nutirisi f2

Objektif pembelajaran menganalisis kelas-kelas makananMenilai kepentingan gizi seimbangMemahami sistem pencernaan manusia Memahami proses penyerapan makanan tercerna Memahami proses penyerapan semula air dan penyahtinjaanMempraktikkan amalan pemakanan yang sihat

2.1 Kelas-kelas makanan

Membekalkan tenaga

Kepentingan makanan

Menghangatkan badan

pembesaran

Membina tubuh badan sihat

Membina sel-sel baru

Memperbaiki dan memperbaharui tisu yang rosak

VITAMIN

KELAS MAKANAN

KARBOHIDRAT

PROTEIN

LEMAKGARAM

MINERAL

AIR

PELAWAS

MENU UTAMA

Terdiri daripada 4 gabungan unsur

kanji gula selulosa glikogen

Gula ringkas Gula kompleks

glukosa

fruktosa

galaktosalaktosa

maltosa

sukrosa

• Nasi

• Roti

• Ubi kentang

• Pisang

• Gula

• Ubi kayu

Membekalkan tenaga kepada tubuh badan untuk membolehkan kita membuat kerja serta menjalani segala aktiviti fizikal

sumber tenaga untuk proses fisiologi seperti pertumbuhan dan pembiakan

Membantu mengekalkan suhu badan melalui pengoksidaan karbohidrat dalam proses respirasi

tubuh badan menjadi lemah

pertumbuhan tubuh badan terbantut

kurang tenaga

Unit asas ialah asid amino.Terdiri daripada gabungan unsur

karbon hidrogen oksigennitrogen

fosforus sulfur

• Ikan

• Daging

• Telur

• Susu

• Sayur – sayuran

• Soya

Membaiki tisu badan yang rosak dan membina sel baru untuk pertumbuhan

penghasilan bahan kimia seperti enzim dan hormon

membekalkan tenaga apabila diperlukan

pembentukan tulang serta otot

• pertumbuhan terbantut

• penyakit kwasyiorkor

Terbentuk daripada gliserol dan asid lemakTerdiri daripada gabungan unsur

karbonhidrogen

oksigen

Lemak Haiwan Lemak Tumbuhan Mentega Minyak sapi krim keju kuning telur susu

Marjerin Minyak kacang tanah minyak kelapa sawit minyak zaitun

http://aa.wrs.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je56A.zGtETUIBvY7lPwx./SIG=1fhiemj1i/EXP=1148001726/**http%3A//malaysia.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fmalaysia.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Ddrink%252Bmilk%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253DFP-tab-img-t%2526x%253Dwrt%26w=1648%26h=2464%26imgurl=www.bourbonhouse.com%252Fbeta%252Fmedia%252Fimages%252FMilk_drink.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.bourbonhouse.com%252Fbeta%252Fmedia%252Fgallery.htm%26size=1.8MB%26name=Milk_drink.jpg%26p=drink%2Bmilk%26type=jpeg%26no=6%26tt=17629%26ei=UTF-8

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Membekalkan tenaga kepada tubuh badan

Lapisan lemak bawah kulit berfungsi sebagai penebat haba

Boleh melarutkan vitamin A, D, E, dan K

Dapat melindungi organ badan seperti jantung dan ginjal

tidak dapat memanaskan badan

tiada otot untuk melindungi organ

Bahan organik yang diperlukandalam kuantiti sedikit sahaja

VITAMIN B VITAMIN B VITAMIN AVITAMIN A VITAMIN CVITAMIN C

VITAMIN DVITAMIN D VITAMIN EVITAMIN E VITAMIN K VITAMIN K

MENU UTAMA PIRAMID

MAKANAN

Jenis Makanan

Susu, telur, minyak hati ikan, lobak merah

Kepentingan Membolehkan penglihatan yang baik pada waktu malam

Memelihara kesihatan kulitKesan Kekurangan

Rabun Malam Kulit Kering dan bersisik

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Jenis Makanan

Hati, kacang, susu, telur, bijiran, yissayur - sayuran

Kepentingan Mengawal pembebasan tenaga daripada karbohidrat

Memelihara fungsi sistem sarafKesan Kekurangan

Penyakit Beri – Beri(Kerosakan sistem saraf dan lumpuh)

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Penyakit beri beri

Jenis Makanan

Buah – buahan sitrus, tomato, betik, jambu, sayur - sayuran

Kepentingan Memelihara kesihatan gusi, gigi dan kulit

Kesan Kekurangan

Penyakit Skurvi (Gusi Mudah Berdarah)

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Jenis Makanan

Ikan, telur, susu, hati,

Kepentingan Membantu pertumbuhan tulang dan gigi yang kuat

Kesan Kekurangan

Penyakit Riket (tulang lemah dan melengkung)

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Jenis Makanan

Kacang, kuning telur, gandum, minyak sayuran

Kepentingan Memelihara fungsi sistem pembiakan

Kesan Kekurangan

Kemandulan

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Jenis Makanan

Sayur – sayuran hijau, hati, kuning telur

Kepentingan Diperlukan untuk pembekuan darah

Kesan Kekurangan

Pembekuan darah yang lambat

http://aa.wrs.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5aeQhGpEU4wAFNLlPwx./SIG=1egifg1l2/EXP=1147917840/**http%3A//malaysia.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fmalaysia.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Dsawi%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253DFP-tab-img-t%2526x%253Dwrt%26w=354%26h=292%26imgurl=agrolink.moa.my%252Fdoa%252FBM%252FCroptechbm%252Fsawi.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fagrolink.moa.my%252Fdoa%252FBM%252FCroptechbm%252Fsawi.html%26size=14.3kB%26name=sawi.jpg%26p=sawi%26type=jpeg%26no=1%26tt=1457%26ei=UTF-8

BESIBESIKALSIUMKALSIUM IODINIODIN

NATRIUMNATRIUM FOSFORUSFOSFORUS FLOURINFLOURINKALIUMKALIUM

Sejenis bahan semula jadi yang berasal

daripada sumber tumbuhan – tumbuhanDiperlukan dalam kuantiti yang kecil

untuk pertumbuhan dan mengekalkan kesihatan badan

MENU UTAMA PIRAMID

MAKANAN

Jenis Makanan

Susu, telur, sayur – sayuran hijau, keju

Kepentingan Pembentukan tulang dan gigi yang kuat

Pembekuan darahKesan

Kekurangan Penyakit riketTulang dan gigi dan rapuhPembekuan darah lambat

Jenis Makanan

Hati, daging, telur, sayur - sayuran

Kepentingan Pembinaan hemoglobin dalam sel darah merah untuk pengangkutan oksigen

Kesan Kekurangan

Penyakit Anemia

Jenis Makanan

Makanan laut, sayur – sayuran, garam beriodin rumpai laut

Kepentingan Penghasilan hormon untuk mengelakkan penyakit goiter

Kesan Kekurangan

Penyakit goiter (beguk)

Jenis Makanan

Garam (narium klorida)

Kepentingan Memelihara keseimbangan bendalir

Kesan Kekurangan

kekejangan otot

Daging, susu, ikan telur, kacang

Pembentukan tulang dan gigi yang kuat

Penyakit riket Kerosakan gigi

Jenis Makanan Air minuman, ikan, sayur -sayuran

Kepentingan Pembentukan tulang dan gigi yang

kuatKesan

Kekurangan Penyakit karies gigi

Jenis Makanan Daging, ikan, bijiran

Kepentingan Memelihara fungsi sistem saraf

Kesan Kekurangan

kelesuan dan kekejangan otot

Bahan bergentian (selulosa) yang tidakdapat dicernakan dalam sistem pencernaan

JENIS MAKANANJENIS MAKANAN KEPENTINGANKEPENTINGAN KESANKEKURANGAN

KESANKEKURANGAN

• Sayur – sayuran• buah - buahan

• Sayur – sayuran• buah - buahan

• Membantu pergerakan bahan makanan di sepanjang salur perncernaan

• Membantu pergerakan bahan makanan di sepanjang salur perncernaan

• Sembelit

• Kesukaran membuang air besar

• Sembelit

• Kesukaran membuang air besar

MENU UTAMA PIRAMID

MAKANAN

Sejenis cecair yang tiada bau, rasa dan warna diperlukan dalam tubuh badan manusia sebanyak 70% air

Seseorang memerlukan kira – kira 2 liter atau 6 gelas air sehari

air boleh didapati daripada air

Membantu proses pencernaan makanan

mengangkut makanan yang tercerna dan oksigen

mengangkut hasil perkumuhan seperti urea dan karbon dioksida

mengawal kepekatan darah mengawal suhu badan

terlibat dalam semua proses metabolisme badan

sembelit dan proses pencernaan terganggu

badan mudah lesu, letih dan mudah mengantuk kerana kurang oksigen

kehilangan air dan darah dalam badan boleh menyebabkan maut

tubuh badan rasa panas

tiada ketahanan badan

nutirisi f2

Science