p8 sig pertambangan principle steps in gis spatial

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1 SIG Pertambangan (Theory of Spatial Analysis : Principle Steps in GIS Spatial) Oleh : Irvani Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan SKS, Penilaian & Kehadiran : Banyaknya SKS = 2 SKS (Teori) Penilaian : - Absensi 10% - Tugas 20% - Teori (UTS & UAS) 70% Kehadiran minimal 75% dari 14x perkualiahan Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

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Page 1: P8 sig pertambangan principle steps in gis spatial

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SIG Pertambangan(Theory of Spatial Analysis : Principle Steps in GIS Spatial)

Oleh :Irvani

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

SKS, Penilaian & Kehadiran :

Banyaknya SKS = 2 SKS (Teori)

Penilaian :- Absensi 10%- Tugas 20%- Teori (UTS & UAS) 70%

Kehadiran minimal 75% dari 14x perkualiahan

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

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Referensi :Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

• Bonham-Carter, G.F. (1994) Geographic Information System for Geoscientists: Modellingwith GIS. Delta Printing , Ontario, 398 p.

• Harris, J.R. (ed) (2006) GIS For The Earth Sciences. GAC Special Paper 44, Geological Association of Canada, 616 p.

• de By, R.A. (ed) (2000) Principles of Geographic Information Systems. ITC educational Texbook Series, Netherlands.

• Huisman, O. And de By, R.A. (2009) Principles of Geographic Information Systems. ITC educational Texbook Series, Netherlands.

• Mitchel, A. (1999) The ESRI guide to GIS Analysis. Volume 1: Geographic patterns & Relationships, ESRI Press, 186 pp.

• Kennedy, H. (ed) (2001) Dictionary of GIS terminology. ESRI Press, Redlands, 116 p.• Longley, P.A., Goodchild, M.F., Maguire, D.J. and Rhind, D.W. (2001) Geographic

Information Systems and Science. John Wiley & Sons, 454 pp.• Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F., and Rhind, D. W. (eds) (1991) Geographical information

systems: principles and applications, Longman. • Zeiler, M. (1999) Modeling Our World: the ESRI Guide to Geodatabase Design. ESRI Press,

Redlands, 198 p.• ESRI Homepage ( http://esri.com/index.html ) : understanding GIS, industry applications,

user conference, virtual campus, ESRI Press books

Materi/Pokok BahasanI Pendahuluan (P.1)

II Overview of GIS (P.2)

III Map Projection and Coordinate System (P.3-4)

IV GIS for Geoscience (P.5)

V GIS Database (P.6)

VI Theory of Spatial Analysis (P.7-9)a. Metode AHPb. Principle Steps

in GIS Spatialc. GIS Processing

VII Introduction to ArcGIS or MapInfo (P.10) (Option)

VIII Case Studies/Latihan (P.11-14)

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

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Thematic Layers and Datasets

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Feature vs. Attribute Data

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Types of Attribute Values

1.2.

TextData measurements:

1.2.

3.

4.

RatioInterval

Ordinal

Nominal

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Types of Attribute Data

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Types of Attribute Data

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Types of Attribute Data

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Types of Attribute Data

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Pattern, Process and Spatial Analysis

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Process, Pattern and Analysis

• Processes operating in spacepatterns

produce

• Spatial Analysis is aimed at:describing the understanding

––

IdentifyingIdentifying

andand

patternthe process

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Spatial Analysis: successive levels of sophistication

1. Spatial data manipulation: classic GIS capabilities– Spatial queries & measurement, buffering, map layer overlaySpatial data analysis: descriptive and exploratory2.– Visualization through data manipulation and mapping

• John Snow’s maps of cholera in 1850s London

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Spatial Analysis: successive levels of sophistication

3. Spatial statistical analysis: hypothesis testing– Are data “to be expected” or are they “unexpected”relative to some statistical model, usually of a random processSpatial modeling: prediction4.– Constructing models

outcomes (patterns)(of processes) to predict spatial

– What if analyses

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The Pitfalls of Spatial AnalysisSpatial autocorrelation•

Data from location near to each other are more likely to be similar than data from location remote from each otherCauses serious problems with traditional statistical models

• Spatial statistical models are essential• Modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP)

– Results may depend on the areal unit used••

Census tracts versus counties (scale issue)Census tracts versus zip codes (not a scale issue)

• Ecological fallacy–

––

Results obtained from aggregated data (e.g. census tracts) cannot be assumed to apply to individual peopleA special case of the MAUP problemEncountered in spatial and non-spatial analysis

• Scale affects representation and results––

Cities may be points or polygonsMAUP may be viewed as a scale issue

• Non-uniformity of Space and Edge Issues–

Phenomena is not distributed evenly in space

Edges, beyond which there is no data, can significantly effect results• Bank robberies cluster ‘because banks are clustered in space

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Principle Steps

in GIS Spatial Analysis

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RasterCalculator

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Terima Kasih

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan