birds of malaysia

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Important Bird Areas in Asia – Malaysia

■■■■■ MALAYSIA

KEY HABITATS AND BIRDS

• Tropical forest was the original habitat throughout most ofMalaysia, including lowland rain forest (Biome AS14: Sundaiclowland forest, SA 098: Sabah lowlands and SA 102: Malayanpeninsula lowlands). The lowlands of both Peninsular and EastMalaysia have suffered widespread forest clearance andfragmentation, but some large forest IBAs remain withimportant populations of threatened lowland forest specialists.These include three species confined to the Thai-Malay Peninsula(Malaysian Peacock-pheasant Polyplectron malacense, White-fronted Scops-owl Otus sagittatus and Plain-pouched HornbillAceros subruficollis), five confined to Borneo (Wattled PheasantLobiophasis bulweri, Bornean Peacock-pheasant Polyplectronschleiermacheri, Blue-headed Pitta Pitta baudii, Black-browedBabbler Malacocincla perspicillata and Bornean Wren-babblerPtilocichla leucogrammica), and several found in both Peninsularand East Malaysia, such as Storm’s Stork Ciconia stormi, Short-toed Coucal Centropus rectunguis and Straw-headed BulbulPycnonotus zeylanicus.

• There are extensive tropical montane rain forests (Biome AS15:Sundaic montane forest, EBA 157: Bornean mountains and EBA158: Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia) in the mountains ofPeninsular and East Malaysia. Several threatened species occurin this habitat, including Mountain Peacock-pheasantPolyplectron inopinatum and Malayan Whistling-thrushMyophonus robinsoni in Peninsular Malaysia and MountainSerpent-eagle Spilornis kinabaluensis in East Malaysia.

• Forests on the coast and on small offshore islands (SA 097: North-east Bornean islands) support some specialised island species suchas the threatened Grey Imperial-pigeon Ducula pickeringii.

• Certain coastal wetlands in both Peninsular and East Malaysiasupport important concentrations of waterbirds, and some havepopulations of threatened waterbirds such as Chinese Egret Egretta

eulophotes, Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea and Lesser AdjutantLeptoptilos javanicus.

CONSERVATION INFRASTRUCTURE ANDPROTECTED AREAS SYSTEM

There is no single comprehensive legislation in Malaysia that relatesto biological diversity conservation and management as a whole,and much of the legislation is sector based. State governments havejurisdiction over their forest resources, with the federal governmentproviding guidance on management and development. A NationalPolicy on Biological Diversity was developed after the Earth Summitin 1992 and was endorsed by the Government in 1997. The Policyaddresses biological diversity issues across sectors and containsconservation strategies and action plans.

Several government agencies have responsibilities for theconservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The FederalForestry Department, part of the new Ministry of Natural Resourcesand Environment (MNRE), is responsible for the administrationand management of all forest resources in Peninsular Malaysia, andthe establishment of the Permanent Forest Estate (PFE) there. TheConservation and Environmental Management Division, part ofMNRE, formulates and coordinates policies, strategies and actionprogrammes related to environment and conservation, and takes anoverview of the operational activities of the relevant departments.The Department of Environment (DOE), also under MNRE,administers and enforces the Environmental Quality Act 1974 andassesses development projects through EIA studies. The Departmentof Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN), also under MNRE,creates and manages National Parks, Wildlife Reserves and WildlifeSanctuaries within Peninsular Malaysia and enforces the Protectionof Wild Life Act 1972 in the Peninsula. The Fisheries Department,under the Ministry of Agriculture, manages marine fisheries, but

Most of Borneo’s endemic bird species are found in the forests and alpine habitats on Mount Kinabalu (IBA 21). (PHOTO: KOJI TAGI)

LAND AREA 329,758 km2 HUMAN POPULATION 22,300,000 (68 per km2)NUMBER OF IBAs 55 TOTAL AREA OF IBAs 50,994 km2 STATUS OF IBAs 21 protected; 8 partially protected; 26 unprotected

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the section on marine parks has been transferred to MNRE: itdevelops, administers and manages the waters of the 38 gazettedmarine parks in Malaysia.

Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo) haveseparate laws and government agencies. In Sarawak forest resourcesare under the jurisdiction of the Sarawak Forest Department, butmany of its activities including enforcement and the management ofparks and wildlife sanctuaries are privatised to the Sarawak ForestryCorporation. The Natural Resources and Environment Board takeson in Sarawak some of the functions of the Department ofEnvironment. In Sabah the Sabah Forestry Department is theauthority for protection and management of forest resources, andunder the Sabah Forestry Enactment 1984 the department hasjurisdiction over Wildlife Reserves (e.g. Tabin and Kulamba WildlifeReserves). The Sabah Wildlife Department is responsible for WildlifeSanctuaries (e.g. Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary) and for birdsanctuaries previously gazetted under the Land Ordinance (e.g.Mantanani, Sipadan). Sabah Parks is a statutory body responsiblefor three large and important forested parks (Kinabalu, CrockerRange, Tawau Hills) and three island groups (Pulau Tiga, TurtleIslands, Tunku Abdul Rahman Park). The Environmental ProtectionDepartment in Sabah manages the Environmental ImpactAssessement (EIA) process. Two important conservation areas,Danum Valley and Maliau Basin, are within the concession area ofthe Sabah Foundation, and thence under the ultimate control of theSabah Forestry Department and Sabah State Government.

Sabah and Sarawak each have state-level laws governing accessand benefit-sharing of genetic resources. National legislation doesnot yet exist on this. Several government research institutions aremandated to carry out activities related to conservation andsustainable utilization of biological diversity, e.g. the Forest ResearchInstitute Malaysia (FRIM).

The current network of terrestrial protected areas in Malaysia isestimated to total 18,276 km2 of National Parks, State Parks, WildlifeSanctuaries, Wildlife Reserves, Conservation Areas, Bird Sanctuariesand River Terrapin Reserves, including 10,414 km2 in PeninsularMalaysia, 3,887 km2 in Sabah and 3,976 km2 in Sarawak (but notethat the protected area legislation is different in these three regions

of the country). An additional 34,000 km2 of natural forest havebeen designated as protection forest and protected as watercatchment areas, meaning that in total just over 29% of the naturalforest in Malaysia has some form of official protection. A networkof Virgin Jungle Reserves (VJR) in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabahprotects a limited range of biological diversity in small forested areasas gene pools within larger (usually commercial) forest reserves oragricultural areas. In the marine environment, the waters surrounding40 offshore islands in Peninsular Malaysia and Labuan (FederalTerritory) have been gazetted as Marine Parks. In addition, twoFisheries Prohibited Areas have been declared, Tanjung Tuan/PulauBesar in Peninsular Malaysia and Talang-Satang National Park inSarawak. Three National Parks in Sabah (Tunku Abdul Rahman,Turtle Islands and Pulau Tiga) also protect coastal and marineecosystems. Several important habitats are under-represented in theprotected areas system described above, for example mangroveforests, peat swamps and freshwater swamps.

OVERVIEW OF THE INVENTORY

• The 55 IBAs include 18 in Peninsular Malaysia, 14 in Sabah, 22in Sarawak and one oceanic island.

• Of the 55 IBAs in Malaysia, 50 support globally threatenedspecies, 31 have restricted-range species, 42 have biome-restricted species and 14 qualify as IBAs because they hold largecongregations of waterbirds, seabirds or raptors.

• The main habitat in 36 IBAs is forest, six are coastal wetlands,ten have both forest and wetlands, and three are offshore islands.

• The IBAs contain the most extensive remaining lowlanddipterocarp forests in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak,with the Sundaic lowland forest biome represented in 42 IBAs.They also include large areas of Sundaic montane forest, withthis biome present in 20 IBAs, and two IBAs supportpopulations of birds specialised to forest on small islands.

• The following large forest IBAs are of outstanding importancefor threatened Sundaic forest birds: in Peninsular Malaysia,Belum-Temenggor (IBA 7), Central Titiwangsa Range (IBA 9),

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Map 1. Location and size of Important Bird Areas in Peninsular Malaysia.

Area of IBA (ha)

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100 to 999

1,000 to 9,999

10,000 to 49,999

50,000 to 99,999

100,000 to 999,999

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Table 1. Important Bird Areas in Peninsular Malaysia (see Map 1).

AP = IBA is wholly or partially an Asia-Pacific Waterbird Network site; R = IBA is wholly or partially a Ramsar Site

Endau-Rompin (IBA 13), Panti forest (IBA 14), Krau WildlifeReserve (IBA 16) and Taman Negara National Park (IBA 17);in Sabah, Mount Kinabalu (IBA 21), Kinabatangan floodplain(IBA 23), Danum Valley Conservation Area (IBA 24), MaliauBasin Conservation Area (IBA 25) and Tabin Wildlife Reserve(IBA 27); and in Sarawak, Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary(IBA 43) and Mulu-Buda Protected Area (IBA 53).

• Most of the wetland IBAs in Malaysia are coastal, and theprincipal habitats are mangrove forest and intertidal flats.

CONSERVATION ISSUES

• The forest IBAs in Malaysia face a wide variety of threats,including legal and illegal logging, conversion to oil palmplantations and for agriculture, infrastructure development (e.g.new roads), forest fires, mining and hunting.

• Danum Valley Conservation Area (IBA 24) and Maliau Basin(IBA 25) are an integral part of the much larger SabahFoundation Concession Area, one of the largest remainingexpanses of lowland forest in the Sundaic region. Part of the thisconcession has been threatened in the past by plans to establish a3,000 km2 acacia plantation which would have resulted in theclearance of good quality dipterocarp forest, and separated thesetwo IBAs thus undermining their biological integrity and viability.Although plans for acacia have been shelved, alternative plansfor oil palm in parts of the area are emerging. It is important thatthe conservation of these two IBAs is advanced in an integratedway with the sustainable management of natural forestthroughout the Sabah Foundation Concession.

• Threats to wetlands include conversion to aquaculture,expansion of rice cultivation, logging of mangroves, pollution,hunting and disturbance at waterbird nesting colonies.

• Twenty-one (38%) of Malaysia’s IBAs are officially protected,eight (15%) are partially protected, and 26 (47%) are unprotected.

SOURCES OF IBA DATA

This list of IBAs was compiled by the Malaysian Nature Society,the BirdLife International Partner in Malaysia. The compilationteam was Yeap Chin Aik, Anthony Sebastian, Lim Kim Chye and

Geoffrey Davison. The information on conservation infrastructureand protected areas was compiled by Geoffrey Davison.

REFERENCES

MALAYSIAN NATURE SOCIETY (1974) A blueprint for conservation in PeninsularMalaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 27: 1–16.

MALAYSIAN NATURE SOCIETY (in prep.) The MNS Blueprint for the Millennium.

Lowland forest in Perlis State Park in the NakawanRange (IBA 1). (PHOTO: MALAYSIAN NATURE SOCIETY)

1 Nakawan Range Partially protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3Admin region Perlis Coordinates 6°34’N 100°12’E Altitude 18–733 m Area 28,600 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Aquila clanga, Treron capellei, Alcedo euryzona, Rhinomyias brunneata ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

2 Ulu Muda Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3Admin region Kedah Coordinates 6°05’N 101°00’E Altitude 100–1,260 m Area 115,300 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Heliopais personata, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Aceros subruficollis, Pycnonotus zeylanicus ■ Biomes AS14:Sundaic lowland forest

3 Teluk Air Tawar-Kuala Muda coast Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A4iAdmin region Pulau Pinang Coordinates 5°31’N 100°26’E Altitude Sea-level Area 7,200 ha Habitats Artificial landscapes (terrestrial); Wetlands■ Threatened species Leptoptilos javanicus, Tringa guttifer ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Congregatory waterbirds Ardeola bacchus

4 Bintang Range Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Admin region Perak Coordinates 4°37’N 100°50’E Altitude 60–1,862 m Area 184,355 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Aquila clanga, Polyplectron inopinatum, Centropus rectunguis, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Rhinomyias brunneata■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 158: Peninsular Malaysian mountains ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

5 Matang coast Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A4iAdmin region Perak Coordinates 4°55’N 100°30’E Altitude Sea-level Area 43,502 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands■ Threatened species Egretta eulophotes, Mycteria cinerea, Leptoptilos javanicus, Heliopais personata, Tringa guttifer ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Congregatorywaterbirds Nycticorax nycticorax, Tringa totanus, Numenius arquata, Numenius phaeopus, Limosa limosa

6 Pondok Tanjung Forest Reserve Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3Admin region Perak Coordinates 5°05’N 100°45’E Altitude 6–373 m Area 6,718 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Leptoptilos javanicus, Centropus rectunguis ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

7 Belum-Temenggor Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Admin region Perak Coordinates 5°39’N 101°30’E Altitude 130–1,533 m Area 283,037 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Spizaetus nanus, Heliopais personata, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Aceros subruficollis, Pycnonotuszeylanicus ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 158: Peninsular Malaysian mountains ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

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Table 1 ... continued. Important Bird Areas in Peninsular Malaysia (see Map 1).

Taman Negara National Park (IBA 17) is of outstanding importance for threatened Sundaic forest birds. (PHOTO: MIKE CROSBY/BIRDLIFE)

8 Kledang Range Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3Admin region Perak Coordinates 4°39’N 101°02’E Altitude 50–1,058 m Area 31,944 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Pycnonotus zeylanicus ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

9 Central Titiwangsa Range Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Admin region Pahang; Perak Coordinates 4°13’N 101°29’E Altitude 90–2,138 m Area142,872 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Spizaetus nanus, Polyplectron inopinatum, Heliopais personata, Treron capellei, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Myophonusrobinsoni, Luscinia ruficeps, Rhinomyias brunneata ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Endemic Bird Areas 158: Peninsular Malaysian mountains ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaiclowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

10 Hulu Gombak-Sungai Lalang forest Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Admin region Selangor Coordinates 3°11’N 101°49’E Altitude 50–1,493 m Area 48,641 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Melanoperdix nigra, Lophura erythrophthalma, Polyplectron inopinatum, Polyplectron malacense, Treron capellei,Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Rhinomyias brunneata ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 158: Peninsular Malaysianmountains, SA 102: Malayan peninsula lowlands ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

11 North-central Selangor coast Partially protected AP ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A4iAdmin region Selangor Coordinates 3°20’N 101°15’E Altitude Sea-level Area 4,789 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands■ Threatened species Pelecanus philippensis, Egretta eulophotes, Mycteria cinerea, Leptoptilos javanicus, Heliopais personata, Tringa guttifer,Eurynorhynchus pygmeus ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Congregatory waterbirds Egretta eulophotes, Charadrius mongolus, Charadrius leschenaultii, Numeniusphaeopus, Numenius arquata, Limosa lapponica, Limosa limosa, Tringa guttifer, Tringa totanus, Tringa nebularia, Tringa cinerea, Calidrisferruginea, Chlidonias leucopterus, Sterna nilotica, Sterna hirundo, Sterna bengalensis

12 Tanjung Tuan Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3Admin region Melaka Coordinates 2°24’N 101°51’E Altitude 0–93 m Area 60 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands■ Threatened species Aquila clanga, Treron capellei ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

13 Endau-Rompin Partially protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Admin region Johor; Pahang Coordinates 2°32’N 103°20’E Altitude 40–1,036 m Area 89,214 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Spizaetus nanus, Lophura erythrophthalma, Polyplectron malacense, Heliopaispersonata, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pycnonotus zeylanicus ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 158: Peninsular Malaysian mountains, s102:Malayan peninsula lowlands ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

14 Panti forest Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3Admin region Johor Coordinates 1°50’N 103°54’E Altitude 76–654 m Area 10,879 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Spizaetus nanus, Lophura erythrophthalma, Centropus rectunguis, Pycnonotuszeylanicus, Rhinomyias brunneata ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

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302328

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35 K A L I M A N TA N( I N D O N E S I A )

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S O U T HC H I N A

S E A

S a r a w a k

S a b a h

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125

Area of IBA (ha)

<100

100 to 999

1,000 to 9,999

10,000 to 49,999

50,000 to 99,999

100,000 to 999,999

Map 2. Location and size of Important Bird Areas in East Malaysia.

Table 2. Important Bird Areas in Sabah (see Map 2).

WH = IBA is wholly or partially a World Heritage Site

Table 1 ... continued. Important Bird Areas in Peninsular Malaysia (see Map 1).

15 South-west Johor coast Partially protected R ■■■■■ A1Admin region Johor Coordinates 1°39’N 103°10’E Altitude Sea-level Area 8,650 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands■ Threatened species Egretta eulophotes, Mycteria cinerea, Leptoptilos javanicus, Pycnonotus zeylanicus

16 Krau Wildlife Reserve Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Admin region Pahang Coordinates 3°35’N 102°02’E Altitude 45–2,108 m Area 60,338 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Melanoperdix nigra, Lophura erythrophthalma, Polyplectron inopinatum, Polyplectronmalacense, Heliopais personata, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Pycnonotus zeylanicus ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 158: PeninsularMalaysian mountains, SA 102: Malayan peninsula lowlands ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

17 Taman Negara National Park Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Admin region Kelantan; Pahang; Terengganu Coordinates 4°33’N 102°30’E Altitude 120–2,187 m Area 431,453 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Melanoperdix nigra, Lophura erythrophthalma, Polyplectron inopinatum, Polyplectronmalacense, Rheinardia ocellata, Heliopais personata, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pycnonotus zeylanicus■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 158: Peninsular Malaysian mountains, SA 102: Malayan peninsula lowlands ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

18 South-East Pahang peat swamp forest Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3Admin region Pahang Coordinates 3°30’N 103°25’E Altitude 0–76 m Area 325,000 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Spizaetus nanus, Heliopais personata, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis,Pycnonotus zeylanicus ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

19 Pulau Layang-Layang Unprotected ■■■■■ A4iAdmin region — Coordinates 7°22’N 113°50’E Altitude Sea-level Area 20 ha Habitats Coastline■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Congregatory waterbirds Sterna bergii

20 Crocker Range Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Coordinates 5°48’N 116°20’E Altitude c.2,430 m Area 180,000 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Spilornis kinabaluensis, Lophura bulweri, Pycnonotus zeylanicus ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas s098: Sabah lowlands ■ BiomesAS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

21 Mount Kinabalu Protected WH ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Coordinates 6°02’N 116°36’E Altitude 600–4,101 m Area 110,000 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spilornis kinabaluensis, Melanoperdix nigra, Lophura bulweri, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Pycnonotuszeylanicus ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains; s098: Sabah lowlands ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaicmontane forest

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Table 2 ... continued. Important Bird Areas in Sabah (see Map 2).

Danum Valley Conservation Area (IBA 24) is an integral part of Sabah Foundation Concession Area,one of the largest remaining expanses of lowland forest in the Sundaic region. (PHOTO: SARAH FOWLER)

22 Trus Madi Range Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Coordinates 5°36’N 116°32’E Altitude 700–2,667 m Area 184,527 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Spilornis kinabaluensis, Alcedo euryzona, Pycnonotus zeylanicus ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas s098: Sabah lowlands■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

23 Kinabatangan floodplain Partially protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3 ■■■■■ A4iCoordinates 5°37’N 118°33’E Altitude Sea-level Area 100,000 ha Habitats Artificial landscapes (terrestrial); Forest; Wetlands■ Threatened species Egretta eulophotes, Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Spizaetus nanus, Lophura erythrophthalma, Treron capellei, Duculapickeringii, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica, Cyornis caerulatus■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas s097: North-east Bornean islands; s098: Sabah lowlands ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Congregatorywaterbirds Ciconia stormi, Sterna bergii

24 Danum Valley Conservation Area Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Coordinates 4°57’N 117°48’E Altitude 150–1,090 m Area 43,800 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Lophura bulweri, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Caprimulgus concretus, Alcedoeuryzona, Pitta baudii, Pitta nympha, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica, Cyornis caerulatus ■■■■■ Endemic BirdAreas 157: Bornean mountains, SA 098: Sabah lowlands ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

25 Maliau Basin Conservation Area Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Coordinates 4°40’N 116°40’E Altitude 500–1,900 m Area 58,840 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Spizaetus nanus, Lophura bulweri, Treron capellei, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Cyornis caerulatus■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains, SA 098: Sabah lowlands ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

26 Tawau Hills Park Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Coordinates 4°27’N 117°57’E Altitude 30–1,310 m Area 27,984 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Lophura bulweri, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Ptilocichla leucogrammica, Cyornis caerulatus ■■■■■ Endemic Bird AreasEBA 157: Bornean mountains ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

27 Tabin Wildlife Reserve Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Coordinates 5°10’N 118°45’E Altitude 100–571 m Area 120,521 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Setornis criniger,Ptilocichla leucogrammica, Cyornis caerulatus ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas s098: Sabah lowlands ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

28 Klias peninsula Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3 ■■■■■ A4iCoordinates 5°21’N 115°35’E Altitude 0–10 m Area 180,000 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Egretta eulophotes, Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Pycnonotus zeylanicus,Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Congregatory waterbirds Ciconia stormi

29 Kabili-Sepilok Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Coordinates 5°50’N 117°56’E Altitude 0–180 m Area 4,300 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Lophura erythrophthalma, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona,Pitta baudii, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Cyornis caerulatus ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas s098: Sabah lowlands ■ Biomes AS14:Sundaic lowland forest

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Table 2 ... continued. Important Bird Areas in Sabah (see Map 2).

Table 3. Important Bird Areas in Sarawak (see Map 2).

WH = IBA is wholly or partially a World Heritage Site

30 Kulamba Wildlife Reserve Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3Coordinates 5°30’N 118°40’E Altitude 0–70 m Area 20,682 ha Habitats Forest; Grassland■ Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Centropus rectunguis ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

31 Sipadan islands Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2Coordinates 4°12’N 118°33’E Altitude Sea-level Area 11 ha Habitats Coastline; Forest■ Threatened species Fregata andrewsi, Ducula pickeringii ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas s097: North-east Bornean islands

32 Mantanani islands Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A4iiCoordinates 6°43’N 116°20’E Altitude 0–30 m Area 61 ha Habitats Coastline; Forest■ Threatened species Fregata andrewsi, Ducula pickeringii ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas s097: North-east Bornean islands ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Congregatory seabirdsFregata andrewsi, Fregata ariel

33 Tempasuk plains Unprotected ■■■■■ A1Coordinates 6°26’N 116°27’E Altitude 0–3 m Area 40,000 ha Habitats Artificial landscapes (terrestrial); Forest; Wetlands■ Threatened species Fregata andrewsi, Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus

34 Tanjung Datu – Samunsam Protected Area Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Coordinates 1°55’N 109°36’E Altitude 0–1,000 m Area 24,180 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands■ Threatened species Fregata andrewsi, Egretta eulophotes, Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Lophura erythrophthalma, Treron capellei,Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica ■■■■■ Endemic BirdAreas 157: Bornean mountains ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

35 Gunung Pueh Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3Coordinates 1°43’N 109°40’E Altitude 50–2,000 m Area 20,000 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Treron capellei, Alcedo euryzona, Pycnonotus zeylanicus ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains ■ BiomesAS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

36 Talang-Satang National Park Protected ■■■■■ A4iCoordinates 1°50’N 109°58’E Altitude 0–108 m Area 19,414 ha Habitats Coastline■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Congregatory waterbirds Sterna sumatrana

37 Bako-Buntal Bay Partially protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3 ■■■■■ A4iCoordinates 1°44’N 110°25’E Altitude 0–900 m Area 3,590 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands■ Threatened species Fregata andrewsi, Egretta eulophotes, Leptoptilos javanicus, Tringa guttifer, Sterna bernsteini, Pycnonotus zeylanicus,Setornis criniger, Cyornis caerulatus ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Congregatory waterbirds Egretta eulophotes, Charadriusleschenaultii, Charadrius mongolus, Numenius madagascariensis

38 Bau Limestone Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3Coordinates 1°23’N 110°09’E Altitude 20–310 m Area 4,300 ha Habitats Artificial landscapes (terrestrial); Forest■ Threatened species Pycnonotus zeylanicus ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

39 Bungo Range Unprotected ■■■■■ A2Coordinates 1°14’N 110°10’E Altitude c.1,097 m Area 10,270 ha Habitats Forest■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains

40 Gunung Penrissen Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3

Coordinates 1°07’N 110°12’E Altitude c.1,326 m Area Unknown Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Ptilocichla leucogrammica ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowlandforest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

41 Sadong–Saribas coast Partially protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3 ■■■■■ A4i

Coordinates 1°43’N 110°55’E Altitude 0–50 m Area 43,100 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands■ Threatened species Egretta eulophotes, Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Heliopais personata, Tringa guttifer, Columba argentina,Centropus rectunguis, Setornis criniger ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Congregatory waterbirds Pluvialis fulva, Charadriusleschenaultii, Limosa limosa, Numenius arquata, Numenius madagascariensis, Tringa stagnatilis, Arenaria interpres, Calidris tenuirostris,Calidris canutus, Calidris ferruginea

42 Pulau Bruit National Park Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A4i

Coordinates 2°47’N 111°19’E Altitude 0–2 m Area 1,776 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands■ Threatened species Egretta eulophotes, Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus Congregatory waterbirds Charadrius leschenaultii, Numeniusmadagascariensis, Tringa cinerea, Limicola falcinellus, Chlidonias leucopterus, Chlidonias hybridus, Sterna nilotica, Sterna hirundo, Sternaalbifrons

43 Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3

Coordinates 1°32’N 112°08’E Altitude 60–1,285 m Area 992,758 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Spizaetus nanus, Lophura erythrophthalma, Lophura bulweri, Treron capellei, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Pittanympha, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica, Rhinomyias brunneata, Cyornis caerulatus ■■■■■ Endemic BirdAreas 157: Bornean mountains ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

44 Hose-Laga mountains Unprotected ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3

Coordinates 2°15’N 113°50’E Altitude 200–2,047 m Area 458,143 ha Habitats Forest■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

45 Baleh headwaters Unprotected ■■■■■ A2

Coordinates 1°34’N 114°27’E Altitude 600–1,969 m Area 22,300 ha Habitats Forest■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains

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Table 3 ... continued. Important Bird Areas in Sarawak (see Map 2).

46 Danum-Linau Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3

Coordinates 2°30’N 114°57’E Altitude 200–1,846 m Area 223,804 ha Habitats Forest; Grassland■ Threatened species Polyplectron schleiermacheri ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

47 Usun Apau plateau Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3

Coordinates 2°56’N 114°41’E Altitude 1,000–1,433 m Area 49,760 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Lophura bulweri ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15:Sundaic montane forest

48 Dulit Range Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3

Coordinates 3°12’N 114°08’E Altitude c.1,311 m Area 13,470 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Spilornis kinabaluensis, Spizaetus nanus, Melanoperdix nigra, Lophura erythrophthalma, Lophura bulweri, Pitta baudii, Pittanympha, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica, Cyornis caerulatus ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

49 Similajau National Park Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3

Coordinates 3°24’N 113°12’E Altitude 0–90 m Area 7,067 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands■ Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Lophura erythrophthalma, Ducula pickeringii, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona,Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

50 Niah National Park Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3

Coordinates 3°47’N 113°46’E Altitude c.394 m Area 3,140 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands■ Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Pitta baudii, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setorniscriniger, Cyornis caerulatus ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas s098: Sabah lowlands ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

51 Lambir Hills National Park Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3

Coordinates 4°30’N 113°55’E Altitude 60–457 m Area 6,952 ha Habitats Forest■ Threatened species Spizaetus nanus, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Pitta nympha, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setorniscriniger, Cyornis caerulatus ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

52 Loagan Bunut National Park Protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A3

Coordinates 3°47’N 114°14’E Altitude c.128 m Area 10,736 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands■ Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Pycnonotus zeylanicus ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

53 Mulu – Buda Protected Area Protected WH ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3

Coordinates 4°07’N 114°56’E Altitude 28–2,376 m Area 84,121 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands■ Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spilornis kinabaluensis, Spizaetus nanus, Melanoperdix nigra, Lophura erythrophthalma, Lophurabulweri, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Alcedo euryzona, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichlaleucogrammica, Cyornis caerulatus ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaicmontane forest

54 Kelabit Highlands Partially protected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A2 ■■■■■ A3

Coordinates 3°36’N 115°29’E Altitude 1,200–2,423 m Area 164,500 ha Habitats Artificial landscapes (terrestrial); Forest■ Threatened species Spilornis kinabaluensis, Melanoperdix nigra, Lophura bulweri, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona,Pitta nympha, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Cyornis caerulatus ■■■■■ Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains ■ Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowlandforest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

55 Brunei Bay Unprotected ■■■■■ A1 ■■■■■ A4i

Coordinates 5°03’N 115°18’E Altitude 0–50 m Area 19,500 ha Habitats Wetlands■ Threatened species Egretta eulophotes, Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Polyplectron schleiermacheri, Tringa guttifer ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Congregatorywaterbirds Charadrius leschenaultii

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birds of malaysia

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