rph (body coordination)

Jabatan Pengajian Pendidikan

Fakulti Pendidikan dan Pengajian Manusia

KPD 3016

PENGAJARAN, TEKNOLOGI DAN PENAKSIRAN 1

TUGASAN 4

UNIT PENGAJARAN

PENSYARAH : DR. RAZAK ABD SAMAD BIN YAHYA

KUMPULAN : A (TEAM 2)

NAMA NO MATRIK

NOOR SUMAYAH BINTI ISMAIL D20091035088

NORKAMALIAH BINTI OSMAN @ MOHD NORDIN D20091035111

NORDIYANA BINTI MOHD ZOM D20091035124

MOHD AIDIL UBAIDILLAH BIN RAZILAN D20091035132

SITI NURUL SHAHIDA BINTI MOHD ABD HADI D20091035137

COMPONENT 1: TITLE AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

TITLE: Body Coordination

SUBTOPICS : 1. Understanding body coordination

2. Understanding the human nervous system

3. Analysing nervous coordination

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:

What is body coordination? In our life we see with our eyes, smell with our nose, hear with our

ears and taste with our tongue. Our body organs need to function or coordinate in order to detect

stimuli and consequently react towards stimuli around us and in our body. In this chapter, there

are lots of learning objectives to objectives, however only three of them going to be achieved

equivalent to four times of lessons. There are three subtopics that will be teach in classroom

which are:- 1.1 understanding body coordination, 1.2 understanding the human nervous system

and 1.3 analysing nervous coordination. The entire lessons contribute 16 learning outcomes that

suppose to be finished successfully. Hopefully, all the valuable contents and points in these

learning outcomes have ability in creating interactive teaching and as the result, my students

would show their enthusiasm to understand these subtopics and at the same time apply it in their

daily life.

Teaching unit is a special skill that is learned in much the same way as other skills. Good

teaching unit do not ensure students will learn what is intended, but they certainly contribute to

it. Think of a lesson plan as a way of communicating, and without doubt, effective

communication skills are fundamental to all teaching. Teaching unit also help new or

inexperienced teachers organize content, materials, and methods. When you are learning the craft

of teaching, organizing your subject-matter content via lesson plans is fundamental. Like most

skills, you'll get better at it the more you do it and think of ways of improving your planning and

teaching based on feedback from your students, their parents, and other teachers. Developing

your own teaching unit also helps you "own" the subject matter content you are teaching, and

that is central to everything good teachers do.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THEME/THEME:

The theme for topic body coordination is maintenance and continuity of life. In the human body,

all the systems simultaneously work in a co-ordinated way and in full harmony for a definite

purpose, namely, to keep the body alive. Even the smallest movements we do everyday, such as

breathing or smiling, are outcomes of perfect co-ordination in the human body. Besides that,

inside us is an incredibly complicated and comprehensively co-ordinated network that operates

without stopping at all. The purpose is the continuance of living. Thus by teaching this topic, a

student is able to learn the meaning of body coordination and how certain body parts react

towards stimuli. The importance of this topic also due to the introducing of chemical substance

which may damage body functions. Consequently, the students have some benefit knowledge on

how to make relationship with what they are going to learn and their real life.

COMPONENT 2: STUDENT’S PRIOR KNOWLEDGES

2.1 The prior knowledge of student:

Lesson Plan 1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human

Nervous System

1.1

1. Basic knowledge about body coordination has been introduced in form 3.

2. All our body system is able to work together harmoniously.

3. Brain is the master organ of coordination.

4. Nervous system and endocrine system are responsible in regulating and coordinating our

body activities.

1.2

1. Our body possesses a complex communication system that is nervous system.

2. Human nervous system is divided into two major component which are central and

peripheral nervous system.

Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neuron

2.1

1. The function of nervous system and component of neurone

2. Students can identify the major component of human nervous system

3. Student can give the example of activities that involve in the nervous system

4. Neurone is the new topic to student

Lesson Plan 3: Analyzing Nervous System

3.1

1. Students have already known that neurone receive and transmit the impulse to the brain.

2. Students have already known that there are three types of neurone in nervous system.

Lesson Plan 4: Analyzing Nervous Coordination

4.1

1. Student has already known the useful of nervous coordination like reflex are essential for

everyday movement as well as protection. For examples, when we sneezing and

coughing.

2.2 Plan to pick up ideas:


Nervous System

At the beginning of lesson, the teacher will going to use about ten minute to make

engaging. There are several types of activities that have ability in identifying either the

student have the correct concept about the body coordination and nervous system or vice

versa:

1. Examine models, or view charts to identify the component of nervous system.

2. Give the short quizzes to analyses the knowledge about their understanding on this

subtopic.

3. Discuss the reasons why body coordination is so important in daily activities. Then

carried out a brainstorming by asking a few questions that have relationship with their life

Lesson Plan 2: The function of nervous system and component of neurone

The function of nervous system and component of neurone

1. Teacher shows to the student a map concept of the human nervous system and asks

the whole class what goes on in their minds when they see a mind map.

2. Show the picture of the component neurone and student can draw the picture and

labeled it.

3. Discuss in group the pool questions

4. Short quiz, summary and reading assignment.


1. Teacher shows to the student a video clip of neurone.

2. Then, teacher asks the whole class what is the main function of neurone from the video

they saw just now.


1. Teacher shows to the student a picture of sneezing and blinking

2. Then, teacher asks the whole class what are another example of reflex than the reflex

shown.

3. Then, teacher shows a set of pictures of knee jerk reflex to the students.

4. Then, teacher asks the whole class how the knee jerk reflex could be happen.

2.3 Idea/Lessons Objective that quite tough to achieve:

The student are having difficulty to achieve the lesson objective due to the never

experienced this subtopic before. In other word student never learn about this before

although the basic about this subtopic.


Nervou System

1. Making analogy what body coordination is about.

2. To ensure the student are able to relate what they have done in their daily life with body

coordination

3. Have difficulty to make sure the student understand the differences about nervous system

and endocrine system because some of them are occur inside of our body like heartbeat,

digestion, level of glucose in blood and amount of water in the body.

4. There are a lot of new words that not really familiar in their life such as cranial nerve,

somatic and autonomic nervous system, impulses and so on.


1. To ensure the student know the travel of impulse in the human body.

2. Difficult to remember the names of the component because it is in scientific names like

axon, dendrit, dendron and so on.

3. Draw a diagram of neurone.

4. State the function for each component of the nervous system.


1. The similarities and difference between the three types of neurone.


1. The reflex arc (nerve pathway) of a reflex action.

2. Relationship between receptors, neurones effectors, neurones and effectors with the

nervous system.

2.4 Misconception and the real concept:


Nervou System

MISCONCEPTION PROPER CONCEPTION

All our body systems working independently

to each other.

body systems work together to build the

functioning human body

Most items are composed of different parts and

that an item may not work if its parts are

missing.

The condition inside our body always changes

at all time in order to function well.

For our body to function well, the condition

inside our body must be kept constant at all

time. This requires coordination among various

parts of the body.

Endocrine system and nervous system are two

systems that not really important in body

coordination.

Although nervous system and endocrine

system control different type of body activity,

but both of them work simultaneously in

enabling us to live as one entity.

Brain is able to work by its own. Brain is the main component in deciding how

to respond and instruct certain body parts to do

so. But the information that is called impulse is

come from sensory organ and via nerves to our

brain.



The peripheral nervous system analyzes

impulses from the receptor.

The peripheral nervous system does not

analyze impulses from the receptor. This is

done by the central nervous system.

Cranium nerves and spinal cord not involved in

reflexes.

Cranium nerves and spinal cord involved in

reflexes.

Lesson Plan 3 : Analyzing Nervous System


Relay neurone appears in the central nervous

system and peripheral nervous system.

Relay neurone only appears in the central

nervous system.

Relay neuron connects either with sensory

neurone or motor neurone.

Relay neurone connects the sensory neurone

with the motor neurone.

Synapses allow impulses to be transmitted in

two directions.

Synapses allow impulses to be transmitted in

one direction only.



Reflex action happen in all nerve parts Reflex action takes place in the spinal cord.

The main parts of the nervous system need to

be protected.

The main parts of the nervous system are not

the only parts that need to be protected. The

cells of the nervous system are fragile and need

excessive protection. They need to be protected

from infections of disease organisms, and other

harm.

COMPONENT 3: CONTENT ANALYSING

Subject: Science Form 4

Topic: Body coordination

UNIT

KNOWLEDGE SKILLS

FACTS CONCEPTS GENERALIZATION COGNITIVE PSYCHOMOTOR SOCIAL

UNIT 2.1

Understanding

Body Coordination

The daily activities

of human is known

as the part of body

coordination

There are two types

of body

coordination:

- Nervous

coordination

- Body

Coordination is

the adjustment of

our body’s

reaction towards

any stimulus

around us (eg:

temperature

change) and from

the inside of our

body (eg:

digestion of

food)

- Coordination

ensure that each

part of the body is

controlled so that

it functions

harmoniously

with each other

when it receives a

stimulus

- Nervous

Coordination

coordinating body

activities like:-

- A student is

able to

describe what

is body

coordination.

- A student can

make a chart that

show the

relationship

between type of

body

coordination, its

example and the

importance of it.

- A student

will have the

sense on

how to

appreciate

God’s

creation of

body

coordination

- Hormonal

coordination

- Nervous

Coordination is

controlled and

coordinated by

the nervous

system

- Hormonal

Coordination is

controlled and

coordinated by

the endocrine

system.

walking, looking,

writing, reading

and listening.

- Hormonal

Coordination

coordinating body

activities like:-

body growth,

reproduction, food

digestion.

UNIT 2.2

Understanding The

Human Nervous

System

The human nervous

system is divided

into:

i. Central

nervous

- The nervous

system controls

and coordinates

functions

throughout the

- The central

nervous system

consists of the:-

i. Brain

ii. Spinal

A student is able

to:-

- State the

function o

each part of

A student is able to:

- Identify the

component

parts of the

human

A student is able

to:

- Explain

the

difference

system

ii. Peripheral

nervous

system.

The message

carried by the

nervous system are

electrical signals

called impulses.

body and

responds to

internal and

external

stimuli.

- The human

nervous system

consists of

millions of

neurons.

cord

- The peripheral

nervous system is

divided into:-

i. Somatic nervous

system (controls

voluntary

actions) –

consists of

cranial and

spinal nerves

ii. Autonomic

nervous system

(controls

involuntary

action.

- There are 3 types

of neurone:-

i. Sensory neurone

ii. Relay/intermediate

the nervous

system.

- Analyses the

different type

of neurone

and its

importances.

nervous

system.

- Observe

models or

view videos

about types

of nervous

system.

s between

3 type of

neurone

- Make

general

conclusion

about the

importanc

e of

nervous

system.

neurone

iii. Motor neurone

UNIT 2.3

Analysing Nervous

Coordination

Receptors are

sensory cells

found in our

sensory organs.

Responses are

carried out by

effectors

Reflex Action is

a rapid and

automatic

response to

stimulus

a) reflex action

b) reflex arc

Nervous system is an

organ system

containing a network

of specialized cells

called neurons.

Students able to

state what

receptors and

effectors are.

Students able to

illustrate the path

taken by an impulse

in the reflex arc.

Students able to

explain with

examples what a

reflex action is.

3.2 Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson students should be able to:

Lesson Plan 1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervous

System

A: Master content knowledge (cognitive)

1. Describe what body coordination.

2. Identify the body systems that control and regulate coordination.

3. State the importance of body coordination.

4. Identify the component parts of the human nervous system.

B: Master Scientific Skills/TSTS

1. Draw the mind map about the relationship of body coordination and example of daily life’s

activities

2. Give some respond after watching video related to body coordination and human nervous

system.

3. Organize the part of central and peripheral nervous system

C: Demonstrate Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values

1. Be actively participate in carrying out role play activity based on agreed upon procedures as a

team

2. Appreciate the value of time by carrying out the role play briskly and being on task all the time

3. Able to make correlation between the importances of body coordination in our sustainable life.

4. Be rational to explain what body coordination is about.



1. Specify the functions of each component of the nervous system.

2. States what is nervous system

3. Identify the neurons

4. Provide the functions of each type of neuron


1. Be able to see parts of the nervous system of the human body.

2. To label and draw the structure of neurons

3. To differentiate the functions of the neurons in the


1. Can take care of your body organs to function properly

2. Does not do the activities that can harm the body.

3. Caring for each part of the body.


A : Master content knowledge

1. List the types of neuron

2. Explain the function for each type of neuron.

3. Compare and contrast the three types of neuron.

4. Define the meaning of receptor and effector.


1. Draw a labeled diagram of the sensory neuron, motor neuron and relay neuron.

2. Discuss in a group the function of each type of neuron and also the similarities and difference.

Then students must present their work in the class.


1. Practice a good life style by doing exercise or aerobic.

2. Be careful to anything that can cause negative impact to our body.



1. state the function of receptors and effectors

2. explain with examples what a reflex action is

3. describe a reflex arc

4. illustrate the path taken by an impulse in the reflex arc


1. Design and carry out an activity in groups to investigate the relationship between the receptor,

effectors and reflex action.


1. Being responsible about the safety of oneself, others and the environment.

3.3 Main Idea in Age-Appropriate Language


System

Concept of Body Coordination:

1. The term coordination:- the act or state of coordinating or of being coordinated. It is also refer

to proper order or relationship

2. Harmonious combination or interaction, as of functions or parts.

3. So that, body coordination is about various parts of our body usually work together towards

any stimulus around us and from the inside of our body.

Characteristics of Body Coordination:

1. Body coordination is divided into nervous coordination and hormonal coordination.

2. Nervous coordination-controlled and coordinated by the nervous system. Coordinating body

activities like walking, looking, writing, talking and reading

3. Hormonal coordination-controlled and coordinated by the endocrine system. Coordinating

body activities like body growth, reproduction, controlling blood concentration and food

digestion.

Why we are required body coordination to functions well?

1. Controls coordination between stimuli and body responses

2. Helping us to avoid injuries or dangers

3. Enables us to adapt to the changes around us.

Characteristics of Human Nervous System:

1. It is divided into central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system

(somatic and autonomic nervous system).

2. The messages carried by the nervous system are electrical signals called impulses.


Nervous system

1. Brain control all activities of body like walking and seeing while spinal cord control the reflex

actions like pulling the hand away when the fingers touch a hot object.

2. Somatic nervous system consists of spinal nerve from spinal cord and cranial nerve from the

brain. They are controls voluntary actions.

3. Autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions like heartbeat.

Neuron

1. There are many types of component of neuron. There are body cell, dendron, dendrite, axon

and myelin sheath.

2. Each of components has their own function. Overall they carry the impulses in human nervous

system.

Lesson 3 : Analyzing Nervous System

1. There are three types of neuron which are sensory neuron, relay neuron and motor neuron.

2. These neuron have the main role to receive and transmit impulses.

3. All receptors and effectors are connected to the nervous system by neurons

3.4 Related Real World, Object, System or Event


System

Both photos show several body activities in one time

Body Coordination??? Let’s force our understanding to appreciate the meaning of life in this

wonderful world. We see with our eyes, smell with our nose, hear with our ears and taste with our

tongue. Our body organs need to function or coordinate in order to detect stimuli and consequently

react towards stimuli around us and in our body. Did you all realize these before? How are we able to

do so many things at the same time? Various parts of our body usually work together to carry out a

task. This is called as body coordination. Our body activities are controlled and regulated by two

systems of coordination, namely the nervous system and endocrine system.

Our sensory organs enable us to know what is happening around us. They convey information about

our surrounding via nerves to our brain. Then the brain then decides how to respond and instruct

certain body parts to do so. The ability to respond appropriately to changes in our surroundings is

important for our survival.

Besides that, can all of us mention one similarity between central nervous system and

peripheral nervous system? Both of them are classified

as human nervous system that is very important in

controlling our body coordination. So that, human

nervous system is a complex communication system in

our body.


At the beginning, the map

concept (diagram 1) is used to

reflect the student knowledge

about the topic before and

future. This map is uses.

The in the empowering, the structure

of neuron (diagram 2) is display by

using this picture. So the student can

draw the structure and labelled it.

Student will understand when looking

the picture. Teacher also can show the

flow of impulses in the picture of

neurone.

3.5 List of Term/ Concept/ Principle/ Law/ Theory


System

1. Body coordination

2. Stimulus

3. Nervous coordination and Hormonal Coordination

4. Central and Peripheral nervous system


1. The central nervous system is the control center of the body.

2. The peripheral nervous system serves to transmit impulses from the sensory organ or receptor

through the central nervous system to the muscle for it to respond.

3. The somatic nervous system controls all the voluntary actions.

4. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions.

5. Neuron is to carry impulses.

6. Neurons have components like body cells, dendron, dendrites, axons and myelin sheath.

7. Body cell contains nucleus and cytoplasm

8. Dendron is a cytoplasm projection which spreads out from the cell body.

9. Dendrite is the small branches of Dendron.

10. Axon is a long projection from the cell body.

11. The myelin sheath is separated by small gaps called nodes of Ranvier.


1. Neuron

2. Impulse

3. Synapse

4. Receptor

5. Effector


1. Receptor

2. Effectors

3. Reflex action

4. Reflex arc

5. Impulse

6. Stimulus

7. Nerve impulse

8. Sense receptor

9. Response

10. Reflex

3.6 Central guiding questions with Scientific Answers

Lesson Plan1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervous

System

Q: What is meant by body coordination?

A: Is the adjustment of our body’s reaction towards any stimulus around us (like temperature change)

and from the inside of our body (like digestion of food)


Q: What is the neurone?

A: Neurone (nerve cell) is a basic unit of the nervous system.

Lesson 3 : Analyzing Nervous system

Q : What is the main function of neurone ?

A : The function of neurone is to carry impulses.


Q : What is the meaning of reflex action?

A : reflex actions are automatic and fast respond of the body towards external stimuli without the

involvement of thinking or cerebrum.

3.7 Mind Map

4.0 TEACHING AID AND LEARNING MATERIALS

4.1 List of Materials, Equipment/ Technology and Material Resources

Lesson Plan1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervous

System

a. Power point slides

b. Video /role play

c. LCD projector

d. White screen

e. White paper

f. charts/model

g. Marker Pen

h. Quizzes/ note sheet and worksheet



b. LCD projector

c. White screen

d. White paper

e. Marker Pen

f. Quizzes

g. Prepared note sheets

h. Mind map



b. Video

c. LCD projector

d. White screen

e. Power supply

f. White board

g. Marker pen

h. Notes on power point slides



b. Video

c. LCD projector

d. White screen

e. White paper

f. Worksheet

5.0 METHODS AND ACTIVITIES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING

5.1 List of Method and Activities of Teaching and Learning


System

PHASE METHOD / ACTIVITY

Engaging

- Demonstration session: a few students are invited to do some activities

like walking, running, dancing and so on in front of the class.

- Whole class question and answer session.

Empowering

- Teacher shows a few pictures to reconstruct the idea of characteristic of

body coordination and component of human nervous system.

- Activities like cross word and answer objective and subjective questions

- Students examine models, view charts and then make the simplest mind

map based on their own understanding. After that, some of them required

to present it clearly and loudly to whole class.

Enhancing

- Problem solving regarding what body coordination is about and its

importance towards our life

- Carry out activities such as making poster related to this subtopic.

- Distribute the prepared note sheet to whole class.

Closing

- Learning outcome review.

- Quiz and teacher gives a worksheet as a homework

- There is some reflection by ask the students what they have been learned



Engaging -Student refers the map concept of nervous system.


Empowering - Teacher shows a picture of neuron

- Student draw the structure and labeled of neuron

Enhancing-teacher divide student into 4 groups

-student discuss the poll questions with groups

-student present their answer and bushes by the teacher

Closing -Learning outcome review.

- Quiz between groups.

- Teacher gives a worksheet as a homework



Engaging - Student watching a short video clip on neurone.


Empowering- Teacher shows a few pictures to reconstruct the idea of different types of

neurones.

- Student investigation on the types of neurones.

Enhancing - Problem solving regarding the function of each neurone.

Closing




- Teacher assigns students to read the next chapter



Engaging

- Student interpret the picture that related to reflex action.


Empowering - Teacher shows a few pictures to reconstruct the idea of reflex action

- Student investigation on the reflex arc on the reflex action.

Enhancing - Problem solving regarding reflex action

Closing




5.2 Time-Line

Week 1 2

Time

Subtopic1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1. Understanding body

coordination

2. Understanding the human

nervous system

3. Analysing nervous coordination

6.0 LIST OF ASSESMENT, ACTIVITY AND RESOURCE.

6.1 List of Assessment and the Product

Lesson Plan1: Understanding Body Coordination and Component Parts of the Human Nervous System

Assessment Activity Resource

Formative assessment

- Teacher gives worksheet as homework exercises to the

students at the end of the lesson and the marks will be

taking into account as monthly test marks for summative

assessment.

- Teacher collects poster project of students and give the

suitable marks

Worksheet

Poster project

Assessment for learning

- Teacher asks question verbally in the class or give short

quizzes.

- Teacher gives the worksheet to students during

application phase.

- Teacher give note sheet and power point slide related to

this topic during empowering session

Worksheet

Prepared note sheet

Power point slide:

APPENDIX



Formative assessment - Teacher gives worksheet as homework

exercises to the students at the end of the

lesson and the marks will be taking into

account as monthly test marks for

summative assessment.

Worksheet

Assessment for learning - Teacher gives some questions to reflect

the student knowledge about the topic.

- Teacher ask student to draw the neurone

diagram

- Teacher give questions for each groups

and student will discuss in groups.

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

Appendix 3



Formative assessment - Student watching a short video clip on

neurone.

- Teacher asks the student about the main

role of neurone.

.

Video

Whole class question and answer

session

Assessment for learning - Student identify on the types of neurone.

- Explaining the function of each neurone.

- A student will be asked to read the

meaning of receptor and effector.

- Group discussion on solving the

worksheet.


- A task on reading the next sub topic.

Worksheet

Power point

Lesson plan 4 : Analysing nervous coordination

Assessment activity Resources

Formative assessment -Teacher gives worksheet as quiz to the

students at the end of the lessons and the

marks will be taking for summative

assessment.

Worksheet

APPENDIX 4

Assessment for learning -Teacher gives some questions to reflect

the students knowledge about the topic.

-Teacher asks students to draw the

pathway of the impulse.

-Teacher gives question and students will

be discuss in groups.

Worksheet

APPENDIX 1

6.2 Table of Specification Test

MULTIPLE CHOICE

TOTALKno

wle

dge

Com

preh

ensi

on

App

licat

ion

Ana

lysi

s

Synt

hesi

s

Eva

luat

ion

stru

ctur

e

Ess

ay

Understanding

Body Coordination3 2 1 2 8 3

Understanding The

Human Nervous

System

5 4 2 4 3 2 20 3 1

Analysing Nervous

System2 2

TOTAL 8 6 3 6 3 2 28 8 3

SUBTOPIC

LEARNING OUTCOMES

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Kno

wle

dge

Com

preh

e

nsio

n

App

licat

io

n Ana

lysi

s

Synt

hesi

s

Eva

luat

ion

stru

ctur

e

Ess

ay

% of question(28.6%) (21.4%) (10.7%) (21.4%) (10.7%) (7.1%)

SUBTOPICSUBTOPIC

LEARNING OUTCOMESLEARNING OUTCOMES

6.3 Rubric for Lesson Plan 1

RUBRIC FOR POSTER-

BODY COORDINATION & COMPONENT OF HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM

MARKS:

Name: ___________________________________________

Class: ________________________

CATEGORY

Grading Scale/Indicators

4 3 2 1 SCORE

REQUIRED ELEMENTS The poster includes

all required

elements as well as

additional

information.

All required elements

are included on the

poster.

All but 1 of the

required elements

are included on the

poster.

Several required

elements were

missing.

LABELS All items of

importance on the

poster are clearly

labeled with labels

that can be read

from at least 3 ft.

away.

Almost all items of

importance on the

poster are clearly

labeled with labels

that can be read from

at least 3 ft. away.

Many items of

importance on the

poster are clearly

labeled with labels

that can be read

from at least 3 ft.

away.

Labels are too

small to view OR

no important

items were

labeled.

GRAPHICS -

RELEVANCE

All graphics are

related to the topic

and make it easier to

understand. All

borrowed graphics

have a source

citation.

All graphics are

related to the topic and

most make it easier to

understand. Some

borrowed graphics

have a source citation.

All graphics relate

to the topic. One or

two borrowed

graphics have a

source citation.

Graphics do not

relate to the topic

OR several

borrowed

graphics do not

have a source

citation.

ATTRACTIVENESS The poster is

exceptionally

attractive in terms

of design, layout,

and neatness.

The poster is attractive

in terms of design,

layout and neatness.

The poster is

acceptably attractive

though it may be a

bit messy.

The poster is

distractingly

messy or very

poorly designed.

It is not attractive.

GRAMMAR There are no

grammatical/mecha

nical mistakes on

the poster.

There are 1-2

grammatical/mechanic

al mistakes on the

poster.

There are 3-4

grammatical/mecha

nical mistakes on

the poster.

There are more

than 4

grammatical/mec

hanical mistakes

on the poster.

TOTAL SCORE

6.4 Assessment

Lesson Plan 1

1.1 QUIZ 1: Cross Word.

Complete the following question by finding the answer on cross word sheet given.

1. Two types of body coordination ____________________ and ___________________.

2. The spinal nerve connects the spinal cord with parts of the body like limbs ___________,

______________ and __________________

3. Our body possesses a complex communication system, that is _____________________.

4. The central nervous system is the control centre of the body, meanwhile peripheral nervous

system function is to transmit ____________ from the sensory organ through the central

nervous system to the muscle for it to respond accordingly, or to the gland to produce the

required secretion.

5. The spinal cord controls the ____________ actions like pulling the hand away when the

fingers touch a hot object

6. The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic and _______________ nervous

system.

7. Brain is the master organ of coordination. What part of the brain which is if IT is hurt during

an accident or affected due to the effects of alcohol and drugs, a person cannot balance his/her

body and his/her movement becomes uncoordinated.

8. The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to

__________________ and __________________ stimuli.

S K I N A Z B I L A S U L

A S A E Y R Y H K U E A W

E T Z M W R N E D T N U R

H U G O C D E W T O E Q T

O C H D V T R T M N R H S

I E U B H U V R E O T U C

M R I A J I O E Z M U Y X

M E O S L H U R O I I T E

N B T T O A S T I C O A L

Y E T S I S F T Y I P Z F

T L L S Y L A N R E T X E

I L L A R S Z T U I L E R

E U I E E B S S X A E I X

S M S S D A P U N E S U K

H E M L G I M R O Y D T L

Z W N U T U E R T V C G O

X Q J P R T E V H U R E R

C S K M N A E Q R Z S E E

H T L I A E R B V Y I P N

1.2 QUIZ 2: OBJECTIVE AND STRUCTURE QUESTION

Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four alternative answer, A, B, C, or D. For each

question, choose one answer only

1. Which of the following is meant by body coordination?

A. Coordination of the body’s response towards any stimuli

B. Coordination of the body that is controlled by endocrine system

C. Coordination of the body that is controlled by brain only

D. Coordination of the body’s towards position and balance

2. Which of the following is true regarding the human nervous system?

A. Cranial nerves are peripheral nerves of the brain.

B. A neurone is the basic unit of the nervous system.

C. The spinal nerves send impulses from the spinal cord to the brain.

D. The peripheral nervous system links receptors and effectors to the central nervous system.

3. The peripheral nervous system consists of cranial nerves which emerge from the brain and the

spinal nerves which arise from the spinal cord. Which of the following emerge from the brain?

A. Peripheral nerves

B. Cranial nerve

C. Spinal nerves

D. Motor nerves

4. Which of the following made up the central nervous system?

I Spinal chord

II Cranial nerves

III Brain

IV Spinal nerves

A. I and II

B. I and III

C. II and III

D. II and IV

5. Which of the following shows the difference between the nervous system and endocrine system?

Endocrine system Nervous System

A The response is fast The response is slow

B Message sent are in the form of hormone Message sent are in the form of impulse

C The effect short-lived The effect long lasting

D Response are more localized such as glands

and muscles

Response are wide spread such as whole

body

6. A receptor detects stimulus from the environment. Which part detect stimulus?

A. responses

B. receptors

C. effectors

D. stimuli

7. Changes in the environment is known as

A. responses

B. receptors

C. effectors

D. stimuli

8. The action that is done with consciousness and according to our will is known as

A. reflex action

B. voluntary action

C. involuntary action

D. unconscious action

ANSWER:

1.D 6.B

2.D 7.D

3.C 8.B

4.B

5.B

1.3

1. Complete the following space using the suitable words given.

Body coordination is a life process that involves harmonious functioning of interrelated

____________and parts in the body to produce a coordinated response.

A stimulus is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. It evokes a

____________.

Two body systems that control and regulate coordination are:_____________ and

_____________.

The ___________nervous system which consists of the brain and spinal cord.

The _____________nervous system which consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves.

The nervous system handles fast and short responses which involve the transmission of

electrical ___________

2. Underline the correct answers about body coordination and human nervous system.

Nervous system endocrine system response impulse peripheral central organs

The brain is an organ that is the centre of control and coordination in the (nervous

system / endocrine system)

Response is an action or movement as a result of (stimulus / sense)

The peripheral nervous system is the network of (impulse / nerves) which connects the

central nervous system with other parts of the body.

Cranial nerves composed of (7 / 12) pairs of nerves which originate from the brain and

are connected to sense organs in the head and neck, and also to effectors such as the

muscles or glands in the body cavity.

The spinal cord controls reflex action (yes / no).

Spinal nerves are composed of 31 pairs of nerves which originate from spinal cord and

are connected to sense organs and (receptors / effectors) in the whole body including

hands and legs.

ANSWER:

1. Complete the space:

Organs

response

Nervous system , endocrine system

Central

Peripheral

Impulse

Lesson Plan 2

2. Underline the correct answer

Nervous syatem

Stimulus

Nerves

7

Yes

effectors

2.1 Summative Assessment

Objective question (Lesson Plan 2)

1. What is the organ controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

A. Brain

B. Spinal cord

C. Liver

D. Limbs

2. What is the function and example of spinal nerve?

A. Controls voluntary actions like talking, smelling and seeing

B. Controls voluntary actions like walking, scratching and running

C. Controls involuntary actions like heartbeat and contraction of blood vessels

D. Controls involuntary actions like gasping, laughing and yawning

3. The somatic nervous system consist of the

A. Spinal nerve and sensory organs

B. Spinal nerve and peripheral nervous system

C. Cranial nerve and spinal nerve

D. Cranial nerve and autonomic nervous system

4. Central nervous system consist of the

A. Brain and spinal cord

B. Brain and spinal nerve

C. Brain and cranial nerve

D. Spinal nerve and cranial nerve

5. What is P and Q?

P Q

A Peripheral nervous

system

Central nervous system

B Central nervous system Peripheral nervous

system

C Peripheral nervous

system

Cranial nerves

D Central nervous system Spinal nerves

Answer question 6, 7 and 8 by referring the picture 1

Picture 1

6. What is J?

A. Spinal cord

B. Cranial nerve

C. Brain

D. Peripheral nerve

7. What is the function of K?

A. Control all activities

B. Control the reflex actions

C. Control center of body

D. Control unreflex actions

8. L connects K with parts of the body. What is the part of body?

A. Blood vessels

B. Skin

C. Neck

D. Heart

9. What is the function of neurone?

A. Carry reactions

B. Carry impulses

C. Control center of body

D. Control activities

10. There are the components in neurone. EXCEPT.

A. Cell body

B. Axon

C. Dendron

D. Effector

11. Cell body contains of

A. Axon

B. Dendrite

C. Cytoplasm

D. Insulating membrane

12. What happens when degeneration of myelin sheath occurs?

A. Increase the speed of impulses

B. the leakage of impulses occur

C. impulses can jump from one node of Ranvier to another

D. all activities of neurone will be control

13. What is the function of axon?

A. Carry impulses towards cell body

B. Carry impulses out of cell body

C. Transmit impulses to cell body

D. Receive impulses from other neurone

Answer question 14 and 15 by referring the picture 2.

14. What is Y?

A. Dendron

B. Axon

C. Dendrite

D. Myelin sheath

15. The function of Z?

A. Carry reactions of body

B. Control all activities of neurone

C. Carry impulses

D. Control center of body

ANSWER :

1. D 6. C 11.C

2. A 7.B 12.B

3. B 8.B 13.B

4. A 9.B 14.C

5. A 10.D 15.B

Lesson Plan 3

3.1 QUIZ

1. Which one is motor neurone ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

2. Neurone that carry stimuli to the central nervous system is referred to as

A. motor nuerone

B. association neuron

C. relay neurone

D. sensory neurone

3. Diagram 1 shows a type of neurone.

Diagram 1

The neurone carries an impulse from the

A. central nervous system to the receptor

B. receptor to the central nervous system

C. effector to the central nervous system

D. central nervous system to the effector

4. The information below shows the parts that are involved in a reflex arc.

J – Effector

K – Receptor

L – Sensory neurone

M – Motor neurone

N – Relay neurone

Which of the following impulse pathways is correct ?

A. J L N M K

B. K L N M J

C. K M N L J

D. L M N K J

5. ___________ is a cell in the sensory organ which detects the stimuli resulting from the

changes in the surrounding while __________ is an organ which responds to the stimuli.

A. receptor ; effector

B. effector ; receptor

C. neurone ; effector

D. receptor ; neurone

ANSWER :

1. B

2. D

3. B

4. B

5. A

3.2 Worksheet.

1. What is neurone ?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. What are the similarities between the three types of neurone ?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

3. Fill in the table below.

Structure

Position of cell bodyIn the middle of

neurone

Length of axon Long

Movement of

impulse

From the sensory

neurone to the motor

neurone in the central

nervous system.

Function

Carries impluses from

sensory organ / receptor

to central nervous

system.

Answer :

1. Neurone is the basic unit of nervous system.

2. a) each has a cell body containing nucleus, dendron, dendrite and axon.

b) the main role is to receive and transmit impulses.

3. Fill in the table below.

Structure

Position of cell bodyIn the middle of

neuroneAt the centre of neurone. At the end of neurone.

Length of axon Short Changes Long

Movement of

impulse

From the sensory organ/

the receptor to the

central nervous system.

From the sensory

neurone to the motor

neurone in the central

nervous system.

From the relay

neurone going out

from the central

nervous system to the

muscle / effector.

Function

Carries impluses from

sensory organ / receptor

to central nervous

system.

Transmit impulses from

sensory neurone to motor

neurone.

Transmits impulses

from central nervous

system (brain/spinal

cord) to effector

(muscle/gland)

Lesson Plan 4

4.1 Worksheet

When a person touches a hot pot, a reflex action is shown.

Figure 2.1

a) What is a reflex action?

b) What is the importance of a person’s ability to carry out reflex actions?

c) Complete the reflex arc in Figure 2.1 and label its parts.

d) What is the effectors in this reflex action?

e) Explain how nerve impulse is transmitted to produce the reflex action?

Answer

a) A reflex action, also known as a reflex, is a rapid and autonomic response to a stimulus.

b) The importance of a person’s ability to carry out reflex actions is for protection.

c)

d) The effectors in this reflex actions is muscle.

e) In a simple reflex arc, a stimulus is detected by a receptor cell, which synapses with a sensory

neurone. The sensory neurone carries the impulse from site of the stimulus to the central nervous

system (the brain or spinal cord), where it synapses with an interneurone. The interneurone synapses

with a motor neurone, which carries the nerve impulse out to an effector, such as a muscle, which

responds by contracting.

4.2 Assessment

Fill in the blanks

1. The cells and organs that receive internal and external stimuli are called _______.

2. Their function is to receive information from the _______ and _______ environment.

3. ________ is a rapid automatic and involuntary response to a stimulus which is not under the

control of the brain.

4. A knee jerk, coughing, yawning, blinking of eyes, sneezing, salivation, movement of diaphragm

during breathing are all examples of _________.

5. The nerve pathway involved in a reflex action is called a _________.

Label the diagram below:

ANSWER:

a

e d

b

c

hi

g

f

Fill in the blanks:

1.receptors

2.internal, external

3.reflex action

4. reflex actions

5. reflex arc

Label the diagram:

a. dorsal root

b. cell body of sensory neuron

c. sensory neuron

d. receptor

e. interneuron

f. motor neuron

g. vental root

h. cell body of motor neuron

i. effector

LESSON 1: UNDERSTANDING BODY COORDINATION AND COMPONENT PARTS OF

THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM

Subject : Science

Class : Form 4 Alfa

Date : 5 October 2011

Time : 8.20 am – 9.00 am (40 minutes)

No. of students : 30 students

Learning Area : Body Coordination

Learning Objective : 1.1 Understanding Body Coordination

1.2 Understanding the Human Nervous System

Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, a student is able to:


1. Describe what body coordination.

2. Identify the body systems that control and regulate coordination.

3. State the importance of body coordination.

4. Identify the component parts of the human nervous system.


1. Draw the mind map about the relationship of body coordination and example of

daily life’s activities

2. Give some respond after watching video related to body coordination and

human nervous system.

3. Complete the poster task about the body coordination and human nervous

system regarding their own creativity after some guidelines is given to them

4. Organize the part of central and peripheral nervous system


1. Be actively participate in carrying out role play activity based on agreed

upon procedures as a team

2. Appreciate the value of time by carrying out the role play briskly and

being on task all the time

3. Able to make correlation between the importances of body coordination

in our sustainable life.

4. Be rational to explain what body coordination is about.

Scientific concept:

Body Coordination:

- The term coordination:- the act or state of coordinating or of being coordinated. It is also refer

to proper order or relationship

- Harmonious combination or interaction, as of functions or parts.

- So that, body coordination is about various parts of our body usually work together towards

any stimulus around us and from the inside of our body.

The human nervous system:

i. Central nervous system

ii. Peripheral nervous system

The message carried by the nervous system are electrical signals called impulses.

Materials, equipments and resource materials:

a. Power point slides ( 1 unit )

b. Video/ role play

c. LCD projector

d. White screen

e. White paper (12 unit )

f. Charts/model (2 unit )

g. Marker Pen (3 boxes)

h. Quizzes/ Note sheet and worksheet

Consideration of Safety Precautions:

All task especially simple role play and poster during learning and learning time is conducted

in comfortable space. This enables the movement of students without any problems.

Prior Knowledge:

1.1

- Basic knowledge about body coordination has been introduced in form 3.

- Body coordination involves in every human body activities.

- All our body system is able to work together harmoniously.

- Brain is the master organ of coordination.

- Nervous system and endocrine system are responsible in regulating and coordinating our

body activities.

1.2

- Our body possesses a complex communication system that is nervous system.

- Human nervous system is divided into two major component which are central and peripheral

nervous system.

- The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to

internal and external stimuli.

Phase Content Teaching and Learning Activities Notes

Teacher Activities Student Activities

Introduction

/Eliciting Ideas

(10 minutes)

Examples of body

coordination and its

characteristics

Make connection to

students’ prior knowledge

on body coordination by

showing the related video

and model.

Elicit students’ ideas about

characteristics of body

coordination by asking

question.

Guide student to form 6

groups consist of 5

students respectively. Each

group should have

combination of boys and

girls. So that teacher able

to evaluate communication

skill and how collecting

Students watching the

video.

After that, a few of

students come in front of

the class to make some

role play such dancing,

standing on one leg

blindfolded and running

on the spot for a few

minutes.

Students respond to

teacher’s questions

Resources: video and 3-

D model

Strategy/Technique:

Whole class Q&A

ideas is doing regarding

the task

Structuring/

Restructuring of

Ideas

(20 minutes)

Characteristics of body

coordination:

- Body coordination is

divided into nervous

coordination and

hormonal coordination.

- Nervous coordination-

controlled and

coordinated by the

nervous system.

Coordinating body

activities like walking,

looking, writing, talking

and reading

- Hormonal coordination-

controlled and

coordinated by the

endocrine system.

Coordinating body

Show a few pictures

related to learning

objectives. Then ask

students what body

coordination is about and

is it give some relationship

with their own daily life?

Ask a central guiding

questions:

(refer Appendix 1.1)

The student is sitting in the

group formed while the

lecture is given to them.

After 15 minute lecture,

each group will get one

piece of white paper and 3

different colour of marker

pen:- poster time.

Students make an

observation and

conclusion on the

characteristics of body

coordination.

Students make an

analyzing about the

differences between

components of human

nervous system.

Complete the task on

poster. Use their own

creative on how to

demonstrate the

connection of body

coordination, human

nervous system with their

daily life.

Find the answer for

Resources:

1. Power point slide

2. White paper and

maker pen

3. Quiz sheet

An inquiry activity in

groups.

Noble values: Participate

actively, appreciate the

value of time

activities like body

growth, reproduction,

and food digestion.

Components of human

nervous system:

- It is divided into central

nervous system (brain

and spinal cord) and

peripheral nervous

system (somatic and

autonomic nervous

system).

- The messages carried

by the nervous system

are electrical signals

called impulses.

ACTIVITY 1: POSTER

QUIZ 1: CROSS

WORD

Guide student to make

their creative poster. The

time taken to complete this

task is about 10 minutes.

The selective group will

present their work.

QUIZ 1: CROSS WORD

(Refer Appendix 1.2)

question given on quiz

sheet.

Application of

Ideas

(10 minutes)

Two stimulus picture is

given:

ACTIVITY 2: MIND

MAP

QUIZ 2: objective and

subjective questions

Show another two stimulus

picture in order to see

either student have

understanding in doing

connection between

several types of pictures.

Some explaination is given

(refer Appendix 1.3 )

Guide activity 2: mind

map, the mind map should

contain example of what

they have to jot down,

importance of body

coordination and human

nervous system. (group

work)

Gives quiz sheet to

students.

(refer Appendix 1.4)

Student complete mind

map task only in 5

minutes: this task

responsible to see either

student have ability to

organize the input related

to learning objectives in

short time.

Students organize their

understanding by answer

quiz 2.

Strategy/Techniques

Group discussion

Resources:

1. Power point

slides

2. Quiz sheet

3. White paper

Noble value

Students participate in

the quiz and group work

Reflection/

Closure

(5 minutes)

Make some reflection on

body coordination and

human nervous system

Review LOs

Make an oral quiz between

groups.

Assigns homework

exercise by giving

worksheets: structured

question

(refer to Appendix 1.5)

Students participate in the

quiz.

Resources: Power point

slides and worksheet.

Rancangan Pengajaran Harian 2:


Subject : Science

Class : Form 4 Alfa







Learning objective : The function of human nervous system and component of neurone

At the end of this lesson students should be able to:


1) Specify the functions of each component of the nervous system.

2) States what is nervous system

3) Identify the neurons

4) Provide the functions of each type of neuron


1) be able to see parts of the nervous system of the human body.

2) to label and draw the structure of neurons

3) to differentiate the functions of the neurons in the


1) can take care of your body organs to function properly

2) does not do the activities that can harm the body.

3) Caring for each part of the body.

Scientific concept: The function of nervous system and component of neurone

1. The central nervous system is the control centre of the body.

2. The peripheral nervous system serves to transmit impulses from the sensory organ or receptor

through the central nervous system to the muscle for it to respond.

3. The somatic nervous system controls all the voluntary actions.

4. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions.

5. Neuron is to carry impulses.

6. Neurons have components like body cells, dendron, dendrites, axons and myelin sheath.

7. Body cell contains nucleus and cytoplasm

8. Dendron is a cytoplasm projection which spreads out from the cell body.

9. Dendrite is the small branches of Dendron.

10. Axon is a long projection from the cell body.

11. The myelin sheath is separated by small gaps called nodes of Ranvier.

List of Materials, Equipment/ Technology and Material Resources

The prior knowledge of student:

- Students can identify the major component of human nervous system

- Student can give the example of activities that involve in the nervous system

- Neurone is the new topic to student

Power point slides

LCD projector

White screen

White paper-4paper

Marker Pen-4

Quizzes

Prepared note sheets

Mind map

Phase Content Teaching and Learning Activities Note

Teacher activity Student activity

Introduction

/Eliciting Ideas

(5 minutes)

Structure and function

of the nervous system;-

a) central nervous system

-body control centers

b) peripheral nervous

system

-transmit impulses from

sense organs to the muscles

for the reaction.

Neurons

-carry impulses

1) Teacher provides a concept

map about the topic that will

be learn to look back

student’s knowledge about

the topic before.

1) Teacher explains the

function of each system.

2) Teacher gives circulation

questions to student about

their understanding for the

topic that they learned.

1) Students give

respond and

remember the

previous topic.

2) Students can

express each function

of the nervous system.

3) Student can fill in the

blanks provided exactly.

Refer to-

Diagram 1

SPS

Relating

Communicating

Inferring

Appendix 1

Structuring/ Structure and function 1) Teacher explains the 1) Students can list the Slide power point

Restructuring of

Ideas

(10 minutes)

of the nervous system;-

a) Central nervous

system consists of

i. Brain-control

all body activities

ii. Spinal cord-

control reflexes

b) Peripheral nervous

system consists of

i. Somatic nervous

system – controls all

the voluntary actions

i. Autonomic nervous

system –controls all

the involuntary actions

Neurone consist of

a) Cell body-contains

nucleus and cytoplasm

b) Dendron-a cytoplasm

function of the components

in the central nervous system

and peripheral nerves by

showing a chart of the

system.

2) Teachers show

the diagram of

component neurons.

3) Teacher gives the structural

component of neuron and

asking students to draw and

label the structure in 3

minutes.

functions of each

component of the

nervous system.

2) Students can identify the

components and labeled

it.

3) Students can draw and

label correctly each

neuron structure. Diagram 2

Appendix 2

Technique:

projection which

spreads out from the

cell body

c) Dendrit-the small

branches of Dendron

d) Axon- a long projection

from the cell body

e) Myelin sheath-

separated by small gaps

called nodes of Ranvier

Recall skills that are

taught.

Application of

Ideas

(10 minutes)

Functions of each

component in the structure

of neurons is;

1) Cell body- control all

activities of neurons

2) Dendron -

dendrites that carry imp

ulses toward

the body cell

3) Dendrite -

receive impulses from

other neurons and send

to the body cell

1) Teacher explains the

function of each

component in the structure

of neurons by referring at the

diagram.

2) Teachers try to show the

movement of impulses to

make students better

understands the functions of

each component.

1) Students look at a

diagram of the

structure while understa

nding its function.

2) Students understand

the teacher’s explanation

and write the important

note.

Appendix 2

4) Axon-

dendrites that carry imp

ulses from the body cell

5) Myelin sheath-insulator

on axon that prevents

the leakage of

impulses. It also

increases the speed of

impulse transmission.

Application of

Ideas

( 10 minutes)

Group activities 1) Teacher divides students

into four groups.

2) Teacher asks

every groups to have their

leader and the leader have to

come front to do the voted

questions

3) Teacher distributes a paper fo

r each group’s question to be

resolved within 5 minutes.

1) Students travel to four se

parate groups

2) Students vote to

appoint the

head and pull out the

questions.

3) Students are required

to discuss in their

groups.

Appendix 3

An inquiry activity

group

4) Teachers monitor student

activities.

4) Students present the

result in class and

bushes by the teacher.

Reflection/ Closure

(5 minutes)

Quiz questions

1. What the functions of

peripheral nervous system?

2. Central nervous consists

of?

3. Give the component of

neurone and state their

functions.

1) Teachers assess students'

understanding by giving

a short quiz.

2) Show a summary of the

main ideas in the slide.

3) Give a reading assignment

for the next title of the types

of neurons.

Students discuss in groups

to answer the quiz and

conclude the lesson

by stating the main

idea and

communicating with the

original idea.

Appendix 4

Strategy:

Questioning the whole

class

Teaching resouces:

slaid PP

SPS

Communicating

Lesson plan 3 :

Subject : Science

Class : Form 4 Alfa










1. List the types of neurone.

2. Explain the function for each type of neurone.

3. Compare and contrast the three types of neurone.

4. Define the meaning of receptor and effector.


1. Draw a labelled diagram of the sensory neurone, motor neurone and relay neuron.

2. Discuss in a group the function of each type of neurone and also the similarities and difference.

Then students must present their work in the class.


1. Be actively participate in doing team work.

2. Appreciate the value of time to discuss the task given.

3. Being cooperate with the other students

Phase ContentTeaching and Learning Activities

NotesTeacher Activities Student Activities

Introduction/

Eliciting Ideas

(10 minutes)

The main role of neurone

in human nervous system.

Make connection to students’

prior knowledge by showing

the related video.

Elicit students’ ideas about

the main role of neurone by

asking question.

Students watching

the video.

Students respond

to teacher’s

questions.

Resources: Video

Strategy/Technique: Whole

class Q&A

Structuring/

Restructuring of

There are three types of

neurone :

Show the concept map and a

diagram of three neurone to

Students indentify

the three types of


slide

Ideas

(40 minutes)

a) Sensory neurone

b) Relay neurone

c) Motor neurone

The function of each

neurone is :

a) Sensory neurone –

carries impulse from

sensory organ or

receptor to central

nervous system.

b) Relay neurone –

transmits impulses

from sensory neurone

to motor neurone.

the student.

Teacher explains the function

of each neurone by referring

to the notes on the slide.

Teacher asked a student to

read the definition of receptor

and effector to the class.

neurone based on

its diagram.

Students jot down

the additional

point on the notes

given.

Students may ask

the question

related to the

neurone.

A student reads the

definition of

c) Motor neurone –

transmits impulses

from central nervous

system to effector.

The meaning of :

a) Receptor – a cell in

the sensory organ

which detects stimuli

resulting from the

changes in the

surroundings.

receptor and

effector, then

explain it to the

class.

b)

c) Effector – an organ

which responds to the

stimuli.

Application of

Ideas

(20 minutes)

Divide the students into

groups and then gives

worksheet to them.

Students do the

worksheet in

groups.

Strategy/

Techniques :

Group discussion

Noble values: Participate

actively, appreciate the

value of time

Resources:

Power point slides and

worksheet.

Reflection/

Closure

(10 minutes)

Review learning outcomes.

Make a short quiz between

groups.

Assigns a task by reading the

next sub topic which is the

function of receptors and

effectors.

Students

participate in the

quiz.



Rancangan Pengajaran Harian 4:

LESSON 2 : ANALYSING NERVOUS COORDINATION

Subject : Science

Class : Form 4 Alfa







Learning Objective : 1. Analysing nervous coordination

Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, a student is able to:


State the function of receptors and effectors

1. Explain with examples what a reflex action is

2. Describe a reflex arc

3. Illustrate the path taken by an impulse in the reflex arc.


1. Solve the problems that related to nervous coordination in groups.

C: Demonstrate Scientific Attitude and Noble Values

1. Being thankful to God

2. Thinking responsible about the safety of oneself, others and the environment

3. Being confident and independent

Scientific concept:

The pathway of impulse in the nervous coordination

Stimulus receptors central nervous system effector response

A rapid and autonomic response to a stimulate is called a reflex action

A reflex action that can be carried out rapidly because impulses go through a very short part is called

reflex arc.

Materials, equipments and resource materials:

Powerpoint slide

worksheet

Prior Knowledge:

The students has already learned about the component of human nervous system, part of neurone, and

also learned function of each type of neurone.

Phase Content Teaching and Learning Activities Notes

Teacher Activities Students Activities

Introduction/Eliciting

Ideas

(10 minutes)

What happen when we

sneezing, and coughing?

Make connection to

students’ prior knowledge

on reflection by showing

the related picture

(refer to APPENDIX 1)

Elicit students’ ideas

about what is reflex

action by asking question

Students observe the

picture

Students respond to

teacher’s questions

Resources: Picture

Strategy/Technique:

Whole class Q&A

Structuring/ 1. State the function of Explain what is means by Resources: Power point

Restructuring of

Ideas

(40 minutes)

receptors and effectors

2. Describe the reflex arc

-A simple reflex produces

a very fast motor response

to a stimulus because the

sensory neuron bringing

information about the

stimulus passes the

information directly to the

motor neuron.

3. Illustrate the path

taken by an impulse in

the reflex arc

receptors, effector, reflex

action, and reflex

referring to the slide.

Give a picture of a person

touches a hot iron.


Asks the students to show

the pathway of impulse

Students make an

observation and

conclusion on the

picture given.

Students answer all the

question.

Students show the

pathway of impulse.

slide

Application of Ideas How sweating do happen? Show problems on slides. Students solve problems Strategy/Techniques

(10 minutes)

Gives worksheet to

students.

(refer to APPENDIX)

in groups Group discussion

Resources:

Power point slides and

worksheet

Reflection/

Closure

(5 minutes)

a) Receptors are sensory

cells found in our

sensory organs.

b) Effectors is the

response

c) Reflex arc is a reflex

action that can be

carried our rapidly

because impulses go

through a very short

path.

Review LOs

Make a quiz between

groups.

Assigns homework

exercise by giving

worksheets.


Students participate in

the quiz.



Appendix

Lesson Plan 1:

APPENDIX 1.1

Q: What is meant by body coordination?

A: Is the adjustment of our body’s reaction towards any stimulus around us (like

temperature change) and from the inside of our body (like digestion of food).

Q: State the activities regulated and coordinated between nervous system and endocrine

system.

A:

Nervous system controls: Endocrine system controls:

- Senses

- Memory and thinking

- Speech

- Growth

- Sexual maturation

- Level of glucose in blood

- Voluntary actions and physical

movements

- Involuntary actions such as

breathing, heartbeat and digestion

- Amount of water in the body

Q: For our body to function well, the conditions inside our body must be kept constant at

all time. This requires coordination among various parts of the body. Give one example to

show this harmonious interaction. Explain your answer.

A: Temperature changes- when it is cold, our hair will stand to trap thicker layer of air as

insulation. At the same time less blood will flow to the surface of the body to cut down

heat loss.

APPENDIX 1.2

Both photos show several body activities in one time

Body Coordination??? Let’s force our understanding to appreciate the meaning of life in this

wonderful world. We see with our eyes, smell with our nose, hear with our ears and taste with our

tongue. Our body organs need to function or coordinate in order to detect stimuli and consequently

react towards stimuli around us and in our body. Did you all realize these before? How are we able to

do so many things at the same time? Various parts of our body usually work together to carry out a

task. This is called as body coordination. Our body activities are controlled and regulated by two

systems of coordination, namely the nervous system and endocrine system.

Our sensory organs enable us to know what is happening around us. They convey information about

our surrounding via nerves to our brain. Then the brain then decides how to respond and instruct

certain body parts to do so. The ability to respond appropriately to changes in our surroundings is

important for our survival.

Besides that, can all of us mention one similarity between central nervous system

and

peripheral nervous system? Both of them are

classified as human nervous system that is very important

in controlling our body coordination. So that, human

nervous system is a complex communication system in

our body.

APPENDIX 1.3

STRUCTURE QUESTION:

Answer all the question below:

1. Why is body coordination important to us? Explain

___________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]

2. Diagram below shows the part of central nervous system

R: ………………………….

S

U

T: ………………………………..

a) Name R and T in the space provided above.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]

b) i) State one function of R

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

ii) Give one example of an action that is controlled by S and U respectively

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

[2 mark]

Lesson Plan 2:

APPENDIX 2.1

System Function

Peripheral nervous system 1. …………………………………………

…………………………………………

2. ………………………….. Carry impulses

3. ………………….………. body control centers

APPENDIX 2.2

Draw and label the structure of neurons as components of a given

APPENDIX 2.3

Cell body

DendritDendron

Myelin sheathAxon

Group Answer

1 Your group will describe examples of the activities of

the nervous system and draw and label the neurons

2 Your group will explain the functions and parts

of central nervous system

3 Your group will explain the function and parts

of peripheral nervous system

4 Your group will explain the functions and components

of neurons

Lesson Plan 4:

APPENDIX 4.1

I’m suffering!

How could this happen?

Do we can control it?

How is sneezing happen?

Sneezing is a largely reflexive act that usually occurs when something irritates your nasal

passageways. As with all reflexes, sneezing involves a reflex arc consisting of a receptor, a sensory

nerve, an integration center, a motor nerve and an effectors. Here's what happens:

The receptors, which are nerve endings in your nasal passageways, detect an irritant. This

irritant might be an unusual smell, dust, animal dander, pepper, viruses that attack the mucous

membranes or a variety of other substances.

Nerves carry these impulses to the sneezing center in your brain stem.

The sneezing center sends its instructions along your facial nerve and the nerves that lead to

your lungs and diaphragm.

Your eyes start to water, and your nasal passageways secrete fluid. Your diaphragm moves abruptly,

causing you to take a deep breath. Then, it and the muscles in your chest contract, causing the air to

leave your nose and mouth suddenly and rapidly.

http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/cellular-microscopic/virus-human.htm

How is coughing happen?

The cough reflex arc is complex . Controlled by its nerve center in the medulla, the reflex arc is served

by afferent fibers of the vagus, trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, and phrenic nerves.Stimuli to tissue

innervated by these nerves may precipitate the cough response.

Cough receptors are located in the bronchi, diaphragm, external auditory canal, larynx, nose, paranasal

sinuses , pericardium, pharynx, pleura, stomach, trachea and tympanic membrane.

The efferent pathway of this arc stems from the medullary center through the vagus, phrenic, and

spinal motor nerves, which innervate the intrinsic and accessory muscles of respiration.

The act of coughing involves synchronous participation of a number of muscles during the inspiratory

and expiratory phases.

During inspiration, the glottis opens, bronchioles enlarge, and lungs expand with the help of the

diaphragm and the thoracic and abdominal muscles. Thus, the lungs are stretched and ready for recoil.

Frequent, paroxysmal coughing is particularly distressing to patients and others in their environment

and disrupts work and sleep.

Conclusion

Reflex action Stimulus Receptor Response

Coughing and

sneezing.

Irritant material

on mucosa of

airways

Chemoreceptors Sudden contraction of diaphragm and

internal intercostal muscles causing a

violent expiration to blow irritant

material out.

APPENDIX 4.2

Sweat is a great cooling system....

What happen if you sweating a lot on a hot day?

or after playing hard?

ANSWER:

If you sweating a lot on a hot day, you could be losing too much water through your skin. Then you

need to put liquid back in your body by drinking plenty of water so you won't get dehydrated.

How the sweating happen?

It happens when the heat energy in the body is used to convert the water in sweat to vapour cooling

down the body. The hypothalamus acts as a thermostat and receives nerve impulses from heat and cold

thermoreceptors in the skin.There are also receptors in the hypothalamus- called central

thermoreceptors. The thermoreceptors will detect changes in blood temperature. It is causes

vasodilation sweating.

The diagram below show what happen in our skin.

Conclusion

Reflex action Stimulus Receptors Response

SweatingIncreased body

temperatureThermoreceptors

Increased sweat

release to cool body

surface down.

rph (body coordination)

Documents