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1. OBSERVATION (Pemerhatian):

OBSERVATION is : What you can see based on the results of investigation in

the question? Is it a statement @ graph @ table? PEMERHATIAN ialah : Apa yang boleh dilihat berdasarkan keputusan penyiasatan

di dalam soalan? Adakah ianya pernyataan @graf@Jadual?

There are 3 types of anwers for observation, depending on the stimulus given.Terdapat 3 jenis jawapan pemerhatian, bergantung kepada rangsangan diberi.

i) Simple Observation =Pemerhatian Biasaii) Trend Observation = Pemerhatian Bercorak

iii) Comparison Observation = Pemerhatian Perbandingan

1. Simple Observation = Pemerhatian Biasa

Normally the stimulus given involving 1 object / 1 picture / 1 situation. Write

what can be observed (related with what to changed) based on the stimulus. Biasanya rangsangan diberi melibatkan 1 objek / 1 gambar / 1 situasi.Tulis apa yang

diperhatikan (berkait dengan pembolehubah bergerakbalas) berdasarkan rangsangan.

Example:

Observation : The bulb in the electric circuit will light up.Pemerhatian : Mentol dalam litar elektrik akan menyala.

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Observation : Burger X is spoilt and cannot be eaten.

Pemerhatian : Burger X telah rosak dan tidak boleh dimakan.

Observation : The river is polluted by the toxic waste from the factory. Pemerhatian : Sungai itu dicemari sisa toksik daripada kilang.

2. Trend Observation = Pemerhatian bercorak

This observation involve stimulus in form of Graph / Table that has pattern in

the information given. Pemerhatian ini melibatkan stimulus berbentukGraf / Jadual yang mempunyai corak

pada maklumat diberi.

Examples / Contoh:

Length of strings (cm)Panjang tali

10 20 30 40 50

Time taken for 20 swings (s)

Masa diambil untuk 20 ayunan (s)

8 16 24 32 40

Observation : When the length of string increase,

the time taken for 20 swings increase.Pemerhatian : Apabila panjang tali bertambah,

masa diambil untuk 20 ayunan bertambah.

Corak data = Bertambah

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Observation : When the number of bulb decrease,

the brightnesss of bulb increase. Pemerhatian : Apabila bilangan mentol berkurang,

kecerahan mentol bertambah.

Observation : When the number of batteries increase,

the speed of toy car increase. Pemerhatian : Apabila bilangan bateri bertambah,

kelajuan kereta mainan bertambah.

3. Comparison Observation = Pemerhatian Perbandingan

Corak data = Bertambah

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If there are more than 2 diagrams/pictures,you must state the Comparison.Jika ada lebih daripada 2 rajah / gambar, anda mesti menyatakanPerbandingan.

Examples / Contoh:

Cow A Cow B

Observation: Cow A is bigger than cow B.Pemerhatian: Lembu A lebih besar daripada lembu B.

X Y ZPrice: RM 100 Price: RM 20 Price: RM 300

Harga:RM 100 Harga:RM 200 Harga: RM300

Observation:The price of House Z is the most expensive compare to others . Pemerhatian: Harga rumah Z paling mahal berbanding harga rumah yang lain..

*******************

Do not give reason for observations questions. Reason is for INFERENCE only.Jangan berikan sebab bagi soalan pemerhatian.Sebab hanya untuk soalan INFERENS

sahaja.

2. INFERENCE (Inferens@ SEBAB):

INFERENCE is = Reason / Cause / Statement based on Observation

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INFERENS ialah = Alasan/Sebab / Pernyataan dibuat berdasarkan pemerhatian.

Inference can be Controlled Inference or Independent Inference, depends on

the stimulus in the questions. Inferens melibatkan Inferens Terkawal atau Inferens Bebas, bergantung kepada

rangsangan dalam soalan.

How to answer inference Question???Bagaimana menjawab soalan inferens???

OBSERVATION.becauseINFERENCE.

(Pemerhatian)(kerana)(Inferens)

Examples:

Inference: The hen is fat because it gets a lot of food Inferens : Ayam itu gemukkerana ia makan banyak makanan.

Inference: A man is in prison because Inferens : Seorang lelaki dipenjarakan kerana

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0

20

40

60

80

100

1970 1980 1990 2000

Number of tiger

Inference: The baby is crying because Inferens : Bayi itu menangiskerana ..

Inference: The number of tiger decreases because illegal hunting increase.Inferens :Bilangan harimau berkurangkerana pemburuan haram bertambah.

When there is Comparison Observation (CO), the Inference must also be

Comparison Inference (CI). Apabila terdapatPemerhatian Perbandingan, maka Inferens juga perlu nyatakanInferens Perbandingan.

Examples/ Contoh:

Plant A Plant B

Inference: Plant B dies but plant A stay alive because plant B did not

get enough water compare to plant A .Inferens : Pokok B mati tetapi pokok A hidup subur kerana pokok B tidakmendapat air yang cukup berbanding pokok A.

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Time in 100 lap race: Time taken in 100 lap race:Masa perlumbaan 100 pusingan: Masa perlumbaan 100 pusingan:

5 hours / 5 jam 10 hours/ 10 jam

Inference: Time in 100 lap race for car is shorter than motorcycle because

car is faster compare to motorcycle. Inferens : Masa perlumbaan 100 pusingan bagi kereta lebih cepat daripada motosikal

kerana kereta lebih laju berbandingmotosikal .

Weight: 10 kg Weight: 500 g Weight: 2 kgBerat : 10 kg Berat: 500g Berat: 2kg

Inference: The bowling ball is the heaviest compare to others because

Inferens: Bola boling paling berat berbanding bola lain kerana

.

Notes:

*****compare to = berbanding dengan

*****the ........est = paling

*****er than = lebih daripada

3. VARIABLE (Pembolehubah)

VARIABLE IS = Information in the question,can be in the question

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sentence, table, picture. PEMBOLEHUBAH ialah = Maklumatdalam soalan, didapati pada ayat soalan,

jadual, gambarajah.

There are 3 types:Terdapat 3 jenis :

i. MANIPULATED VARIABLE What to Changed? (WTC) PEMBOLEHUBAH DIMANIPULASI Apa yang diubah ? (PM)

Factors changed that affect the result of investigation.Faktor yang diubah, mempengaruhi keputusan penyiasatan.

Key word DIFFERENTKatakunci - BERBEZA

Sometimes, the INFERENCE can be the CH / TC

Adakalanya Inferens boleh dijadikan CH / TC

ii. RESPONDING VARIABLES What to Measured/ Observed? (WTO)PEMBOLEHUBAH BERGERAKBALAS Apa yang diukur / diperhatikan (PB)

Results of investigation / Observation Hasil penyiasatan, keputusan/ Pemerhatian

Key words OBSERVED / MEASURED, RECORDED, SHOWS Katakunci - Diperhatikan / Diukur / Dicatatkan / Menunjukkan

iii. CONSTANT VARIABLE (CV): - What to be kept the same? (KS)

Key word SAME (sama) / SIMILAR(sama) / EQUAL(sama)

/ IDENTICAL(sama) / EACH @ EVERY (setiap)

Tip = find an Object in the question, add the word Type ofTip = cari Objek dalam soalan, tambah perkataan Jenis.

* Use parameter when writing variables, example:Gunakan parameter semasa menulis pembolehubah, contohnya:

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Variables Parameters(pengukuran)

PlantsTumbuhan

Types of (jenis), Height of (ketinggian), Condition

of (keadaan), Presence of (kehadiran)

ObjectsObjek

Size of (saiz), Weight of (berat), Type of (jenis)

Length (panjang),

Force Type of, Quantity of (kuantiti)Water Volume of (isipadu), Presence of (kehadiran),

Quality of(kualiti)

Humans Height of , Weight of, Gender (jantina)

Others Time, Number of days, Amount of (jumlah),

Presence of (Kehadiran)

* If the question Give/state two informations gathered / collected :

Write the WTC and WTO.Jika soalan (Beri/Nyatakan 2 maklumat dikumpul / dicatat) : Tuliskanjawapannya WTC dan WTO.

* Information that is tested (diuji): WTO

* Information that is changed (diubah): WTC

* Information that is controlled (dikawal) :KS

WTC WTO

WTC

W TO

WTO

WTC

Otak di kepala, Cacing di tanah.

HOW TO IDENTIFY VARIABLES IN QUESTION? BAGAIMANA MENGENALPASTI PEMBOLEHUBAH DALAM SOALAN?

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Steps/Langkah-langkah:

1. Read the question sentence carefully, find the variables keywords. Then

underline and label WTC / WTO / KS.Baca ayat soalan dengan teliti, cari katakunci pembolehubah. Kemudiangariskan

dan labelkan WTC / WTO / KS.

2. Next if there is a table / graph, find the variables by looking at the

contents titles of table / graph. Label the WTC / WTO / KS.Seterusnya jika adajadual / graf , cari katakunci pembolehubah dengan melihattajuk kandungan jadual / graf. Labelkan WTC / WTO / KS.

3. For pictures, observe the pictures carefully. Identify the information

given together with pictures. Find the differences between pictures to

help you. As guidance:Bagi gambar , perhatikan gambar dengan teliti. Kenalpasti maklumat diberibersama gambar. Cari perbezaan antara gambar untuk membantu kamu.

Sebagai panduan:

What to observed (WTO) = Result / Outcome of experiment Keputusan / Hasil eksperimen

What to changed (WTC) = Factor/ Causes that influence the result. Faktor / Sebab yang mempengaruhi keputusan

4. AIM / PURPOSE (Tujuan) :

How to answer?Bagaimana menjawab?

To investigate the relationship betweenWTCandWTOUntuk mengkaji hubungan antara PM dan PB

**** What to find out? = Aim / Purpose

5. PATTERN / TREND (Corak / Pola) :

How to answer?

Look carefully at how the data or information change.

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Perhatikan betul-betul bagaimana data atau maklumat berubah.

INCREASE = Bertambah

DECREASE = Berkurang

NO CHANGE = Tidak berubah

6. PREDICTING (Meramal) :

There are 2 types of prediction: Ada 2 jenis ramalan:

a) Predict CONDITIONMeramal KEADAAN

Example = animal will die, animal will extinct, the nail will rust,

plant will wilt dan blue litmus paper turn to red colour.Contoh = haiwan akan mati, haiwan akan pupus, paku akan berkarat,

tumbuhan akan layu dan kertas litmus biru bertukar ke merah.

b) Predict NUMBERSMeramalNOMBOR

Example = 100cm, 50ml, 4 boxes, 1000C.

Usually table or graph are given. Look at the pattern/ trend, calculate the

answer. Write the correct UNIT.Biasanya jadual atau graf diberi. Perhatikan pola / corak, kira jawapan. Tulis UNIT yang

betul.

Predict the water temperature at the time 7th minutes.

Ramalkan suhu air pada masa minit ke 7.

7. HYPOTHESIS / RELATIONSHIP (Hubungan) :

How to answer:

Time (min)Masa (min)

0 2 4 6 8 10

Water temperature 0CSuhu air0C

30 40 50 60 70 80

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* If the WTC increases/ decreases,

the WTO will increases/ decreases. Jika PM bertambah / berkurang,

maka PB bertambah / berkurang.

@

* The more / less WTC,the more / less WTO.

Semakin bertambah/ berkurang PM,Semakin bertambah /berkurang PB.

The relationships questions can also be asked based on statements like this:Soalan Hubungan boleh ditanya berdasarkan pernyataan seperti berikut:

1. CH affect OB

2. CH influenced OB

3. CH causes OB

4. CH give effect to OB

1. .OB affected by CH

2. .OB influenced by CH

3. .OB caused by CH

4. .OB depends on CH

**Remember, when you write your answer, write the WTC first followed by

WTO. Do not make mistake by changing the variables.** Ingat, semasa menulis jawapan anda, tulis PM dahulu diikuti dengan PB.

Jangan lakukan kesilapan tertukar pembolehubah.

The temperature of planet affected by the distance of planet from the Sun. Suhu planet dipengaruhi oleh jarak planet daripada Matahari.

Relationship:

Hubungan:

8 : CONCLUSION :

CONCLUSION IS = What can be understood from the results, whether

WT

C

WT

C

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the hypothesis can be accepted or not?KESIMPULAN ialah = Apa yang boleh difahami daripada keputusan, sama

ada hipotesis boleh diterima atau tidak?

How to answer?

1. Depend on the trend of the data given. If the question have ONE trend,

the answer is same as Relationship (1 answer sentence).Bergantung kepada corak data diberi. Jika soalan mempunyai SATU corak ,

jawapan sama seperti Hubungan ( 1 ayat jawapan).

* If the CH/ TC increases/ decreases,

the OB/TO will increases/ decreases. Jika PM bertambah / berkurang,

maka PB bertambah / berkurang.

Example/ Contoh:Length of strings (cm)

Panjang tali

10 20 30 40 50

Time taken for 20 swings (s)Masa diambil untuk 20 ayunan (s)

8 16 24 32 40

Conclusion: If the length of string increase,

the time taken for 20 swings increase.Kesimpulan: Jika panjang tali bertambah,

maka masa diambil untuk 20 ayunan bertambah.

Conclusion: If the ,

the Kesimpulan: Jika..,

maka .

2. If the question has two or three trends, write the answers in two or

three sentences. For example:

Ketinggian model (cm) Ketinggian model (cm)

Time taken to topple (s)Masa diambil untuk tumbang

(s)

15

20

25

10 3020 40 50

5

10

30

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Conclusion: From 25th to 30th minutes, the water temperature increase.

After 30th minutes, the water temperature remain the same at 100oC.Kesimpulan: Dari minit ke25 hingga minit ke 30, suhu air bertambah.

Selepas minit ke30, suhu air tidak berubah pada 100o.

3. If the question has a minimum or maximum value (in the data), the answer

can be stressed on the value itself. Jika soalan mempunyai nilai minimum atau maksimum (dalam data), jawapan

boleh berbentuk penegasan nilai tersebut.

Conclusion: The percentage of Moons surface is the lowest at 10.30pm. Kesimpulan: Peratus permukaan Bulan paling rendah pada 10.30pm.

4. Comparison conclusion if there are few objects and no trend in the

question.

Water

temperature/

Suhu airoC

Time (min)/Masa (min)

85

95

5

100

20 3025 35 40 45

Percentage of the Moons

surface %Peratus permukaan bulan %

Time

Masa

60

80

5

100

9.30pm

10.30pm

10.00pm

11.00pm

11.30pm

40

20

0

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Kesimpulan perbandingan jika terdapatbeberapa objekdan tiada corak

dalam soalan.

Example / Contoh:

MethodKaedah

Time taken to loosen the soil (hour)Masa diambil untuk menggembur tanah (jam)

P 60Q 120

R 2

Conclusion: The time taken to loosen the soil for method R is the fastest

compared to method P and Q.Kesimpulan: Masa diambil untuk menggembur tanah bagi kaedahR ialahpaling cepat

berbandingkaedah P dan Q.

VehicleKenderaan

Distance travelled (m)Jarak dilalui (m)

Time taken (min)Masa diambil (min)

BicycleBasikal

800 6

MotorcycleMotosikal

800 4

Conclusion: The time taken by motorcycle is faster than bicycle. Kesimpulan: Masa diambil bagi motosikal lebih cepat daripada basikal.

2. Sometimes, the question relates with some Science FACTS, the answer

can be written in a sentence. For example:Adakalanya, soalan berkaitan dengan Fakta Sains,jawapan boleh ditulis dalam

bentuk ayat. Contohnya:

i) Rusting of metal object needs the presence of air and water.Pengaratan objek besi memerlukan kehadiran udara dan air.

ii) Acidic substance changes the colour of blue litmus paper to red.Bahan berasid menukarkan warna kertas litmus biru kepada merah.

iii) Plants need air, water and sunlight to live.Tumbuhan memerlukan udara, air dan cahaya matahari untuk hidup.

iv) The Earth rotates on its axis from west to east.

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Bumi berputar pada paksinya dari barat ke timur.

v)Different types of animals have different type of breathing organs.Jenis haiwan berbeza mempunyai jenis organ pernafasan berbeza.

vi) Different plants have different ways of reproduction.Tumbuhan berbeza mempunyai cara membiak yang berbeza.

*******************GOOD LUCK IN UPSR 2011**********************Forms of Question / Bentuk Soalan

Year Table Graph Picture Table + Picture Sentences

2001 2 0 1 0 1

2002 2 0 2 1 0

2003 2 0 1 2 0

2004 0 2 1 1 0

2005 0 0 2 2 02006 1 0 4 0 0

2007 1 0 3 1 0

2008 2 1 1 1 0

2009 1 1 1 2 0

2010 3 0 0 2 0

2011 ? ? ? ? ?

Types of Question / Jenis Soalan

Year Aim Trend Variabl

e

Rship Predict Obsv Infer Conclu

2001 2 1 4 4 2 1 2 1

2002 2 1 3 4 3 1 2 1

2003 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 1

2004 2 1 3 3 3 0 3 3

2005 1 2 3 3 3 0 3 1

2006 4 2 2 3 2 1 3 1

2007 2 1 6 3 2 1 3 1

2008 2 2 4 3 3 1 2 1

2009 3 1 6 2 3 1 2 1

2010 3 1 6 2 3 1 2 2

2011 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

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NOTE

A) VARIABLES (PEMBOLEHUBAH)

i. Manipulated variable What is changed (CH)?

Key word DIFFERENT(berbeza)

ii. Responding variables What is measured/observed (OB)?

Key words OBSERVED (diperhatikan), MEASURED (diukur),RECORDED(dicatat)

iii. Constant variable : - What is kept the same?

Key word SAME/ SIMILAR / EQUAL = (sama/ serupa)

Tip = find an object in the question,add the word Type of Cari objekdalam soalan, tambah perkataanJenis

OBCH

B) AIM / PURPOSE (TUJUAN) :

To investigate the relationship betweenWTC and.WTO

Untuk mengkaji hubungan antara PM dan PB

C) PATTERN / TREND (Corak) :

INCREASE @DECREASE@ NO CHANGEBertambah @ Berkurang @ Tidak Berubah

D) OBSERVATION (Pemerhatian) and INFERENCE (Sebab):

1. Observation................. because.................Inference PemerhatiankeranaInferens

2. Observation..........because.......Inference.........compare to.Pemerhatian kerana Inferens berbanding dengan

E)HYPOTHESIS/RELATIONSHIP (Hubungan)@CONCLUSION Kesimpulan) :

CH OB CH

OB

If the WTC increases/ decreases,the WTO will increases/ decreases.

Jika PM bertambah/berkurang, maka PB bertambah/berkurang

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TAJUK-TAJUK PENTING YANG KERAP DISOAL DALAM UPSR

Tandakan _ pada kotak di sebelah kiri setelah kamu telah menguasai tajukyang berkenaan.

YEAR 4

LIVING THINGS KNOWLEDGE TO BE ACQUIRED

Basic needs of human,animals and plants.

Basic needs and the effects ifdo not get them.

Animals and Plants Lifeprocesses.

Breathing organs.

Living thing response tostimuli. Growth of plants.(height, number of leaves,

size of stem.

Difference between growth andgermination.Movement of shoot and root of

plant to stimuli.Reproduction of plants. 5 ways of reproduction.

Excretion and defecation. Definition, organs and wasteproducts.

INVESTIGATING LIVINGTHINGS

KNOWLEDGE TO BEACQUIRED

Distance Definition

Area Traditional measurement,Formula

Volume FormulaTime Formula and changes in unit.

Weight Position of eyes when take areading.

Magnet Magnetic and non magneticobject.



Natural and man made

materials

Definition, Difference between

the 2 types of materials.Properties of materials(elasticity, floating on water,light visibility, absorption ofwater.

The uses of materials, function.

INVESTIGATING EARTHAND UNIVERSE


Shape of the Earth, distance Earth is sphere.

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from Sun, Constellation andrelatives size between Sun,Earth and Moon.

Effetcs if Earth is near / far fromthe Sun.

Moon. Condition on the moon, Moonas a natural satellite.

INVESTIGATING

TECHNOLOGIES

KNOWLEDGE TO BE

ACQUIREDTechnology Definition and the uses of

technology.

Invention Who invent what??

YEAR 5



Microorganism #Type of microorganism#Useful and harmful effect of

microorganism

Survival of the species # survival of ANIMALS#Survival of plants#important of survival of the

speciesFood Chain and food web #Food Chain

# food web

INVESTIGATING FORCEAND ENERGY


Energy# Uses of Energy# Tranformation of energy# Renewaable and Non-

renewable energy

Electricity # Sources of electricity#Series circuit and Parallelcircuit

# Safety precaution to be takenwhen handling Electrical

Appliances

Light # light travel in a straight line

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# Reflection of light

Heat # Temperature# Effect of heat on matter

INVESTIGATINGMATERIALS


State of matter # Solid, liquid and Gas

# Change a matter from onestate to another

# Water cycle# Important of water resources

Acid and alkali # Properties of acidic, alkalineand neutral Subtances.

INVESTIGATING THEEARTH AND THEUNIVERSE


Constellation # Types of constellation# Time of constellation

The earth, The moon and thesun

# Movement of earth, moon andsun

# Occurrence of day and night# Phases of Moon

INVESTIGATING THETECHNOLOGY

Strength and stability # shapes of object in structure# Strength and stability of

structure

YEAR 6


PENGETAHUAN YANGPERLU ANDA KUASAI

Interaction Among livingThings

# Solitary animals and groupanimals

# Competition

# Protection of endangeredSpecies# Impact of human activities on

the environment

INVESTIGATING FORCE

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AND ENERGY

Force# Push and pull# Effect of force# Friction

Movement # Concept of speed.Speed calculation

INVESTIGATINGMATERIALS


Food Preservation # Food Spoilage# Food Preservation# The important of preservation

Food

Waste Management# Effect of improper Disposal of

waste on environment# Some waste can decay

INVESTIGATING THEEARTH AND THEUNIVERSE


Eclipses # Eclipse of the moon# Eclipse of the sun

INVESTIGATINGTECHNOLOGY


Machines # Simple Machines# Complex machine# Appreciating the invention of

machine

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INTRODUCTION

FORMAT

Science Paper had been introduced in UPSR since 2007. From the year

1997 to 2002 the questions are asked in Malay Language. Then in year 2002 to

2007, the questions in bilingual form whereas the English and Malay Language

came in opposite pages. Starting from 2008 to last year 2010, the questions use

the English Language then followed by the Malay Language in one after another

concept.

Science paper has 2 sections, Section A and Section B. The questions in

Section A are in objective form, the Section B questions are in subjective form.

There are 30 objective questions carrying 30 marks and 4 or 5 subjective

questions carrying 20 marks. Total marks 50 will be converted into percentage

100%. Time allocation for Science paper is 1 hour 15 minutes. Candidates are

advised to spend 45 minutes on Section A and 30 minutes for Section B.

Section Question

form

Questions

Number

Things tested Suggested

time

Percentage

A Objective 30 Science Facts 45 min 60%

B Subjective 4/5 Science Process

Skill

30 min 40%

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1 hour

15min

100%

tips xm sn

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