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    renewable energy source

    presenting

    WAVE & TIDAL ENERGY

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    Mueen Aslam

    Waqas Arif Butt

    Rao Muhammad Ahmed Usman Amir Butt

    Junaid Ajmal

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    History of Wave Energy

    In 1799 by Girard and his Son gave idea

    In1910 in Paris by Bochaux Praceique

    In 1973 by Stephen Salter , Johan Falnes

    and Michael E. etc.

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    History of Tidal Energy

    In 900 AD. People used this energy for grinding

    grains.

    In 12th Century mills were used in France andEngland.

    1st commercial tidal power plant was used in

    1960. It is producing 240 M Watt.

    2nd commercial tidal power plant was used in

    1982.It is producing 200 M Watt.

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    What is Wave?

    TYPES OF WAVES

    Longitudinal waves

    Transverse waves

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    TYPES OF WAVES

    Longitudinal waves

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    TYPES OF WAVES

    Transverse waves

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    WAVE AND

    TIDAL ENERGY

    What are Tides?

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    TYPES OF TIDES

    Spring Tides

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    TYPES OF TIDES

    Neap Tides

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    TYPES OF OCEAN ENERGY

    Wave energy

    Tidal energy

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    WAVE ENERGY

    Wave energy is the transport of energy by ocean waves

    and capture of that energy to do useful work.

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    TIDAL ENERGY

    Tidal energy is the energy that could be obtained from

    the changing of sea levels.

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    Wave Energy

    I

    ntroduction Waves are created by the gravitational action

    of sun and the moon and also by the

    interaction of wind with the surface of the

    sea.

    Wave power is practically inexhaustible and

    classified as a renewable energy source.

    Wave energy can be extracted and convertedinto electricity by wave power machines. They

    can be deployed either on the shoreline or in

    deeper waters offshore.

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    Wave Energy Generating Devices

    1.Float or Pitching Device or buoyant moored

    device

    2.Oscillating Water Columns (OWC)

    3.Hinged contour device

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    1.Float or Pitching Device or buoyant moored

    device

    The device floats on or just below the

    surface of the water and is moored to thesea floor.

    A wave power machine needs to resist the

    motion of the waves in order to generate

    power: part of the machine needs to movewhile another part remains still.

    In this type of device, the mooring is static

    and is arranged in such a way that the waves

    motion will move only one part of the

    machine. Electricity is generated from the

    bobbing or pitching action of a floating

    object which can be mounted to a floating

    raft or to a device fixed on the ocean floor.

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    2.Oscillating Water Columns (OWC)

    An oscillating water column is a partiallysubmerged, hollow structure that is installed

    in the ocean.

    It is open to the sea below the water line,enclosing a column of air on top of a column

    of water.

    Waves cause the water column to rise and fall,which in turn compresses and depresses the

    air column.

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    Oscillating Water Columns (OWC)..

    This trapped air is allowed to flow to and from

    the atmosphere via a Wells turbine, which has

    the ability to rotate in the same direction

    regardless of the direction of the airflow. The

    rotation of the turbine is used to generate

    electricity.

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    3.Hinged counter device

    Here, the resistance to the waves is created by

    the alternate motion of the waves, which

    raises and lowers different sections of the

    machine relative to each other, pushinghydraulic fluid through hydraulic pumps to

    generate electricity.

    A hinged contour device is able to operate atgreater depths than the buoyant moored

    device.

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    Hinged counter device

    These shoreline devices, also called "taperedchannel" systems, rely on a shore-mounted

    structure to channel and concentrate the

    waves, driving them into an elevated reservoir.

    Water flow out of this reservoir is used to

    generate electricity, using standard

    hydropower technologies.

    The main problem with wave power is thatthe sea is a very harsh, unforgiving

    environment.

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    Hinged counter device

    An economically-viable wave power machine

    will need to generate power over a wide range

    of wave sizes, as well as being able to

    withstand the largest and most severe stormsand other potential problems such as algae,

    barnacles and corrosion.

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    Tidal Energy

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    TIDAL ENERGY

    What is tidal energy?

    Tidal power is the power of

    electricity achieved by capturingthe energy contained in moving

    water mass due to tides

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    TIDEL ENERGY

    Tidal power work like a hydro-electric scheme

    expect that the dam is much bigger.

    1). A huge dam called a barrage is built across a

    river. When the tides goes in & out the water flow

    through tunnels in the dam.

    2). The flow of tides can be used to run a turbine.

    3). Only around 20 sites in the world have beenidentified as possible tidal power stations.

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    Energy Form Moon

    Tides are generated by the combination of moon &

    sun gravitational force.

    Greater affect in spring when moon and suncombine forces

    Bays and inlets amplify the height of tide.

    In order to be practically for energy production the

    height difference needs to be at least 5 meters.

    Overall potential of 3000 gaga watts from movement

    of tides.

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    Energy Form Moon

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    How its Works

    1) First generation barrage-style tidalplants.

    2) Works by building barrage to containwater after high tide then water has topass through a turbine to return to lowtide.

    3) Sites in France, Canada & Russia

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    Methods Of Generating Tidal Energy

    Tidal power can be generated by three

    methods

    1)T

    idal stream generator2) Tidal Barrage

    3) Dynamic tidal power

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    Tidal Barrage

    Tidal barrage is a dam like structure used

    to capture the energy from masses of

    water moving in and out of a bay or river

    due to tidal forces. Instead of damaging water on one side

    like a conventional dam a tidal barrage

    first allow water to flow into bay or riverduring high tide and releasing water back

    during low tide.

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    How Tidal Power Works

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    How Tidal Power works

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    ADVANTAGES

    No Pollution

    Renewable energy

    More efficient that wind because of the density of

    water

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    DISADVANTAGES

    Presently costly

    Expensive to build and maintain

    Technology is not fully developed

    To produce 1085 MW, 1.2 million dollars to

    construct and run connection to the grid.

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    Alternative

    sources of

    Energy

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    Alternative sources of energy

    Fossil fuels:

    Anaerobic decomposition of organisms

    Solar Power

    Light coming from sun converts into energy.

    Nuclear Power Energy from nuclear reaction. Such as Fission reaction.

    Hydroelectricity

    Energy obtained from water.

    Biomass

    Energy from waste. Wave & Tidal Energy

    Moving water mass from tides.

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    Advantages

    andDisadvantages

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    Advantages

    A much greater extent of power is concentratedin the motion of waves than in the movement

    of air. Whereas the power density at a good

    wind energy site may be of the order of a few

    square meter, the power density in a

    corresponding area of wave motion may be up

    to 100 times greater.

    It produces no greenhouse gases or otherwaste.

    It needs no fuel.

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    Advantages..

    Wave energy has this advantage over wind orsolar energy that the energy has been

    naturally concentrated by accumulation over-

    time and space and transported from thepoint at which it was originally present in the

    winds.

    It produces electricity reliably.

    It is free and renewable energy source.

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    Advantages..

    These devices are relatively pollution free, and

    because they remove energy from the waves,

    the water is left.

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    Disadvantages

    The major disadvantage of wave energy, ascompared to wind, is that the energy is

    available in the ocean. Therefore the

    extraction equipment must operate in amarine environment which will have to be

    taken into account during its construction and

    its maintenance ,lifetime and reliability should

    be considered since the energy may have to

    be transported through a great distance to the

    shore.

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    Disadvantages

    There is relative scarcity of accessible sites of

    large wave activity.

    Wave energy conversion devices that have

    been proposed are relatively complicated .

    Economic factors such as the capital

    investment, costs of maintenance, repair and

    replacement as well as problems of biologicalgrowth of marine organisms which seem to be

    very large, are all relatively unknown.

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    Disadvantages

    Wave energy converters must be capable of

    withstanding very severe peak stresses in

    storm.

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    Summarization

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    Energy

    Wave Energy

    Tidal Energy

    Renewable and non-renewable sourcesPreference of renewable

    Tidal stream generator

    Tidal BarrageSalter Duck

    PELAMIS

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    Advantages

    1. Environmental friendly

    2. Better than wind due to high density of water

    3. Best for onshore areas

    Disadvantages

    1. Location problem

    2. Less efficient

    3. Expansive to build and maintain

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    Tidal and wave plants in the WORLD

    These plants are working in:

    France

    Canada

    England

    South Africa

    Tidal and wave power plant in PAKISTAN1. Guddu Barrage

    2. Work in progress in GHARO,KETI BANDAR and BIN QASIM

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    CONCLUSION

    Tidal Energy can be focused as an alternate

    source of Energy in Pakistan

    Tidal Power alone cannot fulfills completedemand however can be helpful to overcome

    the problem of shortage.

    Development of tidal Energy plants at Pakistan

    Coast could uplift socio-economic conditions

    of costal population of Pakistan

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    CONCLUSION

    170Km available stream system ofIndus Delta

    Flow of water with high velocity during flood

    in stream system

    National Institute of Oceanography says seawater rises up to 80 meters at some places

    due to tidal fluctuations

    2-5 meters tidal heights at Korangi stream and

    over 5 meters at Sir Creek can produce

    1100KW Power.

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    Any Question?

    THANKS A LOT