UNDANG-UNDANG

BERKAITAN KES KEKERASAN

DEFINISI

Kesalahan Jenayah

Kesalahan Sivil

UNDANG-UNDANG

JENAYAH VS SIVIL

Kriteria Jenayah Sivil

Tindakan

diambil oleh

Timbalan Pendakwa

Raya (TPR)

Plaintif(mangsa)

atau diwakili oleh

peguam

pensendirian yang

dilantik oleh plaintif.

Undang-

undang

Kanun Keseksaan [Akta

574]

Undang-undang

Sivil 1956 [Akta 67]

Implikasi Hukuman dalam

bentuk penjara atau

denda atau kedua-

duanya sekali kepada

pelaku.

Sebatan (kesalahan

tertentu)

Tuntutan dalam

bentuk pampasan/

Ganti rugi

UNDANG-UNDANG YANG BERKAITAN

DENGAN KEKERASAN

1. Undang-undang berkaitan kes jenayah

Kanun Keseksaan [Akta 574]

Seksyen189,298,298(A)

323,324,333,336,337,338,353,354,509

2. Undang-undang berkaitan kes sivil

Undang-undang Sivil 1956 [Akta 67]

Defamation Act 1957 [Akta 286]

UNDANG-UNDANG LAIN

1. Akta Komunikasi & Multimedia 1998

Seksyen 211, 233

2. Akta Keselamatan & Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994

3. Akta Perlindungan Saksi 2009

4. Public Authorities Protection Act 1948

Laporan Polis

Siasatan dijalankan.

Contoh proses terlibat ialah rakaman percakapan

mangsa – tarikh, masa, lokasi, bagaimana, pihak-

pihak terlibat, saksi, pengumpulan bukti

Polis merujuk kertas siasatan kepada TPR

untuk arahan pertuduhan.

Keterangan

(bukti)

mencukupi

Proses perbicaraan di

mahkamah

Tiada

pertuduhan

Keterangan

(bukti) tidak

mencukupi

KESALAHAN

JENAYAH

+/- Laporan Polis

Tindakan dimulakan oleh plaintif(mangsa) itu sendiri

atau diwakili oleh peguam yang dilantik sendiri

Perbicaraan di mahkamah

TUNTUTAN SIVIL

Government Proceeding Act (Act 359) – seksyen 5 & 6. Untukkes-kes tuntutan sivil yang melibatkan penjawat awam tidakakan diwakili oleh peguam kerajaan.

Limitation of representation in

civil proceedings

Federal Counsel shall not have a dutyin any civil proceeding to representand defend any officer in his personalcapacity; for e.g an officer may wishto sue for defamation, he has toappoint lawyer to represent him incourt

Any compensation if awarded by thecourt shall be retained by the officer

Contoh-contoh

Kesalahan Jenayah

Threat of injury to a public servant

s.189. Whoever holds out any threat of injuryto any public servant, or to any person inwhom he believes that public servant to beinterested, for the purpose of inducing thatpublic servant to do any act, or to forbear ordelay to do any act, connected with theexercise of the public functions of such publicservant, shall be punished with imprisonmentfor a term which may extend to two years orwith fine or with both

Punishment for voluntarily

causing hurt

s.323. Whoever, except in the case provided

for by section 334, voluntarily causes hurt, shall

be punished with imprisonment for a term

which may extend to one year or with fine

which may extend to two thousand ringgit or

with both.

Assault

s.351. Whoever makes any gesture or anypreparation, intending or knowing it to be likelythat such gesture or preparation will cause anyperson present to apprehend that he who makesthat gesture or preparation is about to usecriminal force to that person, is said to commit anassault.

Explanation—Mere words do not amount to anassault. But the words which a person uses maygive to his gestures or preparation such ameaning as may make those gestures orpreparations amount to an assault.

Using criminal force to deter a public

servant from discharge of his duty

s353. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to

any person being a public servant in the

execution of his duty as such public servant, or

with intent to prevent or deter that person from

discharging his duty as such public servant, or in

consequence of anything done or attempted to

be done by such person in the lawful discharge of

his duty as such public servant, shall be punished

with imprisonment for a term which may extend to

two years or with fine or with both.

Assault or use of criminal force to a

person with intent to outrage modesty

s354. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to

any person, intending to outrage or knowing it to

be likely that he will thereby outrage the modesty

of that person, shall be punished with

imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten

years or with fine or with whipping or with any two

of such punishments.

Defamation

s.499. Whoever, by words either spoken or

intended to be read or by signs, or by visible

representations, makes or publishes any

imputation concerning any person, intending to

harm, or knowing or having reason to believe that

such imputation will harm the reputation and shall

also be liable to fine of such person, is said,

except in the cases hereinafter excepted, to

defame that person.

Tuntutan Sivil

1. Assault and battery

Assault - Any intentional act that is meant

to cause reasonable apprehension of

imminent and harmful contact.

Battery – intentional and harmful or

offensive contact with another person

(victim)

2. Defamation – a statement made that

damages or injured the reputation of

another person in the eyes of the public.

Elements to be proved:

There must be a statement that is

defamatory

The statement must refer to/identify the

claimant (person being defamed)

The statement must be published to a 3rd

party other than person being defamed

CONTOH KES

Laporan kes menghalang

penjawat awam

PERANAN PENASIHAT

UNDANG-UNDANG

DALAM MELINDUNGI

KAKITANGAN KKM

TANGGUNGJAWAB PUUAttorney General

145(2) It shall be the duty of the Attorney General to advise the

Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the Cabinet or any Minister upon suchlegal matters, and to perform such other duties of a legal

character, as may from time to time be referred or assigned to

him by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the Cabinet, and to

discharge the functions conferred on him by or under thisConstitution or any other written law.

(3) The Attorney General shall have power, exercisable at his

discretion, to institute, conduct or discontinue any proceedings

for an offence, other than proceedings before a Syariah court, a

native court or a court-martial.

Fungsi Penasihat Undang-Undang adalah untukmemberikan nasihat perundangan kepadaKementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM) danjuga Kerajaan bagi memastikan kepentinganKerajaan terjamin. Pejabat PUU dianggotai olehPeguam Kanan Persekutuan dan PeguamPersekutuan yang bertanggungjawab untukmelaksanakan tugas-tugas bagi pihak KKM danjuga Kerajaan.

Oleh itu, PUU tidak boleh mewakili kakitanganKKM dalam prosiding jenayah di mahkamahmahupun prosiding sivil melainkan tindakanjenayah atau sivil itu melibatkan KERAJAANMALAYSIA.

Kakitangan KKM yang berhadapan dengan tindakan

jenayah atau sivil boleh mendapatkan bantuan

guaman di bawah Peraturan 22, Bab D Peraturan-

Peraturan Pegawai Awam (Kelakuan Dan Tatatertib)

1993 (‘Peraturan 22’).

Peraturan 22 memperuntukkan bahawa seseorang

pegawai awam yang berkehendakkan bantuan

guaman untuk mengambil dan mengarah seseorang

peguam bela bagi maksud prosiding undang-undang

berkaitan dengan perkara-perkara berbangkit

daripada tugas awamnya boleh membuat

permohonan kepada Ketua Setiausaha Kementerian.

Prosedur:

1. Membuat permohonan (lampirkan fakta dan dokumen

berkaitan, pendapat Ketua Jabatan yang telah

mempertimbangkan tentang penglibatan Penama.

2.Permohonan dialamatkan dan dikemukakan kepada

Ketua Setiausaha Kementerian.

3. Akuan Berkanun yang menyatakan tentang persetujuan

untuk mematuhi terma syarat dan tiada bayaran

berkenaan dengan bantuan guaman yang telah diluluskan

oleh Kerajaan akan diberikan sekiranya Mahkamah telah

memberikan kos setelah selesai prosiding undang-undang,

melainkan jika kos yang diawardkan oleh Mahkamahadalah tidak mencukupi untuk membayar caj-caj

mengambil dan mengupah peguam bela dan peguam

cara.

PERHATIAN

Kelulusan permohonan bantuan

guaman di bawah Peraturan 22

oleh Ketua Setiausaha

Kementerian adalah tertakluk

kepada nasihat daripada

Peguam Negara. Ia bukanlah

suatu hak mutlak .

Sekian, terima kasih