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Sistema Musculoskeletal:

Skeletal

Arif Wicaksono

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Tata Bahasa

Inggris

Indonesia

Latin

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Pelafalan Latin

Huruf CCa = calvaria

caput

Ce = se

cervix

Ci = si

circumflekus

Co = ko

cortex

Cu = kucurvatura

Cr = kr

cranial

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Arah

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Regio

Linea?

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Manusia?

Quadrupedal

Tetrapoda

Bipedal

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Pendahuluan

Sistem skeletal:

Tulang

Tulang rawan

LigamentumArticulatio

20% berat badan

Os axial

Os appendicular

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Fungsi :

1. Pengungkit

2. Penyanggga

3. Lain : proteksi, penyimpanan,pembentuk darahmerah

Arsitektur tulangTulang kompak

Tulang spongiosa

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Jenis tulang :

1. Tulang panjang

2. Tulang pendek

3. Tulang pipih

4. Tulang ireguler

5. Tulang sesamoidea

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Os Axial

Cranium

Ossicula auditiva

Maleus

IncusStapes

Hyoid

Columna vertebralis

Sternum

Costae

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Cranium

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Klinis: sinus paranasalis

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Ossicula Auditiva

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Hyoid

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Columna Vertebralis

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Atlas (VC I)

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Axis (VC II)

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Os Sacrum

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Os coccygis

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Sternum

Manubrium sterni

Corpus sterni

Processus xiphoideus

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Costae

Costae

Verae

Spuriae

Fluctuantes

Margo costalis

Arcus costalis

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Os Appendicularis

Extremitas AtasKorset Bahu

LenganAtas

BawahTangan

Extremitas bawahKorset pelvis

TungkaiAtas

Bawah

Kaki

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Clavicula

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Scapula

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Humerus

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Radius et Ulna

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Regio Manus

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Pelvis

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Os Coxae

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

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Femur

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Patella

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Tibia et Fibula

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Regio Pedis

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Memahami?

1. NAMA TULANG2. BAGIAN TULANG

3. TEMPAT MELEKAT APA?/DILEWATI APA?

4. KANAN/KIRI ?5. APLIKASI KLINIS

6. DI UJUNG→ BERSENDI DENGAN BAGIAN APA

DARI TULANG LAIN?

7. MEMBENTUK ARTICULATIO APA?8. PERGERAKAN SENDI TERSEBUT?

-100. BELAJAR

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Sistema Musculoskeletal:

Muscular

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Jenis

Otot skelet

Tulang

Volunter

Otot jantungJantung

Involunter

Otot polosDinding organ visceral

Involunter

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Arsitektur

Paralel

Serabut otot berjalan ke arah yang sama pada

keseluruhan otot

Pennatus

Serabut otot berjalan ke arah diagonal dari

tendo otot

Seluruh serabut tidak berjalan ke arah yang sama

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Fungsi

Memberi tenaga untuk kontribusi pergerakan

Mempertahankan postur tubuh dan posisi

mengangkat & menurunkan bagian tubuh

menghasilkan gerakan cepat

mendorong benda ke udara

meningkatkan stabilitas pada persendian

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Mendukung dan melindungi organ visceral

Mengubah dan mengontrol tekanan

Mengatur temperatur tubuh

menghasilkan panas

Proses sehari-hari

Menelan

Miksi

Defekasi

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Penamaan

Lokasim. temporalis

m. intercostalis

Bentukm. deltoideus

m. trapezius

Ukuranm. gluteus maximus

m. gluteus minimus

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Arah serabutm. rectus abdominis

m. transversus abdominis

Jumlah Origo

m. biceps brachiim. tricpes brachii

Lokasi perlekatanm. Sternocleidomastoideus

Gerakanm. flexor digitorum

m. adductor longus

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Origo dan Insertio

Origo

Asal

Insertio

Penempelan

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Jenis Perlekatan

Langsung

m. coracobrachialis

Melalui tendon

m. Triceps brachii

Aponeurosis

m. Palmaris longus

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Regio Caput

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Regio Collum

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Regio Thorax

i l

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mm. intercostales

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Diafragma

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Regio Abdomen

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Regio Dorsum

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Regio Brachium

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Regio Antebrachium et Manus

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Regio Sacralis

l l

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Regio Glutealis

l

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Regio Femoralis

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R i C i

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Regio Cruris

MEMAHAMI?

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1. NAMA2. KENAPA DIBERI NAMA SEPERTI ITU?

3. ORIGO DAN INSERTIO

4. KERJA

5. PERGERAKAN6. INERVASI

7. VASKULARISASI

8. APLIKASI KLINIS

9. CARI BERBAGAI SUDUT PANDANG

10. KANAN/KIRI?

- 100. BELAJAR

MEMAHAMI?

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Gerakan Dasar

K

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Komponen

Saraf 

Otot

Tulang

Si t S f

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Sistem Saraf

Sistem saraf pusat

Pergerakan

Inisiasi

Kendali

pengawasan

Sistem saraf perifer

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Neuron motorik

Motor unitSatu neuron dapat berakhir pada rerata 100-200 serat

otot5-6 serat pada m. Orbicularis oculi

2000 serat pad m. Gluteus maximus

Rasio kecil = kontrol gerakan yang lebih baikRasio besar = berfungsi pada output muskular

besar seperti berjalan dan menahanbeban

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Rasio

1: 10 otot mata

1: 96 m. Lumbricales

1:300 m. Interossei dorsalis manus

1:500 m. Tibialis anterior

1:1000 m. Biceps brachii1:1600 m. Gluteus maximus

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Tipe motor unit

Tipe serat

Tipe I slow twitch oxidative

Tipe II a fast twitch oxidativeTipe II b fast twitch glycolitic

Latihan spesifik dapat mengubah serat dari tipeIIa menjadi II b

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Tipe I slow twitch oxidative

Transmisi lambat

80 m/detik

Waktu kontraksi lambat

> 70 ms

Paling kecil

Tegangan sangat kecil

Menahan tegangan sangat lama

Mempertahankan posisi

Stabilisasi sendiMengetik

Jogging

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Tipe II a fast twitch oxidative

Waktu kontraksi cepat

30-50 ms

Lebih resisten terhadap lelah

Tegangan sedang

Waktu yang lama

Berenang dan bersepeda

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Tipe II b fast twitch glycolitic

Impuls cepat> 100m/detik

waktu kontraksi cepat30-40 ms

Tekanan tinggi

Cepat lelahSprint

Melompat

Angkat berat

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Neuron sensorik

Pengendalian saraf 

Reflex

Reseptor sensorik

Muscle spindle

Golgi tendon

Reseptor sensorik sendi

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Sistem Otot

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Sistem Otot

Karakteristik

Iritabilitas

Kontraktibilitas

Ekstensibilitas

Elastibilitas

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StrukturKompartemen

Fascia

Kelompok otot

Serat otot

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PeranAgonis

Antagonis

Stabilisasi

Netralisasi

Gerakan :

Penggerak utama

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Latihan OtotKonsentrik

Eksentrik

Isometrik

Isotonik

Isokinetik

Plyometric

Sistem Tulang

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Sistem Tulang

Respon elastikSaat awal

Deformasi 3%

recovery

Respon plastik

Beban diteruskan

Permanen

Unrecovery

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CartilagoArticular/ hyalin

Avaskuler

Air

Kolagen

Proteoglikan

anisotropik

Fibrocartilago

Pertemuan car.hyalin dengan tendo/ligamen

Meniscus/discus articularis

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LigamentumLig. Capsular

Lig. glenohumeralis

Lig. EkstracapsularLig. Collateral fibulae

Lig. Intra-articular

Lig. Cruciatum

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ArticulatioKlasifikasi

Struktural

Fibrosa

Kartilaginosa

synovial

Fungsional

Synarthrosis

Amphiarthrosis

Diarthrosis

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Art. FibrosaSutura

Syndesmosis

Gomphosis

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Art. CartilagenosaSynchondrosis

symphysis

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Art. SynovialStruktur

Cartilago articularis

Capsula articularis

Cavum synovial

Cairan synovial

Ligamentum

Bursa

Selubung tendo

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PenyusunSederhana

2 facies articulatio

Compound

3 atau lebih facies articulatioKompleks

Lebih dari 2 facies articulatio

fibrocartilago

PosisiClose-packed

Loose-packed

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Jenis

1. Art. Plana(Plane)Antara tarsal

Antara carpal

Non axial

2. Art. Gynglymus(Hinge)Satu bidang

uniaxial

3. Art. Trochoidea(Pivot)Satu bidang

uniaxial

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4. Art. CondylarisSatu bidang

Sedikit pergerakan

Di bidang lain

5. Art. Ellipsoidea

Dua bidang

biaxial

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6. Art. Sellaris(Sadel)Dua bidang

Sedikit rotasi

7. Art. Spheroidea(Ball and socket)Tiga bidang

Paling mobile

Sendi di Tubuh Manusia

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Gerakan

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Gerakan

PosisiLokasi objek relatif pada suatu referensi

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BidangCoronal/frontal

Depan dan belakang

SagitalKanan dan kiri

Transversal

Atas dan bawah

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Axis

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GerakanDasar

Khusus

Gerakan Dasar

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FleksiGerakan melipat

Penurunan sudut antara dua segmen

Ekstensi

Gerakan meluruskanPenambahan sudut antara dua segmen

Sendi kembali ke posisi referensi/awal

HiperfleksiHiperekstensi

7/21/2019 2014-Sistema Musculoskeletal.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2014-sistema-musculoskeletalpdf 127/134

AbduksiGerakan menjauhi

Garis tengah/ suatu segmen

Adduksi

Gerakan kembali/mendekati

Garis tengah/ suatu segmen

Hiperabduksihiperadduksi

7/21/2019 2014-Sistema Musculoskeletal.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2014-sistema-musculoskeletalpdf 128/134

RotasiRotasi internal/medial

Rotasi eksternal/lateral

Rotasi kanan/kiriSegmen yang ke arah anterior

Segmen yang ke arah posterior

Subjektif /objektif?

Gerakan Khusus

7/21/2019 2014-Sistema Musculoskeletal.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2014-sistema-musculoskeletalpdf 129/134

Fleksi lateral kananFleksi lateral kiri

ElevasiDepresi

ProtraksiRetraksi

7/21/2019 2014-Sistema Musculoskeletal.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2014-sistema-musculoskeletalpdf 130/134

Adduksi / fleksi horizontalFleksi+adduksi

Abduksi/ekstensi horizontal

Ekstensi+abduksi

Pronasi

Rotasi internal

SupinasiRotasi eksternal

7/21/2019 2014-Sistema Musculoskeletal.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2014-sistema-musculoskeletalpdf 131/134

DorsofleksiFleksi kaki

Plantarfleksi

Ekstensi kaki

Inversi

Pengangkatan batas medial kaki

EversiPengangkatan batas lateral kaki

7/21/2019 2014-Sistema Musculoskeletal.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2014-sistema-musculoskeletalpdf 132/134

Range of MovementDegree of Freedom

Center of Gravity

Point of Aplication

Line of Action

Aktivitas fisik

7/21/2019 2014-Sistema Musculoskeletal.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2014-sistema-musculoskeletalpdf 133/134

UmurGender

Penyakit tertentu

Jenis

Intensitas

Durasi

Frekwensi

Target

Pemanasan

7/21/2019 2014-Sistema Musculoskeletal.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2014-sistema-musculoskeletalpdf 134/134

TERIMA KASIH