nutrition f5

7/29/2019 Nutrition F5

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NUTRISI

&

PENGELUARAN

MAKANAN


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Objektif Pembelajaran

2.1 Menilai kepentingan mengambil makananbernutrisi dan mengamalkan tabiatpemakanan yang sihat.

2.2 Menganalisis keperluan nutrien olehtumbuhan.

2.3 Menganalisis kitar nitrogen dankepentingannya.

2.4 Menghargai kepentingan amalanpengambilan nutrisi yang baik.


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Apa yang andafaham tentangnutrisi?

Nutrisi = Zat-zat yang terkandung dalam makanan(bahan-bahan organik) yang diperlukan

oleh tubuh untukpembentukan tenagabagi melakukan aktiviti seharian dankekal sihat.

Nutrisi penting sebagai proses pengambilan zat-zat makanan yang sihat bagi tubuh yang manatubuh memerlukan beberapa jenis makanan setiaphari.

Antara jenis nutrisi yang diperlukan adalahkarbohidrat, lemak, protein, vitamin, garammineral, air dan sebagainya.


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Jumlah tenaga dalam makanan diukur dalam nilaikalori.Nilai kalori bagi suatu makanan merupakanjumlah tenaga yang dibebaskan apabila 1gmakanan dioksidakan dengan lengkap.

Nilai Kalori Makanan

1 kalori (cal) = 4.2 Joule (J)1 kilokalori (kcal) = 4.2 kilojoule (kJ)

Nilai kalori (kJ) = Jisim air x kenaikan suhu (Y-X) C x 4.2Jisim makanan x 1000


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Faktor-faktor yangmempengaruhi keperluan kalori

individu


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Faktor-faktor yangmempengaruhi

keperluan kaloriindividu

Aktiviti Fizikal

Jantina

KeadaankesihatanSuhu

Persekitaran

Saiz Badan

Umur


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Kaitan antara Masalah Kesihatandengan

Amalan Pengambilan Nutrisi


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MasalahKesihatan

Punca GejalaCara

Mengatasi

1. Kwasyiorkor Kekurangan

protein .

Hilang selera

makan. Tumbesaranperlahan.Abdomenmembengkak

akibatpengumpulancecair badan.

Makan

makananberproteintinggi sepertidaging, telur dansusu.

2. Beri-beri Kekuranganvitamin B

Hilang seleramakan.

Anemia. Lumpuh.

Makanmakanan

bervitamin Bseperti daging,pisang, tempe,dan kentang.


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MasalahKesihatan

Punca GejalaCara

Mengatasi

3. Skurvi Kekurangan

vitamin C.

Gusi

berdarah. Hilang seleramakan. Sendi menjadisakit.

Makan buah-

buahan sepertioren,strawberry,kiwi, dansayuranseperti

bayam danbrokoli.

4. Rabun malam Kekuranganvitamin A.

Penglihatankabur padawaktu malam.

Makanmakananbervitamin A

seperti hati,lobak merah,tomato danbetik.


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MasalahKesihatan

Punca GejalaCara

Mengatasi

5. Goiter Kekurangan

mineral iodin.

Kelenjar

tiroidmembesar.

Makan

makanan laut,garam beriodindan rumpai laut.

6. Anemia Kekuranganzat besi.

Pening. Sakit kepala. Degupan

jantung pantas. Tidak cukupnafas.

Makan kacangpanggang, ayam,ikan, kacang

soya, roti putihdan kismis.


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MasalahKesihatan

Punca GejalaCara

Mengatasi

7. Riket Kekuranganvitamin D.

Berpeluh-peluh. Rasa sakit didalam tulang.

kecacatanbentuk tulang.

Minum susuyang kayadengan vitaminD.

Dedahkankepada cahayamatahari (waktupagi). Makan minyakikan.


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Kaitan antara Masalah KesihatanDengan

Tabiat Pemakanan


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MALNUTRITION


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OBESITY


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ANEROXIA NERVOSA


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2.2 Keperluan Nutrien oleh Tumbuhan


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KITAR NITROGEN&

KEPENTINGANNYA


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KITAR NITROGEN


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Refers to the total number of varietyand variability between living organism.

Total diversity estimated :

13 million- 15 million species

Identified and named : about 1.7 millionspecies

BIODIVERSITY


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TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY

Species diversity

Genetic diversity Ecosystem diversity


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Represents the heritable variation withinand between populations of species aswell as between species.

Each species consists of individuals withtheir own particular genetic composition

When the individuals interbreed,offspring have new combinations of the

genes

GENETIC DIVERSITY


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DNA the heredity material

New genetic variation arises by:gene and chromosome mutations

sexual reproduction

can be spread through the population byrecombination.


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Species diversity is the number of

different species of living things livingin an area.

SPECIES DIVERSITY

A SPECIEScan be defined as group or

population of similar organism that reproduce

by interbreeding within the group
http://www.physicalgeography.net/physgeoglos/d.htmlhttp://www.physicalgeography.net/physgeoglos/d.html


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Identified and named : about 1.7 millionspecies

Approximately :Insects : 950 000 species

Higher plants : 270 000 species

Lower plants : 120 000 speciesVertebrates : 45 000 species


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Most of the unclassified species on thisplanet are invertebrates.

insects, spiders, mollusks, sponges,flatworms, starfish, urchins, earthworms,

and crustaceans.

difficult to find and identify

small sizelive in habitats that are difficult to

explore.
http://www.physicalgeography.net/physgeoglos/i.htmlhttp://www.physicalgeography.net/physgeoglos/i.htmlhttp://www.physicalgeography.net/physgeoglos/i.html


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Ecosystem diversity is the variation ofhabitats, community types, and abioticenvironments present in a given area.

Consists of all living (biotic) and non-living things (abiotic) in a given area that

interact with one another.Example : rainforest, coral reefs, ponds,lakes, deserts, savannah, etc.

ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
http://www.physicalgeography.net/physgeoglos/e.htmlhttp://www.physicalgeography.net/physgeoglos/e.html


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INTRODUCTION

TO

LIVING ORGANISM

1.2 CONCEPT OF

UNITY OF LIFE


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THREE MAJOR ASPECTS

CELL AS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE

LIVING ORGANISM AS AN OPEN

THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM

DNA AS THE BIOLOGICAL

INFORMATION THAT ENSURES THECONTINUITY OF LIFE


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Cells

the basic unit of structure and function

capable of performing allthe activities oflife.

enclosed by a membrane

regulates the passage of materialsbetween the cell and its surroundings

THE CELLAS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE


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All living things are composed of cells

Unicellular organisms:exist as single cells

Multicellular organisms:made up ofgroups of cells workingtogether


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Basic building blocks of lifeLiving organisms share the same basic chemical

building blocks

Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids

Simple sugars Amino acids Fatty acids Nucleotides

eg. fats,

steroids

DNA, RNA

These basic building blocks are organized into thefundamental unit of all lifethe cell!


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LEVELS OF ORGANISATION


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Organisms exist as an open systems thatexchange energy and materials with theirsurroundings

The roots of a tree absorb water and nutrientsfrom the soil.

The leaves absorb carbon dioxide from the airand capture the energy of light to drivephotosynthesis.

The tree releases oxygen to its surroundings

ORGANISM AS AN OPENTHERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM


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The dynamics of any ecosystem includes thecycling of nutrients and the flow of energy.

Minerals acquired by plants will be returnedto soil by microorganisms that decomposeleaf litter, dead roots and other organic

debris.

Energy flow proceeds from sunlight to

photosynthetic organisms (producers) toorganisms that feed on plants (consumers).

Sunlight Producers Consumers


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The exchange of energy between anorganism and its surroundings involvesthe transformation of energy from oneform to another

Solar

Energy

Chemical

Energy

Kinetic

Energy

Heat Energy

Sunlight Producers Consumers


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Biological instructions for ordering theprocesses of life are encoded in DNA

(deoxyribonucleic acid)

DNA the units of inheritance that

transmit information from parents tooffspring.

THE CONTINUITY OF LIFE ISBASED ON DNA


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Each DNA moleculeis composed of two

long chains arrangedinto a double helix.

DNA consist of 4bases:

adenine (A)

guanine (G)

cytosine (C)

thymine (T)
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/dna.swf


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nutrition f5

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