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@ De SondraComputers are no longer a luxury but rather a commodity (komputer bukan lagi barang mewah, tetapi komoditas).Computers and their applications are involved in all aspects of our daily life (Komputer dan aplikasinya merambah seluruh aspek kehidupan sehari-hari).

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@ De SondraPendidikanKedokteranPerancanganPerindustrianKemiliteranMeningkatkan kesempatan kerjaMeningkatkan ProduktifitasMeningkatkan Kemampuan ManusiaHiburanBisnis

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@ De SondraEvery computer in use today follows the basic plan laid out by Charles Babbage and Lady Lovelace (Komputer saat ini merupakan rancangan dasar dari Babbage dan Lovelace).

The computer is an incredibly versatile tool.It can compute your taxes or deploy a missile.

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@ De SondraAll computers take in information called input and give out information called output.

A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it in a storage media for future use

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@ De Sondra The computers versatility is built upon its:

Hardware: The physical part

Software: The instructions that tells hardware how to transform the input data (information in a form it can read) into the necessary output

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@ De SondraThe First Real Computers:1939: Konrad Zuse completed the first programmable, general-purpose digital computer.

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@ De SondraAt about the same time, the British government was assembling a top-secret team of mathematicians and engineers to crack Nazi military codes.

1943: The team led by mathematician Alan Turing and others completed Colossus, considered by many to be the first electronic digital computer.

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@ De Sondra1939: Iowa State University professor John Atanasoff developed what could have been the first electronic digital computer, the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC).

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@ De Sondra1944: Thanks to a one million dollar grant from IBM, Harvard professor Howard Aiken developed the Mark I.

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@ De SondraJohn Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert helped the U.S. effort in World War II by constructing a machine to calculate trajectory tables for new guns. ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

After the war, Mauchly and Eckert started a private company called Sperry and created UNIVAC I, the first general-purpose commercial computer.

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@ De SondraUNIVACENIAC

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@ De SondraVacuum tubes were used in early computers.Transistors replaced vacuum tubes starting in 1956.By the mid-1960s transistors were replaced by integrated circuits (IC).

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@ De Sondra1st Generation (1951 - 1958) : Vacuum TubesMemory was made up of hundreds of vacuum tubes or sometimes magnetic drumGave off so much heat that even if they were cooled by gigantic air conditioners.Input and output media were punched cards and magnetic tapes IBM Punched Card (input)Magnetic Tapes (output)Vacuum Tubes (memory)

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@ De Sondraan electronic switch that alternately allow or disallow electronic signal to pass, replaces vacuum tubes These transistors were made of solid material, some of which is silicon, therefore they were very cheap to produce Much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and generate less heat, conduct electricity faster.2nd Generation (1959 - 1964) : Transistor

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@ De SondraAn electronic circuit that packages transistors and other electronic components into one small silicon chip called semiconductor.The number of transistors that is placed on a single chip has increased, shrinking both the size and cost of computers.Keyboards and monitors were used. Magnetic disks were used widely as secondary storage 3rd Generation (1965 - 1971) : Integrated Circuit

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Explanations: Clarifying TechnologyComputer literacy is already improving our day-to-day lives and careers (meningkatkan karir dan kehidupan sehari-hari).Applications: Computers in ActionApplications enable you to use a computer for specific purposes.

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@ De SondraApplication: Digital Technology in ActionNetwork applicationsWord processing and desktop publishing Spreadsheets and other number-crunching applications DatabasesComputer graphics and digital image processing Digital audio, digital video, and multimedia Entertainment Customized problem-solvingArtificial intelligence

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Implications: Social and Ethical IssuesThe threat to personal privacy posed by large databases and computer networks (ancaman terhadap keleluasaan pribadi dari NW dan DB yg besar)

The hazards of high-tech crime and the difficulty of keeping data secure (resiko hi-tech dari kriminal dan kesulitan menjamin pemeliharaan data)

The difficulty of defining and protecting intellectual property in an all-digital age (kesulitan melindungi property intelektual di dalam era digital)

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The threat of automation and the dehumanization of work (ancaman dari otomasi dan dehumanisasi pekerjaan)

The abuse of information as a tool of political and economic power (penyalahgunaan informasi sebagai alat politik dan ekonomi)

The emergence of bio-digital technology (kemunculan teknologi bio-digital)

The dangers of dependence on complex technology (bahaya ketergantungan teknologi)

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@ De SondraBahwa Keahlian Komputer merupakan standar keahlian minimal yang harus dimiliki untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan daya saing di pasar tenaga kerja dalam masyarakat informasi

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@ De SondraComputers have evolved at an incredible pace since Charles Babbages plan for an Analytical Engine (meningkat dengan takmasuk akal) Computers today come in all shapes and sizes, with specific types being well-suited for particular jobs (Komputer saat ini dgn berbagai bentuk dan ukuran, type spesifik untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan tertentu).

Connecting to a network enhances the value and power of a computer (Kemampuan Komunikasi (network) meningkatkan nilai dari komputer) :InternetWWWEmail

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@ De SondraComputers and information technology have changed the world rapidly and irreversibly (Dunia berubah dengan cepat berkat komputer dan TI).

Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, offer promise for future applications (Teknologi baru, AI, menjanjikan aplikasi masa depan).

Computers also threaten our privacy, our security, and perhaps our way of life (Ancaman terhadap pribadi dan keamanan kehidupan kita).

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