a magnet or a currentMcarrying conductor

:adia$ e$d 9AD*,T+ B+,C "ith the e$d $ines pointing to"ards or a"ayfrom the centre of a circ$e.

,$ectromagnetic

induction

':;C)T+;* of an e$ectric current by a changing magnetic

e$d conductor cuts across amagnetic !u? ;: a change ofmagnetic !u? $in


28/49

nuc$ei of rough$y equa$ mass and shooting out se%era$ neutronsat the same time.

*uc$ear fusion ':;,-- in%o$%ing the fusion of t"o or more sma$$ and $ightnuc$ei come together to form a hea%ier nuc$eus.

,instein@s'rincip$e of 9assM,nergyonser%ation

The change of energy is $in


29/49

;he higher the time im+at ill redue

im+ulsi4e ore.

So e ill not eel hurt.

#. 2iagram !a) shos to idential s+herial

+lastiine balls beore being released rom the

same height. 2iagram !b) shos the state o

the

+lastiine balls hen the" hit the ood and the

s+onge. t as obser4ed that the +lastiine

sto++ed more 1uikl" hen it hit the ood.

E6+lain the hanges in energ" that our rom

the moment the +lastiine ball is released until

reahes the +osition in 2iagram !b)

Beore released, the +lastiine has

Gra4itational Jotential energ" .

*hen alling , Gra4itational Jotential

energ" hanges to Kineti energ"

*hen the +lastiine hits the surae o

ood , the Kineti energ" hanges to

Heat energ" Sound energ"

;he energ" ork done is use to hanges

the sha+e o s+onge

$%. E6+lain ho the ores beteen the

moleules aused the elastiit" hen the s+ring is

om+ressed and strethed.

;here are to t"+es o ore> attration and

re+ulsi4e ore beteen the +artiles o the

solid.

*hen the solid is strethed, the moleules

dis+laed aa" rom eah other

Attrati4e ores are ating to o++ose the

strething *hen the solid is om+ressed, the moleules

dis+laed loser to eah other

7e+ulsi4e ores are ating to o++ose the

om+ression

$$. ;erangkan bagaimana anda boleh menentukan

ketum+atan bagi +en"umbat gabus.

timbang Fisim gabus

ikat gabus dengan +emberat dan masukan

dalam silinder +en"ukat

+erubahan isi+adu air bersamaan dengan

isi+adu gabus

ketum+atan gabus & Fisim +erisi+adu

$'. 5sing the +rini+le o onser4ation o

momentum, e6+lain the orking +rini+le o

the roket.

uel burns in the ombustion hamber

Hot gases e6+elled at high s+eed

bakards

A large bakards momentum is +rodued

;he roket gains orards momentum o

e1ual magnitude

$3. *h" the bo" ith mass /%kg slides don

the lume hen the angle o inlination is 3%o

and remains stationar" hen the angle o

inlination is $=.0o.!the ritional ore is

$'%N)

Bo" slide don hen om+onent o

eight +arallel to the slo+e is higher than

ritional ore

7esultant ore ating to +roduedaeleration

Bo" remain stationar" hen om+onent o

eight +arallel to the slo+e is e1ual to

ritional ore

7esultant ore is e1ual to ?ero make the

bo" in ore e1uilibrium

$/. E6+lain h" the boat mo4es aa" rom

the Fett" as a bo" Fum+s out o the boat onto

the ri4er bank.

*hen the bo" Fum+s onto the ri4er bank,his momentum is orard.

5sing the Jrini+le o onser4ation o

momentum

the total momentum beore and ater

Fum+ing is e1ual

;he boat mo4es bakard to balane the

orard momentum

$0. E6+lain h" the need o steel struture

and the se+arate om+artments to build in

lorr" arr"ing hea4" load.

;he inertia o lorr" and load is 4er" big

hen it is mo4ing

;he se+arate om+artments make the load

di4ided into smaller mass, thus reduing

the inertia o eah unit.

;he momentum o lorr" and load is 4er"

big hen it is mo4ing and +rodue a

bigger im+ulsi4e ore.

;he steel struture ill +re4ent the loads

rom smashing into the dri4erDsom+artment during emergen" braking.

$


30/49

;he obFet on the heel barro has a

eight

*hen e +ush the heel barro there is a

ore ating on the ground in the same

diretion as the eight.

So the total ore ating on the ground is

the eight and the ore +rodued hen

e +ush the heel barro. *hen e +ull the heel barro the ore

+rodued is in o++osite diretion ith the

eight.

So the total ore ating on the loor is a

eight less the ore +rodued hen e

+ull the heel barro

ATER

kertas dua(versiguru)

Documents