putrajaya lake & wetland: water quality status. dr rani -putrajaya- seminar... · putrajaya...
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Presented by
ABDUL RANI ABDULLAH BAGINDA, PhD
Principal Consultant
Alam Sekitar Malaysia Sdn Bhd
Putrajaya Lake & Wetland:
Water Quality Status
5 February 2013
THE PUTRAJAYA LAKE CATCHMENT AND
SUNGAI LANGAT BASIN
Sg. Langat
Catchment
2420 km2
Putrajaya Lake
Catchment
51 km2
Putrajaya Lake
Catchment
Sungai Langat
Basin
INTRODUCTION
PUTRAJAYA WETLAND
Constructed wetland system comprises 6 arms with 23
cells.
All arms (except Upper Bisa) eventually discharge to
Central Wetland, then to Putrajaya Lake
Straddle the water courses of Sg. Chuau, Sg. Bisa & 3
tributaries.
The 6 arms differ in size, depths, plant communities &
pollutant loads that it is designed to handle.
INTRODUCTION
PUTRAJAYA LAKE
Located at the southern part of the wetland
60% of the lake water flow from the wetland and the
remaining 40% is direct discharge from bordering
promenade.
The water surface area of the whole lake is about 400
hectares.
The total volume of the whole lake ~24 million m3.
Water depth ranges from 3 -14 meters.
The lake has been planned to cater for recreation,
fishing, water sports and water transport.
Monitoring Objectives
To monitor and assess the water quality at the Putrajaya lake for its
suitability for recreational use with body contact
To identify and investigate pollution sources
- To monitor and assess potential problems normally associated with a
lake ecosystem
- To investigate trends in pollution, identify potential threats and
recommend preventive management measures
To monitor and assess the development of the ecosystem
To assess efficacy of existing environmental management and control
measures and to propose appropriate recommendations when
necessary
Assessment Approaches
Compliance to appropriate water quality objectives and standards:
* Putrajaya Ambient Lake Water Quality Standards
* National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia
* World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environment
* European Economic Community (EEC) Standard 76/160/EEC: Requirements for Bathing Water and other Relevant Standards
* Drinking Water Quality Standard
Water Quality Index
Trophic State Index
Comparison with natural ecosystems
Monitoring Program
SCOPE OF WORK
FREQUENCY DETAILS
Water Quality
Monthly Batch sampling of water at designated sampling points for the analysis of selected water quality parameters
Biweekly
Yearly
Pollution Event
As /when
Field sampling team is to inform the PjC upon observation of any event of pollution or drastic deterioration of the lake/wetland condition
Diurnal / Depth Profile
Yearly In situ measurements of selected water quality parameters at specific depths and time intervals at the designated sampling points
Groundwater Sampling and Monitoring
Twice yearly In situ measurements of selected water quality parameters at the two designated well
Monitoring Program
SCOPE OF WORK
FREQUENCY DETAILS
Waterborne Pathogens
Bi-Monthly To detect and quantify the protozoa, Cryptosporidium and Giardia at designated locations
Phytoplankton Monitoring
Quarterly To identify phytoplankton species distribution to highest taxonomic level possible.
Zooplankton Monitoring
Quarterly To identify zooplankton species distribution to highest taxonomic level possible and count and enumerate zooplankton density.
Macrobenthos Monitoring
Quarterly To identify macrobenthos species living in the Putrajaya Lake and Wetlands ecosystem
Mosquito Assessment
Twice yearly
To determine the mosquito species present and assess their population status
Assessment of Fauna
Twice yearly
To develop biodiversity profiles (including distribution, ecological aspect, species and population density) based on survey conducted on terrestrial fauna in the Putrajaya lake and wetlands area.
Water Quality Parameters
FREQUENCY WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS MONITORED
Biweekly & Monthly Insitu:
Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Temperature, Salinity, Conductivity, Transparency
Lab :
BOD, COD, TSS, NH3N, E.coli, Faecal coliform and Total
Coliform
Bi-monthly Insitu:
Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Temperature, Salinity, Conductivity, Transparency
Lab :
Chlorophyll- a, Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus
Water Quality Parameters
FREQUENCY WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS MONITORED
Yearly Insitu:
Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Temperature, Salinity, Conductivity, Transparency
Lab :
Total Chlorophyll, Nitrate, Turbidity, Phosphate, Chloride, Colour, Conductivity, Hardness, Alkalinity, Aluminium,Ammonia, Arsenic, Antimony, Barium, Beryllium, Boron, Cadmium,Free Chlorine, Total Chromium, Copper, Cyanide, Flourine, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Nickel, T. Phosphorus, Silica, Selenium, Silver, Sulphur, Sulphate, Zinc, Oil&Grease, Chlorophyll-a,T.coliform, Salmonella, Gross-alpha, Gross-Beta, Radium-226, Strontium-90, Carbon Chloroform Extract, MBAS/BAS, Oil &Grease (mineral), Oil & Grease (emulsified edible), PCB, Phenol, Aldrin/Dieldrin, BHC, Chlordane, t-DDT, Endosulfan, Heptachlor/Epoxide, Lindane, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TP, Paraquat
WATER QUALITY
MONITORING
NETWORK:
Sampling Points At
Putrajaya Lake &
Wetland
Parameter UnitPutrajaya Ambient Lake Water Quality
Standards
Aluminium mg/I <0.05 if pH <6.5 <0.1 if pH>6.5
Ammmoniacal Nitrogen mg/I 0.3
Ammonia mg/I 0.02-0.03
Arsenic mg/I 0.05
Antimony mg/I 0.03
Barium mg/I I
Beryllium mg/I 0.004
Boron mg/I 1
Cadmium mg/I 0.002
Free Chlorine mg/I 1.5
Chromium, Total mg/I 0.05
Copper mg/I 0.02
Cyanide mg/I 0.02
Flourine mg/I 1.5
Iron mg/I 1
Lead mg/I 0.05
Manganase mg/I 0.1
Mercury mg/I 0.0001
Nickel mg/I 0.02
Nitrate (N03-N) mg/I 7
Nitrite (N02-N) mg/I 0.04
Total Phosphorus mg/I 0.05
Silica mg/I 50
Selenium mg/I 0.01
Silver mg/I 0.05
Sulphur mg/I 0.05
Sulphate mg/I 250
Zinc mg/I 5
BOD mg/I 3
COD mg/I 25
Colour TUC 150
Conductivity uS/cm 1000
Salinity ppt 1
Total Suspended Solid mg/ I 50
Turbidity NTU 50
Transparency (Secchi) m 0.6
Hardness mg/I 250
Taste - No Objectionable Taste
Dissolved Oxygen mg/I 5-7
Odour - No Objectionable Odour
PH - 6.5 - 9.0
Temperature ºC 30 ºC, Normal±
Oil & Grease mg/I 1.5
Chlorophyll-a ug/l 0.7
Floatables - No Visible Floatables
Parameter UnitPutrajaya Ambient Lake Water Quality
Standards
Faecal Coliform Counts/100ml 100
Total Coliform Counts/100ml 5000
Salmonella Counts/l 0
Enteroviruses PFU/l 0
Gross-alpha Bq/l 0.1
Gross-Beta Bq/l 1
Radium-226 Bq/l <0.1
Strontium-90 Bq/l <1
Carbon Chloroform Extract ug/l 500
MBAS/BAS ug/l 500
Oil & Grease (Mineral) ug/l -
Oil & Grease (Emulsified Edible) ug/l -
PCB ug/l 0.1
Phenol ug/l 10
Aldrin/Dieldrin ug/l 0.02
BHC ug/l 2
Chlordane ug/l 0.08
t-DDT ug/l 0.1
Endosulfan ug/l 10
Heptachlor/Epoxide ug/l 0.05
Lindane ug/l 2
2,4-D ug/l 70
2,4,5-T ug/l 10
2,4,5-TP ug/l 4
Paraquat ug/l 10
RADIOACTIVITY
MICROBIOLOGICAL CONSTITUENTS
ORGANICS
PUTRAJAYA AMBIENT
LAKE WATER
QUALITY STANDARDS
(PLWQS)
PUTRAJAYA LAKE WATER QUALITY Water Quality Index – Yearly 2001 to 2012
WQI-2001-2012
65.0
67.5
70.0
72.5
75.0
77.5
80.0
82.5
85.0
87.5
90.0
92.5
95.0
97.5
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
WQ
I
WQI
Class I NWQS
Class II NWQS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
% C
lass
I a
nd
II
WQI Class I(>92.7) WQI Class II(76.5-92.7)
WQI: Percentage Class I
Putrajaya Lake
DIURNAL SAMPLING, Dec 2012
Figure 1.1 Hourly Trend of pH Level at Jambatan Seri Bestari
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
0000
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
Time
pH
0.3 m 2.1 m 4.2 m
Figure 4.1 Hourly Trend of pH Level at CW
0.00
5.00
10.00
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
0000
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
Time
pH
0.3 m 1.9 m 3.8 m
Putrajaya Lake
DIURNAL SAMPLING, Dec 2012
Figure 3.2 Hourly Trend of DO Level at Dam
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
0000
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
Time
DO
(mg/l)
0.3 m 5.2 m 10.4 m
Figure 2.2 Hourly Trend of DO Level at Jambatan Seri Wawasan
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
0000
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
Time
DO
(mg/l)
0.3 m 2.5 m 5.1 m
The concept of trophic status is based on the fact
that changes in:
Trophic State Index (TSI)
TSI Classification
Nutrient levels (measured by total
phosphorus) Changes in lake clarity (measured by
Secchi disk)
Changes in algal biomass (measured by
chlorophyll a)
Putrajaya Lake
Trophic State Index (TSI)
(2004 to 2012)
Trophic State Index (TSI): 2004-2012
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
TS
I
Total Phosphorus
Chlorophyll-a
Transparency
Oligotrophic (<30)
Mesotrophic (40-50)
Eutrophic (50-60)
KELAh Sanctuary:
Demonstration of Class I Water
Quality
Putrajaya Wetlands: Habitat of diversified Flora and Fauna
Urban Ecology : Nature in the urban fabric
Putrajaya 2025 –
Population Projection
Tahun Unjuran Penduduk Saiz Isi Rumah
2007 49,452 4.4
2010 70,700 4.4
2015 152,500 4.4
2020 281,500 4.4
2023 320,000 4.9
2025 350,000 5.3
* Rujukan: Putrajaya 2025 – Laporan Pemeriksaan: Analisis dan Penemuan Perumahan
Maindrain GPT 33
(Algae Bloom)
Lake Valley
(Algae Bloom)
Taman Botani
(Algae Bloom)
Cruise Tasik
Putrajaya
(Algae Bloom)
Kelab Tasik
(Algae Bloom)
GPT P4 & P19
(Sewage)
TBMF
(Algae Bloom)
WSC
(Algae Bloom)
GPT Cyberjaya
(Sewage)
Hotspots - Current
Hotspots - Putrajaya Lake
Maindrain GPT 33
Kelab Tasik
CTP, Pier 1
Lake Valley TBMF
Hotspots - Putrajaya Lake (Con’t)
Lake Valley
Water Sport
Centre
STP / GPT –
Cyberjaya / Seri
Puteri
GPT – P4 and P19
GPT – P16
Potential Hotspots
Algae Bloom /
Sewage
Pollution Event – Yearly Trend
Pollution Event-Yearly
0
5
10
15
20
2004 2005 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
No
. o
f C
as
es
Pollution Event –
Sewage-Related Discharge
Pollution Event - Sewage
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2005 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
No
. o
f E
ven
t
Pollution Event –
Sewage – 2011 to2012
Sewage Overflow at Presint 16, Putrajaya
on January to March 2011
Sewage Overflow at STP Pump Area,
Presint 13, Putrajaya, March 2011
Pollution Event –
Sewage – 2011 to2012
Sewer Line Break Incident at Presint 4,
Putrajaya. December 2011
Overflow from IOI Recreational
Pond to Wetland cell. November
2012
Pollution Event –
Sewage – 2011 to2012
Sewage Overflow at Presint 9, Putrajaya. December 2011 to
March 2012.
Euglena Bloom UN8, UN7, UN6, UN5 (2011-2012)
WETLAND_ UPPER NORTH 8 (UN8)
6 DIS 2012
Euglena Bloom UN8, UN7, UN6, UN5 (2011-2012)
UPPER NORTH 6
UPPER NORTH 7
UPPER NORTH 5
UPPER NORTH 6A
pada 29 Dis 2012
UPPER NORTH 5
pada 29 Dis 2012
Algae Bloom Episodes
Botryococcus blooms at Lake, (2007 – 2009)
Other Pollution Episodes
Oil spillage, boat submerged incident during
the second day of the KBS F3000 Powerboat
Top Gun Championship at Presint 6,
Putrajaya Lake
February 2012
Concluding Remarks
A dynamic water quality monitoring program • Monitoring program to align with continuing improvement in management
strategies
•Establishing a automatic water quality monitoring network as early warning
system
• Incorporating stakeholder engagement and participation
The Putrajaya Lake and Wetlands: A unique ecosystem
• Facilitate and participate information exchange between lake interest groups
both nationally as well as internationally
• Collate research activities conducted thus far and establish priority research
areas
• Establish a Putrajaya Lake and Wetlands Research Committee to assess and
facilitate research proposals
THANK YOU
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