Seminar Kesedaran Awam Berkaitan Medan Elektromagnet

27 Januari 2011

PENGGIAT INDUSTRI TENAGA

• Unit Perancang Ekonomi

• Kementerian Tenaga,

Teknologi Hijau dan Air

• Unit Kerjasama Awam Swasta

(UKAS)

• Suruhanjaya Tenaga

• National Green Technology

Centre (dahulunya PTM)

• PETRONAS

• PETRONAS Gas

• TNB, SESB, SESCO

• Gas Malaysia, Sabah Energy

Corp, Sarawak Gas

• Sustainable Development

Authority (SEDA)

• MyPower Corporation

Merangka secara makro polisi tenaga negara

Mempelopori, membangun dan melaksanakan polisi dan

program tenaga

Private Finance Initiatives bagi projek utama

Badan kawal selia elektrik dan gas

Membangunkan pelan tindakan pembangunan bagi teknologi

hijau. GreenTech berfungsi sebagai titik fokus bagi

penetapan standard serta mempromosikan teknologi hijau

Cari gali, pengeluaran, pemprosesan dan pemasaran minyak

dan gas

Pemprosesan dan penghantaran gas

Penjanaan, penghantaran dan pengagihan elektrik di

Semenanjung, Sabah dan Sarawak

Pengagihan dan retikulasi gas di Semenanjung, Sabah dan

Sarawak

Pembangunan inisiatif RE/EE & pelaksanaan FIT

Inisiatif reformasi MESI

KERANGKA PERUNDANGAN

AKTA - Parlimen

PERATURAN – Kuasa Menteri

LESEN – Dikeluarkan oleh Suruhanjaya Tenaga

STANDARD LESEN – Syarat-syarat Lesen

1. Akta Suruhanjaya Tenaga 2001 (Akta 610) + Pindaan 2010

2. Akta Bekalan Elektrik 1990 (Akta 447) + Pindaan 2001

3. Akta Bekalan Gas 1993

4. Peraturan-Peraturan Elektrik 1994 + Pindaan 1998

5. Peraturan-Peraturan Bekalan Pemegang Lesen 1990 + Pindaan 2002

6. Electricity Supply (Exemption) Notification 1994

7. Exemption Order di bawah Seksyen 54

8. Peraturan Pengurusan Tenaga Elektrik Dengan Cekap 2008

9. Lesen kepada Utiliti, Penjanakuasa, Pengagih Elektrik dan lain-lain

10. Standard bagi Penjanaan, Penghantaran dan Pengagihan

LAIN-LAIN KONTRAK / PERJANJIAN – Penggiat Industri

12. Perjanjian Pembelian Tenaga (PPA)

13. Perjanjian Pembekalan Bahan Api

11. Kanun Grid / Kanun Pengagihan

KANUN INDUSTRI – Dikeluarkan oleh Suruhanjaya Tenaga

Menasihati Menteri tentang segala perkara yang berkenaan denganobjektif dasar kebangsaan bagi aktiviti pembekalan tenaga

Melaksanakan dan menguatkuasakan peruntukan undang-undangpembekalan tenaga

Mengawal selia segala perkara yang berhubung industripembekalan elektrik dan gas melalui talian paip dan melindungimana-mana orang daripada bahaya yang berbangkit daripadaaktiviti berkaitan penjanaan, pnghantaran dan pengagihan.

Menggalakkan dan melindungi persaingan dan pengendalianpasaran yang adil dan cekap atau, dalam ketiadaan pasaranbersaingan, mencegah penyalahgunaan monopoli atau kuasapasaran..

Mendorong dan menggalakkan pengawalseliaan sendiri dalamindustri pembekalan elektrik dan pembekalan gas melalui talianpaip.

Menjalankan apa-apa fungsi yang diberikan oleh atau di bawahundang-undang pembekalan tenaga.

FUNGSI DAN KUASA SURUHANJAYA TENAGA

TNB

Generation Division

TNB

Transmission Div

TNB

Distribution Division

IPPs

Multiple Generation Single Buyer

STRUKTUR PASARAN PEMBEKALAN ELEKTRIK

Fully integrated

monopoly

Generation

Transmission

Distribution

TNB

Area specified

distributors

Bulk

supply

Own generation

ConsumersConsumers

SLA

TNB

Planning Division

(Single Buyer)

Regulated tariff

~

TNB

Grid System

Operator

PPA

Tadbirurus dalam Penjanaan Elektrik

IPPs sell power to the utilities through long-term power purchase

agreements (PPAs).

The PPA prices are negotiated between the IPP and the utility, with government acting as a moderator.

Part of TNB’s Planning

(Single Buyer) and

Transmission Division

(National Load Despatch

Centre) is the Grid System Operator in Peninsular Malaysia,

responsible for the planning

and operation of the grid

system, scheduling and

despatch of generating

units and load forecasting in accordance with the Grid

Code.

Proposals for new generation

plants are evaluated by

both government and utility before a

licence is granted

(Recently, the government introduced a competitive

bidding system to improve the

process).

A committee chaired by the Minister, with

representatives from

government and utilities

oversees plant-up programme

JPPPET).

Rantaian Pembekalan Elektrik Di Semnnjung

Generation

(% of Capacity Mix )

SREP

(Small Renewable

Energy Programme)

(< 1%)

RE

TNB

7,040 MW (32.3%)

Hydro Plants

1,911 MW

(8.8%)

Gas Plants

5,061 MW

(23.2%)

Distillate

Plants

68 MW

(0.3%)

Gas Plants

7,607 MW

(34.9%)

Coal Plants

7,170 MW

(32.9%)

IPP (inclusive JMJG and KEV)

14,777 MW (67.7%)

TransmissionTNB

(100%)

DistributionTNB

(100%)

Consumers

(% of FY09 Sales)

Domestic

(20.4%)

Commercial

(33.9%)

Industrial

(44.1%)

Public Lighting

(1.3%)

Mining

(0.1%)

Agriculture

(0.3%)

Generation Transmission Distribution

▪ Comprises of TNB, IPPs and RE

Developers

▪ Gas to power sector is capped at 1,250

mmscfd and coal is fully imported

▪ IPP contract is 21-25 years and IPP fuel

cost is fully passed-through to TNB under

the PPAs

▪ RE developers sell to TNB at maximum

price of 21 sen/kWh

▪ TNB is the Single Buyer and the

System Operator

▪ The generators are dispatched based

on least-cost by the System Operator

▪ TNB is the sole distribution network

operator and the retailer

▪ TNB also provide bulk supply to

selective large power consumers

888888

SEKURITI BEKALAN: Pergantungan kepada gas

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1980 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008(f)

Oil

Natural Gas

Coal

Hydro

Melaka

Kuantan

Segamat

Jerneh

(1992)

Kuala Lumpur

Lawit (1997)

Bekok

THAILAND

JDA

(2005)

PM-3

(2003)

Angsi (2002)

SONGKHLA

Bintang

(2003)

Resak(2000)

KERTIH

Duyong (1984)

Kangar

West Natuna ‘B’

(Indonesia - 2002)

Sistem Penghantaran Gas di Semenanjung Malaysia

Impot gas mula meningkat, dianggar mencapai

1/3 daripada keperluan menjelang 2015*

*Inclusive of expensive fields that need to be developed to meet demand.

Non-economic fields may not be developed if cheaper to import

SOURCE: Petronas

LNG Re-gas Terminal to be

developed to cater for LNG imports

into Peninsular Malaysia, estimated

to be ready by Dec 2014

MM

SC

FD

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Production from existing and

committed domestic fields and

non-domestic supplies

Future imports

requirements

Forecast Demand

Additional Gas Reserves

to be developed

Need to pay “fair

market value” to

attract imports

As per Petronas,

extremely expensive

to develop (many

fields not

economically viable)

Depleting domestic

supply: 12% non-

domestic, e.g. JDA

and Natuna

Harga Gas Kepada Sektor Penjanaan

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Januar

y 08

Febru

ary 0

8

Mar

ch 0

8

April 0

8

May

08

June 0

8

July

08

August

08

Septe

mber 0

8

Octob

er 08

Novem

ber 08

Decem

ber 08

Januar

y 09

Febru

ary 0

9

Mar

ch 0

9

April 0

9

May

09

June 0

9

July

09

August

09

Septe

mber 0

9

Octob

er 09

Pri

ce (

RM

/MM

Btu

)

FORMULA PRICE

GOVERNMENT FIXED PRICE

70% discount

from formula

* Discounted price on 1st July 2008 was based on one month lapse of formula price.

RM 10.70/MMBtu

74% discount from

formula price

RM 14.31/MMBtu

RM 6.40/MMBtu

12

BEKALAN ARANG BATU SEPANJANG TAHUN 2010

Stesen Indonesia AustraliaAfrika

SelatanJumlah

KEV 978,420 1,068,110 854,920 2,901,450

TNBJ 6,367,472 - 403,694 6,771,166

T.Bin 4,422,825 1,014,340 643,079 6,080,244

JEV 2,705,977 - 414,070 3,120,047

Jumlah 14,474,694 2,082,450 2,315,763 18,872,907

•Pada tahun 2010, kira-kira 19 juta tan arang batu diimport

daripada tiga negara iaitu Indonesia, Australia dan Afrika

Selatan.

Plant Capacity

(MW) Commissioning

Year

Annual Consumption

(Mtpa)

Sejingkat Ph.1 100 1998 0.50

Sejingkat Ph.2 110 2000 0.50

Lahad Datu Ph.1

160 TBD 0.50

Lahad Datu Ph.2

160 TBD 0.50

Total 530 2.00

14

PERMINTAAN ARANG BATU UNTUK

PENJANAAN DI SABAH DAN SARAWAK

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Dist

Oil

Hydro

Coal

Gas

Fuel Mix (2010)

PROFIL SISTEM - SEMENANJUNG

• Utiliti utama: Tenaga Nasional Berhad

• Bil. Pelanggan: 7,177,143

• Permintaan Puncak: 15,072 MW

• Jumlah Tenaga Dijana: 102,139 GWh

• Jumlah Tenaga Dijual(est): 91,000 GWh

• Kapasiti Terpasang: 21,817 MW

– Gas: 58.1%

– Arang Batu: 32.8%

– Hidro: 8.8%

– Diesel: 0.3%

• SAIDI (2010): 62.88 minit/pelanggan/tahun

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

22,000

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

22,000

1-J

an

15

-Ja

n

29

-Ja

n

12

-Fe

b

26

-Fe

b

12

-Ma

r

26

-Ma

r

9-A

pr

23

-Ap

r

7-M

ay

21

-Ma

y

4-J

un

18

-Ju

n

2-J

ul

16

-Ju

l

30

-Ju

l

13

-Au

g

27

-Au

g

10

-Se

p

24

-Se

p

8-O

ct

22

-Oct

5-N

ov

19

-No

v

3-D

ec

17

-De

c

31

-De

c

Daily Maximum Demand & Operating Reserve (Year 2010)

Maximum Demand Operating Reserve Installed Capacity

MW MW

Maximum Demand: 15,072 MW24 May 2010 1600 hours

Installed Capacity: 21,817 MW

SAIDI INDEX UNTUK SEMENANJUNG

MALAYSIA

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

CY2005 CY2006 CY2007 CY2008 CY2009 CY2010

136

104

7687

66 63

150

Minutes/Customer/Year

Year

With major incident on 13th Januari 2005

KPI 2010 : 60

Sabah

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1-J

an

8-J

an

15

-Ja

n

22

-Ja

n

29

-Ja

n

5-F

eb

12

-Fe

b

19

-Fe

b

26

-Fe

b

5-M

ar

12

-Ma

r

19

-Ma

r

26

-Ma

r

2-A

pr

9-A

pr

Daily Maximum Demand & Available Capacity (YTD 14 April 2010)

Max. Demand Available Capacity Dep. Capacity

MW MW

Max Demand 766 MW

6 April 2010

Dep. Capacity1,040 MW

13 March 2010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

UOR (%)

2008 11.6 28.9 8.8 4.8 8.4 0.4 7.8 3.7 12.1 20.8 21.7

2009 12.7 28.1 9.7 2.1 4.6 0.2 10.4 19.6 19.3 36.5 11.3

IPP

Serudong

(Diesel 36MW)

IPP

ARL

(Diesel 47.5MW)

IPP

SPC

(Diesel 32MW)

IPP

Stratavest

(Diesel 60MW)

IPP

Pow ertron

(Gas 190MW)

IPP

SBPC

(Gas 100MW)

SESB

Patau-Patau

(Gas/Diesel

SESB

Pangi

(Hydro 66MW)

SESB

Melaw a

(Diesel 37.5MW)

SESB

Taw au

(Diesel 56.7MW)

SESB

Sandakan

(Diesel 79MW)

UOR for Sabah in 2008 and 2009 (As at Sept_09)

(Gas/Diesel 107MW)

SISTEM BEKALAN ELEKTRIK

21

CONTOH PARAS VOLTAN PENGHANTARAN

PELBAGAI NEGARA

22

Negara Paras voltan penghantaran ( kilo volt)

Malaysia 66 kV, 132 kV, 275 kV, 500 kV

UK 66 kV, 132 kV, 275 kV, 500 kV

India 110 kV, 132 kV, 220 kV, 400 kV, 765 kV

US 69 kV, 115 kV, 138 kV, 230 kV, 345 kV, 500

kV, 765 kV

Thailand 69 kV, 115 kV, 138 kV, 230 kV, 345 kV

JENIS- JENIS DAN CONTOH PENGHANTARAN

23

PERANAN SURUHANJAYA DLM ISU EMF

Menggunapakai piawaian-piawaian antarabangsa berkaitanradiasi EMF seperti standard-standard yang ditetapkan oleh IRPA(International Radiation Protection Agency), ICNIRP(International Commission on Non-ionising RadiationProtection) dan WHO (World Health Organisation) dalammenetapkan tahap-tahap radiasi EMF bagi rekabentuk talian-talian penghantaran TNB;

Membuat literature review terbitan oraganisasi-organisasiantarabangsa tersebut mengenai kesan EMF kepada kesihatan;

Membuat bacaan tahap radiasi EMF pada pepasangan-pepasangan TNB dari berbagai paras voltan, fasa dan peralatanprasarana elektrik serta menanda aras dengan tahap-tahap yangditetapkan; dan

Mengeluarkan garispanduan berkaitan aktiviti-aktivitiberhampiran talian penghantaran.

THANK YOU