pollution control in landfills - doe’s … solid waste mgt...(eqa) on 14 march 1974. from thereon,...
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SIMPOSIUM PENGURUSAN SISA PEPEJAL NEGERI SABAH 7 DISEMBER 2017
TH HOTEL, KOTA KINABALU, SABAH --------------------------------------------
POLLUTION CONTROL IN LANDFILLS - DOE’S
PERSPECTIVES
By
TUNKU KHALKAUSAR TUNKU FATHAHI
DIRECTOR
DEPARMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, SABAH
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TABLE OF CONTENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
INTRODUCTION 6. REQUIREMENT UNDER
EQA 1974 FOR INCINERATION
(& TRANSFER STATION)
ISSUES - Scheduled Waste Management
LANDFILL
ISSUES - Open Burning
ISSUES - Leachate
8. CONCLUSION
7. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
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INTRODUCTION
Environmental Conservation
for the well-being of the
people
1. Vision 1. Pollution Control and
Prevention
2. Sustainable Development
Through Conservation of
Resources
3. Integration of Environmental
Factors in Development
Planning
4. Promotion of Environmental
Education and Awareness
5. Public Participation
6. Inter-Agency and Federal-
State Cooperation
7. Bilateral, Regional and
International Cooperation
4. Strategies
To ensure sustainable
development in the
process of nation building
2. Mision
To administer and enforce the
EQA 1974 and Section IV of
the Exclusive Economic Zone
Act, 1984
3. Function
Environmental Management in Malaysia become more focussed - Gazettment of the Environmental Quality Act
(EQA) on 14 March 1974.
From thereon, an enforcement agency named Department of Environment (DOE) was institutionalised in 1975.
DOE’s main role is to prevent, control and abate pollution through the enforcement of EQA, 1974.
DOE’s 3 Functional Areas
• WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
• AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
• WASTE MANAGEMENT
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LANDFILL
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (CONTROL
OF POLLUTION FROM SOLID WASTE
TRANSFER STATION AND LANDFILL)
REGULATIONS 2009
Regulation 5 - An owner or occupier of
solid waste transfer station or landfill
shall design and operate the solid
waste transfer station or landfill in such
a manner that the following are
strictly controlled:
Landfill - a waste disposal site for the
deposit of solid waste onto or into land
b) air pollution
d) Entry or disposal
of scheduled wastes
c) Pollution of the
soil, surface water
or groundwater
a) noise, dust and
odours
- Apply to solid waste transfer station
and landfills which discharge or
release leachate
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LIST OF LANDFILL IN SABAH 1. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kayu Madang, Telipok
(Sanitari)
12.Tapak Pelupusan Sampah (Majlis Daerah Telupid)
2. Pusat Pelupusan Sampah Keningau (Sanitari) 13. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kinabatangan
3.Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kg. Mangin, Kota
Marudu
14. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah (Majlis Perbandaran
Telupid)
4. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah
(Majlis Daerah Tongod)
15. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Lahad Datu
5. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Beaufort 16. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kuala Penyu
6. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah (Majlis Daerah
Beluran)
17. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Bukit Gemuk, Tawau
7. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kudat 18. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Amboi II, Tenom
8. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Sipitang 19.Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kota Marudu (Kg.
Tambun)
9. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Ranau 20. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Daerah Semporna
10. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Mengkalai, Tambunan 21. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kg. Langkawit, Papar
11. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kunak 22. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Menumbok
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POLLUTION ISSUES FROM LANDFILL
OPERATIONS
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Scheduled Waste
Open burning
Leachate
Scheduled waste from
industries and
households
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1. OPEN BURNING
Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary contained in this Act, no
person shall allow or cause open
burning on any premises
Section 29A(1)
Fine not exceeding RM500,000
or imprisonment for a term not
exceeding 5 years or both
Section 29A(2)
Section 29A –
Prohibition on open
burning
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SECTION 29 EQA 1974
Open Burning
• any fire, combustion or smouldering that occurs in the open air and which is not directed there through a chimney or stack
Prohibition of Open Burning
• Section 29 Environmental Quality Act 1974
• No person shall allow or cause open burning on any premises
Penalty
• Fine RM500,000 or 5 year imprisonment or both
• Compound RM2,000
Who’s liable?
• The owner or
• The occupier of the premises
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IMPACT OF OPEN BURNING
• Air Pollution
• Health Impact
• Accidents
• Socio-Economic/ Tourism
• Climate change
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MALAYSIA: NUMBER OF COMPLAINT
RECEIVED BY DOE (2016)
Malaysia: Number of Complaint by Type of Pollution (2016)
Malaysia: Number of Complaint by States (2016)
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Malaysia: Total Number of Complaint according to Sub Category (2016)
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Malaysia: Number of Complaints According to Sub Category (Air Pollution)(2016)
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SABAH: TRENDS OF COMPLAINTS INVOLVING OPEN BURNING
100
85
70
104
119
33
201 209
188
219 233
66
0
50
100
150
200
250
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
OPEN…OVERALL
NO. OF COMPLAINTS
YEAR
Updated: 17 April 2017
Til 6 Dec 2017 = 108 (overall 211)
=> 51%
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Specially Crafted by | TAQI’UDDIN HAMZAH 14
POSSIBLE CAUSES OF OPEN BURNING IN LANDFILL
OPEN
BURNING ON
LANDFILL
Fuel
Scavengers Spontaneous
Methane
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4 AUGUST 2017 - 18 HOTSPOTS IN SABAH
ONE OF THE HOTSPOTS - PAPAR LANDFILL
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CASES OF OPEN BURNING ON
LANDFILL
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1
3
2
6
0
6
3
4
1
1
LEGEND : PUBLIC COMPLAINT
AIR SURVEILLANCE
2017
8
0
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PICTURE 1 : TYRES BURNING IN KAYU MADANG
LANDFILL ON 1 MARCH 2017
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PICTURE 2 : TYRES BURNING IN KAYU MADANG
LANDFILL ON 1 MARCH 2017
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PICTURE 3: OPEN BURNING ON LANDFILL
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PICTURE 4 : OPEN BURNING AND UNTREATED
LEACHATE ON LANDFILL NEAR MANGROVE
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LANDFILL CONTROL MEASURES TO PREVENT OPEN
BURNING
1 2
3 4
• installing fences
• permanent barriers
on site perimeter to
stop scavengers
from entering the
landfill
• CCTV
Security System • segregate waste prior to
disposal in landfill to avoid the
mixture of the flammable
substances and other
substances that trigger fire
Segregation
• Monitor incoming waste
• Compacted & daily soil
cover
• Emergency Response –
In-house Fire Fighting
Equipment
Proper Management/Daily Operations
• Educate
contractors/scavengers/
community - not to
conduct Open Burning
• Inform DOE immediately
whenever OB occurs in
landfill
• Take proper action to put
off fire
• Control/Mitigation
Measures to be in place
Information sharing & Reporting
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2. LEACHATE
Provision of leachate treatment
system
No person shall operate a solid waste
transfer station or landfill without a
leachate treatment system
LEACHATE
Means liquid that has percolated through
solid waste and has been extracted or
dissolved, or suspended materials from
the solid waste, or liquid discharged or
released from a solid waste transfer
station or landfill.
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM SOLID WASTE
TRANSFER STATION AND LANDFILL) REGULATIONS 2009
Section 24 : Restriction on
pollution of the soil
Section 25 : Restriction on
pollution of inland waters
Fine not exceeding RM100,000 or
imprisonment for a term not
exceeding 5 years or both and to a
further fine not exceeding RM1000
per day for everyday that the offence
is continued after a notice served
Fine not exceeding RM100,000 or
imprisonment for a term not
exceeding 5 years or both and to a
further fine not exceeding RM1000
per day for everyday that the offence
is continued after a notice served
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REQUIREMENT UNDER THE EQA 1974 FOR LEACHATE MANAGEMENT
LTP design by PE & to notify DOE
Performance monitoring
Monitoring of leachate discharge
Final discharge to comply to DOE
discharge standard
Competent person
Record Keeping & Training
Leachate to be treated in Leachate
Treatment Plant (LTP)
Regular Reporting to DOE
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PICTURE 5 : LEACHATE TREATMENT PLANT AT
KAYU MADANG
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PICTURE 6 :KAYU MADANG LEACHATE TREATMENT
PLANT NEAR RIVER AT KAMPUNG LAPASAN
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PICTURE 7:OPEN BURNING AND UNTREATED
LEACHATE ON LANDFILL NEAR MANGROVE
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PICTURE 8: LANDFILL NEAR RIVER
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PICTURE 8: KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL
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KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL
Keningau Sanitary Landfill is the only sanitary
landfill in Sabah.
This landfill has been operating since 2011
Problematic parameters - colour, mercury and
manganese & lead.
Suggestions for improvement :
1. Competent person & to conduct performance
monitoring – early detection of non-compliance
2. Upgrade the treatment system to comply with
the DOE discharge standard.
3. Ensure no scheduled waste disposed into the
landfill
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PICTURE 9: KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL
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PICTURE 10: KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL
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PICTURE 11: FINAL DISCHARGE POINT AT
KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL
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Most of landfills in Sabah do
not have leachate treatment
system
Lack of awareness on DOE
Regulations Requirement on
Leachate Management
The existing sanitary
landfills with
leachate treatment
system need to be
upgraded and
operated properly to
treat the leachate to
comply with DOE
discharge standard
ISSUES ON LEACHATE IN SABAH Non sanitary landfills
– to be closed or upgraded
(leachate recirculation,
lining etc.
- Daily operation to be
improved e.g monitoring
of incoming waste, daily
cover, waste
segregation, etc)
- Priority to landfill
located upstream of
water intake or water
courses
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CURRENT APPROACH BY DOE IN POLLUTION
CONTROL
GUIDED SELF-REGULATION (GSR)
• Guided Self Regulation - the regulated sectors (primarily, the industries and project proponents) are guided (taken by the hand, so to speak) towards achieving the goal of self-regulation and environmental compliance through environmental mainstreaming tools
1. Environmental policy
2. Environmental Budgeting
3. Environmental Monitoring Committee
4. Environmental Facility
5. Environmental Competency
6. Environmental Reporting & Communication
7. Environmental Transparency
ENVIRONMENTAL MAINSTREAMING
TOOLS
Domestic
Solid
Waste
Industrial
Solid
Waste
Imported
Solid
Waste
Public
Solid
Waste Institutional
Solid
Waste
Construction
Solid Waste
Commercial
Solid Waste Type of
Controlled
Solid Waste
Scheduled Waste Scheduled waste
2. Common
scheduled waste
generated eg. Used
lubricant oil, clinical
waste, e-waste,
chemical waste
3. Scheduled waste
is collected by
licensed contractor
and disposed at
licensed facility
1. Scheduled waste
in 77 category
stated in SWR 2005
1. Household e-waste
eg. Computer,
washing machine,
fridge etc
2. Lithium / lead
batteries
3. Mostly disposed
into landfill
Source: JPSPN
3. SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT
Scheduled waste
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LEGISLATION FOR SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT
SECTION 34B, EQA 1974-Prohibiton
against placing, deposit, etc or
scheduled wastes
(1) No person shall
a) place, deposit or dispose of, except at
premises only, any scheduled wastes on
land or into Malaysian waters:
b) Receive or send, or cause or permit to
received or sent any scheduled wastes
in or out of Malaysia
c) Transit
without any prior written approval of the
Director General
REGULATIONS
Fine not exceeding
RM500,000 or
imprisonment for a term not
exceeding 5 years or both
PENALTY PENALTY Non-compliance to SW
Regulations 2005 - may be
compounded RM2,000.
In Malaysia the control of wastes is governed by Environmental Quality Act 1974.
The Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005 (SWR) requires all wastes to be handled properly and as far as possible, be rendered innocuous prior to disposal and be treated at prescribed premises or on-site treatment facilities .
SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SABAH
Waste Generator Licensed Recovery/ Incineration or
Offsite Storage in Sabah
Licensed Recovery/ Insineration
or Offsite Storage Disposal
Facilities
Licensed Waste
Transporter
Licensed Waste
Transporter
Port
Cargo Ship/ Vessel
To Peninsular /Sarawak
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Legenda Bumimas Sdn. Bhd.
NCT Forwarding & Shipping Sdn. Bhd.
Petrojadi Sdn. Bhd.
Restu Logistik Sdn. Bhd.
Segar Alam Kinabalu
Tiong Cheong Sdn. Bhd.
Sedafiat Sdn. Bhd.
Wawasan Oil Recycle Sdn. Bhd.
Pentas Flora Sdn. Bhd.
List of Licensed Scheduled Waste Facilities in Sabah
In red colour – License for e-waste collection
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Specially Crafted by | TAQI’UDDIN HAMZAH 39
NUMBER OF SCHEDULED WASTE LICENSE ISSUED
IN SABAH
01 Prescribed transporters = 9 licenses
Off-site Storage Facilities = 6 licenses 02
Incineration = 3 licenses 03
Off-site Recovery Facility = 1 license 04
Microwave Treatment Facility = 1 license 05
Total Licenses : 20
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SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUE IN
SABAH
4 2
1
3
2
4 3
1
Most of scheduled wastes from
domestic are disposed in
landfill. For example household
e-waste. There is no permanent
collection center provided by
NGO or Local Authority in
Sabah since the transportation
cost for disposal is not
subsidized by Government
Lack of awareness among
public and industries in
scheduled waste management
No integrated SW disposal
facility in Sabah. The existing
facilities only for off-site
storage, recovery (limited for
certain SW code only) and
incineration. Scheduled waste
and residue from the facilities
need to be sent out to
Peninsular or Sarawak for
disposal.
The operation of licensed SW
facilities operation are
centralized in Kota Kinabalu
and only one facility in
Sandakan. They have to collect
SW from waste generators in
whole Sabah
PICTURE 12: E-WASTE DUMPING AT LANDFILL
PICTURE 13: E-WASTE DUMPING AT LANDFILL
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HOW CAN LOCAL AUTHORITY HELP TO OVERCOME
THESE ISSUES
5
1 2
3
4
Closely monitor the landfill
operation by Local Authorities
to ensure no scheduled wastes
are disposed into landfill
To inform the appointed solid waste
Contractors/ Staff to divert the scheduled
wastes collected (if any) to licensed
contractors by DOE
To inform all appointed solid waste
contractors to be licensed by DOE
to collect scheduled waste
Establish e-waste collection
center for public to send their
household e-waste for proper
disposal
Educate the community to
reduce generation of waste,
segregation & proper disposal of
schedule waste
4
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ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF SOLID WASTE THERMAL
TREATMENT PLANT (INCINERATOR) 1. Located at Special Industry
Zone IN(S) with minimum buffer
zone of 500 metres 3. Written Notification for
Incinerator under Regulation 5,
(Clean Air) Regulation 2014 - must
be submitted and approved by
Department of Environment,
Putrajaya
2. Prescribed activity under
Environmental Order (Prescribed
Activity)(Environmental Impact
Asessment) 2015
• Schedule 2, Activity 14(b)(i): Solid
Waste –Construction of Thermal
Treatment Plant (Incinerator).
• => Public Display – for comments
• TOR document and EIA Report
must be submitted and approved
by Department of Environment,
Putrajaya
4. Any emission from the
incinerator must comply with limit
values and technical standards
specified in Third Schedule,
Section K, Waste Incinerators in All
Sizes, under Regulation 5,
Environmental (Clean Air)
Regulations 2014.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
River Water Quality
Marine/Island Water Quality
Ground Water Quality
Air Quality
CONCLUSION
• Divert the waste from landfill for reutilization (3R)
• Inform immediately if OB occurs and take necessary action to control, abate or eliminate the pollution.
• Comply with the requirement under the EQA 1974.
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Together, We Are Committed To Protect The Environment.
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SEKITARKU”
“OUR NATION, OUR ENVIRONMENT”
Thank you.
Email: [email protected] Tel: 088-488166 DOE Hotline: 1-800-88-2727