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Provisia™ Rice: Teknologi terbaru kawalan Padi AnginMohd Zuhair, Z.A.*, Ahmad Nazmi., Izzat Adib., dan Dilipkumar, M.

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Rumpai dalam penanaman padi sawah

▪ Rumpai daun tirus:

– Padi angin

– Echinochloa (*rintangracun rumpai ALS)

– Leptochloa, and Ischaemum

– Padi “volunteer”

▪ Cabaran kawalan

– Spektrum racun rumpaiyang terbatas

– Kos tinggi penakaian atau“manual weeding”

– Tiada racun rumpai selektifuntuk kawalan padi anginatau padi “volunteer”

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Leptochloa chinensis Ischaemum rugosumEchinochloa spp.

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Padi angin— Tiada racun rumpai selektifPenurunan hasil padi akibat peningkatan populasi padi

angin

Effect on different establishment methods on weedy rice and rice yield over

four consecutive seasons. (Azmi et al. 2005b)

Padi angin▪ Oryza sativa spontonea & Oryza rufipogon▪ Persistan dan bermasalah terutama tanaman padi secara

tabur terus▪ Berpotensi berkacuk dengan padi yang ditanam▪ Memberi impak dan kesan kepada hasil dan kualiti padi▪ Tiada racun rumpai yang selektif untuk kawalan padi angin

0

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Main Season2002

Off Season2003

Main Season2003

Off Season2004

Yield (kg/ha) Weedy rice panicle/m2

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Padi angin memusnahkan industri padi negara!

Weed Type Rice Yield Losses

-------------------------------------------------------

Grasses 41 %

Broad Leaf 30 %

Sedges 10 %

Weedy Rice > 50%

IMPAK PADI ANGIN DI MALAYSIA

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United StatesCanola, Wheat, Rice,

Sunflower, Lentils

BASF Herbicide Tolerance

Canada

Sunflower, Canola, Wheat, Lentils

Central America &

ColombiaRice

ArgentinaMaize, Rice, Sunflower, Wheat

ChileCanola, Wheat

BrazilRice, OSR

South AfricaSunflower

AustraliaCanola, Wheat,

Barley, Maize

MalaysiaRice

Eastern Europe & CISSunflower, OSR

Western EuropeSunflower, OSR, Rice

UruguayRice

Clearfield® Production System merupakan sistem toleran herbisidabukan GMO yang meluas digunakan di dunia

Clearfield Production System memberikan kawalan padi angin yang berkesan dengan penggunaan bersama sama racun

rumpai OnDuty (Imidazolinone, ALS), selain kawalan rumpai daun tirus dan daun lebar.

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Keperluan Sistem Padi Toleran Herbicida (non-GMO) terbaru:

▪ Menjamin kelestarian kawalan padi angin dan pengurusan rumpai rintang

Kajian BASF kawalan padi angin

Weeds registered with resistance in LATIN AMERICA for Rice*Code Common name Argentina Brasil Colombia Costa Rica Uruguay

ORYSA Red Rice ALS ALS

ECHCG Echinocloa Crusgali AUX / ALS ALS / AUX

ECHCP Echinocloa cruspavonis AUX

ECHCO Echinocloa colona EPSP AUX / ALS / PS II ACC / ALS / PS II

ELEIN Eleusine indica EPSP ACC EPSP EPSP / ALS

DIGCI Digitaria ciliaris ACC

ISCHRU Ischaemum rugosum ACC

LEPSP Leptocloa sp

* Souce: http://weedscience.org ** Survey results Rice Crop Team 2013

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Arah tuju terbaru kajian “herbicide tolerant”BASF:▪ BASF menghasilkan padi rintang pada racun ACCase yang berkesan untuk kawalan padi angin

dan rumpai daun tirus

▪ Kajian dimulakan pada tahun 2008 melalui proses mutagenesis tisu kultur

Kajian BASF kawalan padi angin

1. Callus 2. Select 3. Regenerate 4. Grow 5. Plant

ACCase Herbicides are graminicides that block the biosynthesis of fatty acids and thereby block cell membrane production.

Kelebihan ACCase

Kawalan berkesan padi angin dan rumpat daun tirus

Alternatif kepada Clearfield Production Sistem

Applikasi semburan lebih flexible

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Provisia® Rice System

▪ Mode tindakan terbaru, kawalan padi angin lepas cambah

▪ Technologi ini telah mula di komersilkan di Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 2018

▪ Provisia digunakan secara berselang seli dengan Clearfield, memberikan kawalanrumpai dan padi angin lebih lestari

M3 Yield Trial

Provisia RiceConventional Rice

Provisia Herbicide

▪ New Non-GM herbicide tolerant system that provides control of Weedy Rice, volunteer rice and other grass weeds

▪ Trait discovered in 2008 patents filed in 2009

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Biology Profile

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Kombinasi Provisia Herbicide + Basagran memberi kawalan 100% pada varieti padi Clearfield®, konvensional,

padi angin, rumpai daun tirus, rusiga dan rumpai daun lebar

Application Equipment: Knapsack

Application Timing: 12 DAS

Spray Volume: 400L/Ha

Provisia® Rice System: Efikasi

Di Malaysia, kajian peringkat awal bermula pada tahun 2016. Kajian pembangunan

dan biakbaka diteruskan

Naturally occuring weeds: Sedges and broadleaves

Untreated Provisia Herbicide + Basagran

Provisia rice for use as a Clearfield® Rice rotational partner allowing for

flexible tank mix partners and application timing and ease in controlling weedy

rice and key grass weeds including ALS resistant biotypes.

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Provisia

CL 2

MR 263

Weedy rice

Most of the plants shows more

than 70% percent effect died at

14DAA for 80 gai/ha Provisia

Herbicide except for Provisia

Rice

Provisia® Rice System: Efikasi

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Provisia® dan Clearfield® : Kawalan rumpai2 Weeks After

Application

Grass Weeds

Controlled by

Provisia Herbicide

Includes

▪ Echinochloa

▪ Leptochloa

▪ Oryza rufipogon

▪ Ludwigia

▪ Fimbristylis

▪ Monochoria

▪ Weedy rice

Sedge and broadleaf

weeds controlled with

conventional herbicides

Provisia Herbicide (gai/ha) Market ACCase (gai/ha)

Weedy Rice Control at 14 DAA n=6

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Provisia® Rice System: Stewardship ─ Pengesyoran masa hadapan

Gunakan racun rumpai

selektif untuk kawalan rumpai

Sembur racun rumpai

Provisia yang disyorkan

Padi Clearfield boleh

ditanaman selepas padi

Provisia

Penggunaan racun lepas

cambah eg TEPAT atau pra

cambah

Padi Konvensional Clearfield® RiceProvisia Rice

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Clearfield® Rice Production System: Stewardship Guide

Good agricultural Practices (GAP)

Step-by-Step Guides

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Sistem pengurusan padi angin BASF

■ Provides selective control of weedy rice and other grasses using the

imidazolinones (IMI) class of ALS-inhibiting herbicides1.

■ Selective control is achieved via mutation in the Clearfield rice

genotype, which prevents the herbicide from binding to the ALS active

site.

1Continued use of IMI herbicides, without integrated weed management, can lead

to development of weeds resistant to ALS-inhibitors.

Uses same principle as Clearfield, with a different herbicide, providing a

good rotation partner to Clearfield/IMI system.

Provisia rice genotypes have a mutation in the plastidic acetyl-CoA

carboxylase enzyme (ACCase), which confers commercial tolerance to

the ACCase-inhibiting herbicides cycloxydim and quizalofop-P-ethyl

Kedua-dua sistem

Clearfield dan Provisia

adalah bukan-GMO,

berkesan mengawal

padi angin termasuk

rumpai rintang.

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