nota sains - peta minda

Upload: zazol-al-kirani

Post on 07-Jul-2015

66.439 views

Category:

Documents


8 download

DESCRIPTION

zazolnizam

TRANSCRIPT

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

SK Permatang Tok Mahat 14300 Nibong Tebal, SPS, Pulau Pinang

Mind Maps Science-018 UPSR 2011

Name : Class : Teacher : En. Zazolnizam Bin Zakaria

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

-1-

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

MENYIASAT ALAM KEHIDUPAN TAHUN 4

1.1 Understanding that humans have basic needs Memahami bahawa manusia mempunyai keperluan asas Give energy / Beri tenaga Grow / Membesar Stay healthy / Sihat Food / Makanan Air / Udara To breathe / Bernafas

Basic Needs of Human Keperluan Asas Manusia

Water / Air Drinks / Minuman Grow / Membesar Stay healthy / Sihat

Shelter / Tempat perlindungan To protect from Untuk melindungi daripada - danger / bahaya - extreme weather / cuaca melampau -sun & rain / matahari dan hujan

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

-2-

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.2 Understanding that animals have basic needs Memahami bahawa manusia mempunyai keperluan asas Give energy / Beri tenaga Grow / Bertumbuh @ Membesar Stay healthy / Sihat Food / Makanan

To breathe / Bernafas

Air / Udara

Basic Needs of Animals Keperluan Asas Haiwan

Types / Jenis : - holes / lubang - cave / gua - nest / sarang - beehive / sarang lebah Shelter / Tempat Perlindungan

Water / Air Drinks / Minuman Grow / Bertumbuh @ Membesar Stay healthy / Sihat

To protect from Untuk melindungi daripada - danger / bahaya - extreme weather / cuaca melampau - sun & rain / matahari dan hujan

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

-3-

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.3 Understanding that plants have basic needs Memahami bahawa tumbuhan mempunyai keperluan asas Plants Have Basic Needs Tumbuhan Mempunyai Keperluan Asas

Air / Udara

Water / Air

Sunlight / Cahaya matahari

With water / Ada air : - grow healthy / tumbuh dengan sihat - grow well / tumbuh dengan baik - not wilted / tidak layu

Without water / Tanpa air: - wilted / layu - turn yellow / menjadi kuning - die / mati

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

-4-

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.1 Analysing life processes in humans Analisa proses hidup manusia Nose/Mouth Hidung/Mulut Wind-pipe Trakea Lungs Paru-paru Inhale take in air Tarik nafas ambil udara Exhale give out air Hembus nafas- keluarkan udara Breathing Pernafasan Rate of breath Kadar pernafasan Number of chest movement in a period of time Bilangan pergerakan dada dalam sesuatu masa

Organs Organ

Purpose / Tujuan : - avoid danger elak bahaya - avoid getting hurt elak dapat luka - avoid getting injured elak dapat cedera - to survive untuk terus hidup

Respond To Stimuli Bergerak balas Terhadap Ransangan Organs OrganEyes Sight Mata - Melihat Nose Smell Hidung - Menghidu Tongue Taste Lidah - Merasa Ears Sound Telinga - Mendengar bunyi Skin Touch Kulit - Sentuhan

Life Processes of Humans Proses Hidup Dilalui Manusia

Reproduce Membiak

Excrete BerkumuhKidney ( urine + mineral salt ) Ginjal ( air kencing + garam mineral )

A process to produce their young or offspring Proses untuk menghasilkan anak

Defecate Bernyahtinja Faeces Najis

Lungs ( Carbon dioxide + water vapour ) Paru-paru ( Karbon dioksida + wap air ) Skin ( Sweat + mineral salt ) Kulit ( peluh + garam mineral )

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

-5-

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.2 Being aware that certain behaviour can disturb life processes Menyedari bahawa sesetengah perlakuan mengganggu proses hidup Behaviour That Can Disturb Life Processes Perlakuan yang boleh mengganggu proses hidup Smoking / Merokok

Effects / Kesan - Lung cancer Kanser paru-paru - Coughing Batuk

Drinking Alcohol / Minum Alkohol

Taking Drug / Mengambil Dadah

How to avoid / Bagaimana untuk hindari Occupied time with beneficial activities Memenuhi masa dengan aktiviti berfaedah Participate in a campaign Ambil bahagian dalam kempen Advise from their peers Nasihat daripada rakan sebaya

Effects / Kesan - Delay respond to stimuli Lambatkan ransangan terhadap ransangan - Lose ability to walk in straight line Hilang keupayaan berjalan dengan lurus - Can cause accidents Menyebabkan kemalangan

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

-6-

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.3 Analysing the life processes in animals Analisa proses hidup haiwan Animals Life Processes/Proses Hidup Haiwan

Excrete / Perkumuhan

Breathing / Bernafas

Reproduce / Membiak

Defecate / Bernyahtinja Organs / Organ To get rid of waste product from their bodies Untuk menyingkirkan bahan buangan dari badan

Lay Eggs / Bertelur butterfly rama-rama bird burung

Give Birth / Lahirkan anak cat kucing tiger harimau bat kelawar whale paus

Lungs/ Paru-paru - monkey monyet - bird burung - whale paus

Gills/Insang Lungs- fish book ikan - crab - prawn ketam udang

Moist skin/Kulit lembap - frog katak - earthworm cacing tanah

Trachea Structre/Sistem Trakea - insects serangga

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

-7-

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.4 Understanding the life processes in plants Memahami proses hidup tumbuhanplants respond to stimuli. water, sunlight, touch, gravity. tumbuhan bergerak balas terhadap ransangan air,cahaya matahari,sentuhan,graviti

various ways plants reproduce throughseeds, spores, suckers, stem cutting, leaves, underground stem. berbagai cara tumbuhan membiak melalui.bji benih, spora, anak pokok,keratan batang, daun, batang bawah tanah

the part of plant that responds to water bahagian pokok yang bertindak balas terhadap ransangan

roots akarthe part of plant that responds to gravity. bahagian pokok yang bertindak balas terhadap graviti

plants reproduce. tumbuhan membiak Seeds balsam, corn, durian Biji benih-keembung, jagung,durian Spores fern, mushroom Spora-paku-pakis,cendawan Suckers banana, pineapple Anak pokok-pisang,nenas Stem cutting hibiscus, rose, tapioca plants need to reproduce why Keratan ensure the survival of the species. to batang- bunga raya,mawar,ubi kayu mengapa tumbuhan perlu membiak Leaves bryophyllum, untuk memastikan kemandirian begonia spesisnya Daun-setawar,begonia Stem potato, onion, ginger Batangkentang,bawang,halia

Life processes plants undergo Proses hidup tumbuhan

roots akar

the part of plant that responds to sunlight. bahagian pokok yang bertindak balas terhadap cahaya matahari shoot pucuk

the part of plant that responds to touch. bahagian pokok yang bertindak balas terhadap sentuhan

Permul aaan eksperi men

Akhir ekspe rimen

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

-8-

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

3.1 Understanding that animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves from danger Memahami bahawa haiwan mempunyai ciri dan perlakuan khas untuk melindungi diri mereka daripada bahaya

Specific characteristics and behaviour Sifat-sifat dan tingkah laku khas

Special characteristics Ciri-ciri khas

Special behaviour Tingkah-laku khas

Sharp claws ( tiger, cat ) Kuku tajam ( harimau, kucing ) Thick and hard skin ( rhinoceros ) Kulit tebal dan keras ( badak sumbu ) Hard shell ( tortoise, snails ) Cengkerang keras ( kura-kura, siput ) Hard scales ( pangolin, crocodiles ) Sisik keras ( tenggiling,buaya ) Spines ( porcupine ) Berduri ( landak ) Horns ( buffalo, seladang ) Tanduk ( kerbau, seladang )

Pretend to be dead ( beetle, ) Berpura-pura mati ( kumbang ) Camouflage ( cameleon ) Menyamar ( sumpah-sumpah ) Spray black ink ( squid ) Mengeluarkan dakwat hitam ( sotong ) Poisonous sting or fang ( centipede, snake ) Sengat atau taring berbisa ( kala jengking, ular )

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

-9-

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

3.2/3.3 Understanding that animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves from extreme weather Memahami bahawa haiwan mempunyai sifat-sifat dan tingkah laku khas untuk melindungi diri daripada cuaca melampau

Specific characteristics and behavior Sifat-sifat dan tingkah laku khas

Hot weather Cuaca panas Wrinkled Skin (Elephant ,hippopotamuses and buffaloes) Kulit berkedut (Gajah. badak sumbu, kerbau) Wallowing (Elephant, hippopotamuses and buffaloes) Berkubang (Gajah, badak sumbu, kerbau) Humps (Camel) Bonggol (Unta)

Cold weather Cuaca sejuk Thick Fur (Polar bears) Berbulu tebal (Beruang kutub)

Fat Layers Under The Skins (Penguins, seals, and whales) Lapisan lemak di bawah kulit (Penguin, anjng laut, ikan paus) Small Ears (Seals and Walruses) Telinga kecil (Anjing laut, singa laut)

Hibernate (Polar bears) Berhibenasi (Beruang kutub)

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 10 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

3.4 Understanding that plants have specific characteristics to protect themselves from enemies Memahami bahawa tumbuhan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungi diri mereka daripada musuh The specific characteristics Sifat-sifat khas

Produces latex Keluarkan getah

Have thorns Berduri

Poisonous Beracun Have fine hairs Berbulu halus Close leaflets when touch Daun tertutup bila disentuh

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 11 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

3.5 Understanding that plants have specific characteristics to protect themselves f rom dry region and strong wind Memahami bahawa tumbuhan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungi diri mereka daripada kawasan kering dan angin kuat

Specific characteristics of plants to protect themselves Sifat-sifat khas tumbuhan untuk melindungi diri

dry region kawasan kering

strong wind angin kuat

Eg : cactus kaktus

. Eg: Coconut tree, bamboo tree, pokok kelapa, pokok buluh

Long roots to absorb water Akar panjang untuk serap air Succulent stem can store water Batang menyimpan air Thorn can can prevent the excessive loss of water Duri yang mencegah kehilangan banyak air

a. b. c. d.

Have stems that bend easily Batang yang mudah bengkok Have buttress roots Akar banir Have separated leaves Daun berbilah-bilah Needle- shaped leaves Daun berbentuk jarum

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 12 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

EXCRETION PROCESS PROSES PERKUMUHAN No. Bil 1. Organs Diagram Gambarajah Organ Kidney / Buah Pinggang Kidney Ureter Urine + water vapour Air Kencing + wap air Waste Products Bahan Buangan

2.

Lungs/ Paru-Paru

Carbon Dioxide + water Vapour Karbon dioksida + wap air

3.

Skin/Kulit Sweat + Water Vapour + Mineral salt Peluh + wap air + garam mineral

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 13 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

Animal Defense From extreme weather

Wallowing In Mud Rhinoceroses

Thick Fat In Tails Kangaroo Rats

Long Ears Desert Fox Rest Desert Animals

Thick Layers Of Fat Penguins Thick Furs - Polar Hump - Camels

Small Ears Cold Region Animals

Kangaroo Rat Penguin

Camel

How I Survived SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

Unit 3/Lesoon 2 Living in Extreme Danger

- 14 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

MENYIASAT ALAM KEHIDUPAN TAHUN 51.1 Understanding that microorganism is a living things Memahami mikroorganisma adalah benda hidup Microorganism Mikroorganisma

Bacteria Bakteria

Fungi Kulat Characteristics Ciri.Ciri

Protozua Protozoa

Virus Virus

Breathe Bernafas Move Bergerak Cannot see with naked eyes Tidak boleh dilihat dengan mata kasar

Grow Membesar

Cause the dough rise Menyebabkan adunan tepung menaik. Rotten oranges/ limau busuk Mouldy rice / Nasi berkulat

Tiny Halus

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 15 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.2 Understanding that some microorganism are harmful and some are useful Memahami beberapa mikroorganisma yang berbahaya dan berguna Some Organisms Are Harmful And Some Are Useful Beberapa mikoorganisma yang berbahaya dan berguna

Useful / berguna

Harmful / Berbahaya

Prevention Cara mencegah

-Making food/ buat makanan (bread/tapai/tempe/yogurt) ( roti,tapai,tempe, yogurt ) Can cause Boleh -Making fertilizer/ baja menyebabkan -Making medcine/ ubat

Disease Penyakit Washing hand Membasuh tangan Stomach upset Sakit perut Cough batuk Drink boiled water Minum air yang dimasak Covering mouth & nose when coughing & sneezing Menutup mulut dan hidung apabila batuk dan bersin

Illness Sakit

Food Poisoning Keracunan makanan

Tooth decay Gigi mereput Food Stale Makanan basi Conjunctivity Sakit mata

Tooth Decay Gigi mereput

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 16 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.1 Understanding that different animals have their own ways to ensure the survival of their species Memahami bahawa haiwan berlainan mempunyai cara sendiri untuk memastikan kemandirian spesisnya HOW ANIMALS TAKE CARE OF THEIR EGGS AND YOUNG. Bagaimana haiwan menjaga telur dan anak mereka .Bird - Eggs with shell covering Burung Telur disaluti oleh cangkerang Frog - Eggs are thick, slimy and having bad smell Katak Telur tebal,berlendir dan berbau busuk Spider - kept in a bag underneath its body Labah-labah simpan dalam beg di bawah badan Fish - keep their young in their mouths Ikan - Memasukkan anaknya ke dalam mulut Snake, Tiger - attack in order to protect their eggs Ular,harimau menyerang untuk menyelamatkan telur Turtle - hide their eggs Penyu Menyembunyikan telurnya Kangaroo - carry their young in their pouches Kanggaroo Membawa anaknya di dalam kantung Elephant - stay in herds Gajah - Tinggal dalam kumpulan

Examples animals that take care of their eggs and young. Contoh haiwan yang menjaga telur dan anak. bird, spider, fish,snake, burung,labah-labah,ikan,ular turtle, kangroo, elephant penyu,kanggaro,gajah

Survival of Animal Species Kemandirian Spesies Haiwan

Why animals take care of their eggs and young. Mengapa haiwan melindungi telur dan anaknya

To ensure the survival of their species Memastikan kemandirian spesisnya.

Importance Kepentingan

Shortage of food resource Sumber makanan berkurangan

Animals and plants species may face extinction. Spesis haiwan dan tumbuhan akan mengalami kepupusan.

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 17 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.2 Understanding that different plants have their own ways to ensure the survival of their species Memahami bahawa tumbuhan berlainan mempunyai cara sendiri untuk memastikan kemandirian spesisnya Agents of dispersal Agen Pencaran Special characteristic Ciri-ciri istimewa Examples Contoh

Water Air

Light / Ringan Air Space in the fruits Ruang udara di dalam buah Not water absorbent Air tidak boleh diserap Light / Ringan Small in size / saiz kecil Winged / berkepak Dry when ripe Kering apabila masak Explodes when mature Meletup apabila matang

Coconut / kelapa Water Lily / Kiambang

Wind Angin

Shorea Angsana Lalang

Survival of Plant Species Kemandirian spesies tumbuhan

Explosive mechanism Mekanisme letupan

Rubber fruit / buah getah Balsam fruit / keembong Ladys finger/ kacang bendi

Animal haiwan

Brightly coloured Warna yang terang Edible / Boleh dimakan Have smells / berbau Have hook bercangkuk

Rambutan Mango/ mangga Love grass / kemuncup Mimosa / Duri Semalu

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 18 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

3.1 Understanding food chains Memahami rantai makananAnimals and the food they eat Haiwan dan makanannya Producer Pengeluar Classify animals Pengkelasan haiwan Herbivore : Animals that eat plants only. e.g.: cow, goat, deer Herbivor Haiwan makan tumbuhan sahaja Cth: lembu,kambing,rusa Carnivore: Animals that eat other animals. e.g.: tiger, lion Karnivor Haiwan yang makan haiwan lain Cth : harimau,singa Omnivore: Animals that eat plants and other animals Omnivor Haiwan makan tumbuhan dan haiwan lain. Food Chain Rantai Makanan Consumer Pengguna

All living things need food to survive.Green plant can make their own food. However animals cannot make their own make their own food. Semua benda hidup perlu makanan untuk hidup. Tumbuhan hijau boleh membuat makanan sendiri.

Construct food chain Membina rantai makanan The food relationship among living things can be shown by a food chain. Hubungan antara makanan dan benda hidup ditunjukkan melalui rantai makanan To construct food chain It must start with plant as a producer. Untuk membina rantai makanan ia bermula daripada tumbuhan sebagai pengeluar. In a food chain the arrow means eaten by Dalam rantai makanan anak panah bermaksud dimakan oleh

Animals that eat plant or other animals are called consumers. Haiwan yang makan tumbuhan dipanggil pengguna.

Green plant obtain energy from the sun to make food. Green Plant as a producer Tumbuhan hijau Memerlukan tenaga daripada Matahari untuk membuat makanan. Tumbuhan adalah pengeluar

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 19 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

3.2 Synthesizing food chains to construct food web. Sintesis siratan makanan untuk membentuk rantai makanan What will happento a certain species of animals if they eat only one type of food? Apa akan berlaku sebahagian spesis haiwan makan hanya satu jenis makanan sahaja?

They will face difficulty to survive if the source of food runs out Mereka akan mengalami kesukaran jika sumber makanan kehabisan.

Food web of different habitats Siratan makanan daripada berlainan habitat.

What will happen If there is a change in population of a certain species in a food web Apa akan berlaku jika terdapat perubahan spesies dalam rantai makanan

Synthesizing food chains to construct food web. Sintesis siratan makanan untuk membentuk rantai makanan

paddy plant tanaman padi caterpillar ulat beluncas

mice tikus birds burung grasshoppers belalang

snakes ular

eagles helang

A change in the population of a certain species will effect the population of other species Perubahan populasi beberapa haiwan memberi kesan kepada populasi haiwan lain.

frogs katak Paddy field Sawah padi

Food web Siratan makanan

caterpillar ulat beluncas

bird burung

spinach bayam

grasshopper belalang

frog katak

snake ular

snail siput Garden Taman

eagle helang

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 20 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

Making tempeMembuat tempe

Making tapaiMembuat tapai

KEBAIKAN

USEFUL

Making yogurt Making cheeseMembuat keju Membuat yogurt

Menghasilkan antibiotic

Produce antibiotic

Form fertilizerMembuat baja

THE USEFUL AND THE HARMFUL OF MICROORGANISMS KEBAIKAN DAN KEBURUKAN MIKROORGANISMA

Tooth decayKerosakan gigi

Selsema

Flu

Keracunan makanan

Food poisoning

HARMFUL MumpsBeguk Keburukan

MeaslesCacar

ConjunctivitisSakit mata

Chicken poxCampak

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 21 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

ANIMAL SURVIVAL KEMANDIRIAN HAIWAN

Bird Burung Frog Katak Penguin Penguin

Snake Ular We take care of our eggs Kami menjaga telur kami Sea horse Kuda laut

Cockroach Lipas

Crocodile Buaya

Dolphin Ikan lumba Bat Kelawar

Elephant Gajah Kangaroo Kangaroo

Cow Lembu Tiger Harimau

We take care of our youngs Kami menjaga anak kami

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 22 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

PLANT SURVIVAL KEMANDIRIAN TUMBUHANAGENTAGEN

EXAMPLECONTOH

CHARACTERISTICSCIRI-CIRI

LotusTeratai

Coconut Kelapa

We dispersed by water because we are light, covered with waxy skin, waterproof, has air spaces and has spongy receptacles.

Pong-pong Pong-pong

WATERAIR

Kami dipencarkan melalui air kerana kami ringan, diselaputi dengan kulit yang berlilin, kalis air dan mempunyai rongga yang berspan.

ShoreaMeranti

LallangLallang

We dispersed by wind because we are small, light, dry, have wing-like structure, have hairs and fine hairs. Therefore it is easily carried by wind. Kami dipercarkan melalui angina kerana kami kecil, ringan, kering, mempunyai struktur seperti sayap, ada bulu yang halus. Sebeb itu kami senang dibawa pergi oleh angin.

AngsanaAngsana

Cotton Kapas

WINDANGIN

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 23 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

ManggaMango

WatermelonTembikai

We dispersed by animal because we have brightly colour, fleshy, edible and have smells. Our seed is also hard. Kami dipencarkan oleh haiwan kerana kami mempunyai warna yang terang, berisi, boleh dimakan dan mempunyai bau. Biji benih kami juga keras. We are also dispersed by animal because have hooks that can be attached to animals. Kami juga dipencarkan oelah haiwan kerana kami mempunyai cangkuk yang boleh melekat kepada haiwan We dispersed by explosive mechanism because we dry up when we ripe and burst to push the seeds out from the fruits. Kami dipencarkan melalui mekanisma letupan kerana buah kami menjadi kering apabila masak ranum dan seterusnya meletup dan biji benih kami terpelanting keluar.

ANIMALHAIWAN

MimosaSemalu

LovegrassKemucup

Flame of forestSemarak api

BalsamKeembung

OkraBendi

Rubber seedBiji getah

Explosive Mechanism

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 24 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB RANTAI MAKANAN DAN JARINGAN MAKANAN

bottombawah

treespokok

sunmatahari

grassrumput

chainrantai

Plants such as grass and trees are at the bottom of the food chain. Plants get their energy from the sun.Tumbuhan seperti rumput dan pokok adalah di bahagian bawah rantai makanan. Tumbuhan mendapat tenaga daripada matahari.

deerrusa

herbivoresherbivor

rabbitsarnab

carnivoreskarnivor

Animals such as deer and rabbits get their energy by eating plants. They are called herbivores, which means 'plant eaters.' There are many more herbivores on our planet than carnivores, which are animals that eat meat.Haiwan seperti rusa dan arnab mendapat tenaga dengan memakan tumbuh-tumbuhan. Mereka dikenali sebagai herbivor, yang bermaksud makan tumbuhan. Terdapat banyak herbivor daripada karnivor iaitu haiwan yang makan daging di planet kita

predatorspemangsa

huntmemburu

preymangsa

topatas

lionssinga

Predators such as wolves and lions are at the top of the food chain. Predators are animals that hunt other animals. The animals that they hunt are called prey. Some animals are both predator and prey.Pemangsa seperti serigala dan singa adalah di bahagian atas rantai makanan. Pemangsa adalah haiwan yang memburu haiwan lain. Haiwan yang diburu dikenali sebagai mangsa. Sesetengah haiwan adalah kedua-duanya; pemangsa dan mangsa.

connectedberhubung

energytenaga

webjaringan

morelebih

Most animals belong to more than one food chain, which means many food chains are connected together. Many food chains together form a food web. The food web shows how the sun's energy moves from plants to animals to animals.Kebanyakan haiwan mempunyai lebih daripada satu rantai makanan, iaitu banyak rantai makanan dihubung bersama. Rantai makanan berhubung bersama membentuk jaringan makanan. Jaringan makanan menunjukkan bagaimana matahari memindahkan tenaganya kepada tumbuhan dan seterusnya daripada tumbuhan kepada haiwan.

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 25 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

MENYIASAT ALAM KEHIDUPAN TAHUN 61.1 Understanding that some animals live in group and others live in solitary Memahami bahawa sesetengah haiwan hidup berkumpulan dan selebihnya bersendirian

Interaction among living things Interaksi antara benda hidup

Group animals and solitary animals Haiwan berkumpulan dan haiwan bersendirian

Solitary Bersendirian

Group Berkumpulan

Tigers, bears Harimau, beruang

For safety and food Untuk keselamatan dan makanan

To avoid competition for food and space Untuk hindari persaingan mendapatkan makanan dan ruang

Ants, lions Semut, singa

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 26 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.2 Understanding that competition is a form of interaction among living things Memahami bahawa persaingan membentuk interaksi antara benda hidup INTERACTION AMONG LIVING THINGS Interaksi antara benda hidup Competition Persaingan

Among animals Antara haiwan Compete for Bersaing untuk

Among plants Antara tumbuhan Compete for Bersaing untuk

Food Makanan

Water Air

Mate Pasangan Space / territory Ruang / kawasan Type Jenis

Water Air Sunlight Cahaya matahri

Space Ruang Mineral Mineral

Shelter Tempat perlindungan

Intraspecies Intraspesis Competition between the same species Persaingan di antara spesis yang sama

Interspecies Interpesis Competition between the different species Persaingan di antara spesis yang berbeza

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 27 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.3 Understanding the responbility of human beings in protecting endangered species Memahami tanggungjawab manusia untuk melindungi spesis yang terancam Interaction among living things Interaksi antara benda hidup Protecting endangered species Melindungi spesis yang terancam Ways to prevent Cara untuk mencegah Extinct animals Haiwan pupus Dinosours, dodos Dinosur, dodo Campaign Kempen Educating the public Mendidik orang awam Enforcing law Kuat kuasa undangundang

Endangered animals and plants Haiwan dan tumbuhan yang terancam Orang utan, tiger, Raflesia, pitcher plant Orang utan, harimau, bunga pakma,pokok periuk kera

Factors Faktor

Illegal or excessive logging Pembalakan haram atau berleluasa

Hunting Pemburuan Development Pembangunan

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 28 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.4 Knowing the impact of human activities on environment Memaham kesan daripada aktiviti manusia ke atas alam sekitar Interaction among living things Interaksi antara benda hidup Impact of human activities Kesan daripada aktiviti manusia

Activities Aktiviti Illegal and excessive logging Pembalakan haram dan berleluasa Illegal and excessive hunting Pemburuan haram dan berleluasa Improper management of development Kelemahan pengurusan pembangunan

Destructions of the environment Kemusnahan alam sekitar

Erosion Hakisan Landslides Runtuhan Flash floods Banjir kilat Water pollution Pencemaran air Air pollution Pencemaran udara

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 29 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

MENYIASAT DAYA & TENAGA TAHUN 41.1 Understanding the measurement of length Memahami ukuran panjang 1.3 Solid Pepejal 1.4 Liquid Cecair

1.2 Area Luas

1.3 Volume Isipadu

1.1 Length Panjang

Measurement Ukuran

1.5 Mass Berat

1.7 Standard units Unit seragam

1.6 Time Masa

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 30 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.1 Understanding the measurement of length Memahami ukuran panjang Measuring tape Pita pengukur Terminology Istilah String Tali Arm span Depa Cubit Hasta Ruler Pembaris

Ways to measure Cara menyukat

-The distance betweentwo points/ place / position Jarak di antara dua titik/tempat/kedudukan

Length Panjang Correct technique Teknik yang betul

Standard Tools Alat seragam

-The eye must bedirectly above the end of object Mata mesti tepat pada bahagian bawah hujung benda Unit Unit mm mm cm sm m m

Measuring tape Pita pengukur

Ruler Pembaris

km km

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 31 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.2 Understanding how to calculate area Memahami cara mengira luas 1.2 Area Luas Terminology Istilah

Standard unit Unit piawai

-Square millimetre (mm2) -Area is the amount ofspace taken up by the surface of an object. Luas ialah jumlah ruang yang dipenuhi pada permukaan sesuatu objek Different ways to measure area Berbeza cara untuk menyukat luas Milimeter persegi (mm)

-Square centimetre (cm2)Sentimeter persegi (sm) -Square metre (m2) Meter persegi (m) -Square kilometre (km2) Kilometer persegi (km)

- by placing uniform objectssuch as tiles, books and stamps on the surface of the objects dengan meletakkan objek seperti jubin, buku dan setem pada permukaan objek

-Using formulaGuna rumus 2c m 4c m Area = length X width

-Using square card with asides of 1 centimetre Menggunakan kad segi empat dengan tepinya 1 sentimeter 3cm

Luas = panjang X lebar = 4cm X 2 cm = 8cm2

1cm 3cm 1cm

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 32 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.2/1.3 Understanding how measure the volume of solid and liquid Memahami cara mengira isipadu pepejal dan cecair The amount of space that something takes up Jumlah ruang yang dipenuhi oleh sesuatu Measuring cylinder Silinder penyukat

Length x width x height Panjang x lebar x tinggi

Terminology Istilah

Tools Alat

Formula Rumus Volume Isipadu 1.4 Liquid Cecair

1.3 Solid Pepejal

Standard Units Unit seragam

Standard Units Unit piawai Correct technique Teknik yang betul ml, l ml, l a) taking the reading at the lowest part of the meniscus. mengambil bacaan pada bahagian paling rendah pada meniskus b) eyes must be at the same level as the lowest part of the meniscus mata mesti sama pada aras paling rendah pada meniskus

mm, cm, m mm, sm, m

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 33 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.5 Understanding how measure mass Memahami cara menyukat berat

Terminology Istilah

Correct technique Teknik yang betul

-Amount of matter in an objectJumlah benda dalam objek Mass Berat Electronic balance Neraca elektronik

Tools Alat

Bathroom scale Penimbang berat badan Lever balance Neraca tuas

Standard unit Unit piawai

Beam balance Neraca palang Kitchen scale Penimbang dapur

Mg mg

g g

kg kg

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 34 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.6 Understanding how to measure time Memahami cara mengukur masa Time Masa Standard unit Unit piawai

Terminology Istilah

- Second , minute , hourSaat, minit, jam

-Duration between two eventTempoh antara dua ketika

Way to measure Cara untuk mengukur

Tool Alatan

Process that repeats uniformly can be used to measure time Proses yang berulang secara sekata boleh digunakan untuk menyukat masa

-Digital clock, watch, wrist watchJam digital, jam, jam tangan

Old clock Jam lama

Events can be used measuring time Kejadian boleh digunakan untuk menyukat masa

-Sundial , sand clock , candle clock -Jam bayang, jam pasir, jam lilin

-swinging pendulumayunan bandul -pulse rate candle denyutan nadi -water dripping titisan air -changing day and night perubahan siang dan malam

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 35 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.7 Realising importance of using standard units Menyedari kepentingan menggunakan unit yang piawai

The Importance of Standard Units Kepentingan unit yang piawai

-for accuracy and consistencyuntuk tepat dan konsisten

-easy to communicate and understandingmudah untuk memahami dan berkomunikasi

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 36 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

THE STORY OF TIME Unit 4/Lesson 1 CERITA TENTANG MASA Measuring Length/MassDefense Of Plants

Galileo Galilei was the first person to use events that repeat uniformly to measure time such as the pendulum clock. From then onwards, the wall clock and modern clock were invented. Galileo Galilei merupakan orang pertama menggunakan peristiwa yang berulang secara seragam untuk mengukur masa seperti jam bandul. Daripada situ, jam dinding dan jam moden telah dicipta.

Sand Clock

Sundial Clock Ancient Clocks

Candle Clock

Wall clock

Stop Watch Modern Clock

Watch

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

Unit 4/Lesson 6 Measuring Time- 37 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

MENYIASAT DAYA & TENAGA TAHUN 5

1.1 Understanding the uses of energy Menyedari kegunaan tenagaINVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY Menyiasat Daya dan Tenaga

- by living things to carryout life processes. Ex : moving, breathing, growing bergerak,bernafas membesar ENERGY TENAGA Why energy is needed? Mengapa tenaga diperlukan

- to move, boil, melt,or bounce non-living things

- menggerakkan ,didih,cair ataumelantun benda bukan hidup Sun Matahari

The Uses of Energy Kegunaan Tenaga

-main source of energysumber utama tenaga - produces light and heat menghasilkan cahaya dan haba Water air The Sources of Energy Sumber-sumber Tenaga Food makanan Batteries Bateri

- moving orfalling water produce energy -Air yang bergerak Menghasilkan tenaga Fuell Bahan api Wind Angin

-food containsstored energy -mengadungi tenaga tersimpan

- Device that generatedelectrical energyfrom chemical energy -Alat yang menghasilkan tenaga elektrik daripada tenaga kimia

-wood, coal,petroleum, natural gas -Kayu, petrol,gas asli

- Moving airUdara bergerak -Used to pump water Mengepam air,

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 38 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.2 Understanding that energy can be transformed from one form to another Memahami bahawa tenaga boleh berubah dari satu bentuk ke bentuk yang lain Light energy Tenaga Cahaya

Electrical energy Tenaga Elektrik

Kinetic energy Tenaga Kinetik

Heat energy Tenaga Haba Form of energy Bentuk Tenaga Sound energy Tenaga bunyi

Chemical energy Tenaga Kimia

Potential energy Tenaga Keupayaan

Energy can be transformed from one form to another Tenaga boleh berubah dari satu bentuk kepada bentuk lain.

Energy can be transformed Tenaga boleh diubahkan

Example of appliance that make use of energy transformation. Contoh alatan yang menggunakan perubahan tenaga

a) lighting a candle/Nyalaan lilin Chemical energy heat energy + light energy Tenaga kimia Tenaga haba + Tenaga Cahaya b) Kicking a ball / Menendang bola Chemical energy kinetic energy Tenaga kimia Tenaga Kinetik

heat energy Tenaga haba a) Electric iron / Seterika elektrik Electrical energy heat energy Tenaga elektrik Tenaga haba b) Radio Electrical energy Tenaga elektrik c) Television Electrical energy Tenaga elektrik

sound energy Tenaga bunyi

sound energy + light energy Tenaga bunyi + tenaga cahaya

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 39 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.3 Understanding renewable anad renewable energy Memahami tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui dan tidak boleh diperbaharui Energy that cannot be replaced Tenaga yang tidak boleh diganti Resources -natural gas,petroleum,coal Sumber gas asli, petroleum, arang. Energy that be replenished when it is used up Tenaga yang boleh diganti Resources solar, wind ,biomass fuel,water Sumber- Matahari, angin,minyak,air, biomass

Non-renewable energy Tenaga yang tidak boleh diperbaharui

Renewable energy Tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui

Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui dan Tidak boleh diperbaharui Use energy wisely Gunakan tenaga dengan bijak Some energy resources cannot be replenished when used up. Sesetengah sumber tenaga tidak boleh diganti bila habis How to save energy Bagaimana menjimatkan tenaga

Avoid wastage Mengelakkan pembaziran

Reduce pollution Mengurangkan pencemaran.

Turn off the television when no one watching it. Tutup TV jika tidak menonton.

Switch off the lights if not in use. Tutup lampu jika tidak mengunakannya.

To save cost Menjimatkan kos

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 40 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.1 Knowing the sources of electricity Mengetahui sumber elektrik

Sources Sumber

Dry cell Sel Kering

Accumulator Sel Basah

Dynamo Dinamo

Solar cell Tenaga Solar

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 41 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.2 Understanding a series circuit and a parallel circuit Memahami litar bersiri dan litar selari

Type of circuit Jenis litar

Parallel circuit litar selari

Series circuit litar bersiri

Symbol and component Simbol dan komponen

Name Nama Differences Perbezaan The bulb in the parallel circuit is brighter then the bulb in the series circuit Mentol dalam litar selari lebih terang daripada mentol dalam litar bersiri Dry cell Sel Kering Connecting wire Wayar penyambung Switch / Suis Bulb / Mentol

Symbol Simbol

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 42 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.3 Understanding the safety precautions to be taken when handling electricl appliances Memahami langkah pencegahan yang perlu diambil semasa menggunakan peralatan elektrik Danger of mishandling electrical appliances Bahaya kecuaian mengendali peralatan elektrik

Precautions Langkah keselamatan

Fire Api Safety precautions to be taken when using appliances Langkah-langkah keselamatan ketika mengunakan peralatan

Burn Bakar

Electric shock Kejutan elektrik

Electrocution Renjatan elektrik

Do not touch electrical appliances with wet hand Jangan sentuh alatan elektrik dengan tangan basah Do not repair electrical appliances on your own Jangan baiki alatan elektrik jika tidak tahu.

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 43 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

3.1 Understanding that light travels in a straight line Memahami bahawa cahaya bergerak dalam satu garis lurus

Light Cahaya

Travels in straight line Cahaya bergerak dalam satu garis lurus

How shadow is formed Bagaimana bayang-bayang terbentuk When light is completely or partially blocked by an opaque object Bila cahaya disekat sepenuhnya atau separuh oleh objek legap Opaque object Objek legap

prove bukti

search light from helicopter cahaya dari helikopter pencari

the beam of light from motorcycle alur cahaya dari motosikal

Light Cahaya Shadow form Objek terbentuk

the beam of light from lighthouse alur cahaya dari rumah api

the ray of Sun,passing through a hole in the roof alur cahaya Matahari melalui lubang atap rumah

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 44 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

3.2 Understanding that light can be reflected Memahami cahaya boleh dipantulkan

Light Cahaya

Uses of reflection Kegunaan pantulan

Can be reflected Boleh dipantulkan

Periscope

Kaleidoscope Side mirror of a car Cermin sisi kereta

How ? Bagaimana?

The light that falls on objects bounces off the objects and comes to your eyes Cahaya yang jatuh ke atas objek melantunkannya ke dalam mata mirror/ cermin

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 45 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

4.1 Understanding that temperature in an indicator of degree of hotness Memahami bahawa suhu adalah penunjuk darjah kepanasan Gain Ditambah Warmer panas

Heat haba

Loss Hilang The effects of heat on matter Kesan haba ke atas bahan

Cooler Sejuk

How to measure temperature using the correct technique Bagaimana untuk mengukur suhu menggunakan cara yang betul

Matter expands when heated Bahan mengembang bila dipanaskan

Matter contract when cooled Bahan mengecut bila sejuk

Thermometer termometer

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 46 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

SOURCES OF ENERGYPUNCA-PUNCA TENAGA

SUNMatahari

WINDAngin

DRY CELLSel kering

FUELSBahan bakar

FOODMakanan

FORMS OF ENERGYBENTUK-BENTUK TENAGA

Chemical energyTenaga kimia

light energytenaga cahaya

+

heat energytenaga haba

Electrical energyTenaga elektrik

light energytenaga cahaya

Electrical energyTenaga elektrik

heat energytenaga haba

Electrical energyTenaga elektrik

sound energytenaga bunyi

Electrical energyTenaga elektrik

kinetic energytenaga kinetic

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 47 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

ELECTRICITY ELEKTRIK

SOURCES OF ELECTRICITYPUNCA-PUNCA ELEKTRIK

DRY

CELL

ACCUMULATOR

DYNAMODynamo

SOLAR CELL

HYDROELECTRICHidroelekrik

Sel kering

Sel solar

PARALLEL CIRCUITLITAR SELARI

SERIES CIRCUITLITAR SESIRI

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 48 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

LIGHT CAHAYA( Song : This old man)

Light oh light Light travels Light travels in a straight line Light travels in a straight line Therefore it can form shadow

Cahaya oh cahaya Cahaya boleh gerak Cahaya bergerak lurus Cahaya bergerak lurus Ia membentuk bayang

Light oh light Light reflects Light can be reflected Light can be reflected Can see image in mirror

Cahaya oh cahaya Cahaya boleh pantul Cahaya boleh dipantulkan Cahaya boleh dipantulkan Boleh lihat dicermin

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 49 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

MENYIASAT DAYA & TENAGA TAHUN 61.1 Understanding that push and pull are forces Memahami bahawa tolak dan tarik adalah daya INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY MENYIASAT DAYA DAN TENAGA FORCE DAYA Concept Konsep A push or a pull Tolak atau tarik Cannot be seen but the effects can be felt Tidak boleh dilihat tetapi boleh dirasa

1.2 Understanding the effect of a force Memahami kesan daya Effects Kesan

Can move a stationary object Boleh gerakkan objek yang pegun

Changes the shapes of an object Mengubah bentuk objek

Changes the motion of an object Mengubah pergerakan objek

An object become squeezed, stretched, bent, twisted or squashed Objek menjadi kemek, regang, bengkok,berpintal atau penyek

Stops a moving object Memberhentikan objek yang bergerak Changes the direction of a moving object Mengubah arah pergerakan objek yang bergerak Makes an object move faster or slower Menggerakkan objek lebih cepat atau perlahan

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 50 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.3 Analysing friction Analisa geseran

FRICTION GESERAN

Effects of friction Kesan geseran

Factors that affect friction Faktor yang menyebabkan geseran Condition of the surface Keadaan permukaan Weight of the object Berat objek

Ways to reduce friction Cara kurangkan geseran

Produces heat Hasilkan haba Opposes motion Berlawanan gerakan Causes wear and tear Menyebabkan haus dan koyak Slows down and stops a moving object Memperlahankan dan memberhentikan objek yang bergerak

Use rollers or marbles Guna penggelek atau guli Smoothen surfaces Permukaan licin Use oil, wax, grease, talcum powder, air cushion Guna minyak, pelicin, gris, bedak wangi, pak udara

Disadvantages Kekurangan Advantages Kelebihan

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 51 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.1 Understanding speed Memahami laju Movement Pergerakkan

Speed Laju

Calculation of speed Pengiraan laju

How fast an object moves Berapa laju objek bergerak

Formula : Rumus Speed = Distance Time Laju = Jarak Masa

A faster object travels a longer distance in a given time Objek yang lebih laju melalui jarak yang lebih panjang mengikut masa yang diberi

A faster object takes a shorter time to travel a given distance Objek yang laju mengambil masa yang singkat untuk melalui jarak yang diberi

Units : km/h km/j m/s m/s cm/s sm/s

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 52 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.1 The properties of materials Sifat bahan metal logam carbon karbon

MENYIASAT ALAM BAHAN TAHUN 4

glass kaca

plastics plastik

wood kayu

Conduct electricity Mengalirkan elektrik Mengalirkan arus elektrik

Light to pass through Cahaya boleh melaluinya Cahaya melaluinya

Insulator Penebat Penebat

Properties of materials Sifat bahan

Float on water Terapung atas air

Sink in water Tenggelam dalam air

Can be stretch Boleh diregangkan

Conduct heat Mengalirkan haba

wood kayu stone batu

rubber ring gelang getah

metal logam

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 53 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.2 Applying knowledge properties of materials in everyday life Aplikasi pengetahuan sifat bahan dalam kehidupan seharian Applying knowledge properties of materials in everyday life Aplikasi pengetahuan sifat bahan dalam kehidupan seharian

Suggest ways to keep things hot Cadangan untuk menyimpan benda panas

Suggest ways to keep things cold Cadangan untuk menyimpan benda sejuk

Covered with insulators Balut dengan bahan penebat

hot thing benda panas

cold thing benda sejuk

to prevent heat loss untuk menghalang kehilangan haba

prevent from absorbing heat halang daripada serap haba

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 54 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.3 Synthesising the knowledge about uses of materials based on their properties Sintesis pengetahuan mengenai penggunaan bahan berdasarkan kandungan

Uses of materials based on their properties Penggunaan bahan berdasarkan kandungan

List of object and materials that they are made of Senarai objek dan bahan yang dibuat daripada

Reason why particular materials are used to make an object Keterangan mengapa bahan tertentu digunakan untuk membuat objek

object objek spoon sudu tissue tisu glasses gelas

materials bahan metal logam wood kayu glass kaca

properties sifat hard keras soft lembut transparent lutsinar cheap murah easy to get senang didapati strength kuat good quality kualiti baik

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 55 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.4 Knowing the importance of reuse, reduce and recycle Memahami kepentingan guna semula, pengurangan dan kitar semula bahan

The importance of reuse, reduce and recycle of materials Kepentingan guna semula, pengurangan dan kitar semula bahan

wood kayu

Kepentingan guna semula, pengurangan dan kitar semula bahan cotton metal plastics synthetic cloth kapas logam plastik kain sintetik

Natural materials Bahan semulajadi Bahan semulajadi

rubber getah

glass kaca

Man-made materials Bahan buatan Bahan buatan

State that man-made materials comes from natural materials Nyatakan bahan buatan berasal dari bahan semulajadi

reducing mengurangkan

reusing guna semula

recycling kitar semula

public transport pengangkutan awam

plastic bag beg plastik

bottle botol

plastics plastik

glass kaca

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 56 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.5 Understanding that some materials can rust Memahami sesetengah bahan boleh perkarat

Rusting can be prevented Pengaratan boleh dicegah

Different ways to prevent objects from rusting Cara berbeza untuk menghalang objek daripada berkarat

The necessary to prevent rusting Keperluan mencegah pengaratan

Coating with non rusting materials Menyadurkan dengan bahan tidak berkarat *paint cat *oil minyak *grease gris

*Everlasting Live Tahan lebih lama *Save natural material Selamatkan bahan asal *Save cost Jimat kos *Looking good Mencantikkan

*Conclusion; Rusting can be avoided by preventing iron contact with air and water. * Kesimpulan;Pengaratan boleh dihindarkan dengan menghalang ia bertindak balas dengan air dan udara

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 57 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.6 Understanding the rusting can be prevented Memahami pengaratan boleh dicegah Rusting can be prevented Pengaratan boleh dicegah

Rusty objects Objek berkarat iron and Object made of steel Objek yang diperbuat daripada besi dan keluli *Nail Paku *Spoon Sudu *Knife Pisau *Needle Jarum

Non rusty objects Objek tidak berkarat

Object made of glass, plastic, wood, clay and silk Objek yang diperbuat daripada kaca,plastik, kayu, tanah liat dan sutera

*Glass Kaca *Bottle Botol *Cup Cawan *Pencil Pensil

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 58 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

MATERIALS AROUND YOU

MATERIALS

WOOD

COTTON

METAL

GLASS

RUBBER

PLASTIC

-The Properties Of Materials-Conducts electricity -Conducts heat -Conductor -Allow light to pass through them -Insulator Membenar kan cahaya menembusi nya -Penebat -Can be stretched -Insulator -Insulator

-Floats on water -Insulator -Terapung di atas air -Penebat

-Can absorbs water -Insulator -Boleh menyerap air -Penebat

-Mengalirkan elektrik -Mengalirkan haba -Konduktor

-Boleh diregang -Penebat

-Penebat

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 59 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

NATURAL AND MAN MADE BAHAN SEMULAJADI DAN BUATAN MANUSIAMETAL LOGAM GLASS KACA

RUBBER GETAH

SILK SUTERA LEATHER KULIT WOOD KAYU

NATURAL MADE MATERIALS

COTTON KAPAS CLAY TANAH LIAT FUR BULU

BAHAN SEMULAJADI

RAYON RAYON

MAN-MADE MATERIALS BAHAN BUATAN MANUSIA

SYNTHETC CLOTH KAIN SINTETIK

PLASTIC PLASTIK

NYLON NILON

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 60 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

MENYIASAT ALAM BAHAN TAHUN 5

1.1 Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas Bahan wujud dalam bentuk pepejal,cecair atau gas Water Air Solid Pepejal Stone batu Liquid Cecair Milk Susu gas Steam wap

Wood Kayu

Air Udara

Examples Contoh

Matter Bahan Properties of solid Sifat-sifat pepejal fixed shape bentuk tetap Properties of gas Sifat-sifat gas

Properties of liquid Sifat sifat cecair

has mass mempunyai berat

has mass Mempunyai berat

fixed volume isipadu tetap has mass mempunyai berat

fixed volume isipadu tetap

can't fixed shape Tidak mempunyai bentuk tetap

Can't fixed volume Isipadu tidak tetap

no permanent shape bentuk tidak tetap

can compressed boleh dimampatkan

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 61 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.2 Understanding that matter can change from one state to another Memahami bahawa benda boleh berubah bentuk dari satu ke bentuk yang lain

solid liquid Pepejal - cecair

Melting Peleburan

Boiling Pendidihan liquid gas Cecair - gas CHANGING STATES OF WATER Perubahan Bentuk Air gas liquid gas - cecair Evaporation Penyejatan

Condensation Kondensasi

liquid gas cecair - gas

Freezing Pembekuan

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 62 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.3 Understanding the water cycle Memahami kitaran air The water cycle. Kitaran air Formation of clouds and rain. Pembentukan awan dan hujan Condensation Kondensasi Evaporation Penyejatan

Importance of water Kepentingan air.

Circulation of water in the environment. Kitaran air dalam persekitaran

Changes in the states of matter in the water cycle Perubahan bentuk bahan dalam kitaran air

Gas liquid (Condensation) Gas Cecair ( Kondensasi ) Droplets of water will become bigger and heavier rain Titisan air menjadi besar dan berat hujan

Liquid to gas (evaporation) Cecair kepada gas ( Penyejatan )

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 63 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.4 Appreciating the importance of water resources Menghargai kepentingan sumber air To prevent living aquatic from being destroyed and undergoing extinction Untuk mengelakkan hidupan air musnah dan mengalami kepupusan To avoid infected diseases Mengelakkan penyakit berjangkit To regulate the formation of clouds and rain Untuk mengekalkan pembentukan awan dan hujan Reasons to keep our water resources clean. Sebab untuk mengekalkan sumber air yang bersih To ensure the cleanliness of water supply Memastikan air yang bersih dibekalkan

Importance of water resources. Kepentingan sumber air

Ways to keep our water resources clean Cara mengekalkan sumber air bersih Keep the rivers clean Jadikan sungai besih Cleanliness campaign Kempen kebersihan

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 64 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.1 Understanding the properties of acidic, alkaline and neutral substances Memahami sifat asid, alkali dan bahan neutral The properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances. Ciri-ciri asid , alkali dan bahan nutral

Identify acidic, alkaline and neutral substances using litmus paper. Mengenal pasti keasidan,alkali dan nutral bahan menggunakan kertas litmus

Identify the taste of acidic and alkaline food. Mengenal pasti rasa makanan yang berasid dan berakali

Changes in colour of litmus papers Menukarkan warna kertas litmus

Conclude the properties of acidic, alkaline and neutral substances. Kesimpulan ciri-ciri bahan asid, alkali dan neutral .

Bitter Pahit

Sour masam

blue to red biru ke merah

red to blue merah ke biru

Properties of alkali Ciri-ciri alkali

Properties of neutral substances Ciri-ciri bahan neutral

Properties of acid Ciri-ciri asid

Acid asid

Alkaline alkali

no change tidak berubah

Taste bitter & change red litmus paper to blue Rasa pahit dan menukarkan Kertas litmus merah kepada biru

Other tastes no changes in litmus paper Tidak menukarkan warna kertas litmus

neutral neutral

Taste sour & change blue litmus paper red Rasa masam dan menukarkan kertas litmus merah

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 65 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

STATE OF MATTER KEADAAN BAHAN SolidAli is eating an ice cream. After a while, the ice cream melt. Melting process changes solid to liquid. Ali sedang makan ais krim. Selepas beberapa ketika, ais krim itu menjadi cair. Proses pencairan menukarkan pepejal kepada cecair.

LiquidAbu feels like to drink cold water. He need some ice cubes. He put water in the freezer. Freezing turn solid to solid. Abu ingin minum air sejuk. Dia perlukan ais batu. Dia masukkan air ke dalam peti sejuk. Proses pembekuan menukarkan cecair kepada pepejal. Ah Seng forget to drink his ice lemon tea because his mother as him to go to the shop. When he went back, he saw many water droplets on the glass. Condensation turn gas to liquid. Ah Seng terlupa untuk minum airnya kerana ibunya menyuruhnya ke kedai. Setelah pulan, dia dapati banyak titisan air di luar gelas. Kondensasi menukarkan gas kepada cecair. Upins mother wants to boil some water. She knows that the water is boiling because it produces steam or water vapour. Boiling changes liquid to gas. Ibu Upin ingin menjerang air. Dia tahu bahawa air itu sudah mendidih kerana terhasilnya wap air atau stim. Pendidihan menukarkan cecair kepada gas. Ipins mother hangs clothe on the cloth line. After a while, the cloth dries. This is because evaporation process occurs. Evaporation turn liquid to gas. Ibu Upin menjemur kain di ampaian.

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 66 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

I am a droplet of water. Saya setitis air

Ouch! Where I am. Wow! It is big. Opss! Mmm cold and fresh. Where am I? Oh, I see, this is a seamy new place. I came from river. Ouch! Di mana saya. Wow! Besarnya. Opss! Mmmsejuk dan segar. Di mana saya? Oh, saya tahu, saya di lauttempat baru untuk saya. Saya datang dari sungai.

Arghh! Hot, very hotOh no! Im moving up. What happen??? It is very hot. The sun makes me very hot. It evaporate me to the sky. Evaporation change me as a water vapour. Arghh! Panasnya, sangat panas Tidak! Saya sedang bergerak ke atas. Apa dah jadi nih??? Sangat panas. Matahari membuatkan saya panas. Ia menyejat saya ke langit. Penyejatan menukarkan saya menjadi wap air.

Oh no! Im shivering. It cold now. The condensation process turn me into water droplet. Wow! There are many droplets like me. Hey! Lets join together. Lets form cloud. Ahhit is better now. Oh no! Saya sedang menggigil. Ia sejuk sekarang. Proses kondensasi menukar saya menjadi titisan air. Wow! Banyaknya tiisan air macam saya. Hey! Jom bergabung. Jom bentuk awan. Ahhleganya dah jadi awan.

Opss! Im heavy now. Let me out. Ahh! Im out now as rain. Ouch! I fall down into the river again. My home sweet home. Yea! Opss! Saya semakin berat sekarang. Saya nak keluar. Ahh! Saya dah keluar sebagai hujan sekarang. Ouch! Saya jatuh kembali kedalam sungai. Rumah saya yang dirindui. Yea!

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 67 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

MENYIASAT ALAM BAHAN TAHUN 6

1.1 Understanding food spoilage Memahami kerosakan makanan FOOD PRESERVATION Pengawetan makanan Food spoilage Kerosakan makanan Characteristics of spoilt food Ciri-ciri makanan yang rosak Unpleasant smell Bau tidak menyenangkan Unpleasant taste Rasa tidak menyenangkan Changed colour Berubah warna Changed texture Berubah jalinan Mouldy Berkulat The conditions for microorganisms to grow Keadaan untuk mikroorganisma membesar Air Udara Water Air Nutrients Zat makanan Suitable temperature Suhu yang sesuai Suitable acidity Keadaan asid yang sesuai

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 68 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.2 Synthesising the concept of food preservation Sintesis konsep pengawetan makananDrying Pengeringan Boiling Pemanasan Cooling Pendinginan Pickling Penjerukan Freezing Penyejukbekuan Food Preservation Pengawetan makanan Pasteurising Pempausteran Smoking Pengasapan Waxing Pelilinan Bottling/Canning Pembotolan/pengeti nan Salting Pengasinan Fish, prawns, cuttlefish, fruits Ikan, udang, sotong, buah Meat ,fish, vegetables daging, ikan, sayur Vegetables, fruits Sayur, buah Fruits, vegetables Buah, sayur Chicken, meat, prawns, cuttlefish Ayam, daging, udang, sotong Milk, juices, ice cream Susu, jus, ais krim Meat, fish Daging, ikan Vegetables, fruits Sayur, buah Meat, fish, fruits, vegetables Daging, ikan, buah, sayur

Fish, meat, eggs, vegetables, fruits Ikan, daging, telur, sayur, buah Nuts, crackers, powder milk Kacang, biskut, susu tepung

Vacuum packing Pembukusan vakum

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 69 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.3 Realising the importance of preserving food Menyedari kepentingan pengawetan makanan Food Preservation Pengawetan makanan

The importance of preserving food Kepentingan pengawetan makanan

To make last longer Tahan lebih lama

To reduce wastage food Mengurangkan makanan terbuang

To make food easily to store Makanan lebih mudah disimpan

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 70 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.1 Understanding the effects of improper disposal of waste on the environment Memahami kesan kesalahan mengurus pembuangan bahan buangan kepada persekitaran

Waste Management Pegurusan bahan buangan

Types of waste Jenis bahan buangan Sources of waste Sumber bahan buangan

Plastics, glass, chemical waste, organic waste, metal Plastik, kaca, sisa kimia, sisa organik, logam Homes, factories, agriculture, motor vehicles Rumah, kilang, pertanian, kenderaan bermotor

Dispose of waste in the right placeBuang bahan buangan di tempat yang betul Treat waste before disposing it into the drain Rawat bahan buangan sebelum ia mengalir keluar Bury waste that can decay in soil Bakar bahan buangan yang boleh reput dalam tanah Reuse of recycle waste Guna semula bahan kitar semula

Proper Betul

Ways of disposing waste Cara buang bahan buangan

LitteringTidak teratur Open burning Pembakaran terbuka Release of waste into the rivers Melepaskan bahan buangan ke dalam sungai Release of smoke into the air Melepaskan asap ke udara

Improper Tidak betul

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 71 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.1 Understanding the effects of improper disposal of waste on the environment Memahami kesan kesalahan mengurus pembuangan bahan buangan kepada persekitaran Damages our lungs, initiates our eyes Merosakkan paru-paru.tidak elok dipandang Air pollution Pencemaran udara Can kill fish and water plants Boleh membunuh ikan dan tumbuhan laut Water pollution Pencemaran air Harmful effects of improper disposal of waste Kesan buruk daripada pembuangan bahan buangan yang tidak betul Sickness & diseases Kesakitan & penyakit Thypoid, dengue fever demam denggi

Flash floods Banjir kilat Damage property Merosakkan harta

Acid rain Hujan asid Can kill plants and erode building Boleh membunuh tumbuhan dan menghakis bangunan

2.1 Understanding the effects of improper disposal of waste on the environment Memahami kesan kesalahan mengurus pembuangan bahan buangan kepada persekitaran

Waste that can decay Bahan buangan yang boleh reput

Food, paper, wood Makanan, surat khabar, kayu

Advantage : To make the soil fertiile Kelebihan : Untuk menyburkan tanah

Waste that does not decay Bahan buangan yang tidak boleh reput

Plastics, glass, metal Plastik, gelas, logam

Disadvantage : Gives out poisonous gases Kelemahan : Mengeluarkan gas beracun

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 72 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

MENYIASAT BUMI & ALAM SEMESTA TAHUN 41.1 Understanding the Solar System Memahami Sistem Solar

-Nine PlanetsSembilan planet -Natural satellites Satelit semulajadi -Meteors Meteor -Comets Komet -Asteroids Asteroid

List of constituents Senarai pembentukan The solar system Sistem Solar

Mercury My Utarid Venus Very Zuhrah Earth Excellent Bumi Mars Mother Marikh Jupiter Just Musytari Saturn Served Zuhal Uranus Us Uranus Neptune Nine Neptun Pluto Pudding Pluto

List of planets Senarai planet Planets move around the Sun Planet beredar mengelilingi matahari

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 73 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.2 Understanding the relative size and distance between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun Memahami perbandingan saiz dan jarak antara Bumi, Bulan dan Matahari

the Sun Matahari 1

the Earth Bumi 100

the Earth Bumi 1

the Moon Bulan 4

Size of the Sun relative to the size of the Earth. Saiz Matahari relatif saiz Bumi

The relative size and distance between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun Saiz dan jarak relatif di antara Bumi, Bulan dan Matahari

Size of the Earth relative to the size of the Moon. Saiz Bumi relatif saiz Bulan

The relative distance from the Earth to the Sun compared to the relative distance from the Earth to the Moon. Jarak relatif dari Bumi ke Matahari berbanding jarak relative dari Bumi ke Bulan the Earth Bumi the Sun Matahari 382 500 km : 400

the Moon Bulan

150 000 000 km 1

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 74 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.3 Appreciating the perfect placement of the planet Earth in the Solar System Menghargai kedudukan yang sempurna planet Bumi dalam Sistem SolarMuch nearer : Lebih dekat The temperature on the Earth would rise. Suhu di bumi akan meningkat Water on Earth would evaporate. Air di bumi akan tersejat No water and the temperature would be very hot. Tiada air, suhu akan jadi lebih panas. Much farther : Lebih jauh The temperature on the Earth would drop. Suhu di bumi akan menurun Water would freeze into ice. Air akan membeku menjadi ais. All living things would die. Semua benda hidup aka mati.

The nearer a planet to the Sun is, the hotter is the surface of the planet. Planet yang dekat dengan matahari mempunyai permukaan yang paling panas The farther a planet from the Sun is, the colder is the surface of the planet. Planet yang paling jauh dari matahari mempunyai perrmukaan yang paling sejuk. Do not have enough air and water. Tidak mempunyai air dan udara yang mencukupi

Earth in the Solar System Bumi dalam Sistem Solar

Why certain planets are not conducive for living things. Mengapa sesetengah planet tidak sesuai untuk benda hidup

Effect Kesan The Earth is the only planet in the Solar System that has living things. Hanya planet Bumi dalam Sistem Solar yang mempunyai benda hidup

Earth is the third planet from the Sun, it receives enough light and heat from the Sun. Bumi adalah planet ketuga dari matahari, ia menerima cahaya dan haba secukupnya It is not too hot or too cold. Ia tidak terlalu sejuk atau panas. The atmosphere of the Earth contains air and there is water on Earth. Atmosfera bumi mengandungi udara dan air di bumi

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 75 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

OUR SOLAR SYSTEM SISTEM SOLAR KITA

MERCURY VENUS EARTH MARS JUPITER SATURN URANUS NEPTUNE PLUTO

MY VERY EASY METHOD JUST STOP USING NINE PLANET

MAKAN VITAMIN E MULUT JADI SENGET URAT NAK PUTUS

The nine planets from the sun. 9 Planet daripada Matahari.

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 76 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

MENYIASAT BUMI & ALAM SEMESTA TAHUN 51.1 Understanding the constellation Memahami buruj

Planting Musim menanam

Harvesting Musim menuai

Desert Padang pasir

Sea Laut

Indicates Seasons Menunjukkan musim Importance of Constellation Kepentingan buruj Show Directions Menunjukkan arah

What constellation is Apa itu buruj

A group of stars that form a certain pattern in the sky Gugusan bintang-bintang di langit yang membentuk corak tertentu

Constellation Buruj Scorpion Kala jengking June - August Scorpion Skorpio Identify Constellation Kenal pasti buruj South Selatan

Southern Cross Pari

South Selatan

April June Big dipper Biduk

Orion Belantik

Kite or Cross Layang-layang atau Palang

Hunter Pemburu

North Utara

Water dipper Gayung

North Utara

December - January

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 77 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.1 Understanding the movement of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun Memahami pergerakan Bumi, Bulan dan Matahari

Earth rotates on it axis Bumi berputar pada paksinya

Earth rotates and at the same time moves around the sun Bumi berputar dan pada masa yang sama bergerak mengelilingi matahari

The earth rotates on its axis from west to east Bumi berputar pada paksinya dari barat ke timur Moon rotates and at the same time moves around The movements the Earth of the Earth, the Moon Bulan berputar dan and the Sun pada masa Pergerakan Bumi,Bulan yang sama dan Matahari beredar mengeliligi Mathari Moon rotates on it axis Bulan berputar pada paksinya

The changes in length and position of the shadow throughout the day Perubahan panjang dan kedudukan bayang-bayang sepanjang hari

The Moon and the Earth move round the Sun at the same time Bulan dan Bumi bergerak mengeliligi Matahari pada masa yang sama

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 78 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.1 Understanding the occurrence o day and night Memahami kejadian siang dan malam the Sun Matahari Night-time Waktu malam the Earth Bumi

Daytime Waktu siang It is day time for the part of the Earth facing the Sun. Pada waktu siang sebahagian Bumi menghadap Matahari

At night part of Earth do not face Sun. Pada waktu malam sebahagian Bumi tidak menghadap matahari

The occurrence of day and night Kejadian siang dan malam Axis Paksi Day and night occur due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis. Kejadian siang dan malam berlaku kerana putaran Bumi pada paksinya.

West Barat

East Timur

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 79 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

2.3 Understanding the phases of tne Moon Memahami fasa bulan Phases Of The Moon Fasa-fasa Bulan

The Moon Does Not Emit Light Bulan tidak mengeluarkan cahaya

Describe the phases of the moon Menerangkan fasa-fasa bulan

The Moon appear bright when it reflect sunlight Bulan jadi terang akibat pantulan cahaya matahari.

1-New moon, 1- Anak Bulan

3- New half moon, 3, Bulan separa baru

5- Full moon 5. Bulan penuh

7- Old half moon Bulan separa lama

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 80 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

MENYIASAT BUMI & ALAM SEMESTA TAHUN 61.1 Understanding the eclipse of the moon Memahami gerhana bulan 1.2 Understanding the eclipse of the sun Memahami gerhana matahari Eclipse Gerhana

Eclipse of The Moon Gerhana bulan

Eclipse of The Sun Gerhana matahari

The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon and the three of them lie in a straight line. Bumi berada di antara Matahari dan Bulan dan ketiga-tiganya berada dalam satu garis yang lurus

The Moon is between the Sun and the Earth and the three of them lie in a straight line. Bulan berada di antara Matahari dan Bumi dan ketiga-tiganya berada dalam satu garis yang lurus

The Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon Bumi menghalang cahaya Matahari daripada sampai ke Bulan

The Moon looks reddish, dark gray or brown Bulan kelihatan kemerahan, kelabu atau perang

Sunlight is blocked by the Moon Cahaya Matahari dihalang oleh bulan

The Moon shadow falls on the Earth surface Bayangbayang Bulan jatuh ke atas permukaan Bumi

Daylight becomes dark during the total eclipse Hari siang menjadi gelap menjelang gerhana penuh

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 81 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.1 Understanding the importance of technology in everyday life Memahami kepentingan teknologi dalam kehidupan seharian

MENYIASAT DUNIA TEKNOLOGI TAHUN 4Importance of technology in everyday life Kepentingan teknologi dalam kehidupan seharian

Limitation of human ability Had keupayaan manusia

Examples of human limitations are Contoh had keupayaan manusia

Unable to see fine objects Tidak boleh melihat objek yang kecil Unable to speak loud Tidak boleh bercakap dengan kuatMicroscope Mikroskop - The usage of lens to see fine features of objects and microbes Penggunaan kanta untuk melihat benda dan mikrob yang halus Microphone Mikrofon -To increase the voice volume Untuk meninggikan suara Telephone Telefon -To communicate from long distance Untuk berkomunikasi dari jarak yang jauh Bicycle, motorcycle, airplanes Basikal,motosikal , kapal terbang -Can travel long distance in a shorter time Boleh pergi ke tempat jauh dalam masa yang singkat Telescope, binocular Teleskop, binokular -To see far away objects Untuk melihat objek yang jauh Devices to overcome human limitation Alat mengatsai had keupayaan manusia

Unable to walk for long distanceTidak boleh berjalan jauh

Unable to see far away objects Tidak boleh melihat objek yang jauh

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 82 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.2 Understanding the development of technology Memahami pembangunan teknologi Agriculture Pertanian e.g.: hoe plough Lubang bajakConstruction Pembinaan

Technology Teknologi

tractor traktor

combine harvester mesin penuai

Development Of Technology Pembangunan teknologi Examples Contoh

Cave Gua

hut wooden house pondok rumah kayu

apartment rumah pangsa

Transportation Pengangkutan Land:/ Darat Animal bicycle Haiwan basikal Air:/Udara Hot air balloon Belon panas Water:/Air Canoe raft Kenu rakit

car kereta

train kereta api

airship glider aeroplane kapal udara glider kapal terbang

sampan sampan

ferry feri

ship kapal Communication Komunikasi Drawing Lukisan carrier pigeon pembawa utusan telephone telefon

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 83 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.3 Synthesising how technology can be used to solve problem Sintesis bagaimana teknologi boleh digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalahProblems they encounter in their daily life Masalah yang dihadapi dalam kehidupan sehari Cannot move and lift heavy thing Tidak boleh beregerak dan angkat benda berat Cannot move farther Tidak boleh bergerak jauh

Ideas to solve the problems identified Idea untuk menyelesaikan masalah dikenal pasti

Brain storming Mencari idea Sketch the model Lakar model

Technology solve problems Teknologi menyelesaikan masalah

Device to solve the problem identified. Alat untuk menyelesaikan masalah dikenalpasti

Wheel barrow Kereta sorong Lever Tuas

Demonstrate that device invented can be used to solve the problem identified Demontrasi bahawa alat yang dicipta boleh digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang dikenal pasti

Wheel barrow can move heavy thing easily Kereta sorong-boleh mengangkat benda berat dengan senang Pulley can lift everything Takal boleh mengangkat apa sahaja

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 84 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.4 Analysing that technology can benefit mankind if used misely Analisa bahawa teknologi memberi manfaat jika digunakan secara bijaksana

Advantages of Technology Kelebihan teknologi

Disadvantages of Technology Kelemahan teknologi

CommunicationKomunikasi Enable human to learn more about things happening around the world Membolehkan manusia mengetahui benda yang berlaku di seluruh dunia

Environmental pollution from increase in waste materials Pencemaran alam daripada penambahan sisa buangan Environmental destruction result from excessive usage of natural resources Kemusnahan alam kesan daripada penggunaan sumber semulajadi yang berleluasa Social problem Masalah sosial Bad effects on health result from environmental pollution and excessive use of chemicals Kesan buruk kepada kesihatan kesa daripada pencemaran sekitar dan penggunaan bahan kimia secara berleluasa

TransportationPengangkutan Enable human to travel far away places in shorter time Membolehkan manusia pergi ke tempat jauh dalam masa yang singkat

AgriculturePertanian Machines make it easier to plants and harvest their crops Mesin memudahkan untuk menanam dan menuai

ConstructionPembinaan Roads, highways, bridges and building is easier and faster to build Memudahkan pembinaan jalan, lebuh raya,jambatan dan bangunan

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 85 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

MENYIASAT DUNIA TEKNOLOGI TAHUN 51.1 Knowing the shapes of objects in structures. Mengetahui bentuk objek di dalam struktur

The shape of objects Bentuk-bentuk benda

Identify shape in structure Mengenal pasti bentuk di dalam struktur

Cylinder Silinder Cube Kiub Cuboid Kuboid Cylinder Silinder

Sphere sfera

Sphere Sfera

Pyramid Piramid

Cone Kon

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 86 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.2 Understanding the strength and stability of a structure. Memahami kekuatan dan kestabilan struktur.

Shapes of objects that are stable Bentuk benda yang stabil Strength and Stability Kekuatan dan Kestabilan

Cube, cone, cylinder Kiub.kon,silinder The factors that affect stability of objects Faktor-faktor yang memberi kesan kestabilan objek

The factors that affect the strength of a structure Faktor-faktor yang memberi kesan sesuatu struktur Types of materials used Steel, iron, wood Jenis bahan yang digunakan Keluli, besi, kayu

Height , base area Ketinggian , luas tapak

Bigger base area more stable Semakin luas tapak bertambah kestabilan Smaller base area less stable Semakin kecil luas tapak kurang kestabilan

Lower object more stable Semakin rendah objek bertambah kestabilan Higher object less stable Tinggi objek kurang kestabilan

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 87 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

MENYIASAT DUNIA TEKNOLOGI TAHUN 61.1 Understanding simple machines Memahami mesin ringkas MACHINES Mesin

Wedge Baji Screw Skru Gear Gear Simple machines Mesin ringkas Pulley Takal

To cut or separate objects Untuk memotong atau mengasing objek

To fix two objects together Untuk mengetatkan dua benda bersama To move objects easily Untuk menggerakkan objek dengan mudah To carry or to lift objects to higher place Untuk membawa atau mengangkat objek ke tempat tinggi To lift heavy objects easier Untuk mengangkat objek dengan mudah To carry or move heavy objects easily Untuk membawa atau menggerak benda berat dengan mudah To carry or move heavy objects easily Untuk membawa atau menggerak benda berat dengan mudah

Inclined plane Satah condong Lever Tuas

Wheel and axle Roda dan gandar

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 88 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

1.2 Analysing a complex machines Analisa mesin yang kompleks Complex Machine Mesin kompleks Made up of more than one simple machine Terdiri lebih dari satu mesin ringkas e.g Wheelbarrow, bicycle, a pair of scissors, fishing rod Kereta sorong. basikal, gunting, rod pancing

1.3 Appreciating the invention of machines that make life easier Menghargai mesin yang dicipta membuatkan hidup menjadi senang To carry, move or lift heavy things more easily Untuk membawa atau mengangkat benda dengan mudah

Crane, lift Kren, lif

Machine make life easier Mesin membuat kehidupan lebih mudah

To travel from one place to another Untuk pergi dari satu tempat ke tempat yang lain

Aeroplane, bus Kapal terbang, bas

To make work faster Untuk membuat kerja lebih cepat

Tractor Trektar

To make communication with people faster and easier Untuk berkomunikasi dengan manusia lebih cepat dan mudah

Computer, satelite Komputer, satelit

To treat diseases Untuk mengesan penyakit

Dialysis machine Mesin dialisis

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 89 -

Mind Maps Science http://zazolnizam.blogspot.com

Catatan :

SK Permatang Tok Mahat-Edited from Modul Sinar

- 90 -