tips physics spm success modul teknik menjawab kertas 2 dan 3
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eTRANSCRIPT
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1 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
2011
Mohd Ahir Bin SamsuriMazlena Bt MurshedGuru Cemerlang FizikSM Sains Kota Tinggi18 JUL 2011(019-7356656)http://fizsakti.blogspot.com
MODUL TEMBAK 32@Version 4
Modul ini mengandungi 2 bahagian iaitu kertas 2 dan
kertas 3. Diharapkan selepas menggunakan modul ini dengan bimbingan guru, pelajar-pelajar
akan dapat mengusai teknik menjawab soalan SPM FIZIK
(4531).Berusaha la dengan gigih bagi
memastikan A+ Dalam Genggaman.
Pecahkanlah Kepompong Jadilah Kepupu,
Pecahkanlah Ruyung Nikmatilah Sagu
NAME:................................................................ CLASS:.........................
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OBJEKTIF MODUL INI
Understand construct(Memahami konstruk))
To know the questions with their construct (Mengenali soalan dengan konstruknya)
To explore sample question based on the construct(Meneroka contoh soalan berdasarkan konstruknya).
Understand the method of answering the question. (Memahami kaedah menjawab)
Error done by the candidates (Kesilapan calon)
What is construct? (Apakah Konstruk?)Anything that is tested or assess. ( Perkara-perkara yang ditaksir atau diuji)
Type Of Construct
BIL CONSTRUCT SCOPE CONSTRUCT
1 Knowledge(Pengetahuan) Facts, Concept, Principle, Theory, Law
2 Understanding (Pemahaman) Translation, Interpretation, ExtrapolationConcept & Principle
3 Application Of knowledge(Aplikasi Pengetahuan) Qualitative & Quantitative
4 Problem Solving(Penyelesaian Masalah) By using qualitative and quantitativeScientific Investigation (Penyiasatan Saintifik)
5 Conceptualized(Mengkonsepsi) Based on common characteristics (Ciri Sepunya)Relation of variables (Hubungan Pemboleh ubah)
6 Decision Making)(Membuat keputusan) Based on specific criteria(Berdasarkan kriteria tertentu)
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Physics Examination Format
ITEM KERTAS 1 KERTAS 2 KERTAS 3
Type of Instrumen Objectives SUBJECTIVE Written experiment
Type of item Multiple choiceSECTION A STRUCTURE SECTION B ESSAYSECTION C ESSAY
SUBJECTIVE & ESSAY
No.Of Option3 Options (6 Items)4 Options (36 Items)5 Options (8 Items)
No.of question 50 Question
SECTION A 8 QUESTIONSECTION B 2 QUESTION (CHOOSE 1 ONLY)SECTION C 2 QUESTION (CHOOSE 1 ONLY)
SECTION A: 2 Q (Compulsory)SECTION B: 2 Q (Choose 1)
Total Marks 50 Marks 100 MARKS 40 MARKSTime Of Examination 1 Hour 15 Minutes 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES 1 HR 30 MINUTES
Construct
Knowledge 28%Understanding 40 %Application 32%
KNOWLEDGE 11%UNDERSTANDING 16 %APPLICATION 18%PROBLEM SOLVING 22%CONCEPTUALIZE 16%DECISION MAKING 17%
PROBLEM SOLVING (EXPERIMENTING)
Marking Dicotomus 1 or 0 ANALITIC (Point) ANALITIC & HOLISTICContext area (Cakupan konteks) ALL TOPICS ARE TESTED
LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY
LOW 60% (30 Q)MEDIUM 24% (12 Q)HIGH 16% (8 Q)
LOW 38%MEDIUM 35%HIGH 27%
LOW 50%MEDIUM 30%HIGH 20%
Q 1 : Knowledge, understanding & application (4m)Q 2 : Knowledge, understanding & application(5m)Q 3 : Knowledge, understanding & application (6m)Q 4 : Knowledge, understanding & application (7m)Q 5 : KUA and Conceptualize (8m)Q 6 : KUA and Conceptualize (8m)Q 7 : KUA and Problem Solving (10m)Q 8 : KUA and Decision Making (12m)
Q1 (16 m)Q2 (12 m)Q3 (12 m)
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TARGET 2011
BIL TOPIC (TINGKATAN 4) RATING CATATAN
1 1.2 Measurement XX MSG/VC
2 2.1 Linear Motion X
3 2.2 Inertia X
4 2.3 Momentum X
5 2.4 The Effect of a Force XX
6 2.5 Impuls/Impulsive Force X
7 2.6 Gravity X
8 3.1 Pressure X
9 3.3 Gas and Atmospheric Pressure XXX
10 3.6 Bernoulli Principle XX
11 4.3 Specific Latent Heat X
12 4.4 The Gas Laws XXX
13 5.3 Total Internal Reflection X
14 5.4 Lenses XX
BIL TOPIC (TINGKATAN 5) RATING CATATAN
15 1.2 Refraction of waves X
16 1.3 Difraction of waves X
17 1.7 Electromagnetic waves XX
18 2.4 EMF and Internal Resistance X
19 2.5 Electrical energy and power X
20 3.3 Electromagnetic induction XXX
21 3.4 DC and AC X
22 3.5 Transformers XX
23 4.1 Cathode ray oscilloscope X
24 4.3 Transistors XXX
25 5.2 Radioisotopes X
26 5.4 Nuclear energy XX
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KERTAS DUA-SOALAN ESEI
A. SOALAN BAHAGIAN B .
Konstruk yang diuji dalam bahagian B adalah seperti di bawah:
KNOWLEDGE1. Menyatakan definasi dengan ayat penuh dan beserta syaratnya sekali2. Menulis formula dengan simbol dan menyatakan maksud setiap simbol.
Contoh Soalani) What is meant by spring constant? [1 mark]
Contoh Jawapan:Force perunit of extension of the spring OR k = F/x, where k=spring constant, F = force, x = extension of the spring
LATIHAN [KNOWLEDGE]
1. What is meant by elasticity?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kekenyalan? [1 mark]
2. What is meant by electromagnet? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektromagnet? [1 mark]
3. What is meant by refraction?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pembiasan? [1 mark]
4. What is meant by thermal equilibrium?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan keseimbangan terma? [1 mark]
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QUESTION NO. ELEMENT/CONSTRUCT MARKS
9
10
KNOWLEDGE ( pengetahuan)CONCEPTUALISE (mengkonsepsi) UNDERSTANDING (kefahaman)PROBLEM SOLVING (penyelesaian masalah qualitative)
15410
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5. State one factor that affect the pressure in liquid. Nyatakan satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan dalam cecair. [1 mark]
CONCEPTUALISE (MENKONSEPSI) 1. Membuat & menyatakan pemerhatian Kemahiran Memerhati & Berfikir secara Kritis.2. Membuat perbandingan iaitu menyatakan persamaan atau perbezaan3. Menyatakan hubungan daripada persamaan/perbezaan atau menyatakan prinsip/
hukum Fizik yang terlibat.4. Markahnya 5, justeru perlu beri isi sekurang-kurangnya 5 isi.5. Jawapan ditulis dalam bentuk point form
Contoh Soalan
(a) Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show two springs M and N. Both springs are of the same material and same wire thickness but have different spring constant. Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the mass loaded by the spring, the diameter of the spring and the extension of the spring.Relate the diameter of the spring and the extension of the spring with the spring constant.
[5 marks]
Contoh Jawapan:- mass in diagram 9.1 is equal to the mass in diagram 9.2- diameter of the spring in diagram 9.1 is smaller compare to the diagram 9.2- extension of the spring in diagram 9.1 is shorter compare to the diagram 9.2- the bigger the diameter of the spring the lower the value of spring constant- the higher the value of spring constant the shorter the extension of the spring
LATIHAN [CONCEPTUALISE]
1.
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DIAGRAM 9.1 DIAGRAM 9.2
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Diagram 10.1 Diagram 10.2
(i) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 compare the current flow, the amount of iron filing and the magnetic field strength of the two electrodes. Relate the current flow and amount
of iron filing attracted by the electromagnet and the magnetic field strength.Menggunakan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2 bandingkan pengaliran arus, kuantiti serbuk besi dan kekuatan medan magnet kedua-dua elektrod. Hubungkait pengaliran arus dengan kuantiti serbuk besi yang tertarik kepada elektromagnet dan kekuatan medan magnet.
[ 5 marks ]
2.
Diagram 9.1 Diagram 9.2
Based on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the refractive index, the refracted angle and the density between medium A and medium B.Relate the refractive index with the refracted angle and the refractive index with the ratio of sin of incident angle, i to the sin of the refracted angle, r to deduce a physics law that is involved. Berdasarkan Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2, bandingkan indeks biasan, sudut biasan dan ketumpatan medium A dan medium B.Hubungkaitkan indeks biasan dengan sudut biasan dan indeks biasan dengan nisbah sinus sudut tuju,i kepada sinus sudut biasan,r bagi menghasilkan hukum fizik yang terlibat.
[5 marks]
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n = 1.2 n = 1.8
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3.
(b) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 , compare the connection of diode to the dry cell, the lighting of bulbs and the reading of ammeter. Relate the lighting of bulbs with the connection of diode to the dry cell to make a deduction regarding the relation between the current flowing in the circuits and the connection of diode to the dry cell..Menggunakan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2, bandingkan sambungan diod kepada sel kering, nyalaan mentol dan bacaan ammeter. Hubungkaitkan nyalaan mentol dengan sambungan diod kepada sel kering untuk membuat satu kesimpulan tentang hubungan antara arus yang mengalir di dalam litar -litar itu dengan sambungan diod kepada sel kering.
[5 marks]
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UNDERSTANDING (concept explanation)1. Kenalpasti konsep2. Terangkan perkara sebelum sesuatu konsep berlaku3. Terangkan konsep dan kaitannya4. Terangkan perkara selepas konsep5. Markahnya 4, justeru perlu beri sekurang-kurangnya 4 isi.
[kalau boleh beri 6 isi] 6. Jawapan ditulis dalam bentuk point form
Contoh Soalan
The springs in Diagram 9.1 and 9.2 (page 6) will return to its original length when the load is removed. Explain how the forces between molecules cause the elasticity.
[ 4 marks] Contoh Jawapan:
- the forces between molecule are attractive and repulsive force- when the spring is stretched attractive force between molecule acts- when the spring is compress the repulsive force between molecule acts- when the forces is released, the spring return to its original position due to the force
LATIHAN [UNDERSTANDING]
1. Explain why a softball player moves his hand backwards while catching a fast moving ball. Terangkan kenapa pemain softball mengerakkan tangan kebelakang sewaktu menangkap bola softball yang bergerak laju. [ 4 marks ]
2. Explain how the generator works to produce alternating current.Terangkan bagaimana penjana berfungsi untuk menghasilkan arus ulang alik. [ 4 marks ]
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3. Explain why the roof of a house being lifted by strong winds. Terangkan mengapa bumbung sebuah rumah terangkat oleh angin yang kencang(ribut). [ 4 marks ]
PROBLEM SOLVING (Qualitative)-Modification1. Mengenalpasti Masalah 2. Menganalisis Masalah Kemahiran M/analisis 3. Mencari kaedah penyelesaian masalah 4. Mencadangkan kaedah Penyelesaian 5. Menulis jawapan dalam bentuk jadual 6. Kalau 10 markah, perlu nyatakan 5 aspek dan penerangannya. Penerangan atau alasan yang
dibuat mestilah berkaitan dengan konsep fizik.[boleh bagi lebih dari 5 aspek. Bagi setiap aspek boleh bagi lebih dari satu alasan. JANGAN BERBEZA FAKTA]
7. Jika soalan memerlukan lukisan, pastikan lukisan dilabelkan atau ditulis apa perkara yang berlaku.
Contoh Soalan
DIAGRAM 9.3
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a spring of the suspension system in an ordinary motorcycle. (i) State two functions of the spring in the suspension system ?
[2 marks]
(ii) Using the suitable physics concepts, you are required to give some suggestions on designing a racing motorcycle of 500cc. Explain your suggestions based on the following aspects ;
- density of motorcycle parts - engine power
- spring in suspension system - size of tyre
[ 8 marks]
Contoh Jawapan
(i) to absob the shock
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spring in suspension system
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to make the rider feel more comfotable to reduce vibration
(ii)
LATIHAN [ PROBLEM SOLVING (Qualitative)]
1.
You are required to give some suggestions to design a hang glider for recreation. Using an appropriatephysics concept on motion, forces and the properties of materials, explain your suggestions based on the following aspects :
Anda dikehendaki member cadangan untuk mereka bentuk glider untuk tujuan rekreasi. Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, cadang dan terangkan pengubahsuaian atau cara yang boleh dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keberkesanannya berdasarkan kepada aspek-aspek berikut :
Size of the sail.Saiz layer digunakan.
Supporting cable.Kabel penyokong.
Material use for the sail.Bahan yang digunakan untuk layer.
Assembly and transportation.Pemasangan dan pengangkutan.
Materials use for structure like masterframe and safely bar.Bahan untuk struktur seperti rangka utama den 'safety bar, [10 marks]
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Aspect Explanation
Low density of motorcycle part Lighter
High engine power -To produce high ecceleration-High resultant force
High spring constant -The spring more stiffer-Less vibration
Wide tyre -increase stability- reduce pressure
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2.A car needs an efficient hydraulic brake system for safety purposes. Suggest and explain how to build a hydraulic brake system which can function effectively, based on the following aspect:
Sebuah kereta memerlukan sistem brek hidrolik yang cekap bagi memastikan keselamatan di tahap yang tinggi. Cadangkan dan jelaskan bagaimana untuk membina sistem hidrolik yang dapat berfungsi dengan cekap berdasarkan aspect berikut:
-The type and characteristic of the brake fluid
Jenis dan sifat bendalir brek
-The size of the master piston and slave piston
Saiz omboh utama dan saiz omboh kedua
-The material used for the fluid transmision pipe
Bahan yang digunakan untuk paip penghantaran cecair (10 marks)
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3.An earth-monitoring satellite falls into the earths atmosphere at a high velocity and reaches a high temperature. This is caused by the earths gravitational force and air resistance.
Using the appropriate physics concepts, suggest and explain suitable designs or ways to protect the satellite and its equipment:
Satelit pengawasan bumi telah jatuh ke dalam atmosfera bumi dengan halaju yang tinggi dan mencapai suhu yang sangat tinggi. Perkara ini adalah disebabkan oleh tarikan daya graviti dan rintangan angin.
Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, cadang dan terangkan pengubahsuaian atau care yang boleh dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keberkesanannya berdasarkan kepada aspek-aspek berikut :
(i) from extreme heat ;
daripada haba yang tinggi
(ii) from breaking up on landing
daripada pecah sewaktu mendarat [ 10 marks]
B. SOALAN BAHAGIAN C. Konstruk yang diuji dalam bahagian C adalah seperti di bawah:
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QUESTION NO. ELEMENT MARKS
1112
KNOWLEDGEUNDERSTANDINGAPPLICATIONDECISION MAKING
14510
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KNOWLEDGESama seperti dalam Section B
UNDERSTANDINGSama seperti dalam Section B
APPLICATION (quantitaive)
- Menulis maklumat dlm btk simbol + unit S.I/gariskan- Memilih dan menulis rumus - Membuat gantian dlm. rumus - Jawapan akhir + unit betul
Contoh SoalanSebuah kuali elektrik mempunyai spesifikasi 240 V, 1000 W. Hitungkan masa yang digunakan oleh kuali itu untuk memanaskan 1000 cm3 minyak masak dari suhu 30 oC sehingga minyak itu mencapai suhu 120 oC. Anggapkan semua tenaga elektrik digunakan untuk menaikkan suhu minyak sahaja dan tiada haba hilang ke persekitaran. [Muatan haba tentu minyak ialah 2000 J kg1 oC1, ketumpatan minyak masak ialah 800 kg m-3]
[5 markah]Contoh Jawapan
1 Menukar unit bagi V dengan betul 1000 x 10-6 m3
2 Menghitung jisim, m, dengan betul m = x V
= 800 x 1000 x10-6= 8 x 10-1 kg
3 Menyatakan hubungan haba yang dibekalkan oleh pemanas dengan haba yang diterima oleh minyak
Haba dibekal oleh pemanas = Haba diterima oleh minyak / pt = mc
4 Gantian dalam rumus yang betul 1000(t) = (8 x10-1)x 2000 x 90
5 Jawapan dengan unit yang betul t = 144 s
LATIHAN [ APPLICATION (quantitaive)]
1. Diagram 12.3 shows a manometer with arms of different cross section. Liquid Y of density 1200 kg m-3 is poured intothe manometer. The level of liquid Y is found to be the same at both arms of the manometer.
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Rajah 12.3 menunjukkan sebuah manometer dengan lengan yang berbeza keratan rentasnya. Cecair Y dengan ketumpatan 1 200 kgm-3 diisi ke dalam manometer. Paras cecair Y didapati sama pada kedua-dua lengan manometer.
i. Explain why the level of liquid Y in both arms of the manometer are equal. Terangkan mengapa paras cecair Y pada kedua-dua lengan manometer adalah sama. [2 marks]
ii. Diagram 12.4 shows the condition of liquids when another immiscible liquid, X, is poured into the right arm of the manometer. Calculate the density of liquid X.Rajah 12.4 menunjukkan keadaan cecair apabila sejenis cecair yang tak bercampur, X, dituang ke dalam lengan kanan manometer tersebut. Hitung ketumpatan cecair X. [3 marks]
2. Diagram belows a circuit containing a transformer ammeter and two bulbs. The reading of the ammeter is 0.5 A and the two bulb lights up with normal brightness.Gambarajah di bawah menunjukkan litar yang mengandungi transformer, ammeter dan 2 mentol. Bacaan ammeter adalah 0.5 A dan dua mentol tersebut menyala dengan kecerahan yang normal.
(i) What is the output voltage of the transformer?Apakah voltage aoutput transformer?
(ii) Calculate the efficiency of the transformer. Kira kecekapan transformer tersebut? [5m]
DECISION MAKING
1. Mengenalpasti ciri-ciri yang diberikan.2. Menerangkan sifat setiap ciri yang dipilih dan sebab dipilih.3. Menentukan bahan yang paling sesuai berdasarkan ciri yang dinyatakan menggunakan
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DIAGRAM 12.3 DIAGRAM 12.4
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kaedah ranking ..4. Memberi sebab mengapa bahan itu dipilih.5. Menulis jawapan dalam bentuk jadual.
Contoh SoalanDiagram 11.2 shows an ice cream container used by an ice cream seller using his motorcycle.
Diagram 11.2
Table 11.3 shows the specification of four types of ice cream containers P, Q, R and S, that can be used by an ice cream seller to carry ice cream.
BoxKotak P Q R S
Specific heat capacity of ice cream box High High Low Low
Size of ice cream box Large Small Small LargeMaterial of outer box Copper PVC plastic PVC plastic AluminiumColour of outer box Dark Bright Bright Dark
Table 11.3You are required to determine the most suitable ice cream container to carry ice cream. Study the specification of the four types of ice cream container based on the following aspects:
- Specific heat capacity of ice cream box- Size of ice cream box- Material of outer box - Colour of outer box
Explain the suitability of the aspects
Contoh Jawapan
Aspect ReasonLow specific heat capacity of ice cream box
Easy get cold // becomes cool quickly
Smaller size of ice cream box Easier to carry // easy too become coolPlastic PVC Poor conductor of heatBright colour of outer box Does not absorb heat from surrounding quicklyR is chosen because Low specific heat capacity of ice cream box,
Smaller size of ice cream box, Plastic PVC, Bright colour of outer box
LATIHAN [ DECISION MAKING]
1.Table 12 shows the specifications of four water storage tanks, P, Q, R and S, that can be used to store water in a housing estate.Jadual 12 menunjukkan speksifikasi empat tangki penyimpan air, P, Q, R dan S, yang digunakan untuk menyimpan air untuk sebuah rumah dalam suatu kawasan perumahan.
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Water storage tankTangki penyimpan air P Q R S
Material usedBahan yang digunakan
metallogam
concretekonkrit
concretekonkrit
metallogam
Density Ketumpatan
lowrendah
hightinggi
lowrendah
lowrendah
ShapeBentuk
Height from the ground
Tinggi daripada bumi
lowrendah
hightinggi
hightinggi
lowrendah
TABLE 12You are required to determine the most suitable water storage tank. Study the specifications of all the four water storage tanks based on the following aspects :Anda diminta untuk mengenal pasti tangki penyimpan air yang paling sesuai. Kaji spesifikasi keempat-empat tangki penyimpan air itu berdasarkan aspek :
- The material used. Bahan yang digunakan- The density of the tank. Ketumpatan tangki- The shape of the tank. Bentuk tangki- The height of the tank from the ground. Ketinggian tangki daripada bumi
Explain the suitability of the aspects.Terangkan kesesuaian aspek-aspek tersebut.
[10 marks]
2.As a researcher you are assign to investigate the properties of the metal in the table to be used as the material to make a quality frying pan. Sebagai seorang penyelidik anda ditugaskan untuk menyelidik sifat bahan yang digunakan untuk membinakuali yang berkualiti.
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Metal/Bahan
Specific heat capacity /muatan
haba tentuJ kg1 oC1
Melting point /takat lebur
oC
Density/ketumpatankg m-3
Rate ofRusting/ kadar
pengaratan
P 450 1540 7873 High
R 880 660 2698 High
S 510 1620 7800 Do not Rust
T 398 961 10500 Medium
U 377 978 8400 Do not rust
For every metal properties in the table above, explain the suitability of the properties tobe used as a material tomake a frying pan. Hence determine the most suitable metal to make the frying pan. Give the justification for your choice.Bagi setiap sifat bahan di atas jelaskan kesesuaian bahan yang akan digunakan untuk membina kuali. Seterusnya memilih bahan yang paling sesuai. Berikan justifikasi di atas pilihan tersebut.
[10 marks]
3. You are asked to investigate the features of cooling material and the design of a car engine radiator as in Diagram 11.2Anda dikhendaki menyiasat cirri-ciri bahan dan rekabentuk radiator enjin kereta yang akan digunakan.
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Explain the suitability of each features in Diagram 11.2 and then determine the most suitable car engine radiator to be used.Give a reason for your choice. Jelaskan kesesuaian cirri-ciri yang dipilih dan kemudian memilih radiator kereta yang paling sesuai. Berikan alasan di atas setiap pilihan anda tersebut. [10 marks]
SOALAN STRUKTUR.
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5/6 - MENGKONSEPSI7 - MODIFICATION8 - MAKING DECISION
CARA MENJAWAB SAMA SEPERTI SOALAN ESEI - CUMA LEBIH PENDEK DAN MUDAH
Contoh Soalan Menkonsepsi - Terengganu 2010
Diagram 5.1 shows a water jet spurts out from a hole in a tall vessel at a distance , d1.Diagram 5.2 shows an oil jet spurts out from a hole at the same depth in a tall vessel at a distance , d2.Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan suatu pancutan air keluar dari satu lubang pada satu bekas tinggi sejauh di.Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan suatu pancutan minyak keluar dari satu lubang pada satu bekas tinggi pada kedalaman yang sama sejauh d2.
(a) What is the meaning of density? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan ketumpatan?
............................................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark](b) Observe Diagram 5.1 and Digaram 5.2. Perhatikan Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2.
Compare: Bandingkan:(i) Density of water and oil. Ketumpatan air dan minyak.
............................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark](ii)The distance d1 and d2. Jarak d1, dan d2.
............................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark](iii) The pressure produced by the water jet and the oil jet.
Tekanan yang dihasilkan oleh pancutan air dan pancutan minyak itu.
............................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark](c) Based on your answer in (b), state the relationship between the density and the pressure of liquid.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (b), nyatakan hubungan antara ketumpatan dan tekanan cecair.
............................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark](d) Diagram 5.3 shows the location of a house water tank.
Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan kedudukan tangki air pada sebuah rumah.Explain why the water tank should be located on top of the roof. Terangkan mengapa tangki air diletakkan di atas burn bung rumah.
.
. [3marks]
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Contoh Soalan Modification - SBP 2010
Diagram 7 shows a fixed coil is placed in between an iron rod and a bar magnet. Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu gegelung yang tetap diletakkan di antara sebatang rod besi dan sebuah magnet bar.
When the switch is closed, both of the iron rod and the bar magnet are attracted towards the coil.Apabila suis dihidupkan, kedua-dua rod besi dan magnet bar tertarik kepada gegelung.
(a) State the polarity at X. Nyatakan kutub di X.
..[1 mark](b) Suggest two modifications that can be done in Diagram 7 in order to increase the force of attraction
between the coil and the iron rod. Cadangkan dua pengubahsuaian yang boleh dilakukan dalam Rajah 7 bagi menambahkan daya tarikan antara gegelung dan rod besi.
.
.[2 marks](c) (i) What will happen to the iron rod and the bar magnet when the connections to the terminals
of the battery are reversed? Apakah akan berlaku kepada rod besi dan magnet bar jika sambungan kepada terminal bateri diterbalikkan.
.
[2 marks]
(ii) Explain your answer in 7(c)(i). Terangkan jawapan anda di 7(c)(i).
.
[2 marks](d) The battery is then replaced by a low alternating current power supply. The switch is then closed.
Bateri kemudian ditukar dengan bekalan arus ulang-alik yang berkuasa rendah. Suis dihidupkan.
(i) Describe the motion of the iron rod. Jelaskan pergerakan rod besi.
..[1 mark](ii) Describe the motion of the bar magnet. Jelaskan pergerakan magnet bar.
..[1 mark](e) Using your answers in 7(c) and 7(d),state one application of iron rod with the coil in
everyday life. Dengan menggunakan jawapan anda dalam 7(c) dan 7(d), nyatakan satu aplikasi rod besi bersama gegelung dalam kehidupan harian.
..[1 mark]Contoh Soalan Making Dicision - Selangor 2009
8. Diagram 8.1 and 8.2 show a filament bulb and an energy saver bulb. These two bulbs gives the same
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amount of light intensity. Rajah 8.1 dan 8.2 menunjukkan mentol berfilamen dan mentol jimat tenaga. Kedua-dua mentol ini menghasilkan keamatan cahaya yang sama
(a) The filament bulb uses 75 W of power. What is meant by electrical power? Mentol berfilamen menggunakan kuasa sebanyak 75 W. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kuasa elektrik ?
....[1 mark](b) State the energy transformation that occurs in both bulbs.
Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam kedua-dua mentol.
.[2 marks]Filament bulb
Mentol berfilamenEnergy saver bulbMentol jimat tenaga
Energy consumed per secondTenaga digunakan per saat 75 J 20 J
Useful work per secondTenaga berguna per saat 11.25 J 10 J
Table 8/Jadual 8(i) The filament bulb consumes 75 J of energy in one second but it only delivers 11.25 J of useful
energy per second. Name the wasted energy released by the bulb?Mentol berfilamen menggunakan tenaga 75 J dalam satu saat tetapi cuma mengeluarkan11.25 J tenaga berguna setiap saat. Namakan tenaga yang dibazirkan oleh mentol itu.
..[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the efficiency of the filament bulb and the energy saver bulb from Table 8. Hitung kecekapan mentol berfilamen dan mentol jimat tenaga dari Jadual 8.
(4 marks)(iii) Which bulb is more economical to be used? Give a reason for your answer.
Mentol yang manakah lebih jimat untuk digunakan? Berikan satu alasan untuk jawapan anda.
.
[2 marks] (d) Name one electrical appliance used at home and state one way to make it more efficient.
Namakan satu alat elektrik yang digunakan di rumah dan nyatakan satu cara untuk meningkatkan kecekapannya.
...
[2 marks]
KERTAS TIGA
Construct- Problem Solving (Experementing)-40 markah
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Filament bulb 240 V. 75Wer bulb 240 V, 20 W
Mentol berfilamen 240V 75 Wtenaga 240V 20 W
Diagram 8.1Rajah 8.1
Filament bulb 240 V. 20W er bulb 240 V, 20 W
Mentol berfilamen 240V 20 W tenaga 240V 20 WDiagram 8.2Rajah 8.2
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Contoh Soalan No 1-Section A-16 markah
Trial Selangor 2009
1. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the length, of a constantan wire and the potential difference across it, V. The wire is connected to a steady direct current power supply provided by an accumulator. The set up of the apparatus is shown in Diagram 1.
The jockey is placed at the points where l = 20.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 60.0 cm, 80.0 cm and 100.0 cm. The readings of the voltmeter are as shown in Diagram 1.2, Diagram 1.3, Diagram 1.4, Diagram 1.5 and Diagram 1.6 below.
(a) For the experiment described above, identify (i) the manipulated variable
................................................................................................................................................ [1 marks] (ii) the responding variable
................................................................................................................................................ [1 marks](iii) the constant variable
............................................................................................................................................... [1 marks]
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Note:1. Untuk menjawab 3 soalan ini, jawapannya berada pada soalan yang
diberikan seperti yang digariskan.2. 2 variable telah diketahui dan untuk menentukan manipulated V,
tengok ulangan yang dibuat pada soalan.Ulangan tersebutlah manipulatednya dan variable yang satu lagi atomatik akan menjadi responding.
3. Bagi fixed variable kadang-kadang dalam soalan ada diberitahu tetapi jika tiada ia memerlukan sedikit knowledge tentang eksperiment ini.
4. Jangan menggunakan perkataan type(contohnya type of wire/type of power supply)
Diagram 1
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123 (b) Determine the voltage, V when the length of the constantan wires,l =20.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 60.0 cm, 80.0
cm and 100.0 cm respectively. Tabulate your results for l and V in the space below. 0
[5 marks]
(c) On the graph paper on page 25, plot a graph of V against l [5 marks]
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Note:1. Lihat betul-betul skala bagi setiap alat pengukur.2. Jika alat pengukur boleh membaca 2 tempat perpuluhan,
pastikan dalam ruangan tabulated the data ada 2 tempat perpuluhan.Begitu juga kalau satu tempat perpuluhan.
Note:1. Tengok tajuk graf yang diberi, Perkataan yang dulu adalah
paksi Y dan seterusnya paksi X. Biasanya responding adalah paksi Y dan manipulated adalah paksi x
2. Setiap paksi pastikan ada simbol dan unit.3. Pastikan sekala seragam, no tidak ganjil4. Plot titik denga tanda X, buat besar-besar(2x2 kotak kecil).5. Garis guna pembaris jika nampak hampir lurus, gunakan
freehand jika lengkung. Biasanya lurus.6. Garis mesti sentuh paksi Y7. Saiz graf mesti memenuhi kertas graf. Jangan Buat kecil.(70%
saiz kertas graf)
Note:1. Lihat khendak soalan apa yang hendak dijadualkan. Seperti
soalan di atas hanya 2 sahaja l and V2. Pastikan setiap column ada simbol dan unit3. Pastikan tempat perpuluhan yang betul mengikut alat
pengukur.4. Pastikan setiap column consistency yang sama (tempat
perpuluhan sama)5. Jika column yang seterusnya adalah secondary value, pastikan
nilai tempat perpuluhan lebih satu berbanding primer value.
-
(d) Based on the graph, state the relationship between V and l
[1 marks]
(e) The experiment is repeated using thicker constantan wire.
(i) What happens to the voltmeter readings when the jockey is placed at l = 20 cm? Assume the current that flow through the wire is constant.
. .......................................
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
............................ [2 marks]
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Note:1. Gunakan ayat seperti yg telah diajar berdasarkan bentuk graf
yang diperolehi.
Note:2. Kadang2 ada soalan tambahan seperti ini..
y is directly propotional to x
y
x
y increase linearly to x
y
x
y decrease linearly to x
y
x
y is inversely propotional to x
y
x
As y increase x also increase
y
x
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LATIHAN 1-Q1:SBP 2009
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1 A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the object distance, u, image distance, v, and focal length, f, of a convex lens. The apparatus is set up as shown in Diagram 1.1
Diagram 1.1
At the beginning, the object is placed at the distance of 40.0 cm from the lens. The screen is adjusted to find the sharp image. The image distance is then measured by using the metre rule.
The above procedure is repeated by varying the values of u to be 35.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 25.0 cm and 20.0 cm. Diagram 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 show the end of the metre rule when the image distance, v, is measured. ( Note : For each diagram, the measurement of the image distance, v is started from the zero mark
of the metre rule.)
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(a) For the experiment described above, identify:
(i) The manipulated variable
.............................................................................. [ 1 mark]
(ii) The responding variable
...................................................................[ 1 mark]
(iii) The constant variable
....................................................................[ 1 mark]
(b) Based on diagram 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6, determine image distance, v when the object distance, u. is equal to 40 cm, 35 cm, 30 cm, 25 cm and 20 cm.
Tabulate the values of u, v, u1
and v1
in the space below.
[6 marks]
(c) On the graph paper, plot a graph of v1
against u1
[ 5 marks]
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(d) Based on your graph, state the relationship between v1
and u1
.....................................................................[ 1 mark]
(e) State one precaution that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment.
.....................................................................[ 1 mark]
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Graph of v1
against u1
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Contoh Soalan No 2-Section A-12 markah
Trial Selangor 2009
2. An experiment to investigate the time taken, t by a metal sphere falling from a height, h was conducted. The graph of h against t 2 is in Diagram 2.1.
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(a) Based on the graph h against t2 on page 29, (i) state the relationship between h and t,
..........................................................................................................................................[1marks]
1(ii) determine the time taken, t by the sphere when dropped from a height, h = 44.0 cm. Show on the graph how you determine the value of t
t = [3 marks]
b) Calculate the gradient of the graph. Show on the graph, how you calculate the gradient.
[3 marks]
(c) The motion equation of a falling object with an initial velocity, u is given as
1 (i) State the initial velocity, u of the sphere.
...................................................................................................................................................................... [1 marks]
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Note:1. INGAT, soalan relationship based on graf pastikan gunakan
ayat seperti directly propotional, increse linerally dsb. Ayat Penuh
Note:1. Pastikan ade garisan yang dibuat bermula dengan h=44 terus
ke garisan dan kemudian ke paksi x. Tunjukkan nilainya dalam kertas graf.
2. Tulis nilai t2 dalam ruangan jawapan dan Kira nilai t dalam ruangan jawapan juga.
3. Pastikan Unit ditulis.
Note:1. Pastikan ada segitiga bersaiz sekurang-kurangnya 8 x 8 cm2. Tunjukan koordinat pada hujung segitiga.3. Tunjukkan jalan pengiraan mencari kecerunan.(show
substitution)4. Tuliskan jawapan berserta dengan UNIT.
-
(ii) By using the gradient of the graph in (b) and equation in (c), calculate the gravitational acceleration, g .
[3 marks]
(d) State one precaution that should be taken in this experiment to improve the accuracy of the readings in the experiment
. ....................
....................................... [1 marks]
LATIHAN 1- Midterm T5 SBP 2011
2. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between pressure, P and depth, h of a liquid X at sea level.Seorang pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk menyiasat hubungan diantara tekanan, P dan kedalaman, h bagi cecair pada aras laut.
pressure P is determined using the formula :Tekanan P ditentukan dengan mengunakan rumus:
P = P liquid + Patm
Where P liquid = pressure by column of liquid X, P atm = atmospheric pressureDimana P cecair = Tekanan oleh turus cecair X, P atm = Tekanan atmosfera
(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 2.1, determine the atmospheric pressure, Patm when h = 0 m.Berdasarkan graf pada rajah 2.1, tentukan tekanan atmosfera, Patm bila h = 0 m.Show on the graph, how you determine the value of the atmospheric pressure.Tunjukkan pada graf, bagaimana anda menentukan nilai tekanan atmosfera.
P atm = ........ [2 marks]
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Note:1. Soalan ini lebih kurang sama macam soalan linear law dalam
addmate.2. Gunakan persamaan yang diberi untuk bandingkan dengan
graf. Biasanya kesamaan yang perlu dicari adalah pada kecerunan dan juga y-intercept.
Note:Gunakan 2 ayat ini sahaja....
1. The position of eye must be pependicular to the scale reading to aviod parallax error(tak boleh guna kalau measuring instrument adalah digital stopwatch)
2. Repeat the experiment twice, then calculate the everage to get accurate reading.
-
(b) The density of the liquid can be determined from the formulaKetumpatan cecair boleh ditentukan dengan mengunakan rumus
= 0.012 k where k is the gradient of the graph P against hDimana k ialah kecerunan bagi graf P lawan h
(i) Calculate the gradient, k of the graph P against h. Show on the graph how you determine k.Hitung kecerunan, k bagi graf P lawan h.Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan k.
k = ........[4 marks]
(ii) Determine the density of liquid,
Tentukan ketumpatan bagi cecair, = .... kgm-3[1 mark]
(c) Based on the graph on Diagram 2.1, determine the pressure, P exerted on the liquid when the depth of liquid, h = 0.4 mBerdasarkan kepada graf pada gambarajah 2.1, tentukan tekanan, P yang dikenakan di atas cecair bila kedalaman, h = 0.4 m
P = ........[2 marks]
(d) (i) If the liquid X is replaced with a denser liquid Y, what will happen to the value of k?Jika cecair X digantikan dengan cecair Y yang lebih tumpat, Apakah yang akan terjadi pada nilai k?
...........................................................................................................[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer.Terangkan jawapan anda.
....................................................................................[1 mark]
(e) State one precaution that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment.Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang patut diambil untuk meningkatkan keputusan eksperimen.
............................................................................................................[1 mark]
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LATIHAN 2-Q2: Terengganu 2010
A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between potential differeenceV across the terminal of the battery and the current, I. The result of the experiment is shown in the graph of V against I below.
(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 2; (i) State the relationship between V and I
....[1 mark]
(ii) Determine the value of E, when I = 0.0 AShow on the graph how you obtained the value of E
.....[2 marks]
(i) Name the physical quantity that is represented by the value of E in (a)(ii)
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....[1 mark]
(b) Calculate the gradient, r of the graph.Show on the graph how you determine r.
=..............................[3 marks]
(c) From the graph, state the value of V when I = 0.60 A. Show on the graph how youobtained the value of V.
....[2 mark]
(d) The external resistance, R is given by the formula E = I (R + r) . By using thevalue of E in a(ii), r in (b) and 1= 0.60 A, calculate the value of R.
R=[2 marks]
(e) State one precaution that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment.
....[1 mark]
Contoh Soalan No 3/4-Section B-12 markah
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Note:1. Pastikan menggunakan ayat seperti di bawah.2. Bentuk dan susunan seperti di bawah.
-
Item Catatan Markah1. Inference . depends on 12. Hypothesis The higher the ...the higher..... 13. Aim To investigate the relationship between.and. 14. Variable a) manipulated V: ..
b) Responding V:
pastikan variable yang digunakan sama seperti dalam hypothesis dan juga aim
c) Fixed V:. (j angan guna perkataan type)
1
1
5. Apparatus tulis semua apparatus yang diberi dalam soalan dan lain2 apparatus 16. Arrangement of apparatus lukis gambarajah berlabel,guna pembaris 1
7. Prosedur a) controlling manipulated V: beritahu nilai pertama yang digunakan
b) controlling Responding V: beritahu apa yang diukur, alat pengukur
apa? Jika secondary value tunjukkan formulanya
c) Repeated Exp. ulang eskperiment sekurang-kurangnya 4 bacaan lagi.
1
1
18. Tabulating of Data
- buat jadual dan pastikan ada symbol dan unit. pastikan sama dengan variable di atas
Manipulated/Simbol/unit Responding/Simbol/unit
1
9.Analyzed the data
buat graf paksi y mesti responding dan paksi x-manipulated
-pastikan ada symbol dan unit pada setiap paksi
1
TOTAL 12 M
(ada 9 item yang perlu ditulis. Prosedur 3 markah dan variable 2 markah yang membawa jumlah markah keseluruhan 12 markah)
CONTOH SOALAN DAN JAWAPAN.
Trial Perlis 09
Diagram above shows a plastics bottle containing hot water. The plastic bottle is then put into a basin of ice. The found that the plastic bottle crumpled as shown in diagram 3.2
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Simbol/unit
Simbol/unit
-
Based on the observation on diagram 3.1 and diagram 3.2 and using your knowledge of the gas law
Based on the information and observation above :Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian di atas:
(a) State one suitable inference.Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai. [1 marks]
(b) State one suitable hypotesis.
Nyatakan satu hipothesis yang sesuai. [1 marks]
(c) With the use of apparatus as capilarry tube,tall beaker,thermometer and other apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 4(b). In your description, state clearly the following :Dengan menggunakan radas seperti capilarry tube,tall beaker,thermometer dan lain-lain radas, terangkan satu rangka kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang anda nyatakan dalam 4(b)Dalam penerangan anda jelaskan perkara berikut :
i) Aim of the experiment.Tujuan eksperimen.
ii) Variables in the experiment.Pembolehubah yang terlibat.
iii) List of apparatus and materials.Senarai radas dan bahan
iv) Arrangement of the apparatus.Susunan radas.
v) The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.Prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasikan dan kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas.
vi) The way you would tabulate the data.Penjadualan data.
vii) The way you would analyse the data.Cara menganalisis data. [10 marks]
Jawapan
(a) Inferencethe volume depend on the temperature 1
(b) Hypothesisthe higher the temperature the higher the volume 1
(c)(i) Aim 1
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To investigate the relationship between temperature and volume (ii) Variables
Manipulated : TemperatureResponding : volume/length of air columnConstant : pressure/ mass of air trap
1
1
(iii) List of apparatus and materialscapilarry tube,tall beaker,thermometer,bunsen burner,tripod stand,wire gouze,restord stand,mercury or concentric acid sulfuric acid,strirre, ruler and ice
1
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
1
(v) Procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.
1. The water is stirred until the water temperature fall to 0oC.2. The length of the air column, x is measured using meter rule and recorded3. Repeated the experiment using temperature of 10,20,30 and 40oC
1
1
1 (vi) Tabulate the data
T( 0C) l/cm010203040
1
(vii) Analyse the data
1
TOTAL 12
Set 1-8, soalan no 3 dan 4 section C
Based on the diagrams in Questions 1- 8, (a) make one suitable inference . (b) state one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. (c describe how you would design an experiment to test your hypothesis In your explanation, state clearly the following :
(i) aim of the experiment
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l/cm
T( oC)
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(ii) variables in the experiment(iii) list of apparatus and materials(iv) arrangement of the apparatus(v) the procedures of the experiment, which includes the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding variable(vi) the way you would tabulate the data(vii) the way you would analyse the data
[12 marks]
Trial Melaka 09
1. Diagram 3 shows air bubbles formed by an air pump in an aquarium. The size of the air bubbles are smaller as they emerged from the air pump at the bottom of the aquarium. The size become bigger as they approached the surface of the water.
2. Diagram 4 shows the telephone ear piece which receives a varying current from the telephone line. The permanent magnet attracts the magnet alloy diaphragm. The varying current in the coils of the electromagnet changes the strength of the magnetic field .
Trial Kelantan 09
3. Diagram shows a worker using a piece of straight long and uniform wood to determine the depth of a hole filled with water.
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When the is pushed a bit into water as in Diagram 1 , he feel that a small force is needed, when the wood is pushed further down as in Diagram 2 , he found that a larger force is needed.
4 .The figures 4.1 and 4.2 show two electric bells are connected to the similar batteries.
When the switches of the two bells are on, the bell in figure 4.2 rings louder than the bell in figure 4.1
Trial Mrsm 09
5. Diagram 3.1 shows two identical lorries which are at rest when the traffic light is red. When the red light turns green, both lorries start to accelerate with the same forward thrust. Digram 3.2 shows the positions of both lorries after two minutes.
6. Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 show the electric circuits which connects an electric bell to anammeter and a power supply. When the switch is closed, it is observed that the bell in Diagram 4.2 rings louder than the bell in Diagram 4.1.
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Trial N9 09
7. Diagram 3.1 shows an aluminium foil which has been shaped into a boat and put into a water container. Diagram 3.2 shows the same piece of aluminium foil that has been crumpled and put into the same water container.
Trial sbp 09
8.Diagram 4.1 shows the interference pattern of monochromatic light after passing through a double slit. Same experiment is repeated by using longer wavelength of monochromatic light. The result is shown in Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan corak interferens cahaya monokromat selepas melalui satu dwicelah. Eksperimen yang sama diulang dengan menggunakan cahaya monokromat yang mempunyai panjang gelombang yang lebih panjang. Keputusannya ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2.
End Of ModuleGOOD LUCKLAMPIRAN 1
PHYSICS SPM PAPER 3 QUESTION ANAYLISISSECTION B
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C TOPIC NOVariable
Responding Manipulated Fixed
FORM 4 29 EKSPERIMENT
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Based, Derived, Scalar &Vector Quantities
1.2 Measurement
1.3 Scientific Investigations
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2FORCES AND MOTION
2.1 Linear Motion 1 accelaration height mass
2.2 Inertia 2 period (S3-2006,S1-2007) mass length of jigsaw blade
2.3 Momentum 3 time to stop mass force applied
2.4 The Effect of a Force 4 acceleration( S2-2008) force mass
5 acceleration mass force
2.5 Impulse And Impulsive Force 6 depth height of mass mass
2.6 Gravity 7 time taken weight height
2.7 Forces In Equilibrium 8
2.8 Work, Energy, Power and Efficiency 9 work done distance mass
2.9 Elasticity 10 extension of spring (S1-2005) force spring constant
11 extension of spring (S2-2007)diameter
spring/wire/length of spring
force/weight
3
FORCE AND PRESSURE
3.1 Pressure 12 depth (2004/2008) area of metal block weight
3.2 Pressure in Liquids 13 water distance depth density of water
14 length difference depth density
15 depth of water lavel density depth of thistle funnel
3.3 Gas and Atm Pressure 16 pressure time density of mercury
3.4 Pascal Principle 17 height of big piston area og big piston force/area small piston
3.5 Archimedes Principle 18 weight/volume of water displace mass/weight object density of water
19 weight/volume of water displace density mass/weight object
3.6 Bernoulli Principle 20 water lavel speed density of water
4
HEAT
4.1 Thermal In Equilibrium 20 rise in temperature time mass of water
4.2 Specific Heat Capacity 21 rise in temperature (S2-2004) mass time
4.3 Specific Latent Heat 22 rise in temperature density material time
4.4 The Gas Laws 23 pressure(2005) volume temperature
24 pressure/volume (S1-2006: Charles Law) temperature pressure/volume
5 LIGHT
5.1 Reflection Of Light 25 angle of reflection angle of incident light intensity
5.2 Refraction Of Light 26 angle of refraction angle of incident light intensity
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27 apparent depth(2007) real depth size of an object
5.3 Total Internal Reflection 28 angle of refraction/reflection angle of incident density of block
5.4 Lenses 29 image distance object distance focal length
TOPIC NO
Variable
6
Responding Manipulated Fixed
FORM FIVE
WAVES 25 EKSPERIMENT
1.1 Waves 1 frequency(2006) period size of spring
2 wavelength/time taken frequency/length of pendulum size of spring/mass
1.2 Reflection of waves 3 same like form 4
1.2 Refraction of waves 4 wavelength depth density of water
1.3 Difraction of waves
1.5 Interference of waves 5 x wavelength a
6 distance/x frequency a
1.6 Sound waves 7 distance/x frequency a
1.7 Electromagnetic waves 8 wavelength colour(diffraction) thickess
7
ELECTRICITY
2.1 Electric fields and charge flow 9 current(2008) speed vandegraff size vandegraff
10 temperature(2007) current voltage
2.2 Ohm Law 11 potential difference (S2-2006) electric current length of constatant wire
12 resistance (S4-2004, S2-2005 (Diameter), S1-2007)length/crosssectional
area/temperaturelength/crosssectional
area/temperature
2.3 Series and parallel circuits 13 voltage across resistor no of resistor(2 ohm each)voltage supply(Siries Circiut)
2.4 EMF and Internal Resistance 14 voltage across cell time same baterry
2.5 Electrical energy and power 15 power voltage current
current height mass load
8 ELECTROMAGNETISM
3.1 Magnetic effect of CCC 16 strength of electromagnet number of turn of coil current
17 strength of electromagnet current number of turn
3.2 The Force on a CCC in a magnetic field 18 distance travel/force magnetic strength current
19 distance travel/force(2008) current magnetic strength
3.3 Electromagnetic induction 20 current(2005) speed magnetic strength
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21 current no of turn/magnetic strengthmagnetic strength/ no of turn
3.4 DC and AC
3.5 Transformers 22 induced current/voltage no of turn for secondary coilno of turn for primary coil
23 frequency no of turn for primary/secondary coil soft iron/seloinoid
3.6 Generation and transm
9
ELECTRONICS
4.1 Cathode ray oscilloscope 24 angle of deflection magnetic strength voltage supply
4.2 Semiconductor diodes
4.3 Transistors
4.4 Logic gates
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RADIOACTIVITY
5.1 Nucleus of an atom
5.2 Radioactive decay 25 thikness of aluminium count rate radioactice source
5.3 Radioisotopes
5.4 Nuclear energy
5.5 Management of radioactive
LAMPIRAN 2SKEMA CHARACTERISTIC ATAU PROPERTIES
BAGI SOALAN MODIFICATION DAN MAKING DICISION
Chapter 1/2/3 (FORCES AND MOTION/PRESSURE)BIL
ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MODIFICATION REASON/EXPLANATION
1 The small reading of scale 0.01 cm More sensitif/more accurate/suitable to measure a small length2 Front and rear crumple zones to increase time of impact //to reduce impulsive force.
3 Air bagswill inflate during collision/to prevent driver and passenger colliding with steering wheel and dashboard.
4 Dashboard - made of soft material to lengthen the time of impact so as to reduce impulsive force.5 Seat belt to prevent passengers thrown foward due to it inertia6 Headrest to prevent head thrown back due to it inertia
7 Thicker wall at the base To withstand greater pressure at the bottom as the pressure increases with depth
8 The wall is constructed using stronger materials / Using reinforce concreteTo avoid the wall from breaking / To increase the strength of the wall / To avoid leaking
9 Equipped with the water overflow system To avoid flooding / To channel away the overflow water10 The mass must be high so that the vehicles becomes more stable11 the types of engine is diesel so the cost is low12 the diameter of the tyre must be bigger so the pressure is low // more stable13 Streamline / larus reduce the resistance of water/ kurangkan rintangan air14 Low Density /ketumpatan rendah higher buoyant force/ daya apungan tinggi
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15 Specific heat capacity high / muatan haba tentu tinggi absorbs heat slowly/serap haba dengan perlahan
16 High strength / Kekuatan tinggi Difficult to damage / sukar rosak17 Material made from glass Glass does not corrode with acid18 Small diameter of capillary tube To increase the sensitivity of the hydrometer
19 High density of shots/added more Makes the hydrometer stays upright/lower center of gravity20 Big diameter of bottom bulb To obtaine a bigger upthrust/stability21 Aerodynamics / cone shape at top Reducing of air friction22 Small mass Higher rate of acceleration/easy to carry
23 Less than half of the bottle filled with water(water roket)Enough space for increasing air pressure/ Big buoyant force
24 3 or 4 wings The stability of the rocket25 Angle of projection = 45 degree Increase the flight distance26 Low density of an object So that it is lighter/accelerate faster27 Higher density Bigger inertia/stability28 High engine power To produce high acceleration// high resultant force
29 High spring constant // stiffer spring So that the spring is stiffer // motorcycle bounce less // less vibration30 Wide tyre // smooth tyre To increase stability // to reduce friction31 use a spring with a bigger diameter so that k is bigger
32 the spring is made from steela larger k(spring constant)the type of material influences k produces a bigger elastic PE. elastic P E changes to K E
33 spring is greatly compressed so that elastic Potential Energy is bigger34 slope of inclined plane is 45 degrees so that distance is maximum35 The melting point should be high To be able to withstand high 36 The material must be very strong To be able to withstand very strong force
37 Shaped with a curved surface at the top and a flat surface at the bottom(aerodynamic)To achieve an upward lifting force when moving at high speed
38 Run with higher speed To increase kinetic energy
39 Bend pole greater // jump when the pole is maximum bend Increase elastic potential energy
40 Elastic pole // strong material // low density So that the pole can return to it original shape // So that it will not break // light41 Wear fit attire Reduce air resistance
42 Use mattress/soft material increase time of collision // reduce impulsive force//increase landing time
43 Made of concrete Stronger / Not easy to break// metal can rust easily44 thicker wall at the bottom able to withstand the higher pressure at the bottom45 height from ground is high(dam) to produce a greater difference in pressure
46 Wide base cross section area So that ship can float//prevent from overturn // ship more stable // ship not sink deeper47 High volume of air space in the ship Produce air buoyant force// ship can float48 Spring arrange in parallel The spring sistem is stiffer/less extension/less elastic49 Spring with thicker wire The spring is stiffer/wire not easily break
50 Spring with smaller diameter of coil Increase the stiffness of the spring//can with stand higher force51 Rope with small diameter(parachute) Accupy less space/less mass52 Long stem(for hydrometer) Cover a wider range of densities53 Stem with smaller diameter Sink more and increase the sensitivity54 Low rate of rusting To ensure tha material last longer55 Semicircular curve shaped(for slope) Exchange between KE and GPE easily56 Smooth surface Easily to move/reduce frictional force57 Synthetic material Light weight/air-proof material
Chapter 4 (HEAT)
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BIL
ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MODIFICATION REASON/EXPLANATION
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1the lid of the pan designed to lower the air pressure inside the pan the boiling point of water decreased
2the lid of the pan made of substance which has weak conductivity of heat
heat will not absorbed by the the lid,so heat will not lost to surrounding
3Made from material with low specific heat capacity
Temperature in the pot can be increased quickly when heated. This saves fuel / cooking gas.
4 Made from a low density material Pot is light and more portable
5Made from material that is not easily corroded or oxidized
Pot is more durable and will not contaminate the food with dangerous material
6The handle of the pot is made from material with high specific heat capacity
The handle becomes hot slower and can be held without scorching the hand
7
The pot is designed to have vertical compartments which can be added or removed
This makes the pot versatile because different food can be cooked at the same time
8 High melting pointDoes not melt easily if there is an increase in temperature.
9 Liquid that difficult to compress.Pressure will be transmited uniformly in all directions/ flows easily
10 High degree of hardness Can withstand great force / does not break easily
11 Large numbers of fin blade -Increase surface area // release heat quickly // engine cools quickly
12 Big size of fanCan suck more air // more air can be blow to the engine /Can cool down a larger area
13 High boiling pointNot easily to vaporize // the volume of liquid reduce slowly // takes a longer time to boil
14 High specific heat capacityTakes a longer time to become hot // the rise in temperature is slow
15 Increase the length/area of cooling coilincrease the resistance/Can transfer the heat faster to the surrounding
16A storage tank must be place at a higher level To give higher pressure
17 Pipe embedded in plate must be long will enlarge surface area will absorbs heat faster
18The pipe inside the plate must be made of metal
Metal is a good heat conductor,so it will transmit heat to water easily/resistance hih
19thermometer is made from strong transparent glass so that it is not easily broken
20 the thermometric liquid chosen is mercury because it easily expands uniformly21 the capillary tube is made narrow and thin so that it is more sensitive 22 the shape of the thermometer is round so that it has a magnifying effect23 the thermometer is placed in melting ice to obtain the lower point
the thermometer is placed in steam to obtain the upper point24 Low specific heat capacity of ice cream box Easy get cold // becomes cool quickly25 Smaller size of ice cream box Easier to carry // easy too become cool26 Plastic PVC Poor conductor of heat27 Bright colour of outer box Does not absorb heat from surrounding quickly28 Use insulator behind the absorber panel To prevent the loss of heat energy
29Use an absorber panel which is painted black.
A black surface is a good absorber of radiation so it will absorb heat faster
Chapter 5 (LIGHT)BIL
ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MODIFICATION REASON/EXPLANATION
1 Small critical angle.Allow more light to involve in total internal reflection
2 strong material not easily broken.3 flexible material. Can easily change the shape.4 fine diameter can enter small holes.5 High refractive index Total internal reflection can occur easily
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6 Optical fibre in a bundleLarge number of signal/higher intensity of light can propagate
7 Material with weak rigidity The optical fibre can be bent easily8 Material with great strength The optical fibre can last longer/not easily spoil
9A plane mirror mounted on an adjustable arm Reflects light to the vertical screen, corrects lateral and vertical inversion
10 Use a converging mirror instead of plane mirrorFocus the light directly to the lens // increase the intensity of light.
11Place the filament at the centre of curvature of the converging mirror // use high powered lens
Light goes directly from the lamp and reflect back on the same path // increase the intensity of light towards the transparency // to get brighter image
12 Use heat filter To absorb excess heat to the transparency
13 Electric fan operates during and after the lamp is switched onCooling system to stabilize the temperature (heat energy produced by filament bulb)
14 Shorter // smaller size of binocular easy to carry
15 Use prism to make the total internal refleclection occur Produce upright image
16 Higher density Higher refractive indeks17 Ojective lens with larger diameter More light passes through the lens18 Eyepiece with higher power Shorter focal length19 Shorter focal length Higher power/increase the magnification20 Convex lense Can produce real image21 u a bit bigger than f Produce maximum magnification22 periscope Cheaper than cctv23 2 plane mirror/prism Can reflect light from object24 Casing to hold the mirror Easier to handle periscope25 Convex mirror Wider field view
26 Optcal fibre with higher densities/ refrative index inner compare than outer To ensure total internal reflection occur
Chapter 6 (WAVE)BIL
ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MODIFICATION REASON/EXPLANATION
1 Build near bay
Waves are calmer due to divergence of energy/ Convergence of waves at the cape/The bay is shallower . The speed of waves decreases./The amplitude of waves at the bay is small.
2 Build retaining walls Reduce direct impact of the waves on the shore. To reflect the waves from the shore./Protect the area from large waves /avoid erosion
3 Concrete barrier structure with a gap in between
Waves passing through the gap will be diffracted in the childrens area/the smaller amplitude of the diffracted waves causes the sea to be calmer there energy of waves decreases.
4 Build high retaining wall To ensure the water not overflow.5 Thick area at the base of the wall To withstand high pressure at the base6 Long wavelength Easy to diffract7 Short Slit Diffraction more obvious8 Ultrasonic wave Can transfer more energy
Chapter 7/8 (ELECTRIC & ELECTROMAGNET)BIL
ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MODIFICATION REASON/EXPLANATION
1 The electric appliances are connected in parallel
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box/Use miniature circuit breakers (mcbs)
of electric current flows through the circuit // switches itself off very quickly if the current exceeds
3 Earth connection to the metal case of electrical appliances
Earth wire connected to earth, so that when a fault occurs and a current flows through the live wire and the earth wire, the fuse in the live wire will blow and cut off the supply.
4 Use low power lamps / install fluorescent lamp To reduce the energy use/do not waste the electrical energy
5 Regularly cleaning and removing dust from the air filters of air conditioners To make sure the appliaces function effectively
6 Low power lamp Safe cost//electric bill
7 High efficiency The room looks brighter//high output power//less power wastage8 Long life span No need to replace often9 Low price/cost Save money/cost10 Smaller surface area the resistance is higher11 High melting point not easy to melt12 Long (coiled) metal to increase the resistance13 Low rate of oxidation Does not oxidize easily / can be used for a longer period14 Low resistance Current will increase / more heat will be produced15 Low resistivity To reduce heat loss in the cables 16 Low rate of thermal expansion The cables will not expand under hot weather 17 use thin diaphragm Easy to vibrate18 Use strong material Not easy to break
19 More number of turns of coil Increase the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage // The magnitude of the induced current or is also increased20 Thicker diameter of wire of coil reduce the resistance of the coil
21Using more powerful magnet to increase the strength of the magnetic field
Increase the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage //The magnitude of the induced current or induced electromotive force is also increased
22 Change slip rings with commutator To reverse contact with brushes so that the current flow in same direction in external circuit23 Use stronger magnet To increase the magnetic field strength
24 Use more number of turn for the coil/ Increase the speed of rotationIncrease the rate of change of magnetic field/increase the induced current
25 Diameter should be large to reduce the resistance of the cables
26 The rate of expansion should be low So there is less expansion and less sagging in the cables during hot days27 Use capacitor To smoothen the current produced/to store electric charge28 Using concave surface soft iron Produce radial magnetic field to ensure smooten rotatation29 Using a laminated iron core Reduce Eddy current in iron core30 Thick copper wire reduce the resistance of the coil
31 Using soft iron for the core Reduce the hysterisis loss.Easy to magnetize and demagnitize
32 Winding the secondary and primary coils on top each other.Reduce Leakage of Magnetic Flux
Chapter 9 (RADIOACTIVE)BIL
ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MODIFICATION REASON/EXPLANATION
1The half-life should be a few days long
This allows for the location to be detected and thereafter the radioactive contamination is reduced
2The source should emit particles This enables the radiation to be detected above the
ground/high penetrating power
3The detector should be able to detect particles (low ionising particles)
High ionising particles like and particles are absorbed by the ground
4 Has a long half-life Can be used for a long time hence save cost
5 Emits betaCan penetrate box and liquid and is less dangerous than gamma
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6 Solid form Easy to handle and contain.7 Low ionising power Does not change the state and taste of juice8 Higher ionising power Easy for the medium to conduct electricity
LAMPIRAN 3SOALAN UNDERSTANDING
TINGKATAN 4
CHAPTER 1
4. Explain the differences between accuracy and consistency of a measuring instrument by using suitable examples.
Accuracy is the ability of the instrument to give readings close to the actual value.
The value determined is accurate if it is near to the actual value
The consistency of a measuring instrument is the ability of instrument to record consistent readings for each measurement with little deviation among readings.
The measurement is consistent if the values determined are close to each other.
CHAPTER 2
5. To accelerate 2 objects with the same acceleration, the heavier object needs a bigger force. Explain the statement.
Higher mass, higher inertia To accelerate an object, need to overcome the
inertia first.
Therefore, more force is needed for heavier object.
6. Can you explain why the passenger thrown forward when the bus suddenly stop and the head of the passenger were thrown back when the car started moving.
When the bus was moving, the passenger were also moving at the same speed as the bus.
When the bus stopped, the passengers continued moving. Hence, they were thrown foward.
The people in the car tried to remain in their state of rest when the car started moving. Hence, they were thrown back.
In both situations, the passengers were resisting a change in their state of motion and also known as Inertia.
The concept of inertia also known as Newtons First Law of Motion, which states that an object will remain at rest or continue with a constant speed in a straight line unless an external forces acting on it
7. Can you explain why a maximum speed of supertanker might need to stop its engine over a distance of about 3 km before it can come to stop.
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A supertanker at a state of motions and have a maximum velocity.
A supertanker has a larger mass.A larger mass have a lot/larger inertia.When the engine stop, the supertanker will
continue it state of motions.So it take a longer distance/time to stop due to
its has a larger inertia.
8. Explain why a softball player moves his hand backwards while catching a fast moving ball. Other situation: bend our knee after jump?
A soft ball has a high velocity. A soft ball has a high momentum. The soft ball player move his hand backward
to increase time impact. The higher the time impact will reduce
impulsive force. So we will not feel hurt.
9. Diagram (a) shows two identical spherical plasticine balls before being released from the same height. Diagram (b) shows the state of
the
plasticine balls when they hit the wood and the sponge. It was observed that the plasticine stopped more quickly when it hit the wood.
Explain the changes in energy that occur from the moment the plasticine ball is released until reaches the position in Diagram (b)
Before released, the plasticine has
Gravitational Potential energy . When falling , Gravitational Potential
energy changes to Kinetic energy When the plasticine hits the surface of
wood , the Kinetic energy changes to Heat energy / / Sound energy
The energy / work done is use to changes the shape of sponge
10. Explain how the forces between the molecules caused the elasticity when the spring is compressed and stretched.
There are two types of force; attraction and repulsive force between the particles of the solid.
When the solid is stretched, the molecules displaced away from each other
Attractive forces are acting to oppose the stretching
When the solid is compressed, the molecules displaced closer to each other
Repulsive forces are acting to oppose the compression
11. Terangkan bagaimana anda boleh menentukan ketumpatan bagi penyumbat gabus.
timbang jisim gabus ikat gabus dengan pemberat dan masukan
dalam silinder penyukat perubahan isipadu air bersamaan dengan
isipadu gabus ketumpatan gabus = jisim perisipadu
12. Using the principle of conservation of momentum, explain the working principle of the rocket.
Fuel burns in the combustion chamber Hot gases expelled at high speed
backwards A large backwards momentum is produced The rocket gains forwards momentum of
equal magnitude
13. Why the boy with mass 40kg slides down the flume when the angle of inclination is 30 o and remains stationary when the angle of inclination is 17.5o.(the frictional force is 120N)
Boy slide down when component of weight parallel to the slope is higher than frictional force
Resultant force acting to produced acceleration
Boy remain stationary when component of weight parallel to the slope is equal to frictional force
Resultant force is equal to zero make the boy in force equilibrium
14. Explain why the boat moves away from the jetty as a boy jumps out of the boat onto the river bank.
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When the boy jumps onto the river bank, his momentum is forward.
Using the Principle of conservation of momentum
the total momentum before and after jumping is equal
The boat moves backward to balance the forward momentum
15. Explain why the need of steel structure and the separate compartments to build in lorry carrying heavy load.
The inertia of lorry and load is very big when it is moving
The separate compartments make the load divided into smaller mass, thus reducing the inertia of each unit.
The momentum of lorry and load is very big when it is moving and produce a bigger impulsive force.
The steel structure will prevent the loads from smashing into the drivers compartment during emergency braking.
16. Why we feel easier to pull the wheel barrow compared to push the wheel barrow?
The object on the wheel barrow has a weight
When we push the wheel barrow there is a force acting on the ground in the same direction as the weight.
So the total force acting on the ground is the weight and the force produced when we push the wheel barrow.
When we pull the wheel barrow the force produced is in opposite direction with the weight.
So the total force acting on the floor is a weight less the force produced when we pull the wheel barrow
CHAPTER 3
17. Explain why the wooden block move upwards and then float on the water surface when it release from the above of the water surface.
Buoyant force increase when the volume of water displace increase.
Buoyant force higher than weight of block. Boyant force pushed the wooden block
upward. The wooden block then float because the
buoyant force is equal to the weight of the wooden block
The concept involve is archimedes principle
18. Exlplain how the brake system operates when the car needs to slow down.
When the brake is pressed ,a force is applied to the piston and pressure is exerted.
Pressure is transmitted uniformly throughout the brake fluid.
Force is exerted on the piston of the brake pads
Brake pads will press against the brake discs.
19. The toothpaste flows out of its tube while squeezing at the bottom end
Explain how the toothpaste flows out and name a physics principle related to it.
Force is applied to the toothpaste (tube) Will produced a pressure The toothpaste carry the pressure and apply the pressure of the equal
magnitude to the whole tube
20.Explain how a submarine is able to submerge into deep sea water
Valve release air from ballast tank. Sea water flooded ballast tank The weight of water displaced is smaller. Buoyant force < Weight of the
submarine
21. Explain why a balloon filled with helium gas rises up in the air.
The balloon acted by two forces: Upthrust and the weight of the balloon
The density of helium gas is less than the density of surrounding air
Upthrust equals to the weight of the air displaced by the ballloon
Upthrust is higher than the weight of the balloon
22. Diagram shows a copper block and a bowl shape copper sheet of same mass.
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Explain why the copper block sink in water but the bowl shape copper sheet floats on water
two forces act on the copper block and bowl are uptrust and weight
Uptrust small because small volume // vise versa
The average density of cooper sheet is smaller than density of water. Cooper sheet will float.
Block sink because weight > uptrust Sheet float because weight = uptrust
23. Diagram shows a cross-sectional of a wing of a moving aeroplane. The wing of the aeroplane experiences a lift force. Explain why the lift force acts on the wing of the aeroplane.
Higher velocity on the upper surface and lower velocity on the lower surface
Thus produced lower pressure on the upper surface and higher pressure on the lower surface
Lift force = difference in pressure x area of surface
24. Explain the principle of Insect Piston Spray
When the piston is pushed, air is forced out through the jet of gas at a high speed.
According to Bernoullis Principle , the pressure of the moving air decreases as the speed of the air increases .
The higher atmospheric pressure in the insect poison container will push
the insect poison liquid up through the narrow metallic tube.
25. Explain how the vacuum cleaner is able to remove dust from the floor
the fan blow air out of the vent produce a partial vacuum area in the
vacuum cleaner
difference in pressure occurs/atmospheric pressure is higher than the pressure inside the vacuum cleander
forced is exerted in/pushed in the dirt.
26.Bunsen burner burning with yellow flame . Explain how a blue flame can be produced.
High velocity of gas produce low pressure at the jet
Higher atmospheric pressure pushes the air inside and mix with the gas
Complete mixture of combustion will produce blue flame
Enlarge the orifice to allow more air
27. The roof of a house being lifted by strong winds. Explain why.
the strong wind above the roof is moving very fast
While the air in the house is at rest according to bernaoulli principle the higher the
velocity, the lower the pressure pressure inside the house is higher than the
outside. a force is generated by the difference in
pressure which is strong enough to lift the roof.
28. Explain why the hovercraft moves with constant velocity in terms of the force acting on it
The forward force = friction // forward thrust = drag
The resultant force is zeroThe hovercraft is in force in equilibrium
CHAPTER 4
29. Water is used as a cooling agent in a radiator. Explain how water is used as a cooling agent in the radiator.
Water has high specific heat capacity When water in tube passes through the
engine it can absorb large amount of heat energy
Once water reach the radiator, the heat of the water absorbed by the fin blade of the radiator
The same time the fan in the radiator push the heat out of the car.
30. Terangkan bagaimana proses sejatan mengakibatkan suhu cecair berkurang.
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Di dalam air terdapat molekul yang sentiasa bergerak pada halaju berbeza
Dipermukaan air molekul-molekul berhalaju tinggi memperolehi tenaga kinetik tinggi
Ikatan antara molekul diatasi dan terbebas ke udara
Air kehilangan molekul berhalaju tinggi jadi TK air rendah, suhu berkurang
31. According to the principle of thermal equilibrium and the working principle of a thermometer, explain how a doctor can check his patient temperature during medical treatment.
Thermometer is placed in the mouth of patient,
Heat is transferred from patients body to the thermometer.
Thermal equilibrium between the thermometer and patients body is reached when the net rate of heat transfer is zero.
The thermometer and the patients body are at the same temperature. The thermometer
reading shows the temperature of the patients body.
32. Explain the changes which occur in the liquid naphthalene when it is cooled until it changes from the liquid to the solid state.
As liquid naphthalene cools, it loses energy to surroundings
Its temperature begins to fall until it reaches freezing point 800C
At its freezing point, naphthalene begins to solidify.
Although it is losing its energy to surroundings, its temperature remains constant because the average kinetic energy remains constant
33. Why the ice cube stick to the wet finger. Not to dry Finger?
Ice cube melt will absorb the heat The heat is known as latent heat of fusion When our finger wet it has a small amount
of heat and it will absorb by the ice cube. The heat release from water cause it to be
frozen. So the ice cube and finger will stick
together due to the frozen of water Further more finger have a rough surface
and it helps the ice stick to our finger
34. Apabila beberapa titik ether terkena tangan seorang pelajar, tangannya merasa sejuk. Terangkan bagaimana ini berlaku.
takat didih eter adalah rendah suhu tangan lebih tinggi dari suhu eter menyebabkan haba mengalir dari tangan
ke eter eter meruap//membawa haba pendam
pengewapan menyebabkan suhu tangan turun dan terasa
sejuk
35. Your body sweats when you are feeling hot.How does sweating helps to cool down your body?
When we do the activity using the movement of our body a sweat will poduce.
Acctually water evaporates from the skin when we sweat.
In the process of evaporation the change of phase of matter from liquid to steam occur.
The heat is needed to change this phase is call the latent heat of vapourisation.
So we feel cool when evaporation occur due to the release of heat in our body.
Factor influence the process: air velocity, temperature and humidity.
36. We cannot use a cooling system of a refrigerator to cool the hot room. Explain why?
Cooling system of a refrigerator is smaller Less cool air from refrigerator flow out
compare to the hot air flow in Position of refrigerator is on the floor The cool air does not flow upward
37. Why we put the fishes in the ice cube rather than cold water?
Ice melts need heat known as latent heat of fusion
Heat is absorb from the fish. Fish will release it heat until the
temperature equal to 0 Cold water not experience a change of
phase So just the process of thermal equilibrium
happen when they in thermal contact. The lower temperature not to be 0 degree.
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38. Cuaca yang paling sejuk dialami pada penghujung musim sejuk, iaitu apabila salji mulai melebur. Jelaskan kenapa?
salji perlukan haba untuk melebur haba tersebut adalah haba pendam tentu
iaitu untuk menukarkan fasa pepejal kepada cecair
lebih banyak haba diserap dari persekitaran
39. Using kinetic theory of gasses, explain how the pressure