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STRUCTURAL DESfG OF A REINrORCED CO CRETE
FLOATI G PONTOON WITH A AC 'E WALKWAY
T A.J~ CHAN BOON
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
TA 2002
439
Tl61
2002
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P.KHIDMAT MAKlUMAT AKADEMIK
UN1MAS
111111111111111 II1I 1111111111 0000107255
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak KOla Sant8J'ahan
BOItANG PENYERAHAN TE5IS
JuduJ: Structural Design of a Reinforced Concrete Floating Pontoon wiill an Access Walkway
SESI PE GAJ1AN: J999 - 2002
Saya TAN CHAN BOON
(HURUF BESAR)
mcngaku membenorilan t
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APPROVAL SHEET
This project report attached here to, entitled "Structural Design of a
Reinforced Concrete Floating Pontoon with an Access Walkway" prepared and
submItted by Tan Chan Boon in partial fulfilment of the requlremenls for the
Degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Civil) is hereby read and approved by:
Date:_g_ ~__2-__°I-/_~-J/?
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STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOATING
PONTOON WITH AN ACCESS WALKWAY
TAN CHAN BOON
This report is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
Dachelor Degree in Civil Engineering (Hons.)
from the
Faculty of EnglDeering
University of Malaysia Sarawak
March 2002
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My sincere thanks to my supervisors, Mr. Anthony Law Ngo King. the
Managing Director of Jurutera Jasa (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd and Dr. Ng Chee Khoon
for thelI unwavering support and guidance received throughout the period of
thla project.
I alBo would Wee to express my sincere apprecultlon to StructuraL
Engineer of Jurutera Jasa (sARAWAK) SON BHD. Mr. Voon for his aaeiJltance
in completlng various taake.
I also wouLd like to express my sincere apprecialion to all the l!ection
leaders and engineers, and draughtepersons in JURUTERA JASA (SARAWAK)
SON BHD for their assistance in completing various task .
1n addition, I would like to thank Miss Norazzlina for her help regardmg
the usage of Staad III program and allowing me to borrow Staad III dongle.
Finally my appreciation goes to my family and friends for thelI love and
support.
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ABSTRACT
The project presented herein is the structural design of a reinforced concrete
floating pontoon with an acce88 wall-way. For the analysis and design purposes, two
8tructuralsoitwares were adopted, which are Staad ill and MicroFeap II.
This project is mainly concerned with the detail design of the reinforced
floating pontoon, truss analysis and timber decking for walkway. The British Code
of practices as 8UO, BS 5950 and BS 5268 are used respectively in this project.
The mooring and anchoring system is nol included in tllia project. Energy
absorption, for e~lImple, using rubber fenders or timber is also not included.
Output resulta generated by the software will be analysed and followed by
the structural elements design state. Eventually, detail drawings are produced to
illu8trate how structure is to be constructed on site.
This thesis is concludod in improving the reinforced concrete floating
pontoon wltb conclusion and some recommendations on the project are stated too.
II
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ABSTRAK
Projek tabun akbir ini meranglrumi rekabentuk struktur bagt. kOnkriL
pontun dan pelalu jalan kaki. Perisian struktur yang digunakan dalam
rekabentuk adalah Staad mdan MircoFeap U.
Tumpuan utama diberi kepada merekabentuk struktur bagi konkrit
pontun, kelruda dan kayu dek aahajaPiawaian kode yang digunakan adalah BS
8110, BS 5950 dan BS 5268 dalam projek ini.
Sistem tambatan dan penyerapan tennga oleh penangkia pukulan bdak
termll8uk dalam perbincangan projek ini.
Keputusan keluaran daripada perisian sturktur akan dikaji dan diikuti
dengan peringkat merekabentuk struktur binaan. Selepas itu luman struktur
akan dibll8ilkan untuk memberi gambaran mengenai struktur hinaan sebenar di
tapak binaan. Cadangan untuk kerja-kerja memperbaiki turut diberi.
ill
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LIST OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
• ABS'l'RACT 11
ABSTRAK Lii
L1ST OF SYMBOLS VIii
LIST OF CONTENTS IV
LIST OF FIGURES xv
UST OF TABLES XVI
CHAPTER 1 I NTRODU{,'TIO
1.1 [ntroduction 1
1. 2 Project, Objectives 2
l.3 Thesis Overview 2
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 General 4
2.2 History of floatlllg pontooo 5
IV
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CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDY AND METHODOLOGY
3. l
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4.1.1 Assumptions mad~ 33
4.1.2 Freeboard of the floating pontoon 37
U .3 Input Procedure for Staad III 38
4.1.4 Result.s (extracted from Appendix AI) 43
4.1.5 Summary of member end forces from St.aad ill analysIS 44
4.1.6 Manual calculation 46
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REFERENCES 77
APPENDIX A STAAD III INPUT AND OUTPUT DATA FOR 78
REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOATING PONTOON
APPENDIXBl STAAD III INPUT AND OUTPUT DATA FOR tOO
WALKWAY DESIGN - CONDITION I
APPENDIXB2 STAAD III INPUT AND OUTPUT DATA FOR 112
WALKWAY DESIGN - CONDITION II
APPENDIXC T ABl.E PROPERT! ES OF TIlE STEEL SECTION 124
APPENDIXD U-FRAME ANALYSIS USING MICROFEAP II : 127
INPUT AND OUTPUT DATA
VII
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SYMBOLS
For the purpose of this Chapter, the following symbols have been used. ThesIl have
largely been taken from BS 8110. Note that in one or two caaes the same symbol is
differently define
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yr
K
M
SHEAR
8,
v
v
v,
Characteristic imposed load
Cbaracwristic wind load
Charac(.(mahc atrength
Characteristic compressive cube strength of concrete
CharacterlBtic tensile strength of reinforcement
Partial Raf!'ty factor for load
Partlru safety factor for materialatrength
Coefficient given by MJ£.ubd'
Design ultimate moment
Design ultimat.e moment of reSlBtance
Area of tension reinforcement
Characteristic R!rength of linkll
Spacing of li.nks along the member
Design shear force due to ultimate loads
Design shear stress
Design concrete shear atre8S
1'otlll cr088"sectional area of shear reinforcement
LX
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For IbJB purp06e6 of tbJB 6ection, the following 6ymbols bave been used. These have
largely been taken from BS 5268.
GEOMETRr
h
h
A
I
Z
Bending
L
M
MR
Deflection
&
m
AL /{OPER1'IES
Breadth of beam
Depth of beam
Total cr08s-sectional Rrea
Radius of gyration
Second moment of area
Sect ion modulus
Effecttve Apan
Design moment
Moment of resis tance
Applied bending stress paraU€1\ to grain
Grade bending stress parallel to grain
Permissible bencling stress parallel to grain
1'olal denection
Bending deflection
Shenr deflection
Permisailile deflection
"
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E
Em..n
G
Shear
F,
t .
t.
t....
bearing
F
Ib
Compression
L
A.
N
Ot: fldm ,j r
Modulus of ela ticity
Mean modulus of elasticity
Shear modulus
Design sheaT force
Applied shear 8t ress parallel to gr8.Ul
Grade shear stress pa.rallel to grAin
Permiaaihle shear stress parallel w grain
Bearing force
Length of hearing
Applied compression stress perpendicular to gr8.Ul
Grade compression stress perpAndicuIar to grain
Permissible bending stress perpendicular to grain
Effective length of a coIllInn
Slcnderncsa ratio
Axial load
Apphed compression stress parallel to grain
Grade compression BITeRS parallel 1.0 grain
Perrrusswie compreSSiOn stress parallel to grain
Xl
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aen Uiled Tht'Re have
largely been taken from BS 5950
GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES
A Area of section
A. Gross sectional area ofsteel section
R Breadth of section
B Outstand of nange
D Depth of section
o Depth of web
1" I, Second moment of area about tbe major and minor RXt'1l
L Length of spa"
r., r Radius of gyration of a member abut its major and minor axes
S" ~ PlastiC modulus about the major Bnd rumor axes
l' Thickness of flange
l' Thickness of web
U Buckling parameter of the aechon
x Torsional mdex of sectlOn
7-4) Z). Elastic modulus about major and minor axes
Bending
X1l
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A, Shear area
E Modulus of elasticity
F, Tensile force
F. Shear force
L Actual length
Lt; Effective length
Mmfl • Maximum moment
M., Moment capacity
Mt. Buckling resistance moment
P. Shear capacity of a section
pc (',ilmpreasive strength of the ateel
p. Bending strength oftha steel
p, Design strength of steel
& COll8tant=(2751p,)·t,
/,. Slenderness ra tio
0 deflection
COMPRESSION
1\0 Grosa sectional area of steel section
L Actual length
Lt: Effective length
Mt. Buckling resistance moment
CONNECTIONS
xili
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T Thickness of ply
E End distance
F. applied shear force
F, Applied tension force
f, SheIlI' stress
Pol, Bearing CIIpacity of a holt
p". Bearing CIIpacity of parte connected by ordinary bolts
p. Shear CIIpacity of 0 holt
pbb Bearing strength of a holt
Pbtr Bearing strength of porta con~ected by friction grip fasteners
pt.o Bearing strength of parte connected by ordinary holtl!
p. Shear strength of 8 holt
Pt Tension strength of a bolt
p_ Design strength of 8 fillet weld
S Leg length of 8 fillet weld
xiv
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LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 3.1 Side Elevation showing poesibie poaition of floating pontoon 10
section; (d) L-section
Iaatie support 8tiffn088
frames
Fig. 3.2 Beam sectiOIl8: (a) Singly reinforced; (b) doubly reinfon:ed;(c) T- 18
Fig. 3.3 Common types of trusses 23
Fig. 3.4 SloeeI truss wa Ikway pIan for the project 24
Fig. 3.5 Buckling of main beams of half-through girder 25
Fig.3.6 U-frame restraint aclion.(a) Components ofU-Frame, (b) U-Frame 26
Fig. 3.7 Buckling made for half-through construction with flexible and 26
Fig. 4.1 Geometry modelling of floating pontoon USl.Dg Staad In program 34
Fig. 4.2 Top key plan of floating pontoon 35
Fig_ 4.3 Bottom key plan of floating pontoon 36
Fig. 4.4 Pontoon overall Iayout, elevation and detaila 71
Fig. 4.5 Pontoon key plan, beam and slab details 72
Fig. 4.6 Pontoon walkway plan and sectional details 73
xv
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IJS'I' OF TABLES
Table 3.1 TIde levels
• I
9
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T Thickness of ply
E End distance
Fe applied shear force
F, Applied tension force
(, Shear stress
Pbl> Bearmg capacity of a bolt
Pb. Bearing capacity of parts connected by ordinary bolts
P. Sbear capacity of a bolt
Phb Bearing strength of a bolt
Pb. Bearing strength of parts connected by fnction grip fasteners
ph. Bearing strength of parts connected by ordinary bolts
p; Shear strength of 8 bolt
p, Tension Atrength of 0 bolt
p_ Design strength of II fillet weld
S Leg length of a fillet weld
xiv
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CllAP'rER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
FJoatmg pontoon L8 a broad, flat'bottomed floating structure generally
rectangular in shape, used for many purposes in a port, as a ferry landmg place,
a pIer head, or alongside a vessel to assist in loading or discharging.
Historically floating pont.oona are used chiefly to support a bridge, to
raise a sunken shIp, or to float a hydroplane or a floating dock. Pontoons have
been built f wood. of hades stretched over wicker frames, of copper or tIn sheet
metslsheathed over wooden frames. of aluminum. of concrete and of steel.
Pontoons for raising sunken ships are watertight cylinders that are filled
with water, sunk, and fastened to the submerged ship; when emptied by
compressed air. they float the ship to the surface. A pontoon lifeboat conaists of a
raft. supported by watertight cyhnders.
The modem permanent pontoon is composed of many compartments, so that if a
leak occurs in one compartment, the pontoon will not SInk. Permanent pontoons
are fastened together and several anchors are dropped from each. However in
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this project, the pontoon unit is small Therefore no compartmentation is
mtroduced. The partition wall makes the reinforced concrete box unit too heavY.
1.2 Project Objectives
The main objective of this project is to perform a structural design of II
reinforced ncrete floating pontoon with an access walkway based on BS 8110:
Part 1 (1985), BS 5950 (990). BS 5268 (1996) and BS EN 388 (1995).
In designing the reinforced concrete floating pontoon, computE'r analysis
and manual calculation are used. For steel truss and cross members design,
computer software is used. Timber decking design ill based on manual
calculation according to BS 5268 (1996).
Detail structural drawmgs are also included to illustrate how the
structure is constructed on the site.
1.3 Thesis Overview
This thesis describes the project of structural design of a reinforced
concrete floating pontoon with an access walkway. Following the introduction,
the next chapter gives an overview of the floating pontoon lllcluding a brief
history and background of floating pontoons.
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The description about the case study and methodology are in Chapter 3 of
this report where it focuses on the specification and the procedures involved in
designing the reinforced concrete floatmg pontoon, timber declung and aocess
walkway design. Chapter 4 is concerned with the detailed design and calculation
of reinforced concrete floating pontoon with an access walkway. Chapter 4 alae
included the detailed structural drawings for reinforced concrete floating
pontoon and aocess walkway. The thesis is concluded in Chapter 5.
3