sejarah peninjau jelebu

8/18/2019 Sejarah Peninjau Jelebu

1/11

CONTENTS

Dari Meja Pengarang

/Malaysia's Social History Wang Gungwu

JFhe Federation of 1896: Its Origin Khoo Kay Kim

Prelude to the British ForwardMovement of 1909 /?.Sankaran

A Russian in Kelantan? A. J. S. Reid

Documents

Biography

Short Notes

■ a m m e d INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HISTORY

U n i v e r s i t y o f m a l a y a til ALA LTJMPUR.

Book Reviews

PERPUSTAKAAN AWAM NEGERI

TERENGGANU

0002271320

Vol. 1 No. 2

December, 1966


2/11

UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA PRESS

For a good number of years the University of Malaya

Press has been publishing books of scholastic value

written by local and expatriate authors. The well-pro

duced books so far published have gained international

repute and have often been quoted by well-known

scholars. This is the eleventh year of publishing. Many

more are to come. The role of the University Press

fills the need of a non-profit making local establishment

which sets itself the task of publishing books which are

pioneers in the field of scholarship. Above is anillustration of the new crest of the University Press

which will appear in all future University of Malaya

Press books. When you see it on any bock, you may

be sure it is a quality book.

Write to the University of Malaya Press, P.O. Box

282, Kuala Lumpur for free catalogue.


3/11

KOLEKSI PERCBa DIProf. Dato’ Mohamad B in Abu Baka^

t r i p l e c r o w n c l u b

We are adverti sing Oxford Not Oxford wi th her dreaming spires, she needs

not Jun e for beauty's heightening, but Oxford University Press Nor are we

advertising Oxford Bibles or Dictionaries — we sell a lot of these alr ea dy — or

books on bread-m aking, the Mon dialects or the Gond Village We are trying

to persuade teachers of History to join a Books Club whi ch offers tw o books

every mon th to members We are not trying to get rid of overstocks — the

books selected are new books (Made available to Book Club Members before

general publi cati on) or standard work s We are not trying to force members

to buy more books for their coffee-table s If they have small coffee-tables,

they need buy only four books a year Between Ja nuary and June we shall

offer new books whi ch include BEGBIE The Malay an Pen insu lar , MILLS

Br i t i s h Ma laya 1824-67 ROFF S w e t t e n h a m S t o r i e s a nd S k e t c h e s

LIM CHONG YAH E c o no m i c D e v el o p m e n t o f M o d e r n M al a y a

RATNAM Ma l a y a n P a r l i me n t a r y E l e c t i o n s HUNTER Sou th -Eas t As ia ,

Race Cu l tu re and Soc ie ty These books will be sent to members post

free at 20 per cent belo w the normal retail price In additi on, they will

receive a book token valued at 10 per cent, of the published price wh ich

may be used tow ards payment for any book published by Oxford University

Press and its agencies; a monthly newsletter and each quarter, a copy ofBerita Oxford We need no subsc ript ion or entrance fees

W£h—<

aw

E-OQcn

X hOXo

<H

Da

Please enrol me as a member of the Tr iple Crown Club. I agree to buy

at least fou r Club Choices during the next tw elv e month . I have the right

to cancel my membership after buyin g these four books. I am to receive

a 20 per cen t discount plus a Book Token valued at 10 per cent of the

retail price wi th every choic e I buy. All books are supp lied post free. I

understand that a cheque should accompany my order unless previous

arrangements for credit have been made.

Date Signature

M rMr sMiss (Please Print)

Address

Perpustakaan Awam Terengganu

0002271320

{Please return this to The Secretary, Triple Crown Club, Oxford University Press, Third Floor , Loke Veto Building , K. Lumpur.)

J U

rNTERNAT[OVAL R F I^/ n^ uL r v f v - ’>,,, i - i r y r o / t r

^ v > OF MALAYA

AX. 1 LA L UMPUR.


4/11

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

214, JALAN BANDAR,

KUALA LUMPUR.

Phone: 82443

# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # * # # # # # # * # # * # # #


5/11

P E N I N J A U S E J A R A HJOURNAL OF THE HISTORY TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION OF MALAYA

Vol. 1 N o 2. DECEMBER, 1966

Contents

Dari Meja Pengarang•

Malaysia’s Social HistoryWang Gungwu 1

The Federation of 1896: Its Origin

Khoo Kay Kim. 6

Prelude to the British Forward Movement of 1909

R. Sankaran 24

A Russian in Kelantan?

A . J. S. Reid 42

D o c u m e n t s : The Naning Treaty of 1801 48

Bio g r a p h y : Raja Mahdi bin Raja Sulaiman

Mohd. Amin Hassan 53

The Life and Times of Hj. Othman Abdullah

William R. Roff 62

Sh o r t N o t e s :

About 19th Century Selangor 69

B o o k R e v i e w s :

The Constitution of Malaysia Harry E. Groves

76

South East Asia: A Short History

Brian Harrison 79

The Cultural Background of the Peoples of Malaya

N . J. Ryan 80

Primary History for Malayans

M .A . Mallal and Seow Ban Yam 82

A textbook of Modern European History

George W. Southgate 85

Th e Editorial Board wish it to be understood that the statements and opin ions expressed

by contributors do not necessarily represent those of the Editorial Board or the Association.


6/11

aroma and flavour!

Nescafe is prepared from the

and roasted — specially for you. Open the|||||||!||||^ ^l• that g lo |j|||

aroma of freshly-roaste


7/11

DARI MEJA PENGARANG

Keluaran pertama Peninjau Sejarah telah pun menjelang para peminat lebeh

kurang tiga bulan yang lalu. Di-dalam-nya kami telah meminta perhatian, ulasan,

tegoran, dan sumbangan dari segi makalah atau pun chatitan. Malang-nya, hingga

kini, maseh belom lagi kami menerima apa2 pandangan pun dari pembacha.

Sa-bagai yang telah di-tegaskan di-dalam majallah itu bahawa satu2-nya

tujuan mengeluarkan Peninjau Sejarah ia-lah untok memberi peluang kapada orang2

yang berminat dalam soal sejarah, terutama guru2 di-sekolah, menulis dan menya-

lorkan buah fikiran dan pendapat mereka berkenaan dengan sejarah, menerusi

Peninjau.

Makalah2, berita2 berkenaan dengan peristiwa2 dan tempat2 yang bersejarah,

pengkajian dan pengajaran sejarah, semua ini ada-lah sesuai menjadi bahan sum

bangan. Berita tentang ada-nya bahan2 sejarah, saperti naskhah2 lama, juga akanmenerima sambutan; kerana naskhah2 tempatan ini sangat-lah mustahak buat

membolehkan satu nilaian yang penoh terhadap sejarah Tanah Ayer kita. Di-

masa2 yang lampau kita telah terlalu kuat bersandar kapada bahan2 dalam bahasa

Inggeris. Ini ada-lah satu keadaan yang tidak boleh kita biarkan berleluasan.

Oleh itu, gunakan-lah peluang2 yang di-kemukakan oleh Peninjau ini, baik

dari segi minat atau pun perasaan tanggong-jawab yang berkehendakan sejarah

Malaysia di-nilai dari segala segi dengan sa-penoh2-nya, tidak berat sa-belah dan

berasaskan kebenaran.

Kerjasama dari peminat2 sejarah sangat di-perlui, dan kami harap rayuan

ini akan mendapat sambutan yang memuaskan, untok kepentingan kita bersama.

Z a i n a l A b i d i n b i n A b d u l W a h i d


8/11

By gad sir, I heard a roar!But never in all my tiger-bagging days did I hear one from a car. Could

be that new power-formula gasoline 1 filled up with. Supposed to put a tiger in

my tank. Rather incredible, what? But blast my buttons, sir, I distinctly heard

a roar!

New Power-Formula Esso Extra gasoline boosts power three ways . . . Cleaning

Power! Firing Power! Performance Power! Also preserves the power of new

engines . . . and restores lost power to older engines.

Happy Motoring /


9/11

MALAYSIA’S SOCIAL HISTORY

by W a n g G u n g w u

Department of History, University of Malaya.

Great historians in the past have done their best work on “ w a r s a n d the ad-

ninistration of affairs” . Th e excitement of leadership, of courage, of skill in

ruling and controlling people have been the historians’ most important themes.

The flow of events have intrigued them because many of the events have, in their

eyes, changed the course of history. When events are as spectacular as that , itis no wonder that the his torians’ main efforts have been to explain them and place

them in perspective.

This has also been true of the history so far written of our own country. A

great deal has been written about the political struggles and their diplomatic back

ground and about the administrative, constitutional and economic developments

under colonial rule. There are good reasons for this. Apar t from their intrinsic

interest, such subjects are also part of the special experiences of most of the his

torians themselves, especially those who have served long years with the colonial

regime before 1957. Th e efforts have been commendable in many cases, but

a great deal more is now known, methods of research are now better and we can

expect many of the earlier works to be eventually superceded by better, more schol

arly and accurate works.

This, of course, is not all that we have to do. There are new approaches,

new dimensions in our history which few of the historians in the past could have

appreciated. In particular, there are the aspects of our history covering the growth

of a Malaysian society. For this, we not only have to know the political and eco

nomic framework in which the society emerged, but also the nature of the different communities who have their homes here. It is not enough, therefore, to

pursue the subject in terms of political decisions and economic determinants.

We must take into account the organisation of society, its religion and culture,

its capacity for social change and social mobility. In short, we need a social history.

There have been attempts to write some kind of social history in the past.

Certainly the ethnographers and the travellers have left us fascinating accounts

of our society. In more recent years, several well-known scholars have written

on the social and cultural history of the Malays and the Chinese. Some of thei r

works have been well received abroad as pioneers in the field and much of what

they have written can still be useful for new advances to be made. The fact re-

#Text of a talk given on Television Malaysia on 2nd June 1966.

1


10/11

mains, however, that many of them lacked objectivity and were unable to avoid

being unconsciously patronising towards the people they described.

Similarly, many of the books written in Malay about Malay socicty and many

of those written in Chinese about Chinese society, for example, also lack objec

tivity. In many cases, thev are defensive and apologetic and some are even less

objective than the works of foreign scholars.

The time has now come for us to go further than apologia and communal

pride, however understandable they were under colonial conditions. As people

of an independent country, we should now learn of our emergence as a plural

society, a multi-racial society, the historical roots of which date back several hun

dred years. Let us be clear how it all began — from aboriginal society to Malay

settlements on the river-banks and along the coast, from the increasingly cosmo

politan centres like Malacca and Kedah, from the new stocks of Malayo-Polynesian

peoples, the Javanese, the Bugis, the Minangkabau, the Achenese, the Rawa and

Mandelings to the coming of Indians, Arabs, Chinese, Europeans, Eurasians. It

was a long process of acculturation and assimilation of all those who were content

to stay and make their homes here. It is a process far from complete and one

which now faces new challenges, new tensions and subtleties, and also new poss

ibilities.

I think everyone in the country senses the challenges and the new possibilities.

But few are able to recognise the origins of these challenges and the w^ys they

have developed to our present stage of history. This is why social history has a

growing significance; because we need to know the nature of the ingredients that

have gone into the making of the Society in which we now live.

Let us try to see what we already know of our social history. We have al

ready a number of key studies of Malay society, of ‘adat law and the structure of

power, of social stratification and mobility and, in particular, of the role of Islam

among the various Malay communities. Most of the studies have been made bycultural and social anthropologists, by political scientists, by linguists and by stu

dents of religion and what the Europeans call “orientalis ts” . Until very recently,

no major study has been made by a historian.

A few studies about the other communities are also mainly the works of anthro

pologists and sociologists. The subjects have included the study of immigration,

labour, secret societies, communal organisations, religion and festivals, and various

aspects of education and cultural life. Again, only a few historians have been

able to contribute towards this rich field.

Two points can be made immediately. There has not developed the history

which deals with the ordinary lives of people from all ranks of society. This is

the history which highlights the family, the home, love and marriage, festivals

and celebrations, song and dance and other forms of entertainment, arts and crafts

2


11/11

and literature and other types of self-expression. It takes in the people’s faith,

their customary codes of behaviour, their rewards and punishments, their concepts

of philanthropy and welfare, their attitudes towards health and medicine and their

ideas about their duties and their rights. For this kind of social history, a great

deal is already known and may be found scattered in many books and journals,

monographs and pamphlets, and a great deal more remains to be investigated in

old records. But our knowledge is very fragmentary and previous writings have

been more the results of antiquarian curiosity than of sustained historical research.

There was no vision of continuity and change, no attempt to see our communities

as a whole. All the findings are still raw data for the social historian to use.

The second point is somewhat different and refers to the approach of the

historian and the methods he uses rather than to the data and the raw materialsavailable. Here, what the historian today is forced to admit is his growing debt

to the social sciences. Beginning with his debt to economics he is now a benefi-#

ciary of all the work that is being done by social anthropologists, sociologists and

social psychologists. He benefits in two importan t ways. He benefits immediately

by the new methods of research developed, the new kinds of questions asked about

social forces in history and a new approach even towards the historian’s traditional

concern, that is, “wars and the administration of affairs”. But not only that.

The historian of the future will benefit from some of the keen and imaginative

analyses of our present societies already produced by the social scientists. Their

works, their interpretations of data collected today, will serve as the raw materials

for the next generation of historians — only, of course, if the new generation of

historians knows how to use them.

■

The two points tha t I have made are really closely related. On the one hand,

we await a social history which pulls together all the different strands of know

ledge we have and will have and, on the other, we are becoming more conscious

of social forces in history and are improving our techniques of understanding

them. Let me now come back to our country’s social history. What are some

of the things we can do? What is now being done?

There are three main fields of researcn activity among the social historians

of our country today. Firstly, in the fields of social stratification and mobility;

secondly, in the field of education; and thirdly, in the field of social cohesion,

dealing with the organisations which have enriched the cultural life of different

communities. All three kinds of research touch on one another and depend a

great deal on cooperation among the scholars concerned.

The first field, that of social stratification and mobility, owes most to the social

scientists. Here the historian is concerned with the traditional structure of

society, the rulers and the ruled, the sources of authority at all levels, the diff

erent classes and their given places in the community and so on. He is interested,

among other things, in what the traditional rajas expected from their subjects and

what the early peasantry owed to their chiefs and landlords. He notes the sig-

3