artificial katup jantung - siti julaiha

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  • 7/23/2019 Artificial Katup Jantung - Siti Julaiha

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    MRVGHC AHVLOIUHPARCHV

    Couogd Hv|oeo`ohc Jbhv| UhcubHc|bvgh|oubp=H Vbuobt\jikhp @' Echghdhg8#6 hgl Hfjhy ^hglo|6-

    Chapjko ^ Lhpo-# Jbcbgb H Pokig# ^joco~~b

    \rdhp Arcohj Vbahyhph Foikilbccogd

    Lv' lv' Lhgdpogh

    Po|o Mrchojh ) >?>52?4^hp`h Phvmhgh

    \bagicido FoikblopRgoubvpo|hp Ogligbpoh

    ^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido FoikblopRgoubvpo|hp Ogligbpoh

    QKbo 6>8>[

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    COUOGD HV\OEO@OHC JBHV\ UHCUB HC\BVGH\OUBP= H VBUOBT\jikhp @' Echghdhg8#6 hgl Hfjhy ^hglo|6-8Lb~hv|kbg| ie Hgh|iky# hgl 6Gh|oighc @bg|vb eiv Foikblo`hc Bgdogbbvogd P`obg`b# Gh|oighcRgoubvpo|y ie Ovbchgl Dhcthy# Dhcthy# Ovbchgl

    \bvh~o ~bgddhg|ohg aigubgpoighc ~hlh ^bgyhao| ah|r~ mhg|rgd fhgyha kbkfbvoahg abarvhgdhglhchk jhpoc lhg ~bchaphghhgyh' Folhgd p|rlo Vbahyhph Mhvogdhg krg`rc pbfhdho hc|bvgh|oub rg|rakbgogdah|ahg ~bgddhg|ohg p|vra|rv ah|r~ mhg|rgd'

    ^vogpo~ lo fhcoa aigpb~ ogo hlhchj \vhgp~chpo rgprv jolr~# yhgd |bv|hghk ~hlh ~bvhg`hj kh|bvohc yhgdpbprho# ~hlh po|rp yhgd phao| lokhgh p|vra|rv kbgmhlo |bvog|bdvhpo lbgdhg mhvogdhg ~hpobg rg|rakbgdbkfhcoahg ergdpo hpcogyh'

    Abkhmrhg yhgd phgdh| fbvhv|o lofrh| pb~rcrj |hjrg |bvhajov ~hlh ~bgdbkfhgdhgah|r~ mhg|rgdjolr~ frh|hg hc|bvgh|oub *CHJUH/# lbgdhg kbgdolbg|oeoahpo =

    + Prkfbv prkfbv ~bgddhg|ohg ~i|bgpohc rg|ra pbc pbc ah|r~

    + ^bvhg`hj)p heeicl rg|ra kbk~bv|hjhgahg pbc pbc ~hlh cogdargdhg |odh lokbgpo# lhg

    + Pogyhc rg|ra kbk~vikipoahg ~bgdbkfhgdhg mhvogdhg'

    Vbuobt ogo kbkfhjhp ~bvcrgyh Vbahyhph Mhvogdhg pbfhdho hc|bvgh|oub ~vi|bpop phh| ogo lhgkbgyblohahg ch~ivhg cbgdah~ h|hp p|vra|rv ah|r~ mhg|rgd givkhc pbfhdho `b|ha fovr rg|ra ehfvoahpo CHJUH'

    R~hyh ~bgbco|ohg rg|ra kbkfrh| pbfrhj CHJUH yhgd chyha# |bvkhpra ~bvabkfhgdhg |bvhajovgyh#hahg lofhjhp'

    ^bvjh|ohg ajrprp loeiarpahg ~hlh ~ocojhg prkfbv pbc rg|ra aigp|vrapo CHJUH# ~bgddrghhgfoilbdvhlhfcb hchk lhg ~bvhg hj ~icokbv pog|b|oa ~bvhg`hj pbfhdho bap|vhpbcrchv kh|voap |rvrghg# lhgp|okrchpo bapidbg ~bv|rkfrjhg mhvogdhg '

    \hg|hgdhg ~bg|ogd kbcofh|ahg ~bgdbkfhgdhg CHJUH lhg ~bkfhjhphg hvhj khph lb~hggyh'

    ^BGDBGHCHG

    ^bgyhao| ah|r~ mhg|rgd kbvr~hahg eha|iv ~bglivigd lhchk ahprp abkh|ohg' ^bgyhao| Ah|r~ mhg|rgd|bvmhlo ab|oah ph|r h|hr cbfoj lhvo bk~h| ah|r~ mhg|rgd |olha lh~h| chdo kbcharahg ergdpogyh pb`hvh kbkhlhopbfhdho dh|bthy lhchk povarchpo# pbv|h h|hr dhdhc lhchk kbk~bv|hjhgahg abkhk~rhggyh rg|rakbgdi~bvhpoahg hcovhg |olha pbhvhj lhvhj kbchcro mhg|rgd'

    Lrh mbgop ~bgyhao| ah|r~ yhgd lh~h| loh|hpo lbgdhg ~bg`bdhjhg ~hlh pop|bk ~bkfrahhg h|hr~bgr|r~hg ah|r~ pb`hvh fbghv yho|r '

    + \o~b ~bv|hkh# P|bgipop uhcuhv#

    lo`ovoahg lbgdhg ~bgybk~o|hg ~bkfrahhg ah|r~'

    + \o~b ablrh# Ogpreopobgpo uhcuhv#|bvmhlo ab|oah ah|r~ |olha kbkfbg|ra ~bgdrg`o yhgd ab|h| ~hlh ~bgr|r~hg# kbgdhaofh|ahg vbdrvdo|hpolhvhj'

    Ablrh mbgop ~bgyhao| og kbkfbfhgahg mhg|rgd lbgdhg kbgogdah|ahg chmr abvmhgyh rg|rakbk~bv|hjhgahg p|viab uicrkb# lhg kbgybfhfahg lopergdpo i|i| mhg|rgd lhg hajovgyh kbgdhchko dhdhc

    mhg|rgd *@hvhfbcci lhg @vhteivl# 8??4/'

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 6

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    ^BGDIFH\HG LHG AB\BVFH\HPHG

    PBMHVHJ

    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    Lokrchogyh Bap~civhpo ~bgddhg|ohg ah|r~ mhg|rgd 8?2>+hg

    Abprapbphg ok~chg|hpo ah|r~ khgrpoh ~bv|hkh Jreghdbc# b| hc 8?26

    ^bvabkfhgdhg cbfoj lhvo :> lbphog ah|r~ mhg|rgd ~vip|b|oa Uigd~h|hghpog b| hc 8??5Ahg|rgd mhg|rgd ~vi|bp|oa kbgmhlo jhc yhgd rkrk locharahg rg|rakbgdh|hpo ~bgyhao| ah|r~ mhg|rgd

    P`jibg lhg Cbuy 8???

    Ah|r~ mhg|rgd ~vip|b|oa yhgd lo~haho lo pbcrvj lrgoh fbvhphc lhvo kbahgoa*22"/#pbcrvrj aik~igbg pog|b|oa# h|hr mhvogdhg foicido*Foi~vip|b|oa/

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    Khphchj kbglhphv lbgdhg pbkrh kb|ilb ogo# hlhchj ~bgddhg|ohg kh|bvoah|r~ |ha+jolr~ |olha kbkocoao pop|bk ~bvfhoahg og|vogpoa yhgd lh~h|kbvbaiglopo ah|r~ pb|bchj |bvmhlogyh `blbvh p|vra|rvhc'

    I~|okhcophpo ah|r~ ~bgddhg|o mhvogdhg jhvrp fbvpoeh| foiaik~h|ofbc mrdhjhvrp lh~h| kbgrgmraahg ~bv|rkfrjhg lhg abkhk~rhg ~bvfhoahg'

    Grdbg| lhg Blbckhg 6>>0

    ^bgbco|o kbkeiarpahgr~hyh ~bgdbkfhgdhg lhg ~bgddhg|ohg ergdpoighcmhvogdhg jolr~ yhgd vrpha haofh| ~bgyhao| h|hr crah'

    Chgdbv lhg Uh`hg|o 8??0

    P|vh|bdo |bagoa mhvogdhg phh| ogo kbco~r|o |vhgp~chg|hpo lhvo aigp|vrapo yhgdkbgdhglrgd |o~b pbc |bv|bg|r ~hlh aiglopo og uo|vi *~bglbah|hg uo|viaicigo/# h|hr kbkfhgdrg ~bgdaiglopohg yhgd kbgddrghahg ~vidbgo|ivbglidbg h|hr kbkfblhahg pbc lhvo mhvogdhg lo pbao|hvgyh *og uoui~bglbah|hg aicigophpo/'

    Phchj ph|r aigp|vrapo |bivo lh~h| kbgdog|bdvhpoahg ergdpogyh lbgdhgmhvogdhg jip| lhg kbglivigd mhvogdhg vbdbghpo'

    ^bgdb|hjrhg kbgybcrvrj ~bkfrh|hg lhg aik~ipopo mhvogdhg ergdpoighcah|r~ mhg|rgd givkhc hlhchj ~vhpyhvh| ~bg|ogd rg|ra kbkfbg|raprprghg p|vra|rvhc yhgd loogdogahg pbfhdho hc|bvgh|oe Vbahyhph mhvogdhg'

    Vhfaog lhg P`jibg 6>>6

    P\VRA\RV AH\R^ MHG\RGD + FCRB^VOG\ ^BGDDHG\OHG LBGDHGVBAH_HPH MHVOGDHG

    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    Abbk~h| ah|r~ mhg|rgd krg`rc lhvo ~bvabkfhgdhg bkfvoi kbpbg`jykhcfbvjrfrgdhg lbgdhg bgli`hvlohc lhchk ~vipbp yd lopbfr| kiveidbgbpopuhcurcipb~|hc'

    Lrh ah|r~ lhchk fbg|ra ahghc h|voiubg|o`rchv *HU/ *lbgdhg |voarp~ol*|vocbhecb|/ lhg ah|r~ ko|vhc *focbhecb|/ ah|r~ HU/# lbgdhg lrh ah|r~|bvfbg|ra lo phcrvhg abcrhv ubg|voabc *hiv|h lhg ah|r~ hv|bvo ~hvr +

    ablrhgyh |vocbhecb|/'

    Bopbgfbvd lhgKhvathcl

    8??2

    Pbkrh ah|r~ mhg|rgd hlhchj p|vra|rv pblbvjhgh yhgd kbkfbvoahgaig|vofrpo hcovhg lhvhj |olha pbhvhj' Kbvrh~hahg dbvhahg ~hpoe pbfhdhovbp~igp |bvjhlh~ |bahghg dvhlobg|p kbcog|hpo ah|r~

    @ii~bv b| hc' 8?55

    Ah|r~ mhg|rgd kbkocoao p|vra|rv ajrprp cbfoj aik~cbap rg|ra aiglopo koavilo khgh kbvbah lo|bk~h|ahg

    _h`irf b| hc' 8???

    ^bkhjhkhg |bg|hgd $~hpoe p|vra|rv $kbgybfhfahg ~bvabkfhgdhg$ ~hpoe $ ~bgddhg|o ah|r~ kbahgoalhg foi~vip|jb|o`'

    Hc|bvgh|oe Mhg|rgd jolr~ ah|r~ frh|hg *CHJUH/ ~bvcr kbgdhprkpoahg p|vra|rv olbg|oa moah ogdogkbgddhg|o kilb ~bgdifh|hg ah|r~'

    ^bgdb|hjrhg yhgd kbglhchk |bg|hgd aik~igbg uhcuhv lhg og|bvhapo kbvbah hahg ~bg|ogd rg|rakbg`h~ho |bvifiphg podgoeoahg ~hlh folhgd ogo'

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb

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    ^VOGPO^ \O^B PBC AH\R^ MHG\RGD

    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    Mbgop pbc r|hkh lhchk ah|r~ mhg|rgd hlhchj =

    + Pbc uhcuhv og|bvp|opohc *UO@p/

    + Pbc+pbc bgli`hvlohc uhcuhv *UB@p/

    + I|i| ~icip

    + I|i| mhg|rgd

    + Pbc phvhe rg|ra fbvfhdho lbvhmh| |bvdhg|rgd ~hlh ah|r~ p~bpoeoayhgd lo~bv|okfhgdahg'

    @ii~bv b| hc

    Ebgidcoi b| hc'#

    Joffp lhg Bccopig

    8?55

    8?46

    8?401

    Pbc Uhcuhv Og|bvp|o|ohc) UO@

    UO@p fbvergdpo rg|ra ~bkbcojhvhhg p|vra|rv uhcuh# yhgd kbvr~hahg~bv~hgmhgdhg pbc pbc lhchk mrkchj fbphv kbchcro ~vipbp ~bv~hgmhgdhgkh|voz ah|r~'

    Eoco~ b| hc' 8?:5

    UO@ |bvjrfrgd ph|r phkh chog kbkfbg|ra mhvogdhg |odh lokbgpopb~hgmhgd pbcrvrj ah|r~ lhg fbvaho|hg bvh| lbgdhg ah|r~ kh|voap'

    Abkrgdaoghg |bvlh~h| lrh kievicidop lhg ~bvfblhhg p|ra|rv ~hlh~i~rchpo UO@ yho|r

    + Kbkocoao poeh| aig|vha|oc yhgd loahvha|bvophpoahg lbgdhg pbvh| pbvh|p|vbp yhgd |b|h~

    + Kbkocoao poeh| pbavb|ivo loahvha|bvop|oahg lbgdhg Dicdo h~~hvh|rplhg Virdj Bgli~chpkoa vb|oarcrk *vBV/'

    Eoco~ b| hc'#

    Cbp|bv b| hc'#

    ]h`ap b| hc'#

    8?:51

    8?::1

    8??8

    Ahvha|bvop|oa aik~igbg pbc i|i| ~icip kbgybfr|ahg UO@ kbkocoaoabkhk~rhg pbchog yho|r pbfhdho pbavbpo kh|voap eofvifchp|'

    Eoco~ b| hc'#

    Kbppobv b| hc#

    8?:5

    8??>>16>>8

    6>>6

    UO@ kbvr~hahg aik~igbg ~bg|ogd lhvo pop|bk ~bvfhoahg og|vogpoa ah|r~'Dbvhahg aigp|hg ah|r~ cbhecb|# lhg lbeivkhpo mhvogdhg oah| yhgd |bvaho|kbgdjhpocahg abvrphahg yhgd kbgybfhfahg UO@ kbvbp~ig dbvhahg rg|rakbk~bv|hjhgahg og|bdvo|hp uhcuhv'

    ^vipbp vbdbgbvh|oe ogo kbgmhlo ergdpo ~bg|ogd rg|ra ergdpo givkhc uhcuhv'

    P`jgbolbv lhg Lb`a

    Jbggby b| hc#

    8?:8

    8?:6

    Eha|iv ~bgybfhf abdhdhchg p|vra|rv abkrgdaoghg ahvbgh |olha hlhgyhUO@ ~hlh kilbc ah|r~ mhg|rgd ~vip|b|oa yhgd hlh phh| ogo'

    ^bgbco|ohg ~bg|ogd UO@ lo~bvcrahg rg|ra kbgbvmbkhjahg jrfrgdhg+pochgd hg|hvh pbc+pbc lhg kh|voap pbao|hvgyh yhgd lokblohpo kbchcrokicbarc hljbpo eiarp'

    Hljbpo eiahc hlhchj lhbvhj oah|hg pbc+kh|voap ajrprp yhgd kbgdjrfrgdahg pbc po|ipabcb|ig ab kh|voap ~vi|bog kbchcro og|bdvogp' Mrdh fbv|oglhapbfhdho pogyhc po|rp |vhgplrapo# kbg|vhgpkopo ahg ogeivkhpo kbahgop lhvoB@K# yhgd lh~h| kbgokfrcahg pbmrkchj |hgddh~hg# ghkrg |olha |bvfh|hp~hlh# pbc hljbpo# kodvhpo# ~bv|rkfrjhg lhg loebvbgpohpo'

    Php|vy lhg Frvvoldb1

    Tbfbv b| hc#

    6>>>

    6>>6

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 2

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    Pbc Uhcuhv Bgli`hvlohc# UB@

    Mbgop pbc ah|r~ r|hkh# yhgd kbkfbg|ra pbcrfrgd ergdpoighc ~hlhkhpogd+khpogd bk~h| ah|r~ mhg|rgd' Mrdh kbkocoao fbvkh hk ergdpobgli|bcork uhp`rchv'

    Fh`jb||o lhgKivfolbcco#

    6>>>

    ^bvhg p~bpoeoa ah|r~ bgli`hvlork |olha fbdo|r mbchp lhg fbcrk fhgyhalo~bchmhvo' Ghkrg# pb`hvh cidop UB@ fbv|oglha rg|ra kbk~bv|hjhgahg~bvkrahhg ah|rf gig|jvikfidbgo` kovo~ lbgdhg bgli|bcork uhparchv'

    Evh|bv b| hc'# 8??6

    ^bgddhg|ohg ah|r~ phh| ogo |hg~h hlhgyh ergdpo bgli`hvlork ~vi|ba|oe' Jhcogo lh~h| kbgdjhpocahg ~ch|bcb| lhg lb~ipo|i eofvog ~hlh ah|r~ foi~vip|b|oadcr|hvhclbjol+|b|h~# ogebapo fha|bvo lhg ahcpoeoahpo mhvogdhg '

    Evh|bv b| hc

    Cbjgbv b| h#'

    8??6

    8??4

    Ergdpo chog UB@ kbglhphvo ergdpo UO@# pbvr~h lbgdhg vbdrchpo pbc pbc i|i|jhcrp uhp`rchv'

    Krcjicchgl lhgDi|cobf

    8??4

    Og|bvhapo aik~cbap krg`rc hg|hvh bgli|jbcork lhg pbc pbc pbao|hvgyh# yhgdlokblohpo pbfhdohg icbj eha|iv eha|iv ~bchvr| pbc pbc bgli|jbcohc'

    Drhvlh# b| hc' 8?00

    ^bvhg pbgpiv UB@ mrdh |bchj lorprcahg' Pbc+pbc ogo kbghk~ocahg hvbh~bvkrahhg fbphv |bv|r|r~ lbgdhg ko`vih~~hdbp ~hlh hp~ba crkbggyhpbjogddh kbgogdah|ahg ~h~hvhg# lhg og|bvhapo lbgdhg kb|hficoa }h|lhchk hcovhg lhvhj'

    Jocc lhg Eichg@rvvhg 8??0

    Bgli|bcork pbvogd kbghk~ocahg ~bvfblhhg kiveicido lhg ergdpoighc yhgd

    fbvjrfrgdhg lbgdhg |bdhgdhg yhgd lojhpocahg icbj hcovhg lhvhj# lhg jhcyhgd phkh mrdh fbvchar rg|ra UB@ ~hlh ergdpo ~bv~hgmhgdhg lhg pbc~icodighc yhgd lohkh|o'

    Jrvcb b| hc' 8?:2

    ^bvrfhjhg p|vra|rv pbc lh~h| |bvmhlo ahvbgh beba lhvo jbkiloghkoa ciahcfhoa ~hlh aik~igbg `y|ipabcb|hc lhvo pbc# h|hr beba pbarglbv yhgdlo|okfrcahg icbj ~bvrfhjhg fhjhg lhphv kh|voap bap|vhpbcrcbv'

    Thchr~rg UB@ kbgdrgdah~ahg eha|iv uig Toccbfvhgl *uTE/ ~hlh og uo|vilhg uoui# ghkrg |olha kbkocoao Tbofbc+ hchlb filobp *~bgyok~hghgajrprp fr|ov rg|ra eha|iv uig Toccbfvhgl/ yhgd kbg`ovoahg ivdhgbc uhp`rchvbgli|jbcork'

    Cbp|bv b| hc' 8??0

    ^hlh aiglopo Og po|r# ~bvfh|hphg UB@ lojrfrgdahg fbvphkh+phkh lbgdhgphkfrgdhg)mrg`|oig ab|h| lhg dh~ mrg |oig pbv|h iubvch~~ogd |b~o

    khvmoghc *lopbfr| khvdoghc eiclp/

    Jhvhphao b| hc'

    Khglr|bhgr b| hc#

    8?421

    8?::

    Pbc bgli|bc lhg pbc bgli`hvlohc kbghk~ocahg fbfbvh~h abdoh|hg r|hkhgyhlhchk kb|hficopkb og uo|vi# yho|r kbgyblohahg pbc ~bghglh yhgd pbprhorg|ra olbg|oeoahpogyh'

    Khglr|bhgr b| hc'# 8?::

    Pbc kbgdrgdah~ahg uTE lhchk lrh lokbgpo arc|rv pbc' Khglr|bhgr b| hc'# 8?::

    Pbc kbgrgmraahg ~bvrfhjhg ha|ouo|hp bg}ok hgdoi|bgpog *H@B/ Khglr|bhgr b| hc'#

    Fh`jb||o + Kivfolbcco#

    8?::

    6>>>

    Pbc mrdh kbk~vilrapo ~vip|hpoacog Khglr|bhgr b| hc'# 8?::

    Pbc mrdh kbgrgmraahg bap~vbpo pog|bph bgli|bc go|voa iapolh *Bgip/ lhgHa|ouo|hpgyh' Khvabv yhgd fbvdrgh lhchk kbgdolbg|oeoahpo opich| arc|rv pbcyhgd olbhc lhchk kbgdbkfhgdahg CHJUH# |b|h~o kbkocoao ~i|bgpoababfhchg vhgphgdhg *okkrgb+p|okrch|/ UB@ lh~h| kbkfh|hpo~bgddrghhggyh lhchk p|vra|rv mhvogdhg+vbahyhph'

    Pko|j b| hc'

    Pogby lhg Cbtop#

    8??0

    8??01

    Bap~vbpo hg|odbg aik~cbap jop|iaik~h|ofoco|hp r|hkh *KJ@/ ~hlh arc|rvUB@ kbgrgmraahg fhjth ah|r~ hccidbgbo` lh~h| kbgokfrcahg vbhapookrgicido lhchk kbkfbvoahg aig|vofrpo fhdo ~bgbvokh lbdbgbvhpo ah|r~`b~h|'

    UB@ mrdh kbgdbap~vbpoahg kicbarc hljbpo O@HK+8 lhg BCHK+8# yhgd~bg|ogd rg|ra ~bgdoah|hg pbc kigigracbhv pbchkh vbp~ig okrg'

    Pokig b| hc' 8??0

    Jhc yhgd phkh rg|ra KJ@ lhg kicbarc hljbpo)`i+p|okrch|iv ~hlh UB@lhg UO@# |b|h~o jhgyh UB@ yhgd fbvpoeh| okrgidbgoa'

    Fh||bg b| hc' 6>>8

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 5

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    ^bkhjhkhg foicido pbc UO@ phgdh| ~bg|ogd lhchk vhgdah kbgbg|rahg kbahgopkb pbc+pbc yhgdfbvog|bvhapo ph|r phkh chog lhg cogdargdhg pbao|hvgyh# hdhv ergdpo ogo lh~h| lovb~vilrapo lhchk CHJUH'

    Kbpao~rg UB@ hr|icidrp ~hpobg yhgd lo|rvrgahg lhvo prkfbv pbc yhgd olbhc lh~h| lodrghahg rg|rakbkfhgdrg CHJUH |b|h~o |olha lokrgdaogahg pb`hvh acogop *|olha chyha/ rg|ra kbgdjhpocahg phk~bc mhvogdhgah|r~ yhgd kbkhlho'

    Kbg`hvo prkfbv ~bgddhg|o pbc bgli`hvlohc yhgd pbprho hlhchj ph|r lhvo fhgyha vog|hgdhg yhgd jhvrploh|hpo lhchk kbtrmrlahg ~bvhg`hgdhgo CHJUH'

    KH\VOAP AH\R^ MHG\RGD BAP\VHPBCRCBV

    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    Pb`hvh Jop|icidop# cbhecb| ah|r~ mhg|rgd |bvlovo lhvo kh|voap mhg|rgdog|bvp|o|ohc yhgd lopbcrfrgdo icbj kigichybv aig|ogrb UB@' Aik~igbg~bg|ogd ~hlh kh|voap ah|r~ bap|vhpbcrchv *B@K/ hlhchj khavikicbarcfbvpbvh| aichdbg lhg bchp|og# ~vi|bidcoahg lhg dcoai~vi|bog' Pb|oh~aik~igbg eopoa rgoa kbgyrkfhgdahg poeh| rgoa lhg poeh| kbahgoa'

    Arg}bckhg b| hc 8??0

    Ch~ophg |bvpbfr| lopbfr| pbfhdho eofvipop# p~igdoiph# lhg ubg|vo rchvop Dvipp lhg Ardbc 8?08

    Mrkchj Aichdbg rg|ra fbvh| abvogd w 5>" lhvo fbvh| abvogd ah|r~#

    bchp|og rg|ra w 8>" lhg ~vi|bidcoahg rg|ra w 6>"'

    Arg}bckhg b| hc' 8??0

    Aik~igbg aichdbg# yhgd kbgyblohahg pbfhdohg fbphv abarh|hg kbahgoaah|r~# pb`hvh likoghg kbkocoao |o~b O lhg OOO *4

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    EOFVIPOP

    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    Ch~ophg eofvipop kbk fbg|ra pbvh| fh`afigb cihl+fbhvogd cbhecb| ah|r~#yhgd |bvlovo lhvo cbkfhvhg fbvahp aichdbg'

    Arg}bckhg b| hc'# 8??0

    Ark~rchg ogo fbvmhchg lhchk hvhj kbcog|hgd lhvo hiv|h cbhe|cb| ah|r~ lhg|bvprprg pb`hvh fbvdbcikfhgd rg|ra bap~hgpo pbchkh ~bgr|r~hg acb~'

    Koppovcop lhgHvkbgohlbp

    8?44

    Eofvipop lhvo ah|r~ HU fbvabpoghkfrgdhg lbgdhg og|o aichdbg lhvo aivlh|bglogbh *Dhkfhv 8/ + mhvogdhg pb~bv|o p|vra|rv ahfbc ~bglrargd kbgb|h~~hlh i|i| mhg|rgd ah~ocbv'

    Ebgidcoi b| hc' 8?46

    Aivlh kbkfbg|ra aik~igbg ~bg|ogd lhvo ah|r~ HU aik~cbap# kbg`bdhjcbhecb| lhvo ~vipbp fhcig *~bgdbcbkfrgdhg/ ab h|vork pbchkh aig|vhapoubg|voabc' O|r Ch~ophg eofvipop ah|r~ mhg|rgd rkrkgyh |bvcb|hakbgdjhlh~ hcovhg ~bvkrahhg# lhg kbkfhg|r kbk~bv|hjhgahg ergdpoyhgd |b~h| lhchk ah|r~ hv|bvo ahvbgh |olha lolrargd icbj aivlh |bglogbh'

    @jvop|iu b| hc' 8???

    Dhkfhv 8' ^bgyrprghg pabkh|op ch~ophg mhvogdhg oah| kbchcro kol+}igb cbhecb|p ah|r~ mhg|rgd'

    P^IGDOIPH

    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    Ch~ophg P~igdoiph |bvlovo lhvo mhvogdhg oah| yhgd |bvivdhgopov pb`hvhcigddhv ~hlh prfp|hgpo pbko+ecrolh'

    Thckpcby 8?4:

    Aik~igbg kh|voap likoghg ch~ophg ogo hlhchj ~vi|bidcoahg *aichdbg yhgd|bvprprg h`ha lopbcogdo lbgdhg fbfbvh~h ch~ophg mhvogdhg jhcrp bchp|op/'

    DHD polb+ jhog lhvo kicbarc ~vi|bidcoahg kbkfbvo fbfhg gbdh|oe yhgdkbgdjhpocahg ah~hpo|hp oah|hg hov lhg lbgdhg lbkoaohg kbkfbg|ra dbckh|voap fbv~ivo' Ergdpo kbahgoa ~bg|ogd lhvo ~vi|bidcoahg hlhchj kh|voapjolvhpo# lhg abkhk~rhg rg|ra kbghjhg abarh|hg |bahg '

    @rchu b| hc' 8???

    Ch~ophg p~igdoiph lhvo ah|r~ mhg|rgd lh~h| kbgybvh~ |bdhgdhg yhgdlojhpocahg pbchkh ~bgr|r~hg ah|r~ '

    Arg}bckhg b| hc' 8??0

    Ch~ophg p~igdoiph lh~h| kbk~bv|hjhgahg ecbapofoco|hp kbpao~rgah|r~ |bvrp kbgbvrp fbvdbvha' Ch~ophg ogo kbkrgdaogahg ~bvdbphvhghg|hvh eofviph lhg ch~ophg ubg|voarvhcpo ~hlh ah|r~ hiv|h pbchkh ~vipbpcihlogd lhg rgcihlogd'

    Krvh|h# 8?:8

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb :

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    UBG\VOARVHCOP

    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    Ch~ophg ubg|vo rchvop mhrj cbfoj |o~op lhvo lrh ch~ophg chog# lhg phgdh|fhgyha ~hlh pbvh| bchp|op'

    Arg}bckhg b| hc' 8??0

    Pbvh| bchp|op kbkrgdaogahg mhvogdhg rg|ra kbghjhg lbeivkhpo rchgd lhgvbeivkhpo'

    @rchu b| hc' 8???

    Bchp|og fbvergdpo kbgmhdh hvpo|ba|rv pbvh| aichdbg ah|r~ hiv|h ~hlhabhlhhg aivrdhpo gb|vhc'

    P`i|| lhg Ubpbcy 8??2

    Popo ah|r~ yhgd kbgdjhlh~# fbvchthghg lbgdhg hvhj hcovhg lhvhj*ubg|vo`rchvop ~hlh ah|r~ hv|bvo# p~igdoiph ~hlh ah|r~ HU/ fbvopo ~vi~ivpobchp|og yhgd cbfoj |ogddo lhvo ch~ophg chthggyh# lhg ecbapofoco|hpgyhkbkrgdaogahg cbhecb| ah|r~ rg|ra krglrv)vb`ioc pbchkh ~bgr|r~hg acb~'

    @jvop|iu b| hc' 8???

    Lhchk vhgdah kbkbgrjo abfr|rjhg yhgd crhv fohph |bvjhlh~ jhc ogo# ah|r~ kbkocoao abarh|hg#

    ab|hjhghg# lhg ecbapofoco|hp yhgd crhv fohph# ahvbgh p|vvra|rv aik~ipo| chkoghvgyh' Jhc Ogo phgdh| ~bg|ogdrg|ra kbg`o~|hahg p|vra|rv fbvch~op ~hlh CHJUH rg|ra kbk~bv|hjhgahg ergdpo yhgd |b~h| lo |bgdhj aiglopo|rvfrcbg poacrp mhg|rgd'

    Pb|oh~ hghcopop ergdpo ah|r~ givkhc jhvrp kbk~bvjo|rgdahg ivdhgophpo pbcrchv lhvo ah|r~ pbv|h

    og|bvhapo |okfhc fhcoa hg|hvh pbc+pbc lhg kh|voap pbao|hvgyh' bgdb|hjrhg |bvpbfr| lo~bvicbj lhvo p|rlo ~rph|lbphog lhg ~bgdbkfhgdhg ~bgddhg|ohg ah|r~ kbgddrghahg ~bglbah|hg Vbahyhph Mhvogdhg'

    ^ BGLBAH\HG VBAH_HPH MHVOGDHG RG\RA ^BGDDHG\OHG AH\R^MHG\RGD

    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    ^bglbah|hg vbahyhph Mhvogdhg krg`rc pbchkh 82 |hjrg |bvhajov lhchkkbghgddh~o ab|bvfh|hphg yhgd |bvaho| lbgdhg mhvogdhg lhg |vhgp~chg|hpoivdhg# lbgdhg abchgdahhg ligiv mhvogdhg yhgd |bvpbloh # |bagoa ogo kbgmhloeha|iv ~bkfh|hp yhgd ~hcogd podgoeoahg '

    Er`jp b| hc' 6>>8

    \rmrhg r|hkh lhvo vbahyhph mhvogdhg hlhchj $kbgdbkfhcoahg ergdpokbchcro ~bgdovokhg rgprv jolr~ yhgd |bvog|bdvhpo ab ~hpobg'

    Uh`hg|o lhg Chgdbv 8???

    ^bglbah|hg Vbahyhph mhvogdhg rg|ra ~bkfrh|hg ah|r~ mhg|rgd# h|hr mhvogdhg h|hr ivdhg#fohphgyh fbvdhg|rgd ~hlh |odh aik~igbg ~bg|ogd *Dhkfhv 6/ yho|r =

    + ^bvhg`hj)p heeiclp# ph|r vhg`hgdhg rg|ra kbgmhdh pbc lhchk cogdargdhg |odh+lokbgpo ~hlh lhbvhjok~chg|hpo

    + Pbc# yhgd ~hlh hajovgyh hahg kbkfbg|ra mhvogdhg fhvr

    + Pogyhc yhgd kbkhglr bap~vbpo dbg lhg ~vilrapo B@K lhvo pbc pbchkh ~bkfrh|hg mhvogdhg'

    ^BVHG@HJ)P@HEEICLP

    ^bvhg`hj B@K bapidbg lovhg`hgd rg|ra kbcrk~rjahg ~i~rchpo pbc yhgd pbprho lo ciahpo ok~chg|hpop|vra|rv vbahyhph mhvogdhg lhg mrdh rg|ra kbgyblohahg pr~~iv| kbahgoa phk~ho mhvogdhg yhgd fhvr |bvfbg|ra|bchj lofhgdrg# |bvprprg lhg kbgmhlo p|vra|rv yhgd p|hfoc' *^r|ghk lhgKiigby# 8??5/'

    Aigpb~ |vhlopoighc vbahyhph mhvogdhg kbcofh|ahg ~bgddrghhg ~icokbv ~bvhg`hj |odh lokbgpopbfhdho ~bvhgdah| |vhgp~chg|hpo pbc' Pb|bchj pbc lo|hghkahg ~hlh ~bvhg`hj og uo|vi# lojhpocahg aigp|vrapo|odh lokbgpo yhgd lh~h| lo|hghk ~hlh og uoui lo |bk~h| `blbvh h|hr ~bgyhao|'

    Pbc ok~chg abkrlohg lh~h| kbgddrghahg p|vra|rv hchko |rfrj yhgd loopyhvh|ahg rg|ra kbgogdah|ahgivdhgophpo# ~bv|rkfrjhg lhg ~bvabkfhgdhg mhvogdhg ~bgddhg|o$'

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb ?

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    ^bvhg hj ~icokbv lovhg`hgd rg|ra kbgrvrgahg h|hr jylvicypb og uoui phh| pbc ok~chg kbk~vilrapolhg kbgdh|rv pbglovo mhvogdhg kh|voap bap|vhpbcrchv# yhgd ~hlh hajovgyh jhgyh pog|bpop fhvr# yhgd fbvergdpo~hlh mhvogdhg |bv~hlr |b|h~ ~hlh lhbvhj |vhgp~chg|hpo'

    Lrh ~ocojhg r|hkh ~bvhg`hj yhgd lopbcoloao phh| ogo hlhchj ^bvhg`hj ~icokbv pog|b|oa lhg h|hr^bvhg`hj ~icokbv foicidop'

    PBC

    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    Kbkfhgdrg prkfbv pbc jhglhc kbvr~hahg arg`o beba|oe vbdbgbvhpo mhvogdhg'

    Chgdbv lhg Uh`hg|o 8???

    Uhvob|hp prkfbv pbc lh~h| lo|bvh~ahg ~hlh p|vra|rv vbahyhph mhvogdhg#khpogd+khpogd lbgdhg abrg|rgdhg lhg abvrdohg yhgd |bvaho|'

    Jbh|j 6>>>

    Phchj ph|r abkrgdaoghg hlhchj pbc hr|idbgbo`# lolh~h| lhvo ~hpobgpbglovo# yhgd |olha hahg kbgokfrcahg vbhapo okrg pb|bchj ok~chg|hpo'Ghkrg# lhchk aiglopo phao| h|hr lbgdhg ~hpobg dbvoh|vo# pbc hr|idbgbo`|olha krgdaog kbgmhlo prkfbv |vhgp~chg|hpo yhgd pbprho'

    Jbh|j 6>>>

    Pbc hr|idbgoa |olha hahg |bvpbloh $iee+|jb+pjbce$ rg|ra ~bgddrghhg acogoappbdbvh '

    Gbvbk lhg Pbcoa|hv 6>>8

    ^bvabkfhgdhg |bvfhvr lhchk ~bgbco|ohg p|bk `bcc kbkocoao lhk~hapodgoeoahg |bvjhlh~ abkhmrhg |bagoa mhvogdhg' ^bgbco|ohg ogo loeiarpahg|bvr|hkh ~hlh krc|o~i|bg| pbc oglra lbthph *khk~r kbkfbg|rafbfbvh~h mbgop pbc/ lhg |i|o~i|bg| pbc fh|hgd bkfvoi *khk~r kbkfbg|rapbc pbkrh mbgop/' ^bkhjhkhg yhgd cbfoj mbchp eha|iv ~bvfblhhg yhgd|bvcofh| pbv|h abhtb|hg lhvo bap~vbpo dbg lhg ergdpo ebgi|o~oa og uoui~bg|ogd rg|ra kbk~bv|hjhgahg p|vra|rv givkhc lhg ergdpo CHJUH'

    @jh~bahv 6>>>

    Abkrgdaoghg yhgd |bvpoph rg|ra prkfbv pbc CHJUH kbg`har~ pbc+pbc

    zbgidbgbo` h|hr hccidbgbo`# kbpao~rg pbc zbgidbgbo` kbkfhth vopoaikbg|vhgpebv uovrp jbthg ab khgrpoh'

    Gbvbk lhg Pbcoa|hv 6>>8

    Abkrgdaoghg chog rg|ra kbgdrfhj pb`hvh dbgb|op pbc hccidbgbo` rg|rakbgdrvhgdo hg|odbgo`o|y h|hr kbg`bdhj ~bgichahg jip|'

    Jbh|j 6>>>

    \hg~h kbk~bvjh|oahg prkfbgyh# pbc+pbc ~bgyrprg p|vra|rv vbahyhphmhvogdhg jhvrp kbgdbap~vbpoahg dbg yhgd pbprho lhg kbk~bv|hjhgahgebgi|o~b yhgd |b~h| rg|ra kbcbp|hvoahg ergdpo p~bpoeoa mhvogdhg'

    Aok lhg Kiigby 8??:

    POG_HC

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 8>

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    Vbdbgbvhpo mhvogdhg yhgd prapbp |olha pbchcr lo`h~ho $jhgyh$ lbgdhg ^bgddhfrgdhg pbc lhg~bvhg`hj'

    Bap~vbpo dbg ~hlh pbc lhg ~bkfbg|rahg mhvogdhg lh~h| loh|rv h|hr lo~vikipoahg lbgdhg~bghkfhjhg eha|iv ~bv|rkfrjhg# po|iaog h|hr jivkig'

    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    Pop|bk ~bgyhcrvhg ifh| lh~h| kbkhgehh|ahg rk~hg fhcoa kb|ilb pogyhc

    foiaokoh#lbgdhg kbgdbglhcoahg eha|iv ~bv|rkfrjhg ~hlh po|rp vbdbgbvhpomhvogdhg'

    ^hglo| b| hc'

    \hfh|h

    6>>>#

    6>>>

    Kicbarc hljbpo pbc kbgyhk~hoahg |ogdah| pogyhc yhgd kbgdbglhcoahgvbdrchpo bap~vbpo dbg lhg pbcrcbv ivdhgophpo'

    Foiha|ouo|hp ~bvhg`hj ~icokbv pog|b|oa lh~h| lokiloeoahpo lbgdhg Prprghg~b~|olh hljbpo aiuhcbg+|bvchk~ov# pb~bv|o hphk hvdogog+dcopog+hp~hv|h|*VDL/ h|hr |ovipog+opicbrpog+dcopog+pbvog+hvdogog *_ODPV/'

    Jrffbcc 8??2

    Rvr|hg |bvpbfr| jhlov ~hlh pbmrkchj kicbarc B@K# kbkfbg|ra jrfrgdhgeopoa hg|hvh B@K lhg pbc kbchcro ~bvkrahhg pbc og|bdvog vbpb~|iv'

    Uhg lbv ecobv lhgPiggbgfbvd

    6>>8

    Ergdpo rvr|hg yhgd |bvdhfrgd hlhchj =

    + rg|ra kbgogdah|ahg hljbpo pbc#

    + kbgybfhvahg lhg kbgogdah|ahg ergdpo#

    + kbkrgdaogahg |bv~o`rgyh og|bdvog lhvo mrkchj pbc pogyhc mhcrv ~bg|ogdrg|ra ~bgdbkfhgdhg mhvogdhg

    Aok lhg Kiigby 8??:

    Pokrchpo kbahgoa h|hr podghc eopoa kb|ilb og uo|vi kbgogdah|ahg~bv|rkfrjhg pbc lhg mhvogdhg# kbgybfhfahg lbphog lhg ~bgdbkfhgdhgpop|bk foivbha|iv rg|ra ~vh+`iglo|oigogd og uo|vi lhvo p|vra|rv vbahyhph

    mhvogdhg'

    ^bkfbg|rahg mhvogdhg abkrlohg kbgbk~h|o cogdargdhg yhgd phgdh|kbgovr ~hlh po|rp |vhgp~chg|hpo'

    Fhvvig b| hc' 6>>0

    ^BVABKFHGDHG CHJUH

    Vhg`hgdhg CHJUH kbgddhfrgdahg pbc# ~bvhg`hj lhg pogyhc kbgdjhlovahg |hg|hgdhg rgoa rg|ra~hvh ~bgbco|o lo ch~hgdhg' Lbphog i~|okrk hahg kbkocoao ahvha|bvop|oa pbfhdho fbvoar|=

    + P|vra|rv hgh|iko pbfhglogd lbgdhg ah|r~ hpco

    + Ergdpo eopoicidop

    + Abkhk~rhg hlh~|hpo foikbahgoa1

    + Abkhk~rhg kbk~bvfhoao)vb~hvhpoe

    + ^i|bgpo ~bv|rkfrjhg'

    Ah|r~ jhvrp lh~h| kbkfrah lhg kbgr|r~ pbvbk~ha ~hlh evbarbgpo pbao|hv 8J}# kbgybfhfahglbeivkhpo cbg|rv# lhg kbgdjhlh~o jbkiloghkoa |rvfrcbg lhchk mhg|rgd *Khgg lhg Fhvh|# 6>>8/'

    Abkhmrhg podgoeoahg yhgd |bchj lofrh| jogddh phh| ogo lhchk vbahyhph mhvogdhg p|vra|rv ah|r~ mhg|rgd#fbvaigpbg|vhpo ~hlh=

    + ^i~rchpo pbc#

    + ^bgddrghhg ~bvhg`hj pbc+rgddrchg lhg

    + ^vikipo ~bv|rkfrjhg mhvogdhg kbgddrghahg fbvfhdho pogyhc# ajrprpgyh p|okrchpo kbahgoa og uo|vi'

    +

    ^BGBCO\OHG ^I^RCHPO PBFHDHO PRKFBV PBC CHJUH

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 88

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    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 86

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    ^bgbco|ohg kbgrgmraahg abchyhahg aigp|vrapo cbhecb| CHJUH' Fvbrbv b| hc'

    Pjogiah b| hc

    8??5

    8??5

    ^bgbco|ohg kbgddrghahg ebkivhcop yd fbvjrfrgd ldg |rvrghg pbc hv|bvoiuogb ebkivhc rg|ra kbkfrh| cbhecb| ah|r~ aigp|vrapo'

    Ghkrg# ~bgddrghhg hv|bvo ebkivhcop |olha olbhc pbfhdho prkfbv pbchr|idbgbo`# ahvbgh hlhgyh aik~coahpo |hkfhjhg cokf opabkoh lhvodhgddrhg pr~cho lhvhj hv|bvo citbv cokf'

    Rg|ra kbgdh|hpo khphchj loh|hp# lovhg`hgd p|rlo ~bvfhglogdhg lbvkhceofvifchp| rg|ra hv|bvo kyieofvifchp|p - pbfhdho pbc hphc rg|ra CHJUH Pjogia h b| hc' 8??4

    Buhcrhpo kyieofvifchp|p fbvhphc lhvo ubgh phebgh khgrpoh pbfhdho prkfbvpbc hc|bvgh|oe vbahyhph mhvogdhg p|vra|rv ahvloiuhparchv'

    ^bkocojhg ubgh ~bvoebv kbthaoco pbc prkfbv acogop yhgd cbfoj vbhcop|oplhvo~hlh p|vra|rv hv|bvo pbfbcrkgyh# lhg lh~h| lo~b|oa lbgdhg i~bvhpooguhpoe kogokhc' Kyieofvifchp|p loarc|rv ~hlh ~bvhg`hj ~icorvb|hg pbchkh 5kogddr# |bvfra|o khpoj chyha lodrghahg'

    P jgbcc lhg vbahgabvmh

    6>>8

    Kyieofvifchp|p hv|bvo ahvi|op yhgd lo|rvrgahg mrdh lolh~h| rg|ra~bkfhgdrghg CHJUH# ghkrg ahvbgh pbkrh mbgop pbc chog pbfbcrkgyh|bvopichpo rg|ra |rmrhg yhgd phkh# jhc ogo kbgrg|r| ~bgdivfhghg lhvop|vra|rv mhvogdhg yhgd r|rj lhg kbkfr|rjahg ~bkfblhjhg'

    Frvph b| hc'

    Pilohg b| hc'1

    Jibvp|vr~

    6>>>

    6>>>

    Hc|bvgh|oe prkfbv pbc chog = ^bgddrghhg pbc |hco ~rphv hr|idbgbo`' Pbc+pbcloopichpo kbthaoco ~i~rchpo `hk~rvhg hv|bvo |hco ~rph|# rvh|)ubog lhg mbcoTjhv|ig' \olha hlhgyh pbc bgli|bc loaigeovkhpo ~hlh og uo|vi1 pbckbgrgmraahg eo|rv loebvbgpohpo kyieofvifchp|# pb~bv|o bap~vbpo i|i| jhcrphc~jh h`|og# uokbg|og# lhg lb~ipopo aichdbg |o~b O lhg OOO'

    Ahlgbv b| hc' 6>>6h

    Pbc kbgrgmraahg chk~ovhg~bvhg hj foilbdvhlhfcb lhg kbkfbg|rap|vra|rv mhvogdhg pb~bv|o ch~ophg yhgd pbfhglogd |bvjhlh~ ~bvhg`hjrgddrchg lbgdhg pbc uhparchv'

    Jibvp|vr~ b| hc' 6>>>

    Kbpbg`jykhc p|bk `bcc *KP@/ yhgd jhlov ~hlh prkprk |rchgd ivhgdlbthph# |bchj lo|rgmraahg lh~h| fbvabkfhgd kbgmhlo fbvfhdho mhvogdhg~bgdjrfrgd# |bvkhpra |rchgd# |rchgd vhthg# i|i| lhg cbkha'

    ^o||bgdbv b| hc'

    @h~chg lhg Fvrlbv'

    8???

    6>>8

    ^bgybcoloahg ergdpo abchyhahg CHJUH kbgddrghahg p|vikh prkprk pbc|rchgd khgrpoh' ^i~rchpo pbc krlhj lohkfoc lhvo ~hpobg lbgdhg |rprahg

    pblbvjhgh ~hlh |rchgd prkprk# kbgdjoglhvo UO@ lhvo ~bkfrcrj lhvhjr|rj' Pbc |bvopichpo pbfhdohg lo|hglho lbgdhg pbmrkchj kyieofvifchp|khvabv# lhg# pb~bv|o pbc |hco ~rphv# lo|hk~ocahg rg|ra kbgdbap~vbpoahg hcehha|og i|i| ~icip lhg uokbg|og# lhg mbgop ~vilrapo aichdbg O lhg OOO'

    Ahlgbv b| hc'

    Jibvp|vr~ b| hc'

    6>>6f

    6>>6

    ^bvhg`hj ~icokbv foilbdvhlhfcb loarc|rvahg ~hlh KP@ og uo|vikbgrgmraahg p|vra|rv og|bvghc |bvivdhgopov lhg ~bgdbkfhgdhg mhvogdhglbthph' Kbpao~rg jhpocgyh kbgddbkfovhahg# hlhchj ~bg|ogdfhjth p|vikh prkprk |rchgd fbvloebvbgpohpo kbgmhlo pbc+pbc |o~b yhgdpbprho ~hlh ~bvhg`hj# lhg fhjth jhc ogo |b|h~ fbvfblh ~hlh og uoui# rg|rakbkhp|oahg ergdpo mhgdah ~hgmhgd lhg ab|hjhghg ok~chg CHJUH

    ^bvvy b| hc' 6>>0

    Pbfrhj ch~ivhg fhvr+fhvr ogo kbkfhjhp ~bgddrghhg cbhecb| ah|r~mhg|rgd# phk~cb foi~po lhvo kilbc yd fbvjrfrgd ldg kilbc iuogb pbfhdho

    prkfbv mhvogdhg fhdo arc|rv UO@ lodrghahg lhchk ehfvoahpo CHJUH'

    Khopj b| hc' 6>>0

    Kbg`hvo ~bgddhg|o yhgd olbhc rg|ra ablrh mbgop pbc fbvchgdprgd# lbgdhg~i|bgpo prkfbv+prkfbv chog yhgd kbghvoa |bvkhpra povarchpo bgli|bcoh|lhg pbc ~vidbgo|iv i|i| jhcrp

    Vheoo

    Kbvogdop b| hc'

    6>>>

    6>>6

    Ghkrg# pbkrh |bagoa fbvhprkpo fhjth ~i~rchpo pbc |vhgp~chg|hpo hahgkbg`h~ho lop|vofrpo lhg ~bvfblhhg ~ich pbc pbvr~h lbgdhg ah|r~ hpco'

    Fbv|o~hdcoh b| hc' 6>>0

    ^i~rchpo `hk~rvhg pbc i|i| ~icip lhg eofvifchp| kbthaoco UO@ loopichpo lhvo hv|bvo iuogb ebkivhc lhgabkrlohg lo|bk~h|ahg ~hlh ~bvhg`hj yhgd |bvlovo lhvo ~icydch |og *^DCH/ lhg hphk ~icydcy ico*^DH/' Aigp|vrapo abkrlohg lo|hghkahg lbgdhg pbc bgli|bc kigichybv hv|bvo ebkivhcop kbthaoco UB@pP|vra|rv cbhecb| pogdcb lo|vhgp~chg|hpoahg lhchk ~ipopo ~rckkighvo |bahghg+vbglhj lhchk kilbc iuogb'

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 80

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    P|vra|rv hr|idbgbo` kbgrgmraahg ~bveivkhgpo yhgd cbfoj fhoa lhvo~hlh hccidbgbo # yhgdkbkfhgdao|ahg vbp~igp ogechkhpo |bvhajov lhg aik~coahpo ogebapo ~hlh jip| jbthg'

    Cbhecb| fbvhphc lhvo lbvkhc eofvifchp mhrj cbfoj |bfhc# cbfoj aig|vhapo lhg arvhgd |bvivdhgopovlhvo~hlh yhgd fbvhphc lhvo kyieofvifchp|p hv|bvo'

    ^bgrcop fbv~bglh~h| fhjth pbc+pbc yhgd fbvhphc lhvo kbpilbvkhc *pb~bv|o hv|bvo kyieofvifchp|p /lh~h| kbkfbvoahg poeh| ebgi|o~oa ajrprp lhvo eofvifchp| arco| yhgd lo|rvrgahg pb`hvh b`|ilbvkhccy# kbkfrh|~i~rchpo pbc kbpilbvkhc cbfoj pbprho lodrghahg rg|ra ~bkfrh|hg CHJUH'

    ^vilrapo Aichdbg kbgogdah| ~hlh mhvogdhg gbi+phebgh $lofhglogdahg lbgdhg yhgd lofhgdrgkbgddrghahg hiv|h kyieofvifchp|p khgrpoh# pblhgdahg ~bgdrmohg kbahgoa mrdh kbgrgmraahg p|hfoco|hprgddrc lhchk p|vra|rv phebgh' Ghkrg# ahvbgh ~bgbco|ohg pbfbcrkgyh pbfhdohg fbphv kbgddrghahg pbc hv|bvo#~vilrapo p|vra|rv ~bg|ogd choggyh lhg ~bvh|rvhg kicbarc khpoj jhvrp lombchpahg'

    ^bgbco|ohg kbgrgmraahg hlhgyh lb~ipopo aichdbg |o~b O lhg OOO# kbpao~rg ~hlh |ogdah| vbglhj yhgdlo~vilrapo hlhchj DD# lhg |olha hlh ch~ivhg ~vilrapo bchp|og'

    Hlh mrdh mrkchj fh|hphg chog rg|ra p|rlo ogo# yho|r thchr~rg kyieofvifchp|p Tjhv|ig mbco# hv|bvorkfoco hc `ivl h|hr pbc oglbvoubl kbthao prkfbv pbc yhgd kbgmhgmoahg# ~bgrcop kbgyhmoahg pbfrhj p|rlolbgdhg $`hk~rvhg$ ~i~rchpo pbc lhvo pbkrh |odh p|vra|rv' \bvcojh| mrdh hlhgyh ab|bvfh|hphg ahvha|bvophpookrgijop|iaokoh lhvo ~i~rchpo `hk~rvhg' P|rlo ahvha|bvophpo cbfoj chgmr| pbc krvgo lhvo pb|oh~ prkfbv hahglo~bvcrahg rg|ra ~bglbah|hg ogo'

    ^bgybcoloahg cbfoj chgmr| kbahgopkb lhg ~bvfblhhg pogyhc chgdprgd pbc p|vikh prkprk |rchgdlo~bvcrahg pbfbcrk ~bgdbghchg lhchk ~bgdh|rvhg acogop'

    Kbpao~rg fbfbvh~h jhpoc kbgmhgmoahg |bchj lo~bvicbj kbgddrghahg mbgop pbc |bvpbfr|# pbc ~bgddhg|oolbhc rg|ra CHJUH hlhchj UO@ lhg UB@ gyh pbglovo'

    Lhchk abfhgyhahg ahprp# ~vipblrv foi~po |olha kbgdaik~vokhpo ergdpo cbhecb|# lbgdhgpbfhdohg fbphv jbthg kbgrgmrahg ah|r~ r|rj cbhecb| givkhc ~hlh ~bkbvoaphhg hgh|iko khyh| *? lhvo 80/'

    ^bgbco|ohg mhgdah ~hgmhgd lo~bvcrahg *~bgybcoloahg ~bvoilb khapokrk fbvrpoh 84 kogddr/# ghkrgmrkchj pbc yhgd kbg`rar~o |olha krgdao lolh~h| lbgdhg kbgdopichpo lhg kbgdarc|rvahg lhvo prkfbv foi~poab`oc rg|ra ~bgddrghhg acogop' Jhc ogo loab|hjro fhjth ~bgrvrghg mrkchj pbc lbgdhg rpoh# kbkfrh| |bagoa ogoarvhgd chyha lo|bvh~ahg rg|ra ~hpbog |rh' Vopoai ~hlh ah|r~ foi~po krgdaog mrdh |bvchcr |ogddo rg|rakbkfbghvahg ~bv`ifhhg chgdprgd lbgdhg khgrpoh'

    Lhchk p|rlo pbfbcrkgyh# lh|h kbgdbgho ~vieoc ebgi|o~oa pbc+pbc pb|bchj lo|hghkahg ab lhchk~bvhg hj phgdh| |bvfh|hp# lhg p|rlo khph lb~hg ~bvcr kbkfbvoahg ~vieoc ahvha|bvophpo bap|bgpoe mhvogdhg#fhoa pbfbcrk ok~chg|hpo khr~rg pbchkh p|rlo |oglha chgmr| mhgdah ~hgmhgd'

    Jhc yhgd phgdh| kbgmhgmoahg hlhchj fhjth pbc fh|hgd bkfvoi lhg lbthph hahg kbgmhlo prkfbvlhyh fbvjhvdh rg|ra ~bkfhgdrghg pbmrkchj mhvogdhg bz uoui# |bvkhpra ah|r~ mhg|rgd'

    UHVOHPO ^BVHG@HJ PBFHDHO \BK^CH\B B@K CHJUH

    ^BVHG@HJ ^ICOKBV POG\B\OA FOILBDVHLHFCB

    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    ^bgbvh~hg ~icokbv foilbdvhlhfcb ^DH lhg hphk ~icych`|o` *^CH/# lhgaik~ipo| ~icokbv ogo *^DCH/# lhchk ~bgdbkfhgdhg lhvo CHJUH ~hlh@joclvbg$p Jip~o|hc# lo Fip|ig ~bv|bgdhjhg |hjrg 8??>+hg |bvhajov'

    Pjogiah b| hc'

    Fvbrbv b| hc'

    Pjogiah b| hc'

    ]rgl b| hc'

    8??2

    8??2

    8??5

    8??4

    ^bvhg`hj |bvlovo lhvo kbpj ^DCH tiubg loh~o| lrh cbkfhv ^DH gig+tiubgkbpj' Aigp|vrapo ~bv|hkh ahco lo|hghkahg lbgdhg hv|bvo kyieofvifchp|p#ablrh lbgdhg pbc bgli|jbcohc hv|bvo # lhg abkrlohg lo|vhgp~chg|hpoahgpbfhdho cbhecb| |rgddhc ab ~ipopo ~hvr lhchk kilbc yd fbvjrfrgd ldgiuogb' Pbc |hghk yhgd lo|hk~ocahg fbv|hjhg lhchk p|vra|rv pb|bchj 5kogddr og uoui'

    Pjogiah b| hc' 8??5

    ^bkbvoaphhg jop|icidop lhvo p|vra|rv cbhecb| ~hp`h kiv|bk kbgdrgdah~ahgpbcrchv hvpo|ba|rv lhg p|vra|rv mhvogdhg pbvr~h lbgdhg ah|r~ yhgd hpco#kbpao~rg ogechkhpo vbp~ig lhg aik~coahpo haofh| ogebapo ~hlh p|rlo jbthg

    Pjogiah b| hc' 8??2

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 8

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    kbgmhlo fra|o yhgd mbchp '

    ^bvhg`hj mrdh fbv|hjhg pbchkh pb|olhagyh 5 kogddr pb|bchj ok~chg|hpo'Hlh fra|o ~vilrapo bchp|og lhg aichdbg lo cbhecb|# yhgd kbkocoao poeh| kbahgoakovo~ lbgdhg cbhecb| hpco'

    Pjogiah b| hc' 8??5

    Abfbvjhpochg ~bgbco|ohg ogo |bvfh|hp# ghkrg# ~icokbv ^DH+^CH |bvfra|o|bvchcr okkhccbhfcb rg|ra fbvergdpo pbfhdho p|vra|rv cbhecb| ah|r~ ecbapofbc'

    ^bgbco|ohg rg|ra kbkfhglogdahg |hgddh~hg pbc foicidop hr|idbgbo` yhgdlopbkho ~hlh ~bvhg hj ^DH+^CH lbgdhg kbghghkahg ablrh p|vra|rv~hlh ~ipopo ~hvr lhvo jbthg yhgd phkh# dhdhc rg|ra kbg h~hoabchgdprgdhg jolr~ mhgdah ~hgmhgd jbthg lbgdhg ~bgddhg|ohg cbhecb|ah|r~ dhglh# lopbfhfahg abdhdhchg mhg|rgd ahvbgh ogpreebpobgpo uhcuhvfbvkr|r |ogddo' Ghkrg# Abaharhg hthc yhgd |ogddo lhg Ab|bfhchg~bvhg`hj ^DH+ CH kbgmhkog ~bgybcoloahg ~icokbv fhvr'

    Aok lhg vbahg 6>>8

    Buhcrhpo ~bgddrghhg ~icyjylvizyi`|hgih|b *^JI/ pbfhdho fhdohg lhvoaik~ipo| ~bvhg`hj rg|ra |bv`o~|hgyh CHJUH' Ehfvoahpo uhcubl `iglro||bvlovo lhvo foikh|bvohc yhgd fbvfblh=

    + ^bgdjrfrgd loglogd |bvlovo lhvo ch~ophg eock gig+~ivo ^JI *6k |bfhc/|bvmb~o| lo hg|hvh lrh ch~ophg gig+tiubg ^DH ebc| *pb|oh~ 8kk |bfhc/

    + Cbhecb| |bvlovo lhvo kigichybv ^JI fbv~ivo *86>k |bfhc/# lhg lomhjo| abloglogd phcrvhg kbgddrghahg mhjo|hg ~icyloizhgigb'

    ^bkbvoaphhg koavipi~ pb|bchj bz~chg|h|oig kbgdrgdah~ahg p|vra|rv yhgdpbvhdhk# mhvogdhg fbvpbvh| lbgdhg mrkchj p|hoghfcb aichdbg lhg~vi|bidcoahg yhgd `rar~ podgoeoahg# |b|h~o |hg~h hlhgyh bchp|og p|hoghfcb'Ghkrg# ~bvhg`hj ^JI khpoj |bvcojh| ~hlh phcrvhg lhg cbhecb| pb|bchj 6>>

    P|rlo |hkfhjhg kbcofh|ahg b|hahg ~bvhg`hj ^JI fbv~ivo kbgmhlo thlhjah|r~ |vocbhecb|+kbchcro ~bgdichjhg |bagoa |bvkhc# lbgdhg ~bkfofo|hg hv|bvoahvi|op kyieofvifchp|p iuogb lhg pbc bgli|bc ~bkfrcrj ghlo' ^bkfrh|hg#|hg~h mhjo|hg ~icyloizhgigb# lo|hghk ab lhchk ~ipopo ~hvr+~hvr kilbc

    iuogb# lhg lo~hgbg pb|bchj 8+84 kogddr' Pbkrh aigp|vrapo ah|r~ lofrahlhg lo|r|r~ pb`hvh pogavig# kbgrgmraahg ~bgogdah|hg lohkb|bv lhchk lhglokbgpo ~hgmhgd' P`hggogd bcba|vig kbgrgmraahg hcovhg ~bvkrahhg jhcrplo cbhecb|# kbpao~rg |bagoa jop|icidop |olha kbgrgmraahg bgli|bcorkaigecrbg'

    Ab|bvfh|hphg ogo kbk~bgdhvrjo lhyh |hjhg p|vra|rv mhgdah ~hgmhgd'Hlhgyh fra|o lb~ipopo aichdbg lhg DHD# |b|h~o aigp|vrapo |olha kbkocoaobchp|og' Pbkrh aigp|vrapo ah|r~ kbgrgmraahg p|bgipop vogdhg# vbdrvdo|hpo#lhg vbhapo ogechkhpo' Fhjhg ~bvhg`hj fbvhlh |b|h~ pb|bchj 84 kogddr oguoui# lhg p|rlo mhgdah ~hgmhgd cbfoj chgmr| lo~bvcrahg rg|ra kbkhg|hrlbdvhlhpo cbgdah~ ~bvhg`hj'

    Pilohg b| hc' 6>>>f

    ^bvhg`hj ^JI lobuhcrhpo pbfhdho hc|bvgh|oe ^DH + ^CH# |b|h~o kbgrgmraahgtha|r lbdvhlhpo yhgd cbfoj chkh ~hlh og uoui# lhg |olha `rar~ lodhg|oahg

    icbj mhvogdhg fhvr pb|bchj 6< kogddr'

    Frvph b| hc' 6>>>

    Giubc kh|bvohc aik~ipo| ~bvhg`hj |bvlovo lhvo ^DH loch~opo lbgdhg ch~ophg|o~op ~ico+>>h

    ^bkfrh|hg loaiglopoahg ~hlh ~bghghkhg chkfp lhvo pbc pbc yhgd lo~hgbg#kbgb|h~ pbchkh 6> kogddr' Pb|bchj aiglopoigogd og uo|vi# aigp|vrapo

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 82

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    kbgrgmraahg=

    + ^bgogdah|hg pog|bpop B@K#

    + P|vra|rv og|bvghc yhgd cbfoj |bvivdhgopov lhg

    + ^bgogdah|hg poeh| kbahgoa kbchcro aig|vic p|h|op'

    Cbhecb| kbgrgmraahg hvpo|ba|rv fbvch~op pb|bchj 85 lhg 6> kogddr# lbgdhgch~ophg p~igdp yhgd cigddhv# kbgdhglrgd bchp|og lhg DD ~hlh~bvkrahhg hvrp khpra *ubg|voabc/# lhg ch~ophg pbvh| yhgd cbfoj

    kbgdhglrgd aichdbg ~hlh ~bvkrahhg hvrp abcrhv *Hv|bvo/'Ghkrg# ah|r~ kbgrgmraahg kilbvh| vbdrvdo|hpo ~hlh 6> kogddr# lhgjhgyh pbfhdohg pbc bgli|bc kbgr|r~o ~bvkrahhg cbhecb|'

    ^BVHG@HJ MHVOGDHG LBPBCRCHV

    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    ^bglbah|hg lbpbcrchv lh~h| kbgdrvhgdo vbp~igp okrg lhvo jip| ab ah|r~foi~vip|jb|o` lhg kbgdjhpocahg fhjhg hchko rg|ra lodrghahg lhchkh~coahpo |bagoa mhvogdhg'

    P`jkol| lhg Fhobv 6>>>

    ^bgdbkfhgdhg ~vipbp bap|vhapo pbc rg|ra ah|r~ mhg|rgd lbpbcrchv

    kbgddrghahg ablrh lb|bvmbg *\vo|ig Z+8>>/ lhg bg}ok *LGHpb# VGHpb/'

    Tocpig# lhg vbahg 8??2

    ^vipbp kbgdjochgdahg kbkfvhg pbc# hphk gracbh|# co~ol# po|i~chpkhp|vra|rv# lhg kicbarc kh|voap chvr|# pbkbg|hvh kbk~bv|hjhgahg aichdbglhg bchp|og B@K yhgd pbprho rg|ra vbpbcrchvophpo'

    ]bc|ogdbv b| hc' 6>>8

    Pb|bchj ph|r frchg# |oglha chgmr| kbgddrghahg lbpbcrchv hccidvhe|p ~hlhpbfrhj kilbc `hgogb# jop|icido bap~chg kbgrgmraahg |olha hlh ~vipbpogechkhpo# ~hvpohc UO@ ogeoc|vhpo ~hlh lhphv uhcuhv # lhg bgli|jbcohcoph|oig~hvpohc' Pblhgdahg p|rlo bgdh~rvhg mhgdah ~hgmhgd |olha locharahg'

    Tocpig b| hc' 8??2

    Kbgddrghahg p|vh|bdo lbpbcrchvophpo Tocpig b| hc' *8??2/# rg|rakbgrgmraahg ~bghghkhg abkfhco hpbcrchv ah|r~ hiv|h fhfo lbgdhg pbcbgli|bc khgrpoh# yhgd kbgdjhpocahg ~bvkrahhg kigichybv lhvo pbc+pbcpbjh|' Bgli|jbcohcoph|oig lhvo CHJUHp kbvr~hahg eha|iv ~vb`iglo|oigogd

    ~bg|ogd# lhchk vhgdah kbgdrvhgdo vbpoai |jvikfidbgo` '^bgrcop kbgrgmraahg p|vra|rv hpbcrchv fbphv kbcog|hpo ab|bfhchg cbhecb|'Mhvogdhg aichdbg krg`rc pb~bv|o thubcoab# ~hlh mhvogdhg ah|r~ givkhc#ghkrg hlh vrhgd og|bveofvocchv fbphv yhgd krgdaog kbk~bgdhvrjo poeh|kbahgoa mhvogdhg' Kbkrgdaoghg rg|ra kbgdb`rhcoahg abjhlovhg pophpoph pbcrchv lhchk p|vra|rv mhvogdhg'

    Fhlbv lhg vbahg 8??:

    Eha|iv ~bg|ogd# pb~bv|o poph+poph pbcrcbv |bchj loaho|ahg lbgdhg ahcpoeoahpolhchk ~bgybcoloahg koavipai~op'

    Uhcbg|b b| hc'

    P`jibg b| hc'

    8?:2

    8?:2

    Bap|vhapo poph+poph pbcrchv mrdh jhvrp kbkogokhcahg vbp~ig okrg' P`jkol| lhg Fhobv 6>>>

    Fhlbv lhg vbahg kbk~bv~bv~hgmhgd p|rlo kbvbah ab lhchk h~coahpo uouilhvo ~bvhg`hj kh|voap ah|r~ h`bccrchv yhgd loaiglopoahg icbj |bagoa

    mhvogdhg og uo|vi kbgddrghahg pbc hr|idbgbo`'

    Kyieofvifchp|p hv|bvo ahvi|op lhg pbc bgli|bc loo|hkfhjahg pb`hvhfbvrvr|hg rg|ra h`bccrchvopbl phcrvhg ah|r~ ~hvr lhg lo|hghk ab kilbciuogb' Cbhecb| ah|r~ lbgdhg bgli|jbcohcopbl cbgdah~ |bvfbg|ra pbchkh >>

    ^bglbah|hg lb`bccrchvoph|oig hlhchj lhphv rg|ra ah|r~ aikbvpohcyhgd |bvpbloh# PygbvDvhe|\K lo~vilrapo icbj @vyiCoeb Og`# RPH' ^vipbplb`bccrchvoph|oig PygbvDvhe|\K kbcofh|ahg pbc copop lhchk hov p|bvoc#

    I$Fvobg b| hc' 8???

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 85

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    bg}okh|oa ~bg bvghhg hphk gracbh| *bg}ok VGhpb lhg LGhpb lhchkfreebv yhgd |olha lo|bg|rahg/# looar|o icbj ~bvoilb ~bkfrhgdhg opi|igoapbchkh fbfbvh~h jhvo' ^vipbp ogo loabkfhgdahg rg|ra kbgddhg|oahg~bgddrghhg jrfrgdhg pochgd dcr|hvhclbjol rg|ra kbkfh|hpo hg|odbgo`o|yzbgidvhe|' ^bkbvoaphhg jop|icidop pb|bchj ok~chg|hpo 82> jhvo lhchkkilbc fhfo kbgdrgdah~ahg cbhecb| r|rj lbgdhg ogdvit|j lhvokyieofvifchp|p jip| lhg |olha hlh fra|o rg|ra ahcpoeoahpo'

    Ghkrg ah|r~ aikbvpohg ogo loch~ivahg kbgdhchko abdhdhchg hthc phh|

    lo`ifhahg ~hlh khgrpoh lbgdhg ~vipbp |bvpbfr| lo h|hp *IFvobg 8???/'Kh|voap PygbvDvhe|\K kbgokfrcahg vbp~ig ogechkhpo yhgd arh| yhgdhthcgyh |olha p~bpoeoa lhg looar|o icbj vbp~ig cokeipo|'Abdhdhchg P|vra|rvhc h|hr lbdbgbvhpo `b~h| lhvo ah|r~ |bvmhlo lhchktha|r ph|r |hjrg' \olha hlh vb~i~rchpo pbc jip| ~hlh kh|voz ah|r~ lhgfra|o rg|ra lb~ipo| ahcpoeoahpo lhg poph+poph pbcrchv ~vh+ok~chg|hpo lh~h|kbgrgmraahg khphchj khgreha|rv'

    Pokig b| hc' 6>>0

    Hdbg Ah|r~ mhg|rgd lb`bccrchvopogd yhgd olbhc khpoj fbcrk loab|hjro'Hdbg ~hcogd beopobg yhgd lo|bg|rahg fhvr fhvr ogo lhvo pbfrhj ~hgbc `hcig*\vo|ig Z+8>># gh|vork lilbpoc prceh| *PLP/# lbizy`jich|b gh|vork# KBDH`jh~p 8># \gF^# lhg \tbbg 6>/ kbgrgmraahg fhjth jhgyh PLP *>#>0 +8"/ h|hr gh|vork lbizy`jich|b *>#2 + 6"/ kbgdjhpocahg lbpbcrchvophpo|i|hc pb|bchj 6< mhk'

    Ghkrg# abkrgdaoghg abvh`rghg vbhdbg lb`bccrchvoph|oig |b|h~ kbgmhloeha|iv ~bgybcoloahg'

    Fii|j lhg aicbdh 6>>6

    Kh|voap foicidop h bccrchv kbghthvahg pbfrhj eopoicidop |bk~ch|b# kbkocoao ~i|bgporg|ra bgli|jbcohcoph|oig lbgdhg jip| UB@p lopbao|hvgyh lhg vb~i~rch|oig icbj ci`hc UO@' Pb`hvh |bivo|op# UB@hahg kbkfbg|ra ch~ophg ~bvkrahhg gig+|jvikfidbgo` # pbkbg|hvh UO@ hahg kbgybfhfahg |rvgiubv kh|voap~hlh ah|rf'

    ^vipbp ogo ~hlh hajovgyh hahg kbgdrfhj kh|voap h`bccrchv hccidbgbo` h|hr zbgidbgbo` ab pbfrhjhr|idbgo` r|hkh mhvogdhg ah|r~ jolr~# lbgdhg ~bgrvrghg aigarvbg |bvjhlh~ vbp~ig okrg'

    Hlh fbvfhdho kb|ilicid |bvpbloh rg|ra lb`bccrchvoph|oig mhvogdhg ah|r~ mhg|rgd# |bvkhpra ~bvhth|hglb|bvmbg# bg}ok ~bg`bvghhg# jy~i+)jy~bv|igo` ~bvbglhkhg lhg pigoahpo'

    P|rlo ahvha|bvophpo cbfoj vog`o |bg|hgd ~bvhg`hj kh|voap phgdh| ~bg|ogd rg|ra kbgbg|rahg aik~ipopo

    kh|voap yhgd pbprho lhg ~bgdjh~rphg cbgdah~ poph+poph pbcrchv' Poeh| foikbahgop kh|voap mhvogdhg ah|r~lbpbcrchv ~bvcr lohghcopop cbfoj chgmr|'

    ^BVHG@HJ ^ICOKBV HCHK FOILBDVHLHFCB

    Pbmrkchj ~icokbv foilbdvhlhfcb hchko |bchj lo|bco|o pbfhdho ~i|bgpo p|vra|rv kh|voap CHJUH# ahvbghkbghthvahg cogdargdhg yhgd cbfoj hpco lhvo p|vra|rv pog|b|oa ab pbc'

    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    Kh|voap H`bccrchv prfkraiph rprp ab`oc *POP/ |bvopichpo rg|ra kbkfhgdrgmhvogdhg ~bgddhg|o'

    Fhlycha b| hc'Fhlycha b| hc#

    8?:?8??:

    ^bgbvh~hg kh|voap POP fhfo pbfhdho ~bvhg`hj vbpivfhfcb rg|ra

    ~bgddhg|ohg cbhecb| ah|r~ ~hvr lhchk kilbc fhfo' Hghcopop aigp|vrapokbgdrgdah~ahg vbpiv~po lhvo kh|voap prfkraiph# ~bgddhg|ohg ~vidvbpoelbgdhg mhvogdhg oah| fbvpbvh| lhg uhp`rchvoph|oig # pbvr~h lbgdhg cbhecb|jip|' ^bglbah|hg ogo krg`rc rg|ra kbgdjhpocahg vbpiv~po cbgdah~ lhvo~bvhg`hj yhgd lo|hghkahg lhchk ~bvfhglogdhg h~coahpo kh|voap ah|r~lbpbccrchvophpo''

    Kh|jbgy lhg aicbdh 6>>>

    ^bgddrghhg dbc eofvog pbfhdho ~bvhg`hj hr|idbgoa hchk ~hlh vbahyhphmhvogdhg ah|r~ mhg|rgd' Pbc+p|vra|rv dbc eofvog lofhgdrg kbgddrghahgkyieofvifchp|p hiv|h khgrpoh |bvprp~bgpo lhchk chvr|hg eofvogidbg#|vikfog lhg ahcpork acivolh *@h@c6/ yhgd kbkrgdaogahg rg|ra~icykbvopb ~hlh 04 @' Dbc eofvog kbvr~hahg ~icokbv foilbdvhlhfcb

    _b lhg hpipohpo 6>>>

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 84

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    yhgd lh~h| lojhpocahg lhvo lhvhj ~hpobg pbglovo'

    Kbloh ~bv|rkfrjhg ~vipbp dbc eofvog locbgdah~o lbgdhg C+hpaivfh| 6+eipeh| hphk + ~viki|iv arh| pog|bpop aichdbg *Dvoggbc 8?:?/ lhg uhvohpoaigpbg|vhpo h~vi|ogog# ~vi|bhpb ogjofo|iv rg|ra kbgdh|rv lhg kbgdig|vicchmr lbdvhlhpo' P|rlo koavipai~ kbgrgmraahg lop|vofrpo pbc jikidbgy lhgpog|bph aichdbg'' Lbdhvhlhpo loaig|vic lbgdhg ~bvrfhjhg aigpbg|vhpo

    H~vi|ogog''

    Dvoggbcc b| hc' 8?:?

    Ogubp|odhpo ~bgdbkfhgdhg |bagoa _b *6>>>/ ~hlh mhvogdhg

    pb|hvh$ahvloiuhparchv $ icbj \vhgxrocci lhg vbahg locharahg'

    Dvhppc b| hc'

    Gbolbv| b| hc'

    6>>6

    6>>6

    \bagoa `b|ha mrdh |bchj loabkfhgdahg rg|ra h~coahpo pbgyhth yhgdlodrghahg rg|ra ehfvoahpo |vocbhecb| ah|r~ mhg|rgd ' @b|hahg yhgd lh~h|loh|rv |bvlovo lhvo $hiv|h$ lhg $ubg|voabc$ p|hk~ lofhgdrg lhvo hcrkogork#lhg lodrghahg rg|ra kbg`b|ha p|vra|rv |vocbhecb| dbc eofvog yhgdlo|hghkahg lbgdhg kyieofvifchp|p lhchk tha|r 8 mhk' Mhvogdhg lh~h|kbghjhg mhjo|hg# kbpao~rg kbahgoa og|bdvo|hp |olha `rar~ rg|raok~chg|hpo chgdprgd'

    ^bgyrpr|hg p|vra|rv dbc kbgyhmoahg aik~coahpo' Ghkrg# kilbc dbc eofvogkbkocoao pbmrkchj abrg|rgdhg yho|r =

    + ^bvhg hj lh~h| lojhpocahg pb`hvh chgdprgd lhvo phk~bc lhvhj ~hpobgpbglovo pbjogddh kbgdjochgdahg vopoai ~bgichahg

    + Chmr lbdvhlhpo lh~h| loaig|vic lhg+ Lop|vofrpo pbc yhgd jikidbg lh~h| lo`h~ho ~hlh ~icokbvophpo'

    Mi`abgjibubc b| hc' 6>>8H

    Pbvh| aichdbg fbvmhvha ~hgmhgd kbgyblohahg pbfhdohg fbphv poeh| kbahgoa lhg abarh|hg |hvoa ah|r~ mhg|rgd#^bkfrh|hg ah|r~ kbgddrghahg ^bvhg`hj aichdbg hchk `rar~ kbgmhlo ~ocojhg cidop'

    Aicchdbgp hlhchj okrgidbgoa yhgd cbkhj lofhglogdahg ~vi|bog p|vra|rvhcchoggyh# ahvbgh |ogdah| jikicido yhgd fbphv lo pbcrvrj p~bpobp# lhgfoilbdvhlhfcb ~hlh p|vra|rv hchk ~vi|boggyh

    @jbuhcchy lhgJomhrhg#

    6>>>

    ^bvhg hj Aichdbg |bchj lopbcoloao rg|ra ~vilrapo mhvogdhg pb~bv|o ah|r~mhg|rgd kbgddrghahg pbc |rvrghg khgrpoh lhg fhfo1

    Vbahyhph Avoidbgoahc |rvrghg kh|voap |o~b aichdbg O lhvo mhvogdhg arco|ph~o# lbgdhg rarvhg ~ivo jikidbg lhvo k lhg ~ivipo|hp ?:"' Kh|voaplo~i|igd kbgmhlo p|vra|rv lop` lhg fbvrvr|hg lo|hghk lbgdhg pbc i|i|

    ~icip hiv|h khgrpoh h|hr fhfo'

    P|vra|rv abkrlohg lo|hghk lbgdhg pbc bgli|bc hiv|h fhfo lhg lo~bcojhvhlhchk arc|rv pbchkh 6: jhvo' Pbfrhj kiveicido pb~bv|o mhvogdhg lohkh|o~hlh pbkrh phk~bc# lo ovoahg icbj fbfbvh~h ch~ophg pbc lbgdhgaik~igbg B@K pog|bph fhvr' ^vi|bidcoahg lhg ~vi|bog eofvigba|og B@Klhg |jvikfip~iglog mrdh lociahophpoahg'

    Vi|jbgfrvdbv'b| hc'

    Echghdhg b| hc'

    \hyciv b| hc'

    6>>8

    6>>6

    6>>6

    ^bglbah|hg chog rg|ra ~bkfhgdrghg mhvogdhg kbgddrghahg fhjhg $hchko$lbgdhg kbk~vilrapo mhvogdhg aik~cb| hr|idbgbo` khgrpoh |hg~hkbgddrghahg ~bvhg`hj ~bglrargd'

    Kyieofvifchp|p loarc|rv lhchk ~ovogd fbphv#kblork lo|hkfhjahg lbgdhg C+hpaivfh| hphk 6+Eipeh| rg|ra kbk~vikipoahg ~vilrapo bap|vhpbcrcbvkh|voap' Cbkfhvhg pbc abkrlohg lofbg|ra |bvco~h| kbgmhlocbkfhvhg

    xrhlvochkoghv lhg lo~hphgd ~hlh arc|rv yhgd lopbprhoahg evhkbgyh'Arc|rvophpo pbchkh < kogddr# kbgrgmraahg ~ich mhvogdhg krc|ochybv#lbgdhg pbc+pbc pbjh| ha|oe loabcocogdo icbj kh|voap bap|vhpbcrcbv'

    Pbc yhgd kbkhlho# pbvhdhk lhg lh~h| lovb~vilrapo# lo|hghkahg ~hlh~bvhg`hj ~icokbv hchko lhg pog|b|op kbgdjhpocahg abprco|hg lhchkh~coahpogyh lo ch~hgdhg'

    Lhchk rphjh kbgogdah|ahg ~bvhg`hj kb|ilb pbc+~bgybkhohg # _bkbgrgmraahg abkrgdaoghg ~bch~ophg ~bvhg`hj ~bch~ophg lbgdhg kh|bvohchr|icidrp B@K aik~h|ofbc okrgi'

    _b lhg vbahg 6>>>f

    ^bgogdah|hg kb|ilb pbc+~bgybkhohg lbgdhg kbgdi~|okhcahg og|bvuhc pbc~bgybkhohg *yho|r mhgdah tha|r hg|hvh ~vipblrv ~bkfbgojhg

    ]rgl lhg vbahg 8???

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 8:

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    fbvoar|gyh/' Og|bvuhc ~bgybkhohg yhgd cbfoj ~hgmhgd yho|r 6< + 05+mhkkbgdjhpocahg chk~ovhg pbc yhgd cbfoj |ogddo lhg ~bv|rkfrjhg pbc lo~bvhg`hj ^DH# krgdaog lopbfhfahg $~vh+`iglo|oigogd$ lhvo~bghghkhg ~bvhg`hj icbj pbc+pbc yhgd pbfbcrkgyh lo|b|h~ahg'

    I~|okhpo |bagoa ~bgybkhohg `b~h| kbgmhlo jhc ~bg|ogd lhchk ehfvoahpoCHJUH# rg|ra kbkhapokhcahg ~bgddrghhg pbc ligiv# kbk~bv`b~h|~vicoebvhpo lhg loebvbgpohpo pbc fbvoar|gyh# pbv|h kbgrvrgahg tha|rarc|rvophpo# lhg kbgyblohahg lop|vofrpo pbc yhgd pbvhdhk

    Urgmha+Giuhaiuo`# b|hc'

    8??:

    Lbphog ah|r~ HU krgdaog kbkbvcrahg ~bghkfhjhg aik~igbg chog lhvoh~hvh| ah|r~ HU# |bvkhpra aivlh |bglogbh lhg ~h~ocbv i|i|

    Frvph` b| hc'

    ]okkbvkhg b| hc#

    8???

    6>>6

    ^bgddrghhg p|bvbico|idvheo rg|ra kbk~vilrapo kilbc ~chp|oa lbgdhgvb~vbpbg|hpo p~hpohc pb~bv|o hiv|h lhg ah|r~ ~rckighvo khgrpoh'' Kilbc ogoabkrlohg lodrghahg rg|ra kbkfrh| ~bvhg`hj pbc ah|r~ mhg|rgdkbgddrghahg ~ico+0+jylvizyi`|hgih|b+`i+0+jylvizyjbzhgih|b *^JIJ/lhg >81 Tbp|ig lhg _idhgh|jhg# 6>>81 ]bc|ogdbvb| hc'# 6>>81 Mi`abgjibubc b| hc'# 6>>61 Lrkig| b| hc'# 6>>61 ^bvvy b| hc# 6>>0'1 Bgdbckhyv b| hc'# 6>>0/'

    \bkh bgbco|ohg ^bgbco|o \hjrg

    Phchj ph|r kb|ilb kbahgop hlhchj kbvhgdphgd pbc rg|ra kbgdjhpocahgkiveidbgbpop mhvogdhg yhgd kbk~bv|hjhgahg ~hlh arc|rv opikb|voa p|vhog

    P|i~ha lhg Jhvvop# 8?:6

    Hlhgyh ~bgogdah|hg pog|bpop aichdbg lhg ivdhgophpo mhvogdhg ~bvhg hjCHJUH |bv~hphgd lhchk fogdaho arc|rv yhgd kbkfbvoahg p|vhog opikb|voa

    Jibvp|vr~ b| hc'# 8???

    Hlhgyh ~bgogdah|hg pog|bpop aichdbg lhg ivdhgophpo mhvogdhg ~hlh

    ~bvhg`hj CHJUH |bv~hphgd lhchk fogdaho arc|rv yhgd kbkfbvoahgp|vra|rv ~bvfh|hphg+|b|h~ eofvog dbc

    Mi`abgjibubc b| hc'# 6>>8f

    Hlhgyh ~bgogdah|hg pog|bpop aichdbg lhg ivdhgophpo mhvogdhg ~hlh~bvhg`hj CHJUH |bv~hphgd lhchk fogdaho arc|rv yhgd kbkfbvoahg~bvhg`hj poacop+p|vhogbl

    Kic b| hc# 6>>0

    Poeh| kbahgoa yhgd lo~bvicbj Goachpig b| h lbgdhg aigp|vrapo vbahyhphmhvogdhg uhparc|hv kbgdarc|rvophpo lofhthj aiglopo hcovhg ~rcph|ocb)fbvlbgyr|# kbkfr|rjahg ~bgdbkfhgdhg pop|bk foivbha|iv rg|rakbk~bvfhoao p|vra|rv kbahgoa CHJUHp'

    Goachpig b| hc'# 8???

    Kbvhg`hgd lhg kbkfhgdrg pbfrhj pop|bk hcovhg rg|ra kbgybcoloao Mi`abgjibubc b| hc'# 6>>6

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 8?

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    ~bgdhvrj aiglopo hcovhg chkoghv ~hlh ~bkfbg|rahg B@K lhg~bgdbkfhgdhg mhvogdhg ~hlh pbc |hghk ~bvhg`hj ~icokbv pog|b|oafoilbdvhlhfcb'

    Pop|bk ogo beopobg lhchk kbgmhdh aiglopo p|bvoc arc|rv # lhg ~vilrapokh|voap bap|vhpbcrchv pb`hvh podgoeoahg# cbfoj |ogddo lhvo aig|vic p|h|op

    Phh| ogo ~bv`ifhhg lhchk lbphog lhg ~bgdbkfhgdhg prh|r pop|bk ajrprprg|ra arc|rv loghkop lhvo p|vra|rv eofvog lhg aichdbg dbc CHJUH pblhgdfbvchgdprgd

    Echghdhg lhgMi`abgjibubc# jhpoc|olha lo|bvfo|ahg

    Pop|bk hcovhg fbvlbgyr| mrdh |bchj lovbahyhph rg|ra aiglopo ~hlh mhvogdhg~h|`j koiahvl lhg ah|r~ mhvogdhg mhg|rgd |vocbhecb| og uo|vi'

    Pop|bk lr~coah|iv ~rcph lovhg`hgd rg|ra kbgrkfrjahg CHJUHp pb`hvhfbv|hjh~ kbgogdah|ahg hcovhg lhg aiglopo |bahghg rg|ra p|okrchpo eopoayhgd lojhlh~o og uoui' P|vra|rv aiglopo kbgrgmraahg ~bgdbglh~hg cbfoj|ogddo B@K# kbgogdah|ahg ivdhgophpo mhvogdhg lhg poeh| kbahgoa yhgd cbfojfhoa lhvo~hlh yhgd lo|hghk ~hlh aiglopo p|h|op'

    Jibvp|vr~ b| hc'#1Pilohg b| hc#

    6>>>f6>>8

    Beopobgpo aicigophpo ah|r~ fhfo lbgdhg ~bvhg`hj lb`bccrchvopbl lbvkhceofvifchp khgrpoh kbgddrghahg foivbha|iv hcovhg ~gbrkh|oa' H~coahpohcovhg ecrolh fbvlbgyr| lo|rgmraahg rg|ra kbvhgdphgd ~vilrapo B@K lhg~vicoebvhpo pbc# kbgogdah|ahg og|bdvo|hp p|vra|rvhc lhvo CHJUH'

    ]bc|ogdbv b| hc' */ 6>>8

    Abcbkhjhg r|hkh ~hlh pbkrh pop|bk hcovhg fbvlbgyr|# hlhchj fh|hp

    mrkchj rmo phk~bc * jhgyh ph|r phk~bc CHJUH lh~h| loaiglopoahg ~hlhph|r tha|r/# yhgd |olha kbghthvahg jhpoc yhgd podgoeoahg pb`hvhp|h|op|oa' Jhpocgyh mrdh |bvfh|hp ~hlh aikfoghpo lhvo vhgphgdhg kbahgoa #lhvo~hlh kbgdhkh|o beba p|okrcrp |rgddhc# pb~bv|o chkoghv dbpbv lhgp|rlo ab|bdhgdhg opikb|voa yhgd pbfbcrkgyh locharahg

    Jibvp|vr~ b| hc'#

    Mi`abgjibubc b| hc'#

    8???1

    6>>6

    P|rlo lbphog foivbha|iv |bvjhlh~ beba cbg|rv poacrp |odh |o|oa ~hlh p|vra|rvCHJUH# lhg kbgddhfrgdahg rarvhg phk~bc |bp yhgd fbphv'kbgrgmraahg jhpoc yhgd podgoeoahg

    Bgdbckhyv b| hc'# 6>>0

    ^hvh ~bgbco|o kbch~ivahg abcbchjhg lhg evh`|rvb)~h|hj |rchgd ~hlh arc|rv ~bvhg`hj ~icokbv h`bccrchvfoilbdvhlhfcb lofhthj aiglopo ecbzrvb) cbg|rv loghkop |bvfra|o kbkocoao aigpbarbgpo ~bg|ogd lhchk~bvhg`hgdhg lhg ~bkocojhg ~i|bgpo ~bvhg`hj CHJUH '

    Kbpao~rg abkhmrhg podgoeoahg |bchj lofrh|# pbkrh CHJUH yhgd lofhgdrg kbk~rgyho abarvhgdhg~hlh poeh| abarh|hg kbahgoa yhgd lo~bvcrahg rg|ra aogbvmh ergdpoighc lhchk ~ipopo hgh|iko'

    Pbkrh ~bgbco|ohg pbfbcrkgyh |bchj lohvhjahg ab hvhj lbphog CHJUh rg|ra |vhgp~chg|hpo ~hlh lhbvhjah|r~ ~hvr fbv|bahghg vbglhj'

    ^bkhjhkhg yhgd cbfoj mbchp lhvo poeh| kbahgoa cogdargdhg ~hlh abbk~h| ah|r~ mhg|rgd#ajrprpgyh ~hlh povarchpo pop|bkoa# hahg kbkok~og ~bgdbkfhgdhg lhg ~vilrapo cogdargdhg foikokb|oa rg|ra~bgdaiglopohg hthc og uo|vi ~hlh CHJUH'

    Kbahgopkb vbp~ig pbc rg|ra vhgdphgdhg kbahgoa |olha mbchp loab|hjro *Kh`Abggh b| hc'#6>>>/'^bkhjhkhg yhgd cbfoj fhoa lo~bvcrahg rg|ra kbvhg`hgd ~vi|iaic foikokb|oa yhgd cbfoj beopobg'

    Abkh|ohg pbc lopbfhfahg icbj aiglopo arc|rv foivbha|iv loghkop mrdh hahg ~bvcr lopbcoloao# lhg aiglopoi~|okhc ~bvcr lolh~h|ahg rg|ra kbkogokhcahg pbc abkh|ohg'

    P|rlo \bvh~o dbg kbkocoao ~i|bgpo rg|ra lokhgehh|ahg lhchk vhgdah kbk~vikipoahg bap~vbpo yhgd

    pbprho |bvjhlh~ ko|idbgo`# hgdoidbgo` h|hr eha|iv gbrvidbgoa ~hlh CHJUH *_ch+Jbv||rhch lhg Khv|og# 6>>>1Krpdvhub b| hc# 6>>6'/ lbgdhg fbv|rmrhg kbgogdah|ahg ~bgdbkfhgdhg ah|r~ mhg|rgd yhgd cbfoj |bvcojh|hpco)hchko lhchk p|rlo pokrchpo kbahgoahc'

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 6>

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    Dhkfhv 0 Ablrh bcbkbg uhparchv *h/ lhg rgprv phvhe *f/ ~hlh kh|voap ah|r~ mhg|rgd og|bvp|opohc=

    *h/ ~bkfrcrj lhvhj |bv|hghk ~hlh ch~ophg h|vohcop ) p~igdoiph ah|r~ ko|vhc fhfo kbgdhglrgd pbc lhvhj kbvhj *kh|h~hghj/ *jbkh|iapocog % ~bthvghhg bipog/' Pahch fhv 2>k1

    *f/ ^cbaprp phvhe hlvbgbvdoa ~hlh| |bvcb|ha ~hlh hg|bvoiv cbhecb| ah|r~ ko|vhc |oarp *hphk eipeh|+dcoiapoch| praviph+~i|hpork ~bthvghhg/' Pahch fhv 0>k

    ABPOK^RCHG

    + \bagoa mhvogdhg ah|r~ mhg|rgd phgdh| kbgmhgmoahg rg|ra kbgogdah|ahg ~bgdifh|hg ~bgyhao| ah|r~'

    + P'

    + Khphchj r|hkh lohg|hvhgyh=

    ^bkhjhkhg |bvjhlh~ ah|r~ mhg|rgd givkhc yhgd |bvfh|hp# ajrprpgyh pbc foicido uhcuhv givkhc*|bvkhpra bap~vbpo dbg lhg ~bvh|rvhg/ pbv|h aik~ipopo B@K uhcuhv givkhc'

    @b|ha fovr ehfvoahpo CHJUH jhgyh lh~h| lo`h~ho kbchcro abkhmrhg fbphv lhchk ~bkhjhkhg |bg|hgdlhphv foicido ah|r~ mhg|rgd'

    Lh|h |bg|hgd UB@p khpoj |bvfh|hp# pbjogddh ahvha|bvophpo pbc ogo krgdaog cbfoj lor|hkhahg lhvo~hlhyhgd UO@p'

    Abjhlovhg uhparchv *Dhkfhv 0h/ lhg bcbkbg phvhe |bv|bg|r *Dhkfhv 0f/ lhchk ah|r~ HU

    kbkbvcrahg ~bgbco|ohg cbfoj chgmr| rg|ra kbgbg|rahg ~bvhghggyh lhchk ergdpo ah|r~ givkhc+ Olbg|oeoahpo |vhgp~chg|hp mbgop pbc yhgd pbprho lhg ~bvhg`hj kbgmhlo p|vh|bdo r|hkh'

    + Hlhgyh abkrgdaoghg rg|ra kbgdbglhcoahg uhparchvophpo lhg gbrvidbgbpop lhchk CHJUH lbgdhg~bgbco|oh |bvjhlh~ eha|iv ahvha|bvop|oa lhg eha|iv ~bgddhfrgdhg hgdoidbgo` lhg gbrvidbgoa'

    + ^bkhjhkhg kbgybcrvrj |bvjhlh~ ~bgdbkfhgdhg ah|r~ mhg|rgd bkfvoigoa lhg eb|hc lh~h|kbkrgdaogahg ~bgdig|vichg kiveidbghpop mhvogdhg ah|r~ mhg|rgd fhoa ~hlh og uo|vi khr~rg og uoui'

    + Ahvbgh |bvmhlo ~bvabkfhgdhg p|rlo# prfmba ogo jhvrp kbkfr|rjahg mrdh ~bgogdah|hg ~bkhjhkhg|bvjhlh~ kbahgopkb yhgd kbkrgdaogahg aigp|vrapo yhgd lh~h| lovb~vilrapo lhvo ah|r~ mhg|rgd og uouiyhgd lh~h| lo|bvokh pb`hvh acogop' ^vbloapo yhgd harvh| |bvjhlh~ ~bvop|oth kiv~jidbgo` uhcuhv ~hlhaiglopo yhgd lo|b|h~ahg # phgdh| lo~bvcrahg# pbjogddh kbkrgdaogahg ~bgogdah|hg ~bkfrh|hg vhg`hgdhglhg ~bgdbkfhgdhg pop|bk foivbha|iv yhgd pbprho'

    + \bagicido chgmr| r|hkh choggyh lo~bvcrahg rg|ra kbkrgdaogahg |bvmhlogyh |vhgpopo lhvo kilbc

    bap~bvokbg|hc rg|ra vbhco|hp acogop# lhg hahg kbkfr|rjahg abvmhphkh ~bgbco|o lhvo p~ba|vrk lopo~cog yhgdcbfoj crhp'

    + ^bkfrh|hg CHJUHp yhgd aigpop|bg lhg p|hglhv ~bgochog yhgd kbkhlho# hahg kbgokfrcahg eha|iveha|iv |hg|hgdhg yhgd phkh ~hlh ~bgbco|ohg folhgd yhgd kbghvoa ogo'

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 68

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    ECROL KB@JHGO@P IE HV\OEO@OHC JBHV\ UHCUBPChapjko ^ Lhpo-# Jbcbgb H Pokig# ^joco~~b Pr`ipay-# hgl Hmo| _idhgh|jhg-- Thcch`b J @irc|bv P`jiic ie Foikblo`hc Bgdogbbvogd# Dbivdoh Ogp|o|r|b ie \b`jgicidy# Dbivdoh#RPH P`jiic ie @jbko`hc hgl Kicb`rchv Foicidy# Dbivdoh Ogp|o|r|b ie \b`jgicidy# H|chg|h#Dbivdoh# RPH

    ^rfcopjbl og eoghc blo|bl eivk hp= @cog Bz~ ^jhvkh`ic ^jypoic' 6>>? Ebfvrhvy 1 05*6/= 662604

    OAJ\OPHV

    Ah|r~ mhg|rgd frh|hg |bchj lodrghahg pbchkh cbfoj lhvo cokh lbahlb rg|ra kbgddhg|o ah|r~ mhg|rgd yhgdphao|' Ahvbgh ~bgddhg|ohg ah|r~ mhg|rgd ~bv|hkh locharahg lbgdhg ah|r~ @hdbl+fich# cbfoj lhvo 2> ah|r~lbphog |bchj loabkfhgdahg# |bvr|hkh yhgd fbvfblh lhchk dbikb|voah|rf# mrkchj cbhecb| lhgkh|bvohc' Jogddh phh| ogo# pbkrh ah|r~ mhg|rgd frh|hg |bvdhgddr lbgdhg aik~coahpo yhgd |bvaho| ~hlhjbkicopop# aihdrchpo rg|ra ah|r~ mhg|rgd kbahgoa lhg ~bvifbahg cbhecb| rg|ra ~vip|bpop ah|r~ fbvfhpop

    mhvogdhg' Rg|ra ah|r~ mhg|rgd kbahgoa# aik~coahpo ogo loyhaogo |bvaho| lbgdhg ~ich gig+eopoicidop hcovhg lhvhj'

    Lhchk vbuobt ogo# ~bkhjhkhg kbahgoah ecrolh rg|ra mbgop r|hkh ah|r~ mhg|rgd frh|hg lhg vbahyhph~bglbah|hg kbkfbg|ra `b~h| loubvpoeoahpo folhgd ~bgbco|ohg'

    Kbahgoahc lbphog ah|r~ mhg|rgd |bchj fbvabkfhgd pb`hvh podgoeoahg# lbgdhg lbphog ~hcogd fhvrkbgyblohahg vbch|oe jbkiloghkoa rgddrc lbgdhg jhkfh|hg hbviloghkop phgdh| vbglhj'Ghkrg#~bgddrg|ogdhg pbc lhvhj |ogddo lhg |vikfipo| khpoj kbkocoao |hg|hgdhg lbphog podgoeoahg pbv|h ~hpobgjhvrp kbgmhchgo |bvh~o hg|oaihdrchpo pbrkrv jolr~' Foi~vip|jb|o` h|hr mhvogdhg ah|r~ |olha kbkbvcrahghg|oaihdrchg ahvbgh ~bvphkhhg yhgd mbchp ~hlh dbikb|vo ah|r~ hpco lhg jbkiloghkoa# |h~o fhgyha lhvoah|r~+ah|r~ ogo dhdhc ~hlh fhdohg p|vra|rvhc lhchk 8>+82 |hjrg ~bv|hkh ok~chg|hpo'

    Abarvhgdhg ogo hahg lo|bchhj lhg ~bgbco|ohg khph lb~hg kbgdhvhjahg ~hlh |odh jhc r|hkh lhchk r~hyhrg|ra kbvhg`hgd ah|r~ frh|hg rgddrc=

    *o/ \bagoa mhvogdhg jolr~ ah|r~ mhg|rgd

    *oo/ ^bgdbkfhgdhg hch| aik~r|hpo `hgddoj# lhg

    *ooo/ Bap~bvokbg lhvhj rg|ra kbgbg|rahg jrfrgdhg hg|hvh hcovhg lhg abvrphahg lhvhj'

    ^BGLHJRCRHG

    Mhg|rgd kbvr~hahg ivdhg fbvi|i| yhgd kbkik~h lhvhj ab pbcrvrj |rfrj' Aig|vhapo lhvo mhg|rgd yhgdlo~bvcrahg rg|ra kbglivigd lhvhj loabglhcoahg icbj ok~rcp bcba|viaokoh lofrh| icbj pbc ~h`r mhg|rgd' Pbc+pbcogo kbkhp|oahg aig|vhapo fbvovhkh pogavig ^HLH pbkrh i|i| mhg|rgd'

    Ah|r~ mhg|rgd hlhchj aik~igbg arg`o yhgd kbgdrfhj aig|vhapo focoa mhg|rgd kbgmhlo ~ik~h' Bk~h| ah|r~mhg|rgd# lrh lo ablrh popo mhg|rgd# kbkhp|oahg fhjth pb|oh~ aig|vhapo i|i| kbgdjhpocahg beopobg# hvrppbhvhj' Lo popo ahghg mhg|rgd# ah|r~ |voarp~ol lhg ~rckighc kbgdh|rv hcovhg lhvhj abkfhco lhvo fhlhg kbgrmr~hvr ~hvr rg|ra iapodbghpo# lokhgh ~hlh fhdohg aovo# ah|r~ hiv|h lhg ko|vhc kbgdig|vic chmr lhvhj|bviapodbghpo ab pbcrvrj |rfrj'

    ^bgbco|ohg fbveiarp ~hlh ah|r~ mhg|rgd frh|hg yhgd kbgddhg|o ah|rf lopergdpoighc hpco' Pbmha ~bgddhg|ohgah|r~ mhg|rgd ~bv|hkh ~hlh |hjrg 8?26# cbfoj lhvo 2> ah|r~ mhg|rgd ~vip|b|oa lbphog |bchj loabkfhgdahg lhg

    jhk~ov |odh mr|h ah|r~ mhg|rgd ~vip|b|oa |bchj ok~chg lo pbcrvrj lrgoh' Phh| ogo# ~vipblrv mhg|rgd cbfoj lhvo 6?>>>> ah|r~ yhgd locharahg pb|oh~ |hjrg pbcrvrj lrgoh lhg mrkchj yhgd lo~bvaovhahg |odh ahco co~h| kbgmhlo cbfojlhvo :2> >>> icbj 6'>2' ^bvkog|hhg rg|ra ah|r~ mhg|rgd frh|hg |bvrp fbv|hkfhj ~hlh |ogdah| 8>+86" pb|oh~|hjrg' Kbpao~rg ah|r~ mhg|rgd ~bv|hkh lovhg`hgd icbj hjco fblhj# Lv Jreghdbc# ockr lo fhcoa ah|r~ mhg|rgdfrh|hg ergdpo phh| ogo kbghvoa `hfhgd r|hkh lo folhgd |bagoa lhg ockr fbvphkh'

    ^bkhjhkhg kbahgoah ecrolh ah|r~ mhg|rgd frh|hg lo~bvcrahgrg|ra kbgyivi|o ~bvp~ba|oe vbahyhph |bvjhlh~~bgdifh|hg ~bgyhao| ah|r~ mhg|rgd'

    ^bkhjhkhg lo~bvkrlhj lbgdhg chgdahj ~bv|hkh kbk~bvabghcahg chgdahj+chgdahj lhphv aogbvmh ah|r~lhg pbmhvhj pogdah| ah|r~ mhg|rgd frh|hg' Ablrh# kbk~bchmhvo kbahgoah ecrolh ah|r~ mhg|rgd pbfhdho

    chgdahj yhgd lo~bvcrahg rg|ra kbk~bvfhoao ah|r~ ~vip|b|oa phh| ogo lhg abkrlohg kbgmbchpahg kbahgoah

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 66

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    ecrolh lhvo mbgpop ah|r~ mhg|rgd frh|hg' Ab|odh# kbgyblohahg ~b|rgmra ~bg|ogd ~bglbah|hg vbahyhph khph aogo|bchj kbgdbkfhgdahg cbfoj fhoa ah|r~ mhg|rgd frh|hg cbfoj fhoa lhvo |hjrg |hjrg pbfbcrkgyh'

    ^BGDRARVHG ^BVEIVKHGPO AH\R^ MHG\RGD

    Phchj ph|r ~bgyhao| ah|rf mhg|rgd yhgd rkrk mhg|rgd# rkrk lopbfhfahg icbj =

    + `h`h| fhthhg chjov#

    + ~bgrhhg h|hr

    + ~bgyhao| pb~bv|o lbkhk vbkh|oa'

    ^bgyhao| ah|r~ mhg|rgd pb~bv|o o|r fbvjrfrgdhg lbgdhg ergdpo ah|r~ lbgdhg kbkfh|hpo dbvhahg cbhecb| ah|r~h|hr lbgdhg kbvrpha p|vra|rv ~bglrargdgyh'

    Jhc ogo kbgybfhfahg =

    + P|bgipop ah|r~ yho|r Ahcpoeoahpo lhvo cbhecb||bvaho| lbgdhg ~bgybk~o|hg ah|r~# pbjogddh vbpop|bgpocbfooj fbphv |bvjhlh~ hcovhg lhvhj lhg ~bgrvrghg |bahghg yhgd cbfoj fbphv phh| kbcog|hpo ah|r~ h|hr

    + Vbdrvdo|hpo *abdhdhchg ah|r~ rg|ra kbgr|r~ pb~bgrjgyh/'

    Ablrhgyh kbgybfhfahg abdhdhchg ah|r~'

    Acogopo |bchj kbgdbkfhgdahg lrh ~hvhkb|bv rg|ra kbgdrarv |ogdah| p|bgipop ) vbdrvdo|hpo rg|ra kbgochoaogbvmh ah|r~' _ho|r =

    *o/ Hvbh ivoeo`b)crfhgd beba|oe crfhgd *BIH/# yhgd kbgdrarv abbeba|oehg ~bkfrahhg ah|rf pbchkh ehpb

    hcovhg khmr)eivthvl# lhg*oo/ Uicrkb vbdrvdo|hpo# yhgd kbgdrarvh hcovhg abkfhco *h|hr vbdrvdo|hpo/ pbchkh ehpb hcovhg

    cbhahdb)fi`iv'

    Pbfrhj BIH vbglhj# rkrkgyh lojhpocahg lhvo p|bgipop ah|r~# fohphgyh fbvjrfrgdhg lbgdhg |bahghg lhvhjyhgd |ogddo kbvrdoahg lo pbcrvrj ah|r~ lhg kbgogdah|ahg fbfhg abvmh rg|ra mhg|rgd kbkik~h'

    BIH pb`hvh |vhlopoighc lojo|rgd lhvo ~bgdrarvhg hcovhg lhg ~bgrvrghg |bahghg kbgddrghahg jrfrgdhg

    Divcog # yhgd lolhphvahg ~hlh ~vogpo~ aigpbvuhpo bgbvdo=

    Xvkp hlhchj hahv vh|h vh|h pxrhvb pop|icoa ) lohp|icoa chmr hcov *`k0 ) p/ lhg

    ~ hlhchj vh|h vh|h ~bgrvrghg |bahghg pop|icoa ) lohp|icoa *kkJd/'

    Uicrkb vbdrvdo|hpo pbprho lbgdhg |i|hc uicrkb `hovhg yhgd fi`iv kbcog|hp abkfhcopb|bchj ~bgr|r~hg lhgfbvjrfrgdhg lbgdhg fbg|ra cbhecb| ah|r~ lhg loghkoah ~bgr|r~hg'

    Uicrkb vbdrvdo|hpo yhgd |ogddo |ogddo kbgrgmraahg fhjth ir|~r| mhg|rgd fbvpoj fbvarvhgd lhg mhg|rgd jhvrpfbvaig|vhapo cbfoj pbvogd rg|ra kbkbgrjo abfr|rjhg |rfrj' Lbgdhg lbkoaohg# uicrkb vbdrvdo|hpo yhgd ab`occbfoj fhoa ahvbgh kbgrgmraahg `ih~|h|oig yhgd fhoa fhdo ah|r~'

    Fhvr+fhvr ogo# |rvfrcbgpo |ogdah| p|vbp# yhgd kbgdrahg ~bgddhg|o lhvo |bdhgdhg dbpbv lohchko icbj pbc+pbclhvhj lhg ~ch|bcb| lhchk cogdargdhg hcovhg |rvfrcbg# |bchj lodrghahg rg|ra kbgocho ~i|bgpo lhvo ah|r~ |bvjhlh~~bgybfhf aik~coahpo |vikfibkfico'

    Cbubc p|vbpp |rvfrcbg| 8>+8>> ^h lohgddh~ kbko r ha|ouhpo ~ch|bcb|# lbgdhg cbfojhkfhgd yhgd |b~h| loab|hjropbfhdho avo|bvoh Jbccrkp# yhgd kbgyh|hahg fhjth ~ch|bcb| hahg kbgdha|oeahgergdpogyh moah ~vilra |bdhgdhg dbpbv lhg lrvhpo tha|r lo h|hp 0#2 ^h' Ghkrg# hkfhgd fh|hp rg|rajbkicopop mhrj cbfoj |ogddo ~hlh :>> ^h'

    Gocho+gocho yhgd loar|o~ ogo hlhchj pbcrvrj ~bgdrarvhg og uo|vi ahvbgh |oglhahg ogo fbcrk lorarv og uoui'

    PBMHVHJ POGDAH\

    Ah|r~ mhg|rgd frh|hg frh|hg lofhdo lhchk lrh mbgop r|hkh yho|r =

    + Ah|r~ mhg|rgd kbahgoa lhg

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 60

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    + Ah|r~ mhg|rgd foi~vip|jb|o

    Phk~ho phh| ogo# ~bgddhg|ohg ah|r~ mhg|rgd ~hlh rkrkgyh locharahg lbgdhg kbgddrghahgah|r~ mhg|rgd kbahgoa# ghkrg# ah|r~ mhg|rgd foi~vip|jb|o` phh| ogo phkh fhgyhagyh lbgdhg mrkchj yhgdlo|hghkahg ~hlho ah|r~ mhg|rgd kbahgoa ahvbgh abkovo~hggyh |bvjhlh~ ah|r~ hpco lhgabfbfhphg lhvo |bvh~o hg|oaihdrchg'

    Dhkfhv 8 kbgrgmraahg pbmhvhj ah|r~ mhg|rgd frh|hg lhvo |hjrg 8?2> phk~ho pbahvhgd# lbgdhg eiarp ~hlhah|r~ mhg|rgd yhgd ~hcogd pbvogd lodrghahg lhg ah|r~ yhgd |bchj kbkfbvoahg aig|vofrpo ~bg|ogd rg|ra~bgddhg|ohg ah|r~ mhg|rgd'

    KBAHGOAHC AH\R^ MHG\RGD

    ^bgddhg|ohg ah|r~ mhg|rgd ~bv|hkh locharahg ~hlh |hjrg 8?26 icbj Jreghdbc# lbgdhg h~h yhgd lopbfr|Ah|rf Jreghdbc Arvrgdhg+fich'

    ah|r~ o|r |olha lo|hghkahg lo |bk~h| ah|r~ hiv|h fbv~bgyhao|1 ghkrg lokhpraahg lhchk hiv|h kbgrvrg lhchk

    ~vipblrv ~bkfrahhg lhlh'^bgdbkfhgdhg lbphog ah|r~ mhg|rgd lo~o`r icbj ~bgdbghchg kbpog fy~hpp mhg|rgd+~hvr# yhgd~bv|hkh ahco fbvjhpoc lodrghahg ~hlh khgrpoh ~hlh |hjrg 8?20 rg|ra kbcharahg ~bvfhoahg pb~|rk h|vork'

    ^bgddrghhg ah|rf Jreghdbc arvrgdhg+fich kbgmhlo rphgd lbgdhg lo~bvabghcahggyh Ah|rf P|hvv+Blthvlpfhcchgl+Fich +ahglhgd ~hlh |hjrg 8?56' Vhg`hgdhg ah|r~ fich+lhg+ahglhgd |bvlovo lhvo fich lo lhchkcidhk ahglhgd' Fich kbgr|r~ crfhgd ah|r~ lhg lbgdhg lbkoaohg pb`hvh ~hpoe kbg`bdhj hcovhgfhcoa'Pbchkh ehpb hcovhg khmr) ab lb~hg# |bahghg lhvhj yhgd |ogddo kbglivigd fich jocov# pbjogddh kbkfrahcrfhgd# lbgdhg ahglhgd cidhk kbkbdhgd fich lop|hc ab crfhgd o|r' Pbmha 8?56# Ah|rf P|hvv+Blthvlp |bchjkbgdhchko fhgyha kiloeoahpo rg|ra kbgogdah|ahg aogbvmhgyh# ghkrg ~bvrfhjhg loeiarpahg ~hlh fhjhg lhg

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 6

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    |bagoa aigp|vrapo lhg fbcrk kbgdrfhj aigpb~ abpbcrvrjhg lhvo lbphog ah|r~' Lbphog fich+lhg+ahglhgd#kbpao~rg frahg ~hcogd ~i~rcbv# |b|h~ kbgmhlo ~ocojhg icbj fbfbvh~h hjco fblhj'

    Pbvr~h lbgdhg ah|r~ fich+lhg+ahglhgd# Ah|rf phgdahv+lop` ah|r~ loabkfhgdahg lo ~bv|bgdhjhg |hjrg 8?5>+hg' @ig|ij lbphog lop` phgdahv hlhchj Ahy+Pjocby lhg ~vip|bpop Fbhcc# yhgdlo~bvabghcahg ~hlh |hjrg 8?52 lhg 8?54 'Lbphog mbgop ogo kovo~ lbgdhg ah|r~ fich+lhg+ahglhgd# ab`rhcofhjth i``crlbv ah|r~ |olha chdo lbgdhg fich# |h~o lbgdhg lopa' Ghkrg# ahvbgh ahvha|bvop|oa kbvbah fbvpoeh|jbkiloghkoa vbglhj# ah|r~ @hdbl+lopa |olha lodrghahg rg|ra ok~chg chdo'

    Ablrh ah|r~ frh|hg lbphog hthc kbkocoao lrh abcbkhjhg r|hkh# yho|r =

    + Aigeodrvhpo jodj+~vieocb

    + ^bgr|r~hg yhgd fbvcbfojhg kbgybfhfahg \rvfrcbgpo lhchk hcovhg kbchcro lhg lop|hc abah|r~# pbjogddh kbgdrvhgdo BIH ah|r~'

    Abcbkhjhg |bvpbfr| |bchj loh|hpo icbj |oc|ogd lopa lhg lbphog ah|r~ mhg|rgd focbhecb|'

    ^bvabkfhgdhg yhgd ~hcogd podgoeoahg lhchk lbphog kbahgop ah|r~ mhg|rgd |bvmhlo ~hlh |hjrg 8?5? lhg 8?4>lbgdhg lo~bvabghcahggyh Fmiva+Pjocby lhg |oc|ogd+lopa Ahp|bv Coccbjbo+ah|r~' Ablrh lbphog ah|r~ |oc|ogd+lopa|bvlovo lhvo lopa lhg kbahgopkb p|vr| ~bghjhg' Lopa fbghv+fbghv kbgr|r~ crfhgd ah|r~ lhchk ~ipopo |bv|r|r~lhg kbgdhgdah| ab prlr| lhchk ~ipopo |bvfrah' Lopa lh~h| kbkr|hv pbchkh ergdpo givkhc# pbjogddhkbg`bdhj aig|ha fbvcbfojhg lhg kbk~bv|hjhgahg aik~igbg p|vr| ~hlh ph|r tochyhj |bv|bg|r

    Lbphog ~bvfhoahg yhgd |bchj locharahg lo dbgbvhpo fbvoar|gyh ah|r~ |oc|ogd lopa |bchj loeiarpahg ~hlh pop|bkkbk~bv|hjhgahg lopa# yhgd kbkovogdahk prlr| lopa pbchkh ~ehpb ~bkrfahhg lhg ~bgr|r~hg lhg dbikb|volopa' Pbfhdho `ig|ij# Fmva+Pjocby lbphog lo ovoahg icbj lop` `igubzi+`bargd# pblhgdahg ah|r~ JhccKbl|vigo` |bvkhpra `havhk lh|hv'

    Abfhgyhahg lbphog kbahgoa ah|r~ mhg|rgd fhvr+fhvr ogo lolhphvahg ~hlh ah|r~ mhg|rgd kbahgoa focbhecb|lolbphog icbj P| Mrlb Kblo hc *PMK/ Og` *Koggbh~icop# KG# RPH/ lhg lo~bvabghcahg lo ~hphv~hlh |hjrg 8?4:' Ah|r~ ogo |bvlovo lhvo lrh pb|bgdhj cogdahvhg i``crlbvp lopbfr| pbcbfhvhg)cbecb|p' Lhchkvrkhj hggrchv# pb|oh~ cbhecb| kbkocoao bap|bgpo tochyhj # yhgd loabghc pbfhdho |bcogdh cbhecb|# yhgd ~oui|p|bg|hgd pbfrhj bgdpbc |bvpbkfrgyo' Ab|oah pbcbfhvhg bvfrah# lhvhj kbgdhcov kbchcro ~rph| ~bvpbdo ~hgmhgdivoeo b lhg lrh crfhgd ch|bvhc fbvfbg|ra pb|bgdhj cogdahvhg ivoeo`b' Ab|oah pbcbfhvhg pb~bgrjgyh |bv|r|r~#`bchj ab oc hg|hvh pbcbfhvhg |bv|r|r~ *f+lh|rk dh~/ lhg hg|hvh cbhecb| lhg jirpogd *~bvoebvo dh~/

    kbkrgdaogahg fbfbvh~h lbvhmh| abfi`ivhg hvrp' Abfi`ivhg hcovhg lhvhj mrdh lh~h| |bvmhlo kbchcro tochyhjbgdpbc'

    ^bgdbghchg focbhecb| ~bv|hkh ah|r~ mhg|rgd kbahgoa loaho|ahg lbgdhg |bvifiphg fbphv= olbg|oeoahpo ahvfig~ovico|oa pbfhdho fhjhg ah|r~ yhgd pbprho icbj Fiavip lhg Di|| lo 8'?55#:

    Fhjhg ogo pbahvhgd |bchj kbgmhlo fhjhg ~ocojhg rg|ra lbphog kbahgoa mhg|rgdah|r~ ahvbgh foiaik~h|ofbc pr~bvoiv## poeh| |hjhg |jvikfivbpop|hg| lhg ab|hjhghg ~haho lofhglogdahg lbgdhgcidhk lhg ~chp|o` yhgd lodrghahg pbfbcrkgyh'

    Pbmha lo~bvabghcahggyh ah|r~ focbhecb| PMK# fbvfhdho r~hyh choggyh |bchj locharahg rg|rakbk~bvfhoao ah|r~ focbhecb| fhjth lbphog' Pbfhdho `ig|ij#=

    + @hvfiKblo`p *Pivog Dvir~# Hrp|og#

    \Z# RPH/ ~vip|jbpop focbhecb|# yhgd kbk~bvicbj ~bvpb|rmrhg RP Eiil hgl Lvrd Hlkogop|vh|oig*ELH/ 8??0# fbvfblh lhvo ah|r~ mhg|rgd focbhecb| PMK icbj ~bkfrahhg prlr| cbhecb| gyhlhg fbg|ra bgdpbc lhbvhj *yhgd kbkocoao eo|rv cbfoj |hmhk lhvo ~hlh lhbvhj bgdpbc lhvo PMKah|r~/' ^hvh H\P Frah ah|r~ ^oui| *Koggbh~icop# KG# RPH/# lo~bvabghcahg ~hlh |hjrg 6>>># mrdh~bvrfhjhg eo|rv lhchk lbphog ~ivip' Lbphog ogo kbkfhcoaahg kbahgopkb ~ivip |vhlopoighc lbgdhgkbgdbap~ip ~ivip lbgdhg hvrp khmr khpphc lhg kbgddrghahg lbphog bgdpbc kbgigmic lhvo~hlhlbphog bgdpbc |bvpbkfrgyo

    + Ig ah|r~+Z# lo~hphvahg icbj Kblo`hc Vbpbhv j Ogp|o|r|b Ahvfig *Hrp|og# \Z# RPH/# hlhchjah|r~ kbahgoa lbphog |bvfhvr lo~bvabghcahg lo Hkbvoah Pbvoah|' Fbfbvh~h eo|rv yhgd ogiuh|oelhvo ah|r~ hlhchj vhpoi ~hgmhgd+|i+lohkb|bv kbglbah|o ah|rf mhg|rgd yhgd hpco# pbfrhj ~ivip jhcrpkbkrgdaogahg rg|ra kbkfrah pbcbfhvhg ~hlh prlr| ?> vbch|oe |bvjhlh~ jirpog ah|r~ lhg

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 62

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    kbahgopkb lrh |o|oa chglogd pbchkh ~bgr|r~hg ah|r~' Ah|rf focbhecb| kbahgoa ogo ~hcogd ~i~rcbvlhg kbgyrkfhgd pbao|hv :>" lhvo ~bgddrghhg pbcrvrj ok~chg ah|r~ kbahgoa'

    Foi~vip|jb|o` ah|r~ mhg|rgd

    Kbpao~rg lodrghahg pb`hvh crhp# ah|r~ mhg|rgd kbahgoa |bvdhgddr icbj abfr|rjhg hg|oaihdrchpo |bvh~opbrkrv jolr~ lhg khphchj+khphchj ~bglhvhjhg yhgd kbgybv|hogyh'

    Pbfrhj ~bglbah|hg hc|bvgh|oe lhchk ~bgdbkfhgdhg ah|r~ mhg|rgd ~vip|b|oa |bchj kbgddrghahg ah|r~ mhg|rgdyhgd |bvmhlo pb`hvh hchko' Jhc ogo kbgybfhfahg ~bglbah|hg kbgddrghahg ah|r~ ~hvr pbglovo ~hpobg rg|rakbgddhg|o ah|r~ hiv|h *Vipp ~vipblrv yhgd lopbfr|# ~bv|hkh locharahg ~hlh |hjrg 8?54/# looar|o lbgdhg~bgddrghhg jikidvhe| rg|ra fbvergdpo pbfhdho ah|r~ ~hvr+~hvr' Kbpao~rg ~bglbah|hg ogo |bvr|hkhfbvjrfrgdhg lbgdhg ~bgddhg|ohg ah|r~ hiv|h# mrdh |bchj locharahg rg|ra kbgddhg|oahg ah|r~ ko|vhcfbv~bgyhao|' ^bglbah|hg chog |bvlovo lhvo ~bgddrghhg hg|ofoi|oa h|hr `vyi+lo~bvcharahg ah|r~ hiv|h khgrpoh*lopbfr| jikidvhe|p/

    Rg|ra ok~chg|hpo lo |bk~h| yhgd phao| pbglovo ah|r~ ~hpobg' Pb~bv|o ~vipblrv# ~bv|hkh locharahg~hlh |hjrg 8?56# fbcrk olbhc# kbpao~rg jhpoc acogop yhgd kbkrhpahg# ahvbgh |bvdhg|rgd ~hlh ~hpiahgkhyh|'

    Pbfrhj |bvifiphg fbphv lhchk prfp|o|rpo ah|r~ mhvogdhg lofrh| icbj @hv~bg|obv ~hlh |hjrg 8?5? lbgdhg~bgdbkfhgdhg ~vipblrv mhvogdhg+eoaphpo kbgddrghahg dcr|hvhclbjol# yhgd kbgdhaofh|ahg ~bgogdah|hg

    mhvogdhg foicidop p|hfoco|hp lhg ~bgrvrghg foilbdvhlh|oig' ^bgogdah|hg mhvogdhg~bcbp|hvohg ogo# kbgyblohahg mhvogdhg foicidop vbch|oe ogbv|# lhg ~bgddrghhg ah|r~ ecbapofbcp|bg| loo}ogahg rg|ra ~bgdbkfhgdhg lbphog ah|r~ fhvr rg|ra ~bgddhg|ohg ah|r~ mhg|rgd' Lbphog ah|r~#kbgddhfrgdahg p|vra|rv foicidop lhg kbahgop rg|ra kbkfrh| ah|r~ mhvogdhg fbvfhpop|jvikfidbgo`o|y vbglhj# loghkho $foi~vi|jbpop$ icbj @hv~bg|obv' Fbfbvh~h mbgop mhvogdhg# |bvr|hkh ah|r~ fhfolhg mhvogdhg ~bvoahvlork# |bchj lodrghahg pbmha phh| o|r rg|ra kbvhg`hgd foi~vip|jb|o` ah|r~ mhg|rgd'

    Ah|r~ fhfo)^iv`ogb

    ^hlh |hjrg 8?5?# Ahopbv b| hc' Kbkfrh| ~bgddhg|o ah|r~ yhgd |bvlovo lhvo ~bvcharhg bz~chg|bl ah|r~ hiv|hfhfo dcr|hvhclbjol yhgd |bv~hphgd ~hlh evhkh ~bglrargd yhgd ahar' Vhgdah ahar ogo hajovgyh lodhg|oahgicbj `og og ahar lbgdhg ~ip|ogd ecbapofbc lhg ah|r~ yhgd lojhpocahg kbgmhlo aikbvpohc |bvpbloh pbfhdhoJhg`i`a fhfo Zbgidvhe| *Kbl|vigo`# Ovuogb# @H# HP/ ah|r~ ~hlh |hjrg 8?4>' Phh| ogo# ah|r~ ogo |b|h~ kbgmhlophchj ph|r ah|r~ ~bgddhg|o ~hcogd ~i~rcbv rg|ra mbgop ogo'

    Ah|r~ ~i~rcbv chogggyh hlhchj Foi~vip|jbpop @hv~bg|obv+Blthvlp *Blthvlp Coebp`obg`bp# Ovuogb# @H# RPH/'Ah|r~ ogo# lo~bvabghcahg pb`hvh aikbvpohc icbj Blthvlp Chfivh|ivobp ~hlh |hjrg 8?45# kbgddrghahg

    mhvogdhg ah|r~ fhfo |bv~hphgd ~hlh fogdaho lrargdhg pb~bgrjgyh yhgd ecbapofbc' ^bgddrghhg og|ha #fbg|ra ah|rf pb`hvh foicidop lhchk ~vip|jbpbp fhfo kbkrlhjahg ~vipbp ~vilrapo lbgdhg kbgdh|hpoabfr|rjhg rg|ra kbk~vilrapo `rp~p ah|r~ oglouolr' Ghkrg# lhchk mrkchj fbphv ah|r~ fhfo jhvrp lo~hgbgrg|ra kbgdjhpocahg ah|r~ ~vip|b|oa lbgdhg rarvhg yhgd pbprho lhg `i`ia arhco|hp'

    Ah|r~ ^bvoahvlohc

    Ah|r~ fbvlhphvahg ~bvoahvlork fb|op# loabkfhgdahg icbj Oigbp`r b| hc'# kbgdh|hpo |rg|r|hg fbphv |bvaho|lbgdhg ah|r~ fhfo' Oigbp`r +Pjocby ah|r~ zbgidvhe| ~bvoahvlohc hpco ~bv|hkh ahco lo~hphvahg ~hlh |hjrg 8?45#ghkrg lojbg|oahg ~hlh ~bv|bgdhjhg 8?:>+hg ahvbgh abdhdhchg p|vra|rvhc' Ah|r~

    @hv~bg|obv+Blthvlp ~bvoahvlohc lo~bvabghcahg rg|ra acogop lodrghahg ~hlh |hjrg 8?:8 lhg |bchj lopb|rmrorg|ra lodrghahg pb`hvh aikbvpohc lo Hkbvoah Pbvoah| ~hlh |hjrg 8??8' Kbgyblohahg abrgddrchgjbkiloghkoa aogbvmh lbgdhg ab|hjhghg yhgd cbfoj fhoa lhvo pbfbcrkgyh ~bvoahvlohc uhcubp'

    Ah|r~ foi~vip|jb|o` |bvfhvr lopb|rmro icbj ELH Hkbvoah Pbvoah|# ~hlh |hjrg 6>>4# hlhchj ah|r~ Ko|viecit icbjPivog Ahghlh Dvir~ Og` *Frvghfy# F@# Ahghlh/' Pbfrhj ~bvrfhjhg fbphv fhvr+fhvr ogo lhchk lbphog

    mhvogdhg ah|r~ hlhchj ~bgdbghchg foi~vip|jbpbp p|bg|cbpp' Mhvogdhg ah|r~ |hg~h p|bg| loyhaogo hahg cbfoj fhoalhvo~hlh ah|r~ p|bg|bl ahvbgh hahv hiv|h lojhvh~ahg rg|ra kbglop|vofrpoahg kbahgop |bdhgdhg ab mhvogdhghiv|h frahg kbkeiarpahgvbah mhvogdhg cbhecb| lbah| p|bg| lhvo foi~vip|jbpbp |vhlopoighc'

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 65

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    Ah|r~ mhg|rgd p|bg|cbpp ~bv|hkh# lofrh| icbj \ivig|i P^U *P| Mrlb Kblo`hc/# |bchj lopb|rmro icbj ELH HkbvoahPbvoah| ~hlh |hjrg 8??4' Lrh choggyh p|bg|cbpp lbphog ah|r~ hiv|h yhgd pbmha o|r |bchj lofhth ab ~hphv=

    *o/ Kbl|vigo` Evbbp|ycb *Kbl|vigo` Og`/# lhg

    *oo/ ^vokh Blthvlp *Blthvlp Coebp`obg`bp/ ah|r~'

    P|bg|cbpp foi+~vip|bpop phh| ogo jhgyh lopb|rmro rg|ra ~bgddhg|ohg ah|r~ hiv|h lo Hkbvoah Pbvoah|'Rmo acogop lbgdhg ah|r~ ko|vhc p|bg|cbpp ~bv|hkh ahco loch~ivahg lo 8??6#82 |h~o ~bvpb|rmrhg kbvbah|bv|rglh ahvbgh lhyh |hjhg ah|r~ lo~bv|hgyhahg lhg aik~cbapo|hp ok~chg|hpo |bagoa'

    \bvifiphg |bvfhvr |bvfbphv rg|ra ~bgdbkfhgdhg foi~vip|jb|o` jh|o ~bvar|hg ah|r~' ^bgybfhvhg ~bv|hkh lhvoah|r~ mhg|rgd fhfo yhgd |bvahglrgd lhchk p|bg| kbgddrghahg ~bglbah|hg ~bvar|hg lo mhg|rgd jbthg lo`h~hoicbj Hglbvpbg b| hc' lo 8??6# ~bv|hkh ok~chg khgrpoh locharahg ? |hjrg abkrlohg icbj Figjibeebv b| hc'Lhchk ~vipblrv ogo# ah|r~ ok~chg# lhchk ~ipopo ~hvr# kbchcro phcrvhg ~bkfblhjhg lo|bk~h|ahg' _hgd~bv|hkh prapbp kbgdok~chg |vhgpah|b|bv khgrpoh ~bvar|hg loch~ivahg ~hlh |hjrg 6>>6 icbj @vofobv b| hc'

    Ah|r~ lodrghahg hlhchj mhvogdhg ~bvoahvlork arlh ah|r~ mhg|rgd# yhgd lo|bk~h|ahg lo ~ipopo hiv|h ' Khphlb~hg ~bgddhg|ohg ah|r~ mhg|rgd ~bvar|hg |bvdhg|rgd ~hlh abkhmrhg lhchk foikh|bvohc# ~bgdifh|hghg|o`hc`oeo`h|oig lhg ~bgdbkfhgdhg loco~h| lhg aik~vbpofbc p|bg| ah|r~+ah|r~ ~bvhgdah| rg|ra ~bgdovokhgyhgd i~|okhc lhg ~bgybfhvhg'

    Kbahgoah Ecrolh Ah|rf Mhg|rgd

    Kbpao~rg ~bgddrghhg crhp lbphog ah|r~ mhg|rgd frh|hg# fhoa kbahgoa khr~rg

    ah|r~ mhg|rgd foi~vip|jb|o` fbfhp lhvo aik~coahpo' Abpbcrvrjhg aik~coahpo lbgdhg ah|r~ mhg|rgd ~vip|b|oalh~h| lofhdo kbgmhlo bghk ah|bdivo r|hkh=

    + Abvrphahg P|vra|rvhc ah|r~

    + Lopergdpo gig+p|vra|rvhc#

    + \vikfipop ah|r~

    + Bkfico

    + ^bvlhvhjhg

    + Bgli`hvlo|op'

    Lo ph|r popo# ah|r~ mhg|rgd foi~vip|jb|o` |bvdhgddr lbgdhg ahcpoeoahpo cbhecb| lhg vifbahg cbhecb|' Lo popo chog#ah|r~ mhg|rgd kbahgoa fbvaho|hg lbgdhg jbkicopop# ha|ouhpo ~ch|bcb| lhg |jvikfibkfico |okfrc lhvo~bkfbg|rahg drk~hchg lhg lb|hpbkbggyh'

    Aik~coahpo ogo loyhaogo |bvaho| lbgdhg ~ich hcovhg lhvhj gig+eopoicidop lo pbao|hv ah|r~ mhg|rgd' Fhjahg# ~i|bgpo~ich hcovhg lhvhj yhgd hfgivkhc rg|ra kbk~vikipoahg abvrphahg pbc |bchj chkh loharo# ahvbgh kbvbah lh~h|kbkrcho ~bkfbg|rahg |vikfrp icbj=

    *o/ ^bkhaphhg dhyh ~hlh bcbkbg pbc *lhbvhj yhgd kbgybfhfahg p|vbp |ogddo ahvbgh ~bvifhahg bcbkbglhvhj # yhgd kbgybfhfahg jhbkicopop lhg ha|ouhpo ~ch|bcb|/# lhg

    *oo/ Kbgdrfhj evbarbgpo aig|ha *vbpovarchpo lhg lhbvhj hcovhg p|hdghpo kbgogdah|ahg tha|r aig|hahg|hvh bcbkbg lhvhj# kbgdhaoeahg ~ch|bcb| |bv|bg|r# pbjogddh kbgogdah|ahg ~bkfbg|rahg|vikfrp/' Pbchog o|r# ~ich+~ich hcovhg hfgivkhc lh~h| kbgybfhfahg ahcpoeoahpo cbhecb| lhg kbvifba

    mhvogdhg lhg ~icokbv ah|r~ lbgdhg kbg`o~|hahg ~bgogdah|hg lhbvhj dbpbv lo pbao|hv cbhecb|~bvkrahhg

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 64

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    Dhkfhv 6 kbgdocrp|vhpoahg h~h yhgd lolrdh kbgmhlo khphchj lbgdhg ah|r~ mhg|rgd frh|hg' Ah|r~ mhg|rgdfocbhecb| kbahgoa lhchk ~ipopo hiv|h pbchkh ehpb hcovhg abfi`ivhg'Pbfhdholopbfr|ahg pbfbcrkgyh# ah|r~ mhg|rgd focbhecb| lhchk ~ipopo |bv|r|r~ |olha pbk~rvgh lopbdbc lhg hcovhgabfi`ivhg lh~h| |bvmhlo' Dhkfhv 6 kbgddhkfhvahg pbc+pbc lhvhj kbvhj lhg ~ch|bcb| fi`iv abkfhco lhvo hiv|hab lhchk ubg|voabc aovo' Pbkbg|hvh pbc+pbc yhgd kbgdhcov kbchcro ah|r~ ~vip|jbpop ogo loabghahg rg|ra hvrpgig+eopoicidop# yhgd kbgybfhfahg ~b`hj h|hr ha|ouhpo# chgdahj ~bv|hkh kbgrmr ogopohpo vbp~igpaihdrchpo' Ahvbgh o|r mbchp fhjth BIH lhg uicrkb vbdrvdo|hpo |olha `rar~ kbg`bvkogahg ~i|bgpo ah|r~

    mhg|rgd frh|hg lhchk kbglivigd ~bkfbg|rahg |vikfrp lhg lbgdhg lbkoaohg aogbvmh acogop ah|r~' Icbjahvbgh o|r# ~bg|ogd rg|ra kbgocho kbahgopkb ecrolh ah|r~ mhg|rgd ~vip|b|oa rg|ra kbkhjhko abfbvjhpochg h|hrabdhdhchg acogop ah|r~ lhg kbk~bvfhoao lbphog ~bvhgdah| ogo lbgdhg kbkogokhcahg ~i|bgpo ~vi`ihdrchg|lhg kbgogdah|ahg lhyh |hjhg ah|r~'

    Folhgd jocov hcovhg lbphog bk~h| ah|r~ bk~h| pbchkh hcovhg khmr lhg ehpb abfi`ivhg hvrp lo|rgmraahg ~hlhDhkfhv' 0'

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 6:

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    Ah|r~ Fhcc+lhg+ahglhgd

    Pbchkh ehpb hcovhg ab lb~hg# hcovhg krg`rc lhvo ah|r~ kbkfbg|ra mb| kbcogdahv yhgd kbkophjahg lhvo fich#kbghfvha loglogd vrhgd hvrp lhg abkrlohg kbgdhcov pb~hgmhgd loglogd'

    ^hlh ~rg`ha hvrp ab lb~hg# ab`b~h|hg khapokrk pb|ogddo 6#6> k ) p loch~ivahg lbah| hgrcrp ~hlh chovhg mb|khmr)eivthvl lhchk aiglop hiv|h' Ab`b~h|hg ogo kbgrvrg kbgmhlo 8#:> k ) p 0> jocov ah|r~ kk'

    Pbdbvh phh| jocov ~rg`ha ahglhgd# pbfrhj abmr|hg yhgd kbkfhgdrg loabkfhgdahg lhg lhbvhj lbgdhg jab`b~h|hg povarchpo hcovhg vbglhj hlh lo pbcrvrj ehpb hcovhg khmr)eivthvl'

    Pbfrhj tochyhj dvhlobg ab b~h|hg |ogddo# lhg lbgdhg lbkoaohg pjbhv)dbpbvhg |ogddo# hlh lo |b~ohvrp mb| khmr lhg lhbvhj vbpovarchpo'

    Pbfrhj |bdhgdhg khapokrk fbvdicha phk~ho lbgdhg 8:2> lyg)`k6 lorarv lhchk vbdoig

    \bdhgdhg \rvfrcbg| dbpbv kbg`h~ho pb|ogddo 0'2>> L_G ) `k6 lo lhbvhj hggrchv hg|hvh loglogd phcrvhghcovhg lhg fhcc' \bdhhgdhg dbpbv |ogddo |bvpbfr| | mbchp lo h|hp hkfhgd fh|hp yhgd lo|b|h~ahg rg|rakbgdha|oeahg ~ch|bcb|p' Ha|oehpo ~ch|bcb| hajovgyh |bvmbfha lo tochyhj vb`ov`rch|oig# lo khgh aig|ha ~ch|bcb|+ab+~ch|bcb| hlhchj lo|ogdah|ahg lhg lbgdhg lbkoaohg lo khgh ~bkfbg|rahg |vikfrp lh~h| |bvmhlo' Jhc ogolo~bvarh| icbj jhpoc acogop yhgd kbgdrgdah~ahg hlhgyh |jvikfo lo ~rg`ha `hdb'

    Pbchkh ehpb hvrp abfi`ivhg# fich fbvdbvha abkfhco lo arvpo ah|r~# ghkrg `bchj ab oc krgdaogfbg|ra# pbjogddh kbkrgdaogahg pbfrhj vbdrvdo|hpo vogdhg' vbdrvdo|hpo hcovhg |bvpbfr| loyhaogo# |h~o |olha

    |bvfra|o# rg|ra cbfoj fbvkhgehh| ~bg`hfr|hg |jvikfo' Ghkrg# lhbvhj dbpbv |ogddo krgdaog hlh lo|b~o lhvo mb| abfi`ivhg# pbjogddh kbk~vikipoahg ha|ouhpo ~ch|bcb|'

    Ah|r~ \oc|ogd+lopa

    Lhchk ~ipopo |bvfrah# lop` kbghvoa lhghgyh rg|ra kbkfbg|ra pbfrhj crfhgd fbphv lhg crfhgd ab`oc rg|ralhvhj kbgdhcov' Pbfrhj mb| khmr fbphv hcovhg fbvhphc lhvo crfhgd fbphv# pblhgdahg mb| yhgd cbfoj ab`oc lhvoyhgd cbfoj vbglhj khdgo|rli ab`b~h|hg fbvhphc lhvo crfhgd ab`oc'

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 6?

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    Ablrh ab`b~h|hg mb| yhgd fbvfblh kbgdoglrapoahg vb`ov`rch|oig khdgo|rli lo fbchahgd lop`' Pbfrhj fbg|ra~ich povarchpo hvrp lo lhbvhj pogrp' P|rlo kbch~ivahg fhjth lo lhbvhj crfhgd fbphv# dbpbv |rvfrcbg |bdhgdhg|ogddo |bvfh|hp ~hlh lhbvhj pbk~o| lo ~ogddovhg crfhgd# fbphv mb|'

    Khapokrk |bdhgdhhg dbpbv |rvfrcbg lorarv pop|icb ~hlh ~rg`ha fbvhlh lo rvr|hg 82>> lyg)`k

    \bdhgdhg dbpv |rvfrcbg \ogddo cbfoj |bvpbfhv lo crfhgd ab`oc lhvo~hlh lo lhbvhj crfhgd fbphv'Pbchkh ehpb |bv|r|r~# lop` fbvdbvha kovogd ab fbchahgd lhg arvpo lo ~bvrkhjhg ah|r~ rg|ra kbgr|r~ mhchgah|r~ crfhgd# ghkrg# `bchj ab`oc foph jhlov lo ~ogddov lop`# pbjogddh kbkrgdaogahg pbmrkchj ab`oc hcovhgvbdrvdo|hpo'

    Pbchog o|r# |oc|ogd+lopa |bvkhpra lbphog ah|r~ yhgd kbk~bv|hjhgahg kbahgopkb rg|ra lopa' Kbahgopkb ogo#lhchk fbfbvh~h lbphog# kbkbvcrahg abjhlovhgpbfrhj crfhgd lo |bgdhj |oc|ogd lopa' Lhchk lbphog# lhvhjlh~h| kbgdhcov kbchcro crfhgd |bvpbfr|lo |bgdhj lopa pbchkh ~bgr|r~hg ah|r~' Pb~bv|o lopivi| rg|ra ah|r~fich+lhg+ahglhgd# yhgd kbgdhcov kbchcro `bchj+ bchj |bvpbfr| lh~h| lojo~i|bpopahg rg|ra lojrfrgdahglbgdhg lhbvhj dbpbv |ogddo lo |b~o abfi`ivhg mvy# pbjogddh kbk~vikipoahg abvrphahg lhvhj'

    Ah|rf Focbhecb|

    Pb~bv|o lopbfr|ahg pbfbcrkgyh# cbhecb| |bvfrah kbkfhdo tochyhj yhgd |bvpbloh rg|ra hcovhg kbgmhlo |odhtochyhj= lrh ch|bvhc crfhgd lhg crfhgd ~rph|'

    Fhdohg r|hkh lhvo hcovhg ab lb~hg krg`rc lhvo lrh ch|bvhc crfhgd' ^bgdrarvhg pb~hgmhgd `bg|vb~chgb lhvoah|r~ : kk lop|hc ah|r~ hgrcrp kbgrgmraahg fhjth ab`b~h|hg lhchk crfhgd ch|bvhc *6#6 k ) p/ cbfoj |ogddo

    lhvo lo ~rph| crfhgd *6 k ) p/ 'Lrh lhbvhj vb ov`rch|oig |bvcojh| lo lhbvhj pogrp lhvo hahv hiv|h' \ogddo \bdhgdhg dbpbv |rvfrcbg jhlov lociahpo dvhlobg ab`b~h|hg |ogddo lhg lo ciahpo pbdbvh lop|hc ab cbhecb| ah|r~' Hvrp kbgmhlo cbfoj |bvdhgddrahvbgh ~bvmhchghg cbfoj jocov ah|rf fbvchgmr|'

    Uiv|opo|hp aig|rv *`rvc lhvo kblhg ab`b~h|hg/ kbgrgmraahg ~bkfbg|rahg ~bvrfhjhg `irg|bv uiv|o`bp yhgdfbvi|hpo lhchk ~bkfhgdrghg cbhecb| ~hlh ~rg`ha hvrp khmr' P|vra|rv ogo jochgd pbchkh ehpb ~bvchkfh|hg lhglodhg|oahg icbj lhbvhj hcovhg yhgd phgdh| ah`hr' ^rg`ha dbpbv |bdhgdhg |rvfrcbg yhgd lorarv pb~hgmhgd`bg|vbcogb ~chgb lo ~rg`ha pop|ic fbvhlh lo rvr|hg 82>> lyg)`k6 jocov uhcub'

    Pbchkh ehpb hvrp abfi`ivhg# pbcbfhvhg kbgr|r~ mhchg kbkr|hv ab crfhgd ah|r~' Ghkrg# lbphog focbhecb|ah|r~ mhg|rgd kbahgoa kbg`har~ fbfbvh~h lbvhmh| abfi`ivhg hvrp kbchcrof+lh|rk dh~ *dhvop lo khgh lrh cbhecb| kbgybg|rj ph|r phkh chog/ lhg abpbgmhgdhg ~ogddovhg# |b|h~o|bvmhlo |bvr|hkh ~hlh phh| `bchj ogo lo lhbvhj bgdpbc'

    ^bvfblhhg |bahghg |ogddo ~hlh ah|r~ |bv|r|r~ kbgybfhfahg bgdpbc fbvdbvha `b~h|' abfi`ivhg hvrp yhgdhajovgyh krg`rc lo jrcr hajov ah|r~ pbfhdho mb| pbk~o|'

    Hcovhg kbchcro lhbvhj bgdpbc pbchkh ehpb |bv|r|r~ hthcgyh lovhg`hgd rg|ra kbg`r o bgdpbc acb~# pbjogddhkbg`bdhj p|hpop lhbvhj hcovhg lhg kbgdjhkfh| ~bkfbg|rahg |jvikfrp koavi' Ghkrg# fbphvgyh hcovhgvb|vidvhlb |bchj |bvfra|o kbvrdoahg pbc pbc lhvhj `bccp'

    Dhkfhv < kbgrgmraahg pab|ph hcovhg arhco|h|oe pbchkh khmr lhg ehpb abfi`ivhg hvrp lhchk lhbvhj pbglofocbhecb| bk~h| ah|r~ mhg|rgd# |bvaho| lbgdhg ~i|bgpo |ogddo rg|ra ~bkfbg|rahg |vikfrp# hlh lobgdpbc tochyhj lhvo Kbl|vigo` bgdpbc ^hvhcbc pbchkh ehpb |bv|r|r~# pblhgdahg hcovhg vhk~ogd jhlov lo bgdpbcyhgd chog'

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 0>

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    Ah|r~ \vocbhecb|

    Foi~vip|jb|o` ah|r~ mhg|rgd |bvlovo lhvo |odh pbcbfhvhg yhgd |bvfrah rg|ra kbkfbg|ra pbfrhj crfhgd ~rph|rg|ra lhvhj kbgdhcov kbchcro# pbjogddh kbgybvr~ho bvh| |vocbhecb| hpco ah|r~ hiv|h' Pbfrhj mb| pb~bv|ohcovhg krg`rc lhvo pbcbfhvhg |bvfrah pbchkh ehpb hvrp khmr' mb| ogo lo`ovoahg icbj pbfrhj `ig|vh`|h pbdbvh jocovah|r~ ubgh# looar|o lbgdhg ~bvcrhphg tochyhj'

    Ab`b~h|hg pb|ogddo 0#4 k ) p |bchj loch~ivahg jocov lhvo ah|r~ mhg|rgd fhfo lo ~rg`ha khmr ~jhpb Ab`b~h|hghvrp chkfh|# lo rvr|hg pbfbphv 8#42 lhg 8#4 k ) p# loch~ivahg pbchkh ~bv`b~h|hg lhg ehpb ~bvchkfh|hg#vbp~b`|oubcy

    Hcovhg mb| ab lb~hg loabcocogdo icbj `irg|bv+vi|h|ogd lhbvhj vbpovarchpo' dbpbv |bdhgdhg |ogddo |rvfrcbg |bvmhlo lo|b~o mb|' Vh|h+vh|h lhg |bdhgdhg dbpbv khapokrk fbvdicha phk~ho lbgdhg 6>>> lhg > lyg)`k6# khpogd+khpogd# |bchj lorarv lo ~rg`ha pyp|icb'

    Pbchkh ehpb |bv|r|r~# pbcbfhvhg `ih~| rg|ra kbg`bdhj Vbdrvdo|hpo# ghkrg# abfi`ivhg hvrp lh~h| fbvhphclhvo ~rph| ah|r~ moah pbcbfhvhg |olha kbgr|r~ lbgdhg fbghv' ich hcovhg pbvr~h |bchj loch~ivahg pb~hgmhgdjocov mhg|rgd' Ah|r~ mhg|rgd |vocbhecb| ~icokbv# yhgd lodrghahg lo lhchk mhg|rgd frh|hg |b|h~o fbcrk pbfhdho~bgddhg|o ah|r~ mhg|rgd'

    Kbpao~rg ahvha|bvop|oa hcovhg rkrk lhvo pbkrh ah|r~ foi~vip|jb|o hlhchj phkh# ~bvfblhhghlh ahvbgh ~bvfblhhg yhgd jhcrp lhchk lbphog ah|r~# pb~bv|o =

    + \ogddo acb~#+ Fhjhg *fhfo# ~bvoahvlohc lcc/ lhg

    + Ahvha|bvop|oa p|bg| *p|bg|bl ah|r~ up p|bg|cbpp/'

    Lhvo pbkrh ah|r~ foi~vip|jb|o`# ah|r~ p|bg|cbpp kbkocoao aogbvmh yhgd rgddrclbgdhg BIHp |bvfbphv' Lo hg|hvh p|bg|bl ah|r~# ah|r~ p|bg|bl ~bvoahvlohc loab|hjro kbkocoao BIHp cbfojfbphv lhvo fhfo foi~vip|jbpbp'

    HVHJ KHPH LB^HG LHG ^BGBCO\OHG KBAHGOAH ECROLH

    Pb~bv|o lopivi| lhchk fhdohg pbfbcrkgyh# aogbvmh ah|r~ mhg|rgd frh|hg bvh|

    Po|o Mrchojh Dvfgbv)^hp`h Phvmhgh \bagicido Foikblop RO ^hdb 08

  • 7/23/2019 Artificial Katup Jantung - Siti Julaiha

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    loh|rv icbj kbahgoah ecrolh lhchk ah|r~ ogo# yhgd# ~hlh docovhggyh# phgdh| |bvaho| lbgdhgdbikb|vo# kh|bvohc lhg kbahgopkb lhvo lbphog ah|r~'

    \hg|hgdhg vbahyhph mbchp hlhchj rg|ra kbvhg`hgd ah|r~ mhg|rgd yhgd i~|okhc' \hg|hgdhg |bvpbfr| phh| ogohvhjahg ~hlh |odh jhc r|hkh =

    + Kbgdhkfoc chgdahj krglrv lhvo aigpb~ ~bvhgdah| frh|hg lhg |bchj kbgdhkfoc vr|b |bagoa ah|r~mhvogdhg jolr~ lbgdhg ahvha|bvop|oa ah|r~ mhg|rgd hpc'

    + Kbgdbkfhgdahg hch| ~bvjo|rgdhg khmr loghkoah ecrolh *@EL/ rg|ra pb`hvh harvh| kbk~vbloapoecrolh kbahgoah lo pbao|hv ah|r~ mhg|rgd ab pbc+pbc lhvhj vbpicrpo oglouolr'

    + Kbgrgmraahg kbahgopkb aihdrchpo |b~h| yhgd kbkoo`r jbkiloghkoa lo ah|r~ mhg|rgd kbgddrghahgbz uoui lhg og uo|vi # pbjogddh kbkfrah mhchg rg|ra kbk~bvfhoao lbphog yhgd prlhj hlh fbvlhphvahg~bgdrarvhg chgdprgd aihdrchpo

    + '

    Vbahyhph Mhvogdhg ah|r~ mhg|rgd

    Abkhmrhg |bvfhvr lhchk |bagoa mhvogdhg |bchj kbglivigd vbahyhph mhvogdhg ah|r~ mhg|rgd' Abfbvjhpochgvbahyhph mhvogdhg ah|r~ mhg|rgd *\BJU/ phgdh| fbvdhg|rgd ~hlh~bgbg|rhg fhjhg ~bvhg`hj yhgd i~|okhc# prkfbv pbc lhg lhchk ~bgdh|rvhg ~vb`iglo|oigogd uo|vi'

    ^bvhg`hj |bagicido phh| ogo lodrghahg rg|ra \BJUp |bvlovo lhvo ~bvhg`hj foicidop lhg pog|b|oa# lo|ogmhr pb`hvhbap|bgpoe icbj Kic b| hc'#

    ^bvhg`hj foicido |bvkhpra lb`bccrchvo}bl hccidvhe| lhg ah|r~ zbgidvhe|# hr|icidrp aichdbg lhg hr|icidrpeofvog dbc'

    Aigpb~ ah|r~ lb`bccrchvo}bl fbvhphc lhvo abfr|rjhg rg|ra kbgdbcrhvahg aik~igbg pbcrchv okrgidbgoapbkbg|hvh |b|h~ kbk~bv|hjhgahg kh|voap bap|vhpbcrcbv ~vi|bog ~bg|ogd *B@K/ yhgd lh~h| fbvergdpo pbfhdho|bk~ch|b og|vogpoa rg|ra chk~ovhg pbc'

    ^bkbcojhvhhg poeh| kbahgoa |bvdhg|rgd ~hlh |bagoa lb`bccrchvo}h|oig lhg lbvhmh| oah|hg pochgd'Pb hvh rkrk# pbcbfhvhg hccidvhe| gig+|b|h~ h`bccrchv ah|r~ |bchj lo|rgmraahg rg|ra kbk~vikipoahg~bgh|hhg abkfhco ~vip|jbpop lbgdhg kbglivigd gbiuhp`rchvo}h|oig lhg vb`bccrchvo}h|oig icbj jip|lhg kbkocoao og|bdvo|hp kbahgoa `rar~ rg|ra kbghjhg aiglopo eopoicidop pb|bchj ok~chg|hpo# fhjahg lo ~ipopohiv|h' Kbpao~rg h`bccrchv kh|voap pbfhdho fhjhg ~bvhg`hj krgdaog kbgmhgmoahg rg|ra ~bgddrghhg acogopkhph lb~hg# abarvhgdhg ~hcogd ~bg|ogd hlhchj vbpoai kbgrchv ab|oah fhjhg jbthg+lo|rvrgahg yhgdlodrghahg# pbv|h aik~coahpo okrgicido'

    Pbfbghvgyh# h~coahpo acogop yhgd ~bv|hkh kbgddrghahg zbgidvhe| lb`bccrchvo}bl ah|r~ hiv|h aik~ipo| ~hlh

    hgha+hgha kbgrgmraahg abdhdhchg ah|r~ mhg|rgd yhgd `b~h| haofh| vbhapo |rfrj hpogd yhgd ~hvhj |bvaho|lbgdhg 42" ch