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    Bienvenidos al modelo 4MAT:8 pasos para planificar una enseanza

    ms dinmica y atractiva

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    Bernice McCarthy Ph. D

    Universidad Northwestern

    Principal campo de inters:Cmo aprenden las personas

    Lo que creo:

    Las personas se aproximan al aprendizaje de manerasdiferentes.

    Estas diferencias son profundas.

    El aprendizaje es un ciclo natural que abarca estas

    diferencias.

    La clave del crecimiento es entender cmo funciona este ciclo.

    La habilidad de aprendizaje alta pasa por este ciclo fcilmente.

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    ObjetivosLos participantes:

    Se volvern ms conscientes de su propia preferencia de

    aprendizaje,

    Fortalecern el entendimiento de la base terica del Ciclo de

    Aprendizaje 4MAT,

    Se familiarizarn ms con la relacin entre la neurociencia

    actual y el Ciclo de Aprendizaje 4MAT,

    Examinarn el proceso de creacin de una planificacin

    pedaggica 4MAT.

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    La pregunta esencial para esta hora

    Es el Ciclo 4MAT un marco para el propioproceso de aprendizaje?

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    Mientras todos los estudiantes necesitan abordar cada una de las

    formas de aprendizaje, la mayora favorece un tipo.

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    Tipo Uno: AprendicesImaginativos

    Sintiendo y Reflexionando,

    buscando asociacionespersonales, significado y

    envolvimiento.

    Pregunta Clave:POR QU?

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    Tipo Dos: AprendicesAnalticos

    Reflexionando y pensando:buscando hechos,

    pensando a travs deideas, aprendiendo lo que

    piensan los expertos.

    Pregunta Clave:QU?

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    Tipo Tres: Aprendices deSentido Comn

    Pensando y haciendo,experimentando,

    construyendo,practicando, creando

    usabilidad, intentandoreparar.

    Pregunta Clave:CMO?

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    Tipo Cuatro:Aprendices Dinmicos

    Haciendo y sintiendo.Buscando posibilidades

    escondidas, aprendiendopor ensayo y error, auto

    descubrimiento.

    Pregunta Clave:Y SI?

    4MAT ayuda a los profesores a desarrollar estas cuatro

    capacidades de aprendizaje.

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    Cul crees que es tu estilo de aprendizaje?

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    Tipo Uno: Aprendices Imaginativos

    Sientiendo y reflexionando, buscandoasociaciones personales, significado y

    envolvimiento.

    Pregunta Clave:POR QU?

    Tipo Dos: Aprendices Analticos

    Reflexionando y pensando: buscandohechos, pensando a travs de ideas,aprendiendo lo que piensan los

    expertos.

    Pregunta Clave:QU?

    Tipo Tres: Aprendices de SentidoComn

    Pensando y haciendo.Experimentando, construyendo,

    practicando, creando usabilidad,intentando reparar.

    Pregunta Clave:CMO?

    Tipo Cuatro: AprendicesDinmicos

    Haciendo y sintiendo.

    Buscando posibilidadesescondidas, aprendiendo porensayo y error, autodescubrimiento.

    Pregunta Clave:

    Y SI?

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    Sintiendo

    Tipo UnoFoco: personasHabilidad:

    empata(escuchar,compartir)

    Pensando

    Actuando Reflexionando

    Tipo DosFoco: ideasHabilidad:

    anlisis(criticar)

    Tipo TresFoco: trabajabilidadHabilidad: hacer las

    cosas(descifrar cmofuncionan)

    Tipo Cuatro:Foco:posibilidades

    Habilidad: influir(Ir ms all de loexigido)

    Esto es en lo que se centran los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje,sus habilidades y comodidades.

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    Piensa en cun natural es para ti recorrer este ciclo.Lo haces todo el tiempo.

    Tipo UnoFoco: personas

    Sientiendo

    Pensando

    Actuando ReflexionandoTipo Dos

    Foco: ideasTipo Tres

    Foco: trabajabilidad

    Tipo CuatroFoco: posibilidades

    Desde tu foco en las personas

    (De verdad quiso decir eso?)

    A las ideas

    (Ser esto cierto?)A probar algo

    (Me funcionar?)

    A las posibilidades

    (Oh! No saba quepoda hacer eso!)

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    Este ciclo es como se realiza todo aprendizaje.

    Es por eso que planificar la enseanza para

    viajar por el Ciclo del Aprendizaje 4MAT es tan

    potente.

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    Todos los aprendices necesitan abordar todaslas formas de aprendizaje

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    Son estas diferencias slo

    individuales?

    Se aplican a profesiones,a tipos de trabajos e incluso aplanes de estudio?

    Favorecen algunas profesiones,trabajos o planes de estudioslo uno o dos de los cuadrantes?

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    13%

    48%26%

    13%

    Majors MBAN = 38

    Enfermeros de la Salud PblicaN = 108

    17%

    44%

    19%

    12%

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    Estudiantes de IngenieraN = 55

    6%

    33%54%

    7%

    Formadores en

    Creatividad, CCL.N = 24

    56%

    21%

    10%

    13%

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    Aplicadores de la LeyN = 99

    8%

    16%66%

    10% 12% 14%

    54% 20%

    Funcionarios PenitenciariosN = 2,786

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    Profesores de media(secundaria)

    17%

    26%

    21%

    36%

    Profesores de Bsica(primaria)

    35%

    23%

    17%

    25%

    Profesores de la educacin escolar

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    Datos de comparacin de estudiantes

    stos son los datos de comparacin con los estudiantes de secundaria.

    Observa la coincidencia de los resultados.

    Observa los nmeros del cuadrante 2, donde las ctedras son la estrategia favorecida.

    West Fargo HS, NDMoanaloa HS,Hawaii

    Madison HS,Tennessee

    52%21%

    9%18%

    42%26%

    12%20%16%

    43%

    13%

    28%

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    Dos

    Escuela Secundaria Moanaloa, Honolulu110 Profesores, 1900 Estudiantes

    18%

    Unos

    DosTres

    Cuatros

    27% 21%

    34%

    Profesores

    = 52%

    = 48%

    42%

    Unos

    Tres

    Cuatros

    26%

    20% 12%

    Estudiantes

    = 32%

    = 68%

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    Qu ramificaciones se obtienen de esteestudio?

    Cmo se relacionan estos resultados con lasestrategias y tcnicas de enseanza?

    Podra ser...

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    Posibles implicancias para la pedagoga

    Una Subestimacin de la necesidad de losalumnos de saber el por qu? de su aprendizaje.

    Los profesores necesitan conectar a los aprendicescon sus propias experiencias y conceptos parapoder ensearles.

    Un Desajuste en las exposiciones de clases? Los

    profesores necesitan usar medios alternativos paraentregar los contenidos.Es decir, Internet, clases invertidas (flipped classes) e

    interactivas.

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    La necesidad de diferenciarla enseanza,planificar la prctica de maneras mltiples paraque todos los estudiantes aprendan de lascuatro maneras, abarcando el Ciclo de

    Aprendizaje completo.

    Ms opciones, que son adaptaciones dedesempeo, que requieren la innovacin y la

    originalidad de los estudiantes para lograrresultados de aprendizaje ms altos.

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    Ve si puedes emparejar los smboloscon los estilos de aprendizaje.

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    Tipo Uno: Aprendices Imaginativos

    Sientiendo y reflexionando, buscandoasociaciones personales, significado yenvolvimiento.

    Pregunta Clave:POR QU?

    Tipo Dos: Aprendices Analticos

    Reflexionando y pensando: buscandohechos, pensando a travs de ideas,aprendiendo lo que piensan los expertos.

    Pregunta Clave:QU?

    Tipo Tres: Aprendices de SentidoComn

    Pensando y haciendo. Experimentando,construyendo, practicando, creandousabilidad, intentando reparar.

    Pregunta Clave:CMO?

    Tipo Cuatro: AprendicesDinmicos

    Haciendo y sintiendo.Buscando posibilidades escondidas,

    aprendiendo por ensayo y error, autodescubrimiento.

    Pregunta Clave:Y SI?

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    Los Unos: personas personas

    Los Dos: conocimientos/ hechospersonas

    Los Tres: acciones realizablespersonas

    Los Cuatros: ir ms all de lo exigido

    personas

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    Carl Jung y la individuacin

    Jean Piaget en la teora constructivistadel aprendizaje

    John Dewey en sus teorastransaccionales del cocimiento y la

    experienciaDavid Kolb en la teora del aprendizajeexperiencial

    Los estilos de Aprendizaje 4MAT estn basados en lasteoras de:

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    Cmo percibimos

    Desde el Sentimiento

    Al Pensamiento

    Experiencia

    onceptualizacinPercepcin

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    2

    1

    3

    4

    Cognitivo (Basado en el

    Contenido)

    Ideas

    Arraigadas en el Contenido

    Arraigado en las Vidas

    de los Aprendices Experiencial (Basado en el Valor)

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    HastaReflexionarDesdeActuar

    Cmo Procesamos

    ccin Reflexin

    Procesamiento

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    Reflexivo (Interior) contra Activo (Mundo Real)

    Meditando

    Entrando

    Aplicacin en

    el Mundo Real

    Saliendo

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    Sintiendo

    Reflexionando

    Pensando

    Actuando

    Cuatro aproximaciones para el aprendizaje

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    Experimentando(sintiendo)

    Acuando(haciendo)

    Reflexionando

    (mirando)

    Conceptualizando(pensando)

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    Experimentando(sintiendo)

    Acuando(haciendo)

    Reflexionando(mirando)

    Conceptualizando(pensando)

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    Experimentando(sintiendo)

    Acuando(haciendo)

    Reflexionando

    (mirando)

    Conceptualizando(pensando)

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    Experimentando(sintiendo)

    Acuando(haciendo)

    Reflexionando(mirando)

    Conceptualizando(pensando)

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    Experimentando(sintiendo)

    Acuando(haciendo)

    Reflexionando

    (mirando)

    Conceptualizando(pensando)

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    Experimentando

    Interaccin aprendices/ Profesores

    MTODO DEDISCUSIN

    Reflexionando

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    Reflexionando

    Profesores actuando

    MTODOINFORMACIONALConceptualizando

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    Actuando

    Aprendices reaccionando

    MTODO DE EN-TRENAMIENTO

    Conceptualizando

    E i t d

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    Experimentando

    Interaccinaprendices/ Profesores

    MTODO DE AUTO DESCUBRIMIENTO

    Actuando

    Evaluacin

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    El Ciclo mismo es el procesode aprendizaje.

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    E i t d ( i ti d )

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    Y si? Por qu?

    Cmo? Qu?

    Experimentando (sintiendo)

    Actuando(haciendo)

    Reflexionando(mirando)

    Conceptualizando (pensando)

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    Agregando estas

    cuatro palabras clave,he hecho dos cosas:

    Cre un sistema que

    peda a los profesoresprocesar a travs delCiclo para planificarlo.

    Y si? Por qu?

    Cmo? Qu?

    Experimentando (sintiendo)

    Actuando(haciendo)

    Reflexionando(mirando)

    Conceptualizando (pensando)

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    Ella tendra que preguntar:

    Por qu estoy enseandoesto?Qu estoy exactamenteenseando?

    Cmo puedo planificarla prctica para que todoslos estudiantes lo dominen?y

    Si tengo xito, qusern capaces de hacerque ahora no pueden?

    Y si? Por qu?

    Cmo? Qu?

    Experimentando (sintiendo)

    Actuando(haciendo)

    Reflexio-nando (mi-rando)

    Conceptualizando (pensando)

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    Martin Luther King, Steve Jobs y los hermanos Wrightpueden tener poco en comn, pero todos empezaronconPor qu?

    Justo lo opuesto de lo que hace el resto.

    La mayora de las personas empieza conQu?

    Simon Sinek y su Crculo Dorado (Golden Circle),

    2011

    En segundo lugar nos

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    En segundo lugar, noshabamos movido desdeuna planificacin

    pedaggica simple a unasunto curricular msespinoso.

    Por qu nuestrosestudiantes necesitansaber este contenido enparticular?Cmo podemosseleccionar qu esimportante que sepan eneste siglo 21?

    Y si? Por qu?

    Cmo? Qu?

    Experimentando (sintiendo)

    Actuando(haciendo)

    Reflexio-nando (mi-rando)

    Conceptualizando (pensando)

    Cmo deberamos

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    Cmo deberamosensearlo? Libros,iPads o qu?

    Y cules son lasposibilidades de aplicarlos aprendizajes en el

    mundo real en estasociedad rpidamentecambiante?

    Definitivamente,preguntas mucho msdifciles.

    Y si? Por qu?

    Cmo? Qu?

    Experimentando (sintiendo)

    Actuando(haciendo)

    Reflexio-nando (mi-rando)

    Conceptualizando (pensando)

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    Simplemente recorre el crculo

    1. Crea una razn

    2. Ensaselas

    3. Djalos intentarla4. Djales agregarle valor y usarla en sus vidas

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    La investigacin cerebral actual en el aprendizaje

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    La investigacin cerebral actual en el aprendizaje

    es significativa:

    La teora del aprendizaje y el procesamiento

    cerebral estn estrechamente conectados.

    El Ciclo de Aprendizaje 4MAT est diseado para

    ambos.

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    El Modo Izquierdo

    Opera con el anlisis

    Usa el lenguaje

    Abstrae la experiencia

    Tiene sentido numrico

    Es secuencial

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    El Modo Derecho

    Opera fuera del ser

    Comprende imgenes

    Busca patrones

    Crea metforas

    Es simultneo

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    El pensamiento rpido,originando impresiones y

    sentimientos sin esfuerzo,viviendo la mayora de nuestrasvidas guiados por ellos.

    El pensamiento lento, regulandonuestro autocontrol, entrando enfuncin cuando debemos poneratencin. 2011

    Ganador del Premio Nobel de Economa 2002

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    Hemisferio Derecho:Guarda modelos de trabajo sobre cmo funciona el mundo,media la conciencia intrnseca,media la empata y cmo se sienten los dems.

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    Usa el Lenguaje y las Imgenes

    El Lenguaje es secundario.

    Usamos el lenguaje paradescribir nuestras imgenes

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    No hay un mximo aparente en el nmero deimgenes que se pueden recordar!

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    Lo que nos dan las imgenes

    Relaciones

    Material bruto para el lenguaje

    Categoras

    Memoria

    Historias

    Cmo deberan usar este poder los profesores?

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    Cmo deberan usar este poder los profesores?

    Entregar imgenes a los alumnos para mejorar el entendimient

    Pedir a los estudiantes que nos den imgenes:

    - Para mostrarnos lo

    que han aprendido

    - Para ayudarles adescifrar lo que

    significan

    Modo Derecho: experiencial imgenes grandes ideas

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    Modo Derecho: experiencial, imgenes, grandes ideas,sntesis

    Modo Izquierdo: estructurado, verbal, lineal, anlisis

    Agregu los modos de procesamiento derecho eizquierdo a cada uno de los cuatro cuadrantes, paramover el aprendizaje tanto a travs de la sntesis comodel anlisis.

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    En lugar de SAT, los colegios estn dando tareas como:

    Escriba una narracin sobre Las confesiones de un matn

    de secundaria, o

    En su equipo creen un robot de Lego, o

    Escriba un texto a una caricatura dada.

    Estos mtodos imaginativos han sido dos

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    g

    veces ms exitosos prediciendo el xito

    futuro.

    Ver el mundo es hacer un mapa del mundo

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    Ver el mundo es hacer un mapa del mundo.

    La disposicin fsica de las neuronas que se activan

    cuando vemos un objeto es un mapa de la estructurafsica del objeto mismo.

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    El objeto de extraa apariencia a la izquierda de

    la prxima lamina en un trozo real de la corteza

    visual del cerebro de un mono.

    Los puntos oscuros muestran dnde las neuronas

    han sido activadas.

    Se trata de grupos de neuronas que se activaron

    cuando el mono mir la imagen de una media

    rueda a la derecha.

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    Experimentando

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    Mtodo de

    Discusin

    Mtodo de

    Informacin

    Mtodo de Auto

    descubrimiento

    Mtodo de

    Entrenamiento

    Profesor/ Entrenador interactuando

    con el Aprendiz

    Aprendiz interactuando con

    el profesor/ EntrenadorMirandoHaciendo

    Conceptualizando

    Parte creativa de laEnseanza/ Entrenamiento

    Parte intelectual y organizacional

    de la Enseanza/ Entrenamiento

    PROFESOR/ENTRENADORMS ACTIVO

    APRENDIZMS

    ACTIVO

    Sentir

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    Derecha

    DerechaDerecha

    Derecha

    IzquierdaIzquierda

    IzquierdaIzquierda

    Sentir

    Hacer Mirar

    Pensar

    Dibuja esta rueda 4MAT en un pedazo de papel.

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    Dibuja esta rueda 4MAT en un pedazo de papel.

    derechaderecha

    izquierdaizquierda

    derechaderecha

    izquierdaizquierda

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    El Concepto

    Experimentado

    Actividad experiencial?

    CONECTAR

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    La Experiencia Compartiday Discutida

    DISCUSIN DE LA EXPERIENCIA?

    PONERATENCIN

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    El Conceptohecho Imagen

    Representacin no verbal del concepto?

    IMAGEN

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    El Concepto Enseado

    Entrega del contenido, interactivo a veces?

    INFORMAR

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    El Concepto puesto

    en Prctica

    Actividades prcticas mltiples?

    PRCTICA

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    El Concepto Extendido

    Extender el requerimiento deaprendizaje hacia la utilidad personal?

    EXTENDER

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    La Extensin Refinada

    Modificaciones orientadas con rbricas, pulido con elprofesor y con recursos de colaboracin entre los

    estudiantes?

    REFINAR

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    El Aprendizaje llevado a cabo

    Pedir a los alumnos usar el aprendizaje en lavida real, quizs incluso expandido al saber de

    una comunidad ms grande?

    EJECUTAR

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    IMAGEN

    INFORMAR

    PONERATENCIN

    CONECTAREJECUTAR

    REFINAR

    EXTENDER

    PRCTICA

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    Conector

    Pensador(reflexin)

    Pulidor

    Ejecutor

    Crtico

    Experimentador/hacedor

    Prctico

    Ilustradorde Ideas

    Entendedor

    Los roles del aprendizpara una evaluacin

    equilibrada

    El Cerebro y el Ciclo: hallazgo de 2002

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    El Cerebro y el Ciclo: hallazgo de 2002(Zull)

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    Superposicin delos estilos-ciclos

    Comprobacin activa

    Hiptesisabstractas

    Experienciaconcreta

    Observacin

    reflexiva

    Superposicin de

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    Superposicin delos estilos-ciclos

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    Sin la biologa, el ciclo del aprendizaje es

    terico.

    Con la biologa, vemos que el cerebro esten realidad hecho de este modo.

    James Zull, 2002

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    Cosas que puedes hacer maana

    Mantener la conciencia de tu estilo de aprendizaje

    preferido.

    Piensa en alguien cercano a ti cuyo estilo seadiferente al tuyo y pasa unos minutos

    considerando cmo puedes ver desde superspectiva.

    Nota las partes de este ciclo natural que usas con

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    p q

    ms frecuencia. Fjate en las partes que usas a

    menudo; son tus claves para el crecimiento.Agrega ms imgenes a tu enseanza/

    entrenamiento.

    Decide lo que quieres que los aprendices hagan

    con el aprendizaje y disctelo con tus estudiantes.

    Considera recorrer el ciclo del aprendizaje cuando

    te comuniques con otros.

    w

    El Modelo 4MAT CompletoEl Aprendiz

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    4MATReview

    El Instructor

    creasignificado yfascinacin

    El Instructordesarrolla losconceptosclave y elconocimiento

    El Aprendizdomina las

    habilidades yaplica el

    aprendizaje

    El aprendiz

    adapta elaprendizaje de

    una maneracreativa

    Empieza con el significado personal

    Se intriga

    Lo compara con lo

    que ya sabe

    Crea una imagen

    mental

    Investiga fcil y

    naturalmente

    Busca hechos y conocimientoDesarrolla habilidades

    Prueba teoras

    Aplica e interpreta

    Establece significacin

    en el mundo real

    Ejecuta sus habilidades

    Internaliza el aprendizaje

    Una vez entregado todo el rango de estrategias pedaggicas, todos estos

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    estudiantes pueden ser aprendices exitosos por igual. La diferencia est en

    los tipos de acciones que pedimos hacer a los estudiantes y los mtodos

    que usamos para evaluarlos.

    Una enseanza bien acabada debera atravesar el ciclo completo desde

    Cuadrante 1: significado personal, a

    Cuadrante 2: lecturas y reflexiones de los estudiantes, a

    Cuadrante 3: resolucin de problemas de la vida real de los estudiantes, a

    Cuadrante 4: adaptacin y transferencia de los estudiantes

    Todos los estudiantes necesitan recorrer todo el ciclo del aprendizaje.

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    Cuando sea que presentemos a los estudiantes estas ideas y

    descubrimientos, ellos empiezan a trabajar ms regularmente en

    todos los cuadrantes.

    Se dan cuenta de que, independiente de su estilo, las personas

    deberan ganar experticia en las cuatro funciones:

    creando conexiones significativas para el aprendizaje,

    descubriendo los conceptos ms esenciales,

    aplicando el aprendizaje en circunstancias de la vida real y

    adaptando el aprendizaje en nuestras vidas.

    Estos cuadrantes son tambin cruciales en la formacin en gestin

    para equipos de direccin, mejorando las habilidades de liderazgo y

    creando culturas ms innovadoras y adaptativas.

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    En la Academia Madison en Madison, Tennessee, el director y los

    profesores sugirieron que sus alumnos tomaran el estudio Preferencias

    de Aprendizaje para Estudiantes 4MAT (SLP) para adquirir conciencia de

    sus formas preferidas de abordar al aprendizaje.

    Setenta y nueve alumnos formaron parte.

    La Academia Madison est ubicada en un suburbio de Nashville,

    Tennessee y es un colegio adventista.

    Datos de la Academia Madison. N = 79 Estudiantes

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    43%

    28%

    16% 13%

    Agrupados por estilo de aprendizaje

    Datos de la Academia MadisonLas Pruebas de Desarrollo Educacional de Iowa (ITED) comparadas con los cuatro grupos de estudiantes

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    de los estilos de aprendizaje.

    Los Unos son azules, los Dos son rojos, los Tres son verdes y los Cuatros son morados. Son los Tipo

    Dos ms inteligentes? Si no, cul es la variable ac?

    Comparando los promedios ITED con los Estilos deAprendizaje

    Datos de la Academia MadisonPromedio de Notas por Estilo de Aprendizaje

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    Academia Madison (n=79)

    Promedio de Notas por Estilo de Aprendizaje

    Datos de la Academia MadisonPuntos de Asistencia (sin justificacin) por Estilo

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    Academia Madison (n=79)

    Puntos de Asistencia (sin justificacin) por Estilo

    TU = atrasos injustificados AU = ausencias injustificadas

    El cuadro vale como mil palabras. A los Aprendices Dos les gusta el colegio.

    Datos de la Academia MadisonPorcentaje de Incidentes Disciplinarios por Estilo de Aprendizaje

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    Academia Madison

    Porcentaje de Incidentes Disciplinarios por Estilo de Aprendizaje

    1er semestre, 2010 No se diga nada ms!