Research Methodology

Session 11Research Design

Sampling

Latest Schedule (1)Date Tuesday/

WednesdayFriday

19 - 23 April RPPresentation

Academic Writing 9.00

26 – 30 April SamplingEthical Clearance

Lit Review due

3 – 7 May PresentationsIBM Awards Evening

10 – 14 May RP due Lecture on EC

TEDx

Latest Schedule (2)Date RM Exams

17 - 21 May EC (19 May)

24 - 28 May HRMG (24 May)

MIS (27 May)

31 May - 4 June SE (2 June)Medical (4 June)

7 - 11 June EC Corrections (11 June)

Recap Assignments

Language feedback Language self-reflection Structural PS -> RO -> RQ Sub-problems => hypotheses / research

questions Presentation

Participation Feedback

Preview Sekaran Ch 10

Sampling Final research proposal assignment Ethical Clearance assignment Preparation for 3 – 7 May session

Proposal presentation

Acknowledgments to Uma Sekaran

Acknowledgments to Uma Sekaran

Acknowledgments to Uma Sekaran

Probability Sampling

Simple Random Sampling

Systematic Random Sampling

Stratified Random Sampling

Cluster Sampling

Proportional Sampling

Nonproportional Sampling

Sampling Techniques

Advantage: When done correctly, a small percentage of the population can be selected which saves both time and money without sacrificing accuracy.

Disadvantage: Population characteristics may be over- or under-represented, leading to a generalization of results beyond the characteristics of the sample. This puts the validity at risk.Acknowledgments to Gill Hendry

Acknowledgments to Uma Sekaran

NonprobabilitySampling

Convenience Sampling

Purposeful Sampling

Quota Sampling

Disadvantages:• The generalizability of the findings are limited to the

characteristics of the subjects in the sample.• The sample may be biased.

Advantages: • Easy to administer• Less costly and time consuming

Acknowledgments to Gill Hendry• Snowball sampling

Acknowledgments to Uma Sekaran

Acknowledgments to Uma Sekaran

Sekaran Ch 10 Exercises Ex 1 Ex 10

Research ProposalAssessment Criteria (1) The research proposal (RP) is formulated

clearly The RP contains a proper title page The RP contains a proper table of contents The presentation of the RP complies with

academic standards The RP contains an appropriate brief

introduction

Research ProposalAssessment Criteria (2) The context of the research project is

presented concisely and clearly in the RP The RP contains a proper problem

statement The RP contains properly formulated

objectives derived from the PS A preliminary literature review places this

study within a broader research context

Research ProposalAssessment Criteria (3) The RP concisely outlines how the final

literature survey will be conducted The RP contains tentative critical questions

aligned with the PS and objectives The RP concisely states why the research is

important for the discipline The RP outlines what research

methodology will be employed

Research ProposalAssessment Criteria (4) The RP clearly states how the research

will comply with ethical requirements The RP clearly states how respondents /

interviewees will be selected The RP briefly states how primary data

will be analysed The RP clearly states which factors would

require limitation of validity of results

Research ProposalAssessment Criteria (5) The RP contains a glossary of terms The RP provides a research timeline The RP includes a realistic budget The RP contains an appropriate

bibliography (e.g. key articles & research methodology references)

Sampling in your Project Population and approximate size Sampling choice Sample size

For your study

Ethical ClearanceThings to do Design draft questionnaire / interview

Submit for comment Sent for statistical feedback after EC approved

Complete EC form – extract from RP Informed consent letter Templates provided – adapt

Letters Questionnaire

Ethical ClearanceAssessment Criteria (1) The research instrument (RI) is formulated

in concise and lucid academic language The questions in the RI are based on the

critical research questions of the project The RI solicits appropriate types of

information The questionnaire uses the appropriate

measurement scales

Ethical ClearanceAssessment Criteria (2) The RI is presented in an aesthetically

pleasing manner The RI is designed specifically with

respondents in mind The letter of informed consent

complies with UKZN ethical clearance research principles

Ethical ClearanceAssessment Criteria (3) The RI presents questions in an

appropriate order (e.g. sensitive questions last)

The ethical clearance application form has been completed correctly

Next Session 3 - 7 May Research proposal presentations

Supervisors present 10 minutes max plus questions/comment Participation assessed Pre-load presentations 20 minutes before

start