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SIMPOSIUM PENGURUSAN SISA PEPEJAL NEGERI SABAH 7 DISEMBER 2017 TH HOTEL, KOTA KINABALU, SABAH -------------------------------------------- POLLUTION CONTROL IN LANDFILLS - DOE’S PERSPECTIVES By TUNKU KHALKAUSAR TUNKU FATHAHI DIRECTOR DEPARMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, SABAH

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Page 1: POLLUTION CONTROL IN LANDFILLS - DOE’S … Solid Waste Mgt...(EQA) on 14 March 1974. From thereon, an enforcement agency named Department of Environment (DOE) was institutionalised

SIMPOSIUM PENGURUSAN SISA PEPEJAL NEGERI SABAH 7 DISEMBER 2017

TH HOTEL, KOTA KINABALU, SABAH --------------------------------------------

POLLUTION CONTROL IN LANDFILLS - DOE’S

PERSPECTIVES

By

TUNKU KHALKAUSAR TUNKU FATHAHI

DIRECTOR

DEPARMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, SABAH

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TABLE OF CONTENT

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

INTRODUCTION 6. REQUIREMENT UNDER

EQA 1974 FOR INCINERATION

(& TRANSFER STATION)

ISSUES - Scheduled Waste Management

LANDFILL

ISSUES - Open Burning

ISSUES - Leachate

8. CONCLUSION

7. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

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INTRODUCTION

Environmental Conservation

for the well-being of the

people

1. Vision 1. Pollution Control and

Prevention

2. Sustainable Development

Through Conservation of

Resources

3. Integration of Environmental

Factors in Development

Planning

4. Promotion of Environmental

Education and Awareness

5. Public Participation

6. Inter-Agency and Federal-

State Cooperation

7. Bilateral, Regional and

International Cooperation

4. Strategies

To ensure sustainable

development in the

process of nation building

2. Mision

To administer and enforce the

EQA 1974 and Section IV of

the Exclusive Economic Zone

Act, 1984

3. Function

Environmental Management in Malaysia become more focussed - Gazettment of the Environmental Quality Act

(EQA) on 14 March 1974.

From thereon, an enforcement agency named Department of Environment (DOE) was institutionalised in 1975.

DOE’s main role is to prevent, control and abate pollution through the enforcement of EQA, 1974.

DOE’s 3 Functional Areas

• WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

• AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

• WASTE MANAGEMENT

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LANDFILL

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (CONTROL

OF POLLUTION FROM SOLID WASTE

TRANSFER STATION AND LANDFILL)

REGULATIONS 2009

Regulation 5 - An owner or occupier of

solid waste transfer station or landfill

shall design and operate the solid

waste transfer station or landfill in such

a manner that the following are

strictly controlled:

Landfill - a waste disposal site for the

deposit of solid waste onto or into land

b) air pollution

d) Entry or disposal

of scheduled wastes

c) Pollution of the

soil, surface water

or groundwater

a) noise, dust and

odours

- Apply to solid waste transfer station

and landfills which discharge or

release leachate

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LIST OF LANDFILL IN SABAH 1. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kayu Madang, Telipok

(Sanitari)

12.Tapak Pelupusan Sampah (Majlis Daerah Telupid)

2. Pusat Pelupusan Sampah Keningau (Sanitari) 13. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kinabatangan

3.Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kg. Mangin, Kota

Marudu

14. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah (Majlis Perbandaran

Telupid)

4. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah

(Majlis Daerah Tongod)

15. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Lahad Datu

5. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Beaufort 16. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kuala Penyu

6. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah (Majlis Daerah

Beluran)

17. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Bukit Gemuk, Tawau

7. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kudat 18. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Amboi II, Tenom

8. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Sipitang 19.Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kota Marudu (Kg.

Tambun)

9. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Ranau 20. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Daerah Semporna

10. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Mengkalai, Tambunan 21. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kg. Langkawit, Papar

11. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kunak 22. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Menumbok

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POLLUTION ISSUES FROM LANDFILL

OPERATIONS

Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Scheduled Waste

Open burning

Leachate

Scheduled waste from

industries and

households

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1. OPEN BURNING

Notwithstanding anything to the

contrary contained in this Act, no

person shall allow or cause open

burning on any premises

Section 29A(1)

Fine not exceeding RM500,000

or imprisonment for a term not

exceeding 5 years or both

Section 29A(2)

Section 29A –

Prohibition on open

burning

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SECTION 29 EQA 1974

Open Burning

• any fire, combustion or smouldering that occurs in the open air and which is not directed there through a chimney or stack

Prohibition of Open Burning

• Section 29 Environmental Quality Act 1974

• No person shall allow or cause open burning on any premises

Penalty

• Fine RM500,000 or 5 year imprisonment or both

• Compound RM2,000

Who’s liable?

• The owner or

• The occupier of the premises

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IMPACT OF OPEN BURNING

• Air Pollution

• Health Impact

• Accidents

• Socio-Economic/ Tourism

• Climate change

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MALAYSIA: NUMBER OF COMPLAINT

RECEIVED BY DOE (2016)

Malaysia: Number of Complaint by Type of Pollution (2016)

Malaysia: Number of Complaint by States (2016)

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Malaysia: Total Number of Complaint according to Sub Category (2016)

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Malaysia: Number of Complaints According to Sub Category (Air Pollution)(2016)

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SABAH: TRENDS OF COMPLAINTS INVOLVING OPEN BURNING

100

85

70

104

119

33

201 209

188

219 233

66

0

50

100

150

200

250

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

OPEN…OVERALL

NO. OF COMPLAINTS

YEAR

Updated: 17 April 2017

Til 6 Dec 2017 = 108 (overall 211)

=> 51%

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Specially Crafted by | TAQI’UDDIN HAMZAH 14

POSSIBLE CAUSES OF OPEN BURNING IN LANDFILL

OPEN

BURNING ON

LANDFILL

Fuel

Scavengers Spontaneous

Methane

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15

4 AUGUST 2017 - 18 HOTSPOTS IN SABAH

ONE OF THE HOTSPOTS - PAPAR LANDFILL

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CASES OF OPEN BURNING ON

LANDFILL

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

1

3

2

6

0

6

3

4

1

1

LEGEND : PUBLIC COMPLAINT

AIR SURVEILLANCE

2017

8

0

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17

PICTURE 1 : TYRES BURNING IN KAYU MADANG

LANDFILL ON 1 MARCH 2017

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PICTURE 2 : TYRES BURNING IN KAYU MADANG

LANDFILL ON 1 MARCH 2017

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PICTURE 3: OPEN BURNING ON LANDFILL

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PICTURE 4 : OPEN BURNING AND UNTREATED

LEACHATE ON LANDFILL NEAR MANGROVE

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21

LANDFILL CONTROL MEASURES TO PREVENT OPEN

BURNING

1 2

3 4

• installing fences

• permanent barriers

on site perimeter to

stop scavengers

from entering the

landfill

• CCTV

Security System • segregate waste prior to

disposal in landfill to avoid the

mixture of the flammable

substances and other

substances that trigger fire

Segregation

• Monitor incoming waste

• Compacted & daily soil

cover

• Emergency Response –

In-house Fire Fighting

Equipment

Proper Management/Daily Operations

• Educate

contractors/scavengers/

community - not to

conduct Open Burning

• Inform DOE immediately

whenever OB occurs in

landfill

• Take proper action to put

off fire

• Control/Mitigation

Measures to be in place

Information sharing & Reporting

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2. LEACHATE

Provision of leachate treatment

system

No person shall operate a solid waste

transfer station or landfill without a

leachate treatment system

LEACHATE

Means liquid that has percolated through

solid waste and has been extracted or

dissolved, or suspended materials from

the solid waste, or liquid discharged or

released from a solid waste transfer

station or landfill.

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM SOLID WASTE

TRANSFER STATION AND LANDFILL) REGULATIONS 2009

Section 24 : Restriction on

pollution of the soil

Section 25 : Restriction on

pollution of inland waters

Fine not exceeding RM100,000 or

imprisonment for a term not

exceeding 5 years or both and to a

further fine not exceeding RM1000

per day for everyday that the offence

is continued after a notice served

Fine not exceeding RM100,000 or

imprisonment for a term not

exceeding 5 years or both and to a

further fine not exceeding RM1000

per day for everyday that the offence

is continued after a notice served

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REQUIREMENT UNDER THE EQA 1974 FOR LEACHATE MANAGEMENT

LTP design by PE & to notify DOE

Performance monitoring

Monitoring of leachate discharge

Final discharge to comply to DOE

discharge standard

Competent person

Record Keeping & Training

Leachate to be treated in Leachate

Treatment Plant (LTP)

Regular Reporting to DOE

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PICTURE 5 : LEACHATE TREATMENT PLANT AT

KAYU MADANG

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PICTURE 6 :KAYU MADANG LEACHATE TREATMENT

PLANT NEAR RIVER AT KAMPUNG LAPASAN

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PICTURE 7:OPEN BURNING AND UNTREATED

LEACHATE ON LANDFILL NEAR MANGROVE

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PICTURE 8: LANDFILL NEAR RIVER

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PICTURE 8: KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL

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KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL

Keningau Sanitary Landfill is the only sanitary

landfill in Sabah.

This landfill has been operating since 2011

Problematic parameters - colour, mercury and

manganese & lead.

Suggestions for improvement :

1. Competent person & to conduct performance

monitoring – early detection of non-compliance

2. Upgrade the treatment system to comply with

the DOE discharge standard.

3. Ensure no scheduled waste disposed into the

landfill

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PICTURE 9: KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL

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31

PICTURE 10: KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL

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PICTURE 11: FINAL DISCHARGE POINT AT

KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL

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Most of landfills in Sabah do

not have leachate treatment

system

Lack of awareness on DOE

Regulations Requirement on

Leachate Management

The existing sanitary

landfills with

leachate treatment

system need to be

upgraded and

operated properly to

treat the leachate to

comply with DOE

discharge standard

ISSUES ON LEACHATE IN SABAH Non sanitary landfills

– to be closed or upgraded

(leachate recirculation,

lining etc.

- Daily operation to be

improved e.g monitoring

of incoming waste, daily

cover, waste

segregation, etc)

- Priority to landfill

located upstream of

water intake or water

courses

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CURRENT APPROACH BY DOE IN POLLUTION

CONTROL

GUIDED SELF-REGULATION (GSR)

• Guided Self Regulation - the regulated sectors (primarily, the industries and project proponents) are guided (taken by the hand, so to speak) towards achieving the goal of self-regulation and environmental compliance through environmental mainstreaming tools

1. Environmental policy

2. Environmental Budgeting

3. Environmental Monitoring Committee

4. Environmental Facility

5. Environmental Competency

6. Environmental Reporting & Communication

7. Environmental Transparency

ENVIRONMENTAL MAINSTREAMING

TOOLS

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Domestic

Solid

Waste

Industrial

Solid

Waste

Imported

Solid

Waste

Public

Solid

Waste Institutional

Solid

Waste

Construction

Solid Waste

Commercial

Solid Waste Type of

Controlled

Solid Waste

Scheduled Waste Scheduled waste

2. Common

scheduled waste

generated eg. Used

lubricant oil, clinical

waste, e-waste,

chemical waste

3. Scheduled waste

is collected by

licensed contractor

and disposed at

licensed facility

1. Scheduled waste

in 77 category

stated in SWR 2005

1. Household e-waste

eg. Computer,

washing machine,

fridge etc

2. Lithium / lead

batteries

3. Mostly disposed

into landfill

Source: JPSPN

3. SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT

Scheduled waste

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36

LEGISLATION FOR SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT

SECTION 34B, EQA 1974-Prohibiton

against placing, deposit, etc or

scheduled wastes

(1) No person shall

a) place, deposit or dispose of, except at

premises only, any scheduled wastes on

land or into Malaysian waters:

b) Receive or send, or cause or permit to

received or sent any scheduled wastes

in or out of Malaysia

c) Transit

without any prior written approval of the

Director General

REGULATIONS

Fine not exceeding

RM500,000 or

imprisonment for a term not

exceeding 5 years or both

PENALTY PENALTY Non-compliance to SW

Regulations 2005 - may be

compounded RM2,000.

In Malaysia the control of wastes is governed by Environmental Quality Act 1974.

The Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005 (SWR) requires all wastes to be handled properly and as far as possible, be rendered innocuous prior to disposal and be treated at prescribed premises or on-site treatment facilities .

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SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SABAH

Waste Generator Licensed Recovery/ Incineration or

Offsite Storage in Sabah

Licensed Recovery/ Insineration

or Offsite Storage Disposal

Facilities

Licensed Waste

Transporter

Licensed Waste

Transporter

Port

Cargo Ship/ Vessel

To Peninsular /Sarawak

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Legenda Bumimas Sdn. Bhd.

NCT Forwarding & Shipping Sdn. Bhd.

Petrojadi Sdn. Bhd.

Restu Logistik Sdn. Bhd.

Segar Alam Kinabalu

Tiong Cheong Sdn. Bhd.

Sedafiat Sdn. Bhd.

Wawasan Oil Recycle Sdn. Bhd.

Pentas Flora Sdn. Bhd.

List of Licensed Scheduled Waste Facilities in Sabah

In red colour – License for e-waste collection

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Specially Crafted by | TAQI’UDDIN HAMZAH 39

NUMBER OF SCHEDULED WASTE LICENSE ISSUED

IN SABAH

01 Prescribed transporters = 9 licenses

Off-site Storage Facilities = 6 licenses 02

Incineration = 3 licenses 03

Off-site Recovery Facility = 1 license 04

Microwave Treatment Facility = 1 license 05

Total Licenses : 20

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40

SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUE IN

SABAH

4 2

1

3

2

4 3

1

Most of scheduled wastes from

domestic are disposed in

landfill. For example household

e-waste. There is no permanent

collection center provided by

NGO or Local Authority in

Sabah since the transportation

cost for disposal is not

subsidized by Government

Lack of awareness among

public and industries in

scheduled waste management

No integrated SW disposal

facility in Sabah. The existing

facilities only for off-site

storage, recovery (limited for

certain SW code only) and

incineration. Scheduled waste

and residue from the facilities

need to be sent out to

Peninsular or Sarawak for

disposal.

The operation of licensed SW

facilities operation are

centralized in Kota Kinabalu

and only one facility in

Sandakan. They have to collect

SW from waste generators in

whole Sabah

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PICTURE 12: E-WASTE DUMPING AT LANDFILL

Page 42: POLLUTION CONTROL IN LANDFILLS - DOE’S … Solid Waste Mgt...(EQA) on 14 March 1974. From thereon, an enforcement agency named Department of Environment (DOE) was institutionalised

PICTURE 13: E-WASTE DUMPING AT LANDFILL

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HOW CAN LOCAL AUTHORITY HELP TO OVERCOME

THESE ISSUES

5

1 2

3

4

Closely monitor the landfill

operation by Local Authorities

to ensure no scheduled wastes

are disposed into landfill

To inform the appointed solid waste

Contractors/ Staff to divert the scheduled

wastes collected (if any) to licensed

contractors by DOE

To inform all appointed solid waste

contractors to be licensed by DOE

to collect scheduled waste

Establish e-waste collection

center for public to send their

household e-waste for proper

disposal

Educate the community to

reduce generation of waste,

segregation & proper disposal of

schedule waste

4

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ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR

CONSTRUCTION OF SOLID WASTE THERMAL

TREATMENT PLANT (INCINERATOR) 1. Located at Special Industry

Zone IN(S) with minimum buffer

zone of 500 metres 3. Written Notification for

Incinerator under Regulation 5,

(Clean Air) Regulation 2014 - must

be submitted and approved by

Department of Environment,

Putrajaya

2. Prescribed activity under

Environmental Order (Prescribed

Activity)(Environmental Impact

Asessment) 2015

• Schedule 2, Activity 14(b)(i): Solid

Waste –Construction of Thermal

Treatment Plant (Incinerator).

• => Public Display – for comments

• TOR document and EIA Report

must be submitted and approved

by Department of Environment,

Putrajaya

4. Any emission from the

incinerator must comply with limit

values and technical standards

specified in Third Schedule,

Section K, Waste Incinerators in All

Sizes, under Regulation 5,

Environmental (Clean Air)

Regulations 2014.

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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

River Water Quality

Marine/Island Water Quality

Ground Water Quality

Air Quality

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Page 47: POLLUTION CONTROL IN LANDFILLS - DOE’S … Solid Waste Mgt...(EQA) on 14 March 1974. From thereon, an enforcement agency named Department of Environment (DOE) was institutionalised
Page 48: POLLUTION CONTROL IN LANDFILLS - DOE’S … Solid Waste Mgt...(EQA) on 14 March 1974. From thereon, an enforcement agency named Department of Environment (DOE) was institutionalised

CONCLUSION

• Divert the waste from landfill for reutilization (3R)

• Inform immediately if OB occurs and take necessary action to control, abate or eliminate the pollution.

• Comply with the requirement under the EQA 1974.

48

Together, We Are Committed To Protect The Environment.

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H “NEGARAKU, ALAM

SEKITARKU”

“OUR NATION, OUR ENVIRONMENT”

Page 50: POLLUTION CONTROL IN LANDFILLS - DOE’S … Solid Waste Mgt...(EQA) on 14 March 1974. From thereon, an enforcement agency named Department of Environment (DOE) was institutionalised

Thank you.

Email: [email protected] Tel: 088-488166 DOE Hotline: 1-800-88-2727