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CHAPTER 3 : SAFETY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Keselamatan semasa melakukan kerja dan semua peralatan seperti mesin,kimpalan dan juga barangan kimia sentiasa terdedah kepada jenis bahaya jikaperalatan penyalahgunaan atau kerana yang cuai apabila menggunakan peralatandan menjalankan kerja-kerja di kilang.Keselamatan dan undang-undang di sebuahkilang yang sangat wajib dan semua pekerja mesti berjaga-jaga dengan kaedah-kaedah masa untuk mengambil keselamatan penjagaan sendiri untuk pekerja.Risiko yang melibatkan kemalangan, kehilangan nyawa dan kecederaan bolehdikurangkan jika kita mengikut peraturan-peraturan keselamatan.Ini juga bolehmencegah kerosakan mesin atau peralatan lain. Oleh itu, apa-apa kemalangan
hendaklah dilaporkan dengan segera kepada orang-orang yang yangbertanggungjawab sama ada ia kemalangan kecil atau besar.
3.1.1 Step To Prevent General Accident
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Their are four main factor to prevent any accident to happen inside a factory:
1. Working behavior
2. Own safety
3. Safety during operating machine equipment
4. Tidy work place
3.1.2 Working Behavior
Worker must have the spirit or power and a good working behavior when at the
factory .This attitude can prevent accident. The example of good behavior is:
1. Clean and good appearance
2. Responsible
3. Tolerate with other worker
4. Concentrate and focuse when doing
3.1.3 Own Safety
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1. Kemalangan biasanya berlaku kerana kecuaian kami dan tidak mengambil
berat tentang aspek keselamatan sehingga kemalangan berlaku. Ini bolehmenghalang jika kita mengikut peraturan-peraturan dan contoh kaedah-kaedah:1. Pakai kain yang sesuai dengan persekitaran kerja atau suitible denganapa peralatan yang kita gunakan (Rajah 3.1.3). Pakaian keselamatan dibengkel kimpalan tidak sama dengan pakaian keselamatan yang kitagunakan di bengkel mesin pelarik.2. Mesti kemas dan pendek. Berambut panjang adalah sangat berisikokerana ia boleh menyebabkan rambut tersangkut di mesin contohnya dimesin pelarik atau mesin lain yang berputar.3. Jangan bermain apabila di bengkel sama ada dengan rakan atau pekerjalain terutamanya apabila menggunakan mesin. Jangan gunakan barang
kemas seperti cincin, kalung dan kerana boleh tersangkut pada peralatanmesin atau lain-lain
2. .
Figure 3.1.3 Safety Attire
2.1.4 Safety During Operating Machine Equipment
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Their are many kind of safety rules and all of its depend on where is the
place and what is the work. This chapter will only explain some of the
main safety rules. Mainly, the accident when using a machine can be
prevent with:
1. Every machine must have good or perfect earth connection to
prevent short circuit and electric shock. This is ussually for welding
machine.
2. Do not touch or play with sharp equipment like tool bit, grinding
machine
.
Figure 3.1.4 Safety Attire in welding
2.1.5 Tidy work place
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A tidy and clean working enviroment not just can prevent accident from
happen but increase the quality of work and even can save time to finish
the work. A good working enviroment also make the worker more
comfortable doing his or her work. Thus, this step must be taken:
1. Put back the equipment to its original or proper place after use.
2. Prevent the oil or slippery liquid to leak on the floor . If it leak, wipe
it with a cloth until it cleans and not slippery.
3. Do not let the chip or metal scrap on the floor or area near the
machine.
4. The workshop must have a proper ventilation and a workshop must
also have a mark area to work mark with a lines or call safety lineto divide walk way and work place.
5. A workshop must have a emergency exit.
6. A fire extinguisher also important and must be put at a location that
easy to be seen and achieve.
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Figure 3.1.5A Example of a slippery floor
Figure 3.1.5B Fire Extinguisher
3.2 THE IMPORTANCE USING SAFETY EQUIPMENT AND CLEAN
ENVIROMENT
Using a safety equipment like goggles, safety spectacles and clean
enviroment is important to prevent any unwanted accident happen like:
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3.2.1 Goggle
Goggle is a eye shield that is very important because It protect the eye fromthe spark of the weld during welding
Figure 3.2.1 A goggle
Use of goggle:
1. Prevent the eye to damage because the bright light that emites during the
welding process.
2. Prevent from spark of the weld get into the eye or also during using a lathe
machine because the chip from the work piece also can damage.
3. Save the eye from injury when an equipment or sharp tool get into our eye.
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3.2.2 Safety Spectacle
Figure 3.2.2 The Use of safety spectacles during cutting process
The uses:
1. Safety spectacles uses is almost the same as goggle but safety spectacle is
not suitable for welding.
2. Use to protect eye.
3.2.3 Clean Enviroment
Clean and tidy environment of a working place will give a more comfortable
situation and also safe . For example, if the floor at the working areas is full with oil
leak then this will cause danger and accident to happen . But,in a clean situation ,
we can prevent accident better because we know all the equipment is arrange in
order and tidy.
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3.2.4 Misuse of Safety Equipment
Cloth and safety equipment must be wear properly and also correctly .
Besides that, it must be wear suitable with the work we do.If we do not use the
safety attire properly than we have risk to get injure for example when we using a
machine.
3.2.5 Gloves
Their are many kind of glove and a glove have many kind of shape , size and
type that different arrange according to the uses. For example , gas welding glove is
made from a rough material or leather but the sizes is small and thin . But as for arc
welding gloves is made from hard material and bigger in size . The glove for the
general use is made from rough thread. Therefore, when someone use the gas
welding glove to do arc welding work the probability to get injure is high. This
situation can happen because that glove is big enough to cover his or her wrist and
the spark are able to touch the skin. The glove that not suitable is easy to get burn
during the welding or when holding a hot material. Besides that, a gloves also easyly
to stuck in grinding machine when it is use to sharpen the tool bit.
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Figure 3.2.5 Glove that use for arc welding
3.2.6 Wiping Cloth
Wiping cloth should be use at suitable place like wiping the oil on tyhe floor ,
to wipe our hand and other. But sometime, this equipment can cause injury when it
did not use properly and wrongly. For example, if it is use to wipe the chip at the
lathe machine or the chip at the drill machine, the chip will stuck in the wiping cloth
and the sharp chip can injure our hand. Wiping the work piece during lathe machine
or drilling machine is spinning can cause injuries because the wiping cloth can get
stuck and cause injuries.
3.2.7 Grinding Machine Without It Shield
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The shield of the grinding machine is use to prevent the spark from the
grinding wheel hit the user. Beside that, it also use to protection from flying work
piece. The grinding machine without it shield is very dangerous.
3.2.8 Uncomplete Safety Attire
Safety attire must be wear properly and neatly . this is important to make sure
safety is at it maximum level when a unwanted accident happen. If we use
uncomplete safety attire, injury can happen. For example, if we wear apron not
properly and we did not tied the apron , it can cause the apron the get stuck in a
spinning machine and others.
Figure 3.2.8 Apron
3.2.9 Safety Boot
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Safety boot is use to protect our foot from injuries from a sharp material for
example nail.It also to design to resist a heavy load . It has a rubber base and
usually made in leather. It has a steel material to cover our toes.
Figure 3.2.9 Safety Boot
3.2.10 Hard hat
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A hard hat is compulsory when working in a construction industries. The use
of this safety equipment is to protect our head from any falling object above us. It is
very important because its protect our head and our head is the most important part
of our body.
Figure 3.2.10 Hard Hat
3.2.11 Chemical Substance
The chemical can couse injuries if we inhale it or swallow it. This is some of
the safety rules involving chemical substances:
1. If contact with eye, immediately wash with a lot clean water and get a medical
help.
2. If contact with skin , wash it immediately with water.
3. If swallow , get medical attention immediately.
4. Use a suitable attire when facing with chemical work.
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Figure 3.2.11 High Quality Rubber Glove for Chemical Industries
8.3 THE DIFFERENCE OF THE SAFETY FACTOR
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The difference between own safety , equipment , arc welding machine, gas welding
machine:
BIL OWN SAFETY EQUIPMENT
ARC
WELDING
MACHINE
GAS
WELDING
MACHINE
1.
To prevent
physically
injuries
To prevent
damage
To prevent
damage
To prevent
fire and
explode
2. Suitable attire
Make sure it is
in a good
condition
Make sure it is
in a good
condition
Make sure it
is in a good
condition
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3. Wear safety attire
Make sure it is
in a good
condition
Good ventilation
system to
prevent inhale of
poison gas
Good
ventilation
system
4. Wear safety attire
The safety
barrier is not
broken
Good earth
connection
Check the
equipment
before uses
and make no
leakage
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3.3 CONCLUSION
As the conclusion, safety rule is very important because it can save us
from injuries and even save us from death. Therefore , follow the safety procedure
to keep ourself in a safe condition. Remember the world definition for safety that is
safety means no accident.