nor fadilla othman
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FACULTY OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE & POLICY
STUDIES
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
A STUDY ON THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS AMONG THE
EMPLOYEES ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH IN HONDA MALAYSIA SDN. BHD.
NAME OF STUDENT
NOR FADILLA OTHMAN 2009202688
NAME OF SUPERVISOR
PUAN ASMIDAR LOKMAN
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SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS
MODERATOR’S COMMENTS
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CLEARANCE FOR SUBMISSION OF THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL
BY THE SUPERVISOR
Puan Asmidar Binti Lokman
I have reviewed the final and complete research proposal and approve the submission of
this report for evaluation.
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(Signature)
Date:
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I wants to praise to God because of His blessing to me, Nor Fadilla
Bte Othman can finally accomplished my assignment for this subject Research Paper
(ADS666). Thank a lot to God for gave me chances to study about this subject. By His
willingness, I have gained a lot of knowledge about this subject.
Then, a million of thanks to my lecturer PM Mohammad Noor Bin Othman and
Madam Asmidar Binti Lokman because taught and give understanding to me about this
project paper. They had explored me to world of research paper. I am proud to be her
students and I will try my best to perform better in this subject. From her taught, I know
more about this subject.
Next, a lot of appreciates to my family especially my parents who trust me in
build up my future. They also give me support to learn any subject and knowledge. I will
never forget their good deeds and sacrifices to me.
Lastly, I want to thanks my beloved friends because they have given me
encouragement and support in doing my presentation and assignment in this topic. I hope
this relationship will forever even though each of us will follow our own ways in the
future.
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work contained in this research proposal is my own except those
which have been duly identified and acknowledged. If I am later found to have
committed plagiarism or other forms of academic dishonesty, action can be taken against
me under the Academic Regulations of UiTM’s.
Signed
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Name:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction to the Study 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Research Objectives 41.4 Research Questions 4
1.5 Scope of the Study 5
1.6 Significance of the study 51.7 Definition of Terms/Concepts 6
Chapter 2: Literature Review & Conceptual Framework
2.1 Literature Review 8
2.2 Conceptual Framework 242.3 Hypothesis 25
Chapter 3: Research Design and Methodology
3.1 Research design 263.2 Unit of Analysis and Respondents 26
3.3 Sample Size 26
3.4
Sampling Technique 273.5 Data Collection Method 27
Chapter 4: Findings
4.1 Introduction 294.2 Reliability Analysis 29
4.3 Respondents’ Profile 31
4.4 Correlation Analysis 38
Chapter 5: Recommendation 41
Chapter 6: Conclusion 43
ReferencesAppendices
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 4.2.1 Reliability statistic for employees’ attitude 29
Table 4.2.2 Reliability statistic for safety culture 30
Table 4.2.3 reliability statistic for employees’ involvement 30
Table 4.2.4 reliability statistic for employees’ awareness 31
Table 4.3.1 Summary of the respondents - Gender 32
Table 4.3.2 Summary of the respondents - Age 33
Table 4.3.3 Summary of the respondents – Marital Status 34
Table 4.3.4 Summary of the respondents – Monthly Income 35
Table 4.3.5Summary of the respondents – EmploymentPeriod
36
Table 4.3.6 Summary of the respondents – Job Title 37
Table 4.4.1Correlation statistic between employees’ attitude
and employees’ awareness.38
Table 4.4.2Correlation statistic between safety culture and
employees’ awareness.39
Table 4.4.3Correlation statistic between employees’
involvement and employees’ awareness40
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LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 2.1 Conceptual framework for employees’ awareness 24
Figure 4.3.1 Summary of the respondents - Gender 32
Figure 4.3.2 Summary of the respondents - Age 33
Figure 4.3.3 Summary of the respondents – Marital Status 34
Figure 4.3.4 Summary of the respondents – Monthly Income 35
Figure 4.3.5 Summary of the respondents – EmploymentPeriod
36
Figure 4.3.6 Summary of the respondents – Job Title 37
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ABSTRACT
This research report is conducted to examine and explore the level of awareness among
employees and employers in the manufacturing sector and also public services sector towards the
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). The relevant data and statistic were obtained through the
department of occupational safety and health (DOSH) Malaysia. This statistic information
regarding the occupational accidents for the category of death shows the number of victims in
manufacturing sector is 32 victims and no victim in public services. While for the permanent
disablement statistic, shows the number of victim in manufacturing sector is 99 victims and also
non for public services sector. For non permanent disablement statistic, shows the number of
victim in manufacturing is 779 victims compared to public services with only 12 victims. Thus,
the statistic disclose by DOSH has shows the comparison and differences among all sectors inMalaysia until June 2010. Therefore through this research report, it is to well explore, clearly
shows and understand the connection between the numbers of occupational accidents in
manufacturing sectors and public services and statutory bodies with the level of awareness
among employees and employers. Is that the high level of awareness in OSH will decrease the
numbers of occupational accidents. On the ground of this, through this report we are able to
identify whether the level of awareness of employees and employers on OSH will determine the
numbers of occupational accidents at the workplace.
Keywords: employees, awareness, OSH, manufacturing sector, public service and statutory
bodies.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
Occupational safety and health is important and need to be concerned as it deals
with the safety of the employees. So that, all the employers and employees need to
comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Act and all the employers should take
into consideration to provide a safety workplace. Proper attention to the safety and
welfare of the employees can yield valuable returns to a company by improving
employee morale, reducing absenteeism and enhancing productivity, minimizing
potential of work-related injuries and illnesses and increasing the quality of manufactured
products and/ or rendered services.
On this ground, the occupational safety and health should be seen as important
and crucial topic that needed a further and detail exploration to be taken. It is to access
and determine to what extent the occupational safety and health are presence in the
workplace. In addition, the level of awareness among employees also need to be
exploring as they are the main actors in the workplace. It is essential to know whether
they are aware towards the important of occupational safety and health and what are the
consequences towards them especially employees.
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Finally, through this research, the result obtain can be used to determine what
steps that need to be taken afterwards. If the result has show that most of employees are
did not aware on occupational safety and health, the assisting action need to be taken to
encourage and increase the awareness of employees on the occupational safety and
health. Then, if the result shows that employees are aware on it, thus that condition needs
to be maintained to avoid or ease the numbers of occupational accidents.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
According to the data and statistic disclose by the Department of Occupational Safety and
Health (DOSH), the number of occupational accidents occurred in a high volume. The
manufacturing and construction industry is being a highly hazardous industry because it
marks a high accidents and fatality rates. The reasons why there are a high number of
accidents in manufacturing and construction industry can be the slow implementation of
OSHA in the workplace and the awareness of both employer and employees on the
organizational safety and health itself.
Accidents regularly and property loses create a great impact towards the Malaysian
industry such as manufacturing, construction etc. It is not only will cause a delay in
operation but also directly or indirectly incur a cost. Therefore it is compulsory for all the
industry in Malaysia to create awareness among its employees on the safety and health in
establishing a safe working environment.
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The right to work in a safe and healthy environment is the fundamental right of every
worker. But, the issue is, the unsatisfactory OSH record has always been highlighted. Yet
every year, according to the International Labor Organization (ILO), more than 1.2
million people are deprived of that right as a consequence of accidents and work-related
diseases. More than 100,000 work fatalities occur every month, more than 3,000 a day,
two per minute. This global phenomenon, if left unchecked, leads to consequences which
are economically, socially and morally unacceptable. (http://www. niosh.com.my)
By referring to the number of accidents, it is not harsh to say that the awareness of
employees in private sector is low as compared to public sector. But still we have to take
a look to the nature of work among private sector and public sector where in the private
sector their nature is more dangerous. It always been highlighted that the level of
awareness on OSH in private sector is low as compared to public sector. This is where,
there are still many private companies that did not apply the safety and health in
workplace such as not stressed out on the wearing of mask, safety helmet and etc.
Therefore the awareness and consequently the application of occupational safety and
health are vital in all industry or workplace. All employees must be aware about the
significant and impacts of OSH towards them. On the ground of this, the most important
is they must know what are their responsibilities stipulated in the OSHA 1994.
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1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
1.3.1 To identify whether there is any relationship between employees’ attitudes and
the level of awareness.
1.3.2 To determine whether the safety culture have a relationship with the level of
employees’ awareness on organizational safety and health.
1.3.3 To identify whether there is any relationship between employee’s involvement
and the level of awareness.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
1.4.1 Is there any relationship between employees’ attitudes and the level of awareness?
1.4.2 Does the safety culture have a relationship with the employees’ level of awareness
on organizational safety and health?
1.4.3 Is there any relationship between employees’ involvement and the level of
awareness on organizational safety and health?
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1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY
The scopes of study in this research paper are the employees in Honda Malaysia Sdn.
Bhd. The number of respondents is 100 persons. The employees of Honda Malaysia Sdn.
Bhd. are chosen as the respondents because they are working in the heavy industry which
exposes them to safety and health hazards. Through this scope of study, at the end of the
research it can be clearly discover the level of employees’ awareness towards
organizational safety and health.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.6.1 To help the employees improve their concern on the occupational safety and
health at the workplace.
1.6.2 To help the organization in reducing the accident rate by enhancing the
employee’s awareness.
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1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.7.1 AWARENESS
The first key term in this research paper is “awareness”. Awareness can be
defined as having knowledge of something (http://www.freedictionary.com). In
relation to our topic, the word awareness is the realization about the employees’
safety and health. The purpose of this research paper is to investigate whether the
employees are having knowledge towards their safety and health in their working
place. Nowadays, there are too much health and safety hazards in the work place
especially for those who are involved in the heavy industry such as construction,
manufacturing and so on. Thus, we are conducting this research paper to make
them aware about the health and safety hazards and how to prevent them from this
problem.
1.7.2 EMPLOYEES
Another key term in this paper is “employees”. According to Occupational Safety
and Health Act 1994, employees are defined as independent contractor engaged
by an employer or a self-employed person and any employee of independent
contractor. For this research paper, we are aim at the employees. Whenever it
involves the employees it means that, our research paper is being conducted at the
workplace. We choose the employees of Honda Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. to be
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interviewed. This is because they are working in heavy industry and more
exposed to the safety hazards. (Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1994)
1.7.3 SAFETY AND HEALTH
The last key term that had been identified in this research project is safety and
health. The term safety had been identified as relative freedom from danger, risk,
or threat of harm, injury, or loss to personnel or property, whether caused
deliberately or by accident. Whereas, health is defined by the World Health
Organization (WHO) as the State of complete physical, mental, and social well
being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The term safety and
health here refers to the safety and health of the employees at the workplace. It is
whether they are aware or not about their safety and health during the duty.
(http://www.dosh.gov.my).
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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 provide the legislative framework to
promote, stimulate and encourage high standards of safety and health at workplace. The
aim is to promote safety and health awareness, and establish effective safety organization
and performance through self- regulation schemes designed to suit the particular industry
or organization and by the accumulation of influences and pressures, operating at many
levels in a variety of ways. The long-term goal of this act is to create a healthy and safe
working culture among all Malaysians and employers (www.niosh.com.my).
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) was enacted on 25th February 1994 with
the goal to ensure safety, health and welfare of all persons at workplace. It was
transmitted based on the self regulation concept with the primary responsibility of
ensuring safety and health at the workplace lying with those who create the risks and
work with the risks. The Act also provides a consultative process at the policy level with
the establishment of National Council for Occupational Safety and Health. This
consultative process extends to where safety and health programs are implemented with
both employers and employees representative as members of safety and health
committee. The Act contains 67 sections, divided into 15 parts and appended with 3
schedules. The first three parts state the objects of the Act and provide the infrastructure
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for appointment of officers and the National Council. The essences of the Act are the
provisions in Part IV to VI. These parts provide for the general duties for those who
create the risks e.g. employer, self-employed person, designer, manufacturer, supplier, etc
and those who work with the risks i.e. employees. How the Act is to be implemented and
enforced are stipulated in other parts (Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, Act
514.)
Hazards are sources of potential harm to human health, property or environment. And
hazards under certain conditions may lead to accidents. Accidents typically occur
suddenly and unexpectedly, causing immediate injuries and losses. On the other hand,
many health problems may also develop slowly over time. Accidents can also be seen to
be an organizational problem. Reason (1997) suggested that accidents are produced by
unsafe actions, error-provoking conditions and organizational factors. Thus, accidents can
be prevented by removing hazards or conditions, or by interrupting the series of events by
the application of appropriate defenses. The defenses are, however, dynamic in nature
and the active failures and the latent conditions may change the effectiveness of the
defenses. (Lind, 2008)
Values and beliefs can have strong implications for health and safety. Cultural values,
related to organizational culture, national/ethnic culture and culture of professions, can
also have a significant role in workplace health and safety. Cultural values may determine
whether an issue is addressed in an in-depth or superficial manner. For example, if
workers are asked constantly to change their practice without formulating a clear
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understanding of the reasons for change, they are likely to treat such change on a
superficial level, potentially resulting in health and safety incidents. (Dane Lukic, 2010)
Work tasks and working environments vary in industrial maintenance. Therefore,
companies need occupational health and safety management systems that help them to
prevent and mitigate accidents by identifying and selecting the most essential hazards and
by managing the hazards and the preventive measures. The concept of risk is used to
measure the potential of losses caused by human activities and technical systems together
with environment. The risk is a combination of the harm and the likelihood that the harm
occurs. Risk assessment should consist of the hazard identification, evaluation of the
preventive safety measures and their functionality, estimation of the exposure to the
hazards and the evaluation of consequences (Modarres, 2006), as well as the evaluation
of the tolerability of the risk. Risk assessment then serves as a basis for controlling
intolerable risks. (Lind, 2008)
The safety and health standards at most workplaces are still below the acceptable level
despite Government efforts to improve working condition. The problem can be attributed
to a lack of commitment and absence of awareness on issues of occupational safety and
health. Datuk Seri Najib Razak said the common goal for employers; employees and
union members should be to achieve a zero-accident target. With an average rate of 7.4
accidents for every 1,000 workers, it is clear that whatever accomplishments that have
been made are still insufficient. However, according to him, there were some measures of
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success in increasing public awareness on safety at workplaces as the accident rate
dropped by 12 per cent last year, compared to the previous year.
All workers must adopt strictness about safety as core value as every person was
vulnerable and could potentially be involved in accidents. The National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) should provide a platform for employee,
employers, academia, industries, and the public to present their views on safety issues to
promote better working condition. (NST; July 21, 2004).
All of the organization either public or private organization should allocate some
intervention resources to the firm on workplace safety. These “preventive” resources can
take various forms. They may be physical resources, such as protection equipment or
safer technology; human resources, such as the time devoted by workers to thinking
about their own safety; or financial resources, such as the capital allocated to the
outsourcing of certain OSH services.
Some researches argued that organizations require an integrated approach to technology,
people and organization in terms of safety (Wilson-Donnelly et al., 2005). Additionally,
Jarvinen and Karwowski (1995) suggest that, in advanced production, the complexity of
the system may be too difficult for the human operator to understand. Workers will be
required to face unfamiliar situations and, therefore, new errors, based on interacting with
new safety capital systems can lead to accidents. Consequently, since advanced
production increases complexity, additional knowledge and skills are likely necessary to
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minimize errors associated with the use of new technologies and organization of work.
(Villanueva, 2010)
For occupational safety and health implementation, employers should view occupational
safety and health as an investment and not cost. Employers must be prepared to invest in
this area. They should not cut costs at the expense of their workers' safety and health.
The implementation of OSH gets more essential today and yet it been discussed to be
relevance as a new subject at school. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH) chairman Tan Sri Lee Lam Thye said that Occupational Safety and Health
(OSH) is reasonable to be made as a new subject in school to gave early exposure on
OSH to student and teacher. Every school citizen are required to have awareness and
civilizing safety practice so that they can carry out activity in comfortable position.
Occupational safety and health should be seen as important issues in the organization.
The implementation of OSH is important as it is an investment in the organization that
will give a good impact towards the productivity and also job satisfaction of workers.
Depending on the work organization and the human resources management system, the
implementation of the same OSH intervention could be adequate or not. For example,
two industrial firms could implement all the same safety devices, for instance, two firms
could share the same OSH training program, but if one of them introduces incentives to
produce faster, it is likely that workers will tend to devote less effort to follow the safety
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procedures in order to get a higher salary. Thus, the implementation of the same OSH
intervention may be more effective in the firm where the work pace is lower than in the
firm where working fast is the priority. (Villanueva, 2010)
Besides implementing the safety and health at the workplace, the organization or firm
also should establish the control. Safety regulation and norms, generically, establish that
internal control mechanisms have to continually monitor the work environment put into
practice appropriate measures and define a regular schedule in viewing the safety and
health implementation (Saksvik and Nytro, 1996). Studies of the effectiveness of the
internal control mechanisms are, principally, based on the analysis of the Norwegian and
Canadian regulation (Robson et al., 2007) that first introduce some requirements in this
field as a way to substitute external inspection with internal control of the system.
Saksvik and Nytro (1996), in Norway, and Torpet al. (2000) in Canada found that firms
implementing adequate mechanism to control the OSH interventions show a higher
awareness of OSH, reduced injury rates and stronger safety culture and climate.
(Villanueva, 2010)
As a speech by Y.B. Datuk Dr. S. Subramaniam, Minister of Human Resources, OSH
element should not be seen as intrusive or incompatible in relation to other business areas
normally considered critical by the top management, such as sales & marketing,
purchasing, accounting, strategic management etc. Good OSH, apart from providing
safety and health protection to workers, is in fact also a vital component of efforts to
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enhance the productivity, efficiency and product or service quality of companies.
(http://www.mohr.gov.my).
OSH also is an integral part of business management. Employees are often regarded by
management to be the most important asset of any organization. Hence, it makes sense
that this particular asset should be protected in terms of health and safety and fostered to
ensure that it continues to be productive.
A comprehensive communication on risk and workers’ safety should be established by all
of the organizations and business firms. The aim of this type of communication is to set
up a mechanism through which workers can report any hazard identification.
Additionally, they could use it to offer any safety suggestions. Traditional OSH
standards, the OSHAS 18001 for instance, underline the role of safety committees in
receiving and monitoring the information reported by the workers. They also stress the
advantage of creating formal channels for remarks and suggestions, and offering
incentives to participate in the scheme. Therefore, any action taken to improve the
communication channels increase the internal safety social capital, since they encourage
the transformation of individual knowledge into collective or organizational knowledge.
(Villanueva, 2010)
Efforts in encouraging safety practices should come from the management who should
conduct safety promotion, accreditation of status, reward system, distribution of safety
information and communication. Commitment from the management can be seen from
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the continuity of consistency in safety management practices and encouragement of
safety proposals from all parties in the organization. Commitment from the management
in safety and health can appear from financial budget, scheduling, practices, and
relationship with others. (Mohd Saidin Misnan, 2008)
An organization’s upper-level management has long been recognized as playing a critical
role in promoting organizational safety culture. Organizational commitment to safety
refers to the extent to which upper-level management identifies safety as a core value or
guiding principle of the organization. An organization’s commitment to safety is
therefore reflected in the ability of its upper-level management to demonstrate an
enduring, positive attitude toward safety, even in times of fiscal austerity, and to actively
promote safety in a consistent manner across all levels within the organization. When
upper-level management is committed to safety, it provides adequate resources and
consistently supports the development and implementation of safety activities. An
organization’s commitment to safety is therefore ultimately reflected by the efforts put
forth to ensure that every aspect of its operations, such as equipment, procedures,
selection, training, and work schedules, are routinely evaluated and, if necessary,
modified to improve safety. (Mohd Saidin Misnan, 2008)
In any business enterprise, the issue of preserving and retaining the employees is most
urgent. Management must now step back and take a hard look at their asset and actively
show how much they value their employees with a responsible OSH Policy backed up by
the necessary organisation and systems to implement accident prevention programmes.
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Many people are not conscious of the importance of occupational safety and health
(OSH) until an accident, injury or fatality occurs. There are industries which do not want
to invest in safety and health at the workplace because of the cost factor. They do not
seem to realize that if accidents or fatalities occur due to their disregard for OSH the costs
they have to bear will even be much heavier (www.niosh.gov.my).
The firm is obliged to provide sufficient, adequate and continuous training for all its
employees. This refers to a compulsory general training scheme for all workers, which
must be supplemented with job-specific information where necessary. The training (both
basic and specific) increases the workers’ skills to behave safely in the workplace. As a
result, organizations with better-trained workers will have a larger stock of safety human
capital and reduced workplace accidents. (Villanueva, 2010)
However, the prevention only is not necessary to deal with the organizational safety and
health. The accidents that will be occurred cannot be predicted by the organization.
Therefore, the organization should have the emergency preparedness and response
towards the workplace accidents. These arrangements should identify the potential
accidents and emergency situations, and address the prevention of risks associated with
them. The emergency plans and the occupational first aid are the most important of this
type of OSH interventions. The main aim of the emergency plans is to set up a procedure
of action in the event of serious and imminent risk. The occupational first aid,
meanwhile, is intended to ensure the rapid and effective treatment of injured workers in
the occurrence of an accident. In both cases, the firm needs to provide sufficient (tangible
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and intangible) organizational structure to deal with potential incidents. (Villanueva,
2010)
In fact, the firm creates a “virtual” organization structure to be put in action immediately
after the incident occurs. Thus, firms use, for instance, emergency drills or evacuation
practice to develop such a structure. This organizational ability has a much stronger
collective safety capital than individual focus, as we can confirm with the fact that
performance indicators in evacuation, for example, are assessed in collective terms. We
therefore deem that the structural component of firm’s safety capital will increase with
effective handling of emergencies. (Villanueva, 2010)
Learning from health and safety incidents in the workplace is critical for organizations.
This has been of particularly high importance following a number of widely publicized
major accidents. Such incidents receive a great deal of media attention and are damaging
to both people and the organizations in which they work. Learning from incidents
provides potential solutions to preventing future safety crises by looking back at what has
happened and deriving lessons learned and predicting probable future challenges. (Dane
Lukic, 2010)
A safe working environment is very necessary to erase the high risk image that is closely
associated especially in heavy industry like construction industry. Safe working
environment may also be referred to as construction safety which is a standard of quality
that is indicated in the contract and required by the client. Often projects are becoming
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more complex, and safety has become the main focus in ensuring the safety of the
construction personnel and properties. Developed countries such as UK and Australia
have enforced safety rules in contractors’ works on site. Revolution and changes in safety
system management have become a mandate inpracticing safety action that can be
managed interminably. The construction industry is labour intensive based on wet trades.
This factor contributes to the low quality of work due to the workers’ lack of expertise
and training, while at the same time exposes them to accidents easily. (Mohd Saidin
Misnan, 2008)
Besides that, OSH also can be tells as a “good business”. Observations and evidence had
shown that an increase in productivity and an improvement in workplace environment
were the results of good safety and health work practices and the adoption of a work
safety culture.
Glendon and McKenna (1995) pointed out that organization with good safety cultures
have employees with positive patterns of attitudes towards safety practice. These
organizations have mechanisms in place to gather safety-related information, measure
safety performance and bring people together to learn how to work more safely. Ostrom
et al. (1993) looked at the employees’ perceptions of safety culture as follows:
1. management attitudes towards safety,
2. perceived level of risk,
3. effects of work pace;
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4. management actions towards safety;
5. status of safety adviser and safety committee;
6. importance of health and safety training; and
7. Social status of safety and promotion.
Creating a culture of safety means that the employees are constantly aware of hazards in
the workplace, including the ones that they create themselves. It becomes second nature
to the employees to take steps to improve safety. The responsibility is on everyone, not
just the management. However, this is a long process to get to that point (Dilley and
Kleiner, 1996).
Safety and health culture within a company is closely linked to the workforce’s attitudes
in respect to safety. They share the company’s risk, accidents and incidents. The role of
management and the involvement of all employees as important key players in safety and
health culture are important to cultivate the positive beliefs, practices, norms and attitudes
among all in the company. (Mohd Saidin Misnan, 2008)
Effective safety management is both functional (involving management control,
monitoring, executive and communication subsystems) and human (involving leadership,
political and safety culture sub-systems paramount to safety culture). The concept of
safety culture emerged from earlier ideas of organizational climate, organizational culture
and safety climate. They described safety culture as the embodiment of a set of
principles, which loosely defines what organisation is like in terms of health and safety. It
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is sufficient here to say that people have beliefs about their leaders, and their leaders'
strengths and weaknesses can influence their work culture. Furthermore, they will have
values and beliefs about what constitutes good leadership. (Mohd Saidin Misnan, 2008)
An effective safety and health (S&H) program cannot succeed without the active
participation of all organization elements. The variables play a crucial part in making the
success factor in implementing the OSHA in the organization. Without the involvement
between two parties it won’t be effective as the organization plans to do. It’s important
for the employee to get involved in the safety program because they are the backbone of
the company and they are connected closely to the operation held in the organization.
Every activity in the operation will affect the employee as they are the one handling the
task daily. (Hussain, 2009)
The safety and health legislations have changed over the years with more emphasis on
safety at work. The rules and regulations were improved to make the working
environment safe. Besides, the effect of laws, many factors related to safety activism also
influence the decision of modern managers regarding health and safety such as the active
role of the trade unions, consumerism and the legal battle by accident/incident victims.
All these factors are forcing managers to change their attitudes towards safety. (Mohd
Saidin Misnan, 2008)
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In the context of benefits safety in employee, the employee will have better knowledge
toward the occupational safety and health standard. As Malaysia becoming a developing
country, knowledge plays an important role in each individual to gain the information and
increase their knowledge of safety. Without the knowledge about the Occupational Safety
and Health, the potential injury in the organization in Malaysia will increase every year.
Due to the benefits of knowledge toward the Occupational Safety and Health rules and
regulations, it will give a positive impact of work culture. Therefore, when safety become
a priority issue in the organization, it will increase the productivity of company's where
the company do not have to spend a lot of money on the compensation to the workers.
For the employer benefits, the employer will be alerted toward the injury at workplace
and becomes more sensitive to the surrounding and will provide a counseling session to
the affected employee for them the gain strength and motivation to proceed their routine
work. Besides, by reducing the number of accident rate, effective safety and health
management reduces cost of doing the business and promote business effectively.
Managing OHSA at the workplace is important for at least three main reasons, legal,
moral obligation and economic (Khan, 2004)
Companies should regard occupational safety and health as part of their corporate
responsibility and must allocate yearly budget for safety training to help prevent work-
related accidents because accidents don’t just happen as they are caused and as such they
can be prevented. An accident-free environment helps the company to save and increases
the organization’s productivity and profitability. It will also help to boost the morale of
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the workers. Companies must not profit at the expense of safety because if accidents
occur, lives may be lost and productivity will be affected. Even in times of economic
downturn, companies must not cut costs at the expense of safety and health
(http://www.allaboutsafety.com/articles).
Attitude is a very difficult to handle as it is the habit of the people. Even the word attitude
itself is difficult to be defined. Attitude is define as recurrent behaviours that cause
repetation. Theoretically, when the workers look their safety as small matter, it may cause
a large number of accidents in an organization. whenever the accidents occurred, the
manager will be blame. Thus, to cope with this problem, the first thing to consider when
placing a worker for the jobs, the manager should find out whether the worker has the
knowledge of the operation and how his or her mental attitude (Morel R.J, 2000).
Attitude represents an individual’s degree of like and dislike. Attitude not only just
reflects the human perceive but it includes motivation and reaction toward the specific
things. Attitude is important when certain rules and regulation being implemented by the
organization but there is no positive reaction by the employee it won’t make any
continuous improvement in a process of increasing safety at the workplace. Managers’
attitude and behavior may influence employee attitudes as well as their behavior.
(Rundmo and Hale,2003)
Some researcher decide that it is not easy to decide in what really an ideal attitude
contributing to safety (Rundmo & Hale,2003). The ideal attitude enhancing safety which
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it capable in reducing the number of accident in the workplace. Instead there are two
dimensions that reflect employee attitude. There are positive and negative attitude of
employee. These attitude will determine whether they are aware of the organizational
safety and health or not.
Positive culture in organization creates a positive environment. The aim of create positive
culture is to create an atmosphere in which employees are aware of the risks that they
facing in their workplace and to avoid the unexpected conditions. Positive culture is
defined by B.Fernandez-Muniz et al (2007) as a set values, perceptions, attitudes and
pattern of behavior with regard to safety shared by members of the organization; as well
as a set of policies, practices and procedure relating to the reductions of employees’
exposure to occupational risk, implemented at every level of the organization and
reflecting high level of concern and commitment to the prevention of accidents and
illness. Every organization has its own culture to develop its own organization. Culture is
the mood created by those beliefs and attitude which shape our behavior.
Safety culture consist of shared beliefs, value and behavior and attitude in an organization
as ‘safety culture’ may be perceived as a subset of organizational culture where the
beliefs and values refer specifically to the matter of health and safety (Clarke, 1999)
Safety culture is an organizations norm, employee beliefs, roles, attitude and practice
concerning on with minimizing exposure of employees to workplace hazards (Ostram et
al,1993 and A.G Vrendenburgh,2002)
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2.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 2.1: Conceptual framework for employees’ awareness
Conceptual framework is the framework that is done in order to give an overview on the
study. According to the figure above, there are three independent variables which are
employees’ attitude, safety culture, and employees’ involvement. The dependent variable
for this study is the level of employees’ awareness on organizational safety and health.
Employees’
Attitude
Safety cultureThe level of employees’
awareness on organizational
safety and health
Employees’
Involvement
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2.3 HYPOTHESIS
2.3.1 Employees’ Attitude
(HA) There is a significant relationship between employees’ attitude and the
level of employees’ awareness on organizational safety and health.
(Ho) There is no significant relationship between employees’ attitude and the
level of employees’ awareness on organizational safety and health.
2.3.2 Safety Culture
(HA) There is a significant relationship between safety culture and the level of
employees’ awareness on organizational safety and health.
(Ho) There is no significant relationship between safety culture and the level of
employees’ awareness on organizational safety and health.
2.3.3 Employees’ Involvement
(HA) There is a significant relationship between employees’ involvement and
the level of employees’ awareness on organizational safety and health.
(Ho) There is no significant relationship between employees’ involvement and
the level of employees’ awareness on organizational safety and health.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design is refers to the overall approach that have been used by the
researcher. For the purpose of this research, the researcher used the hypotheses testing.
This is because the research is to identify the relationship between the dependent variable
and all independent variable.
3.2 UNIT OF ANALYSIS AND RESPONDENTS
The unit of analysis for this research paper is the employees that working in Honda
Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. in Alor Gajah, Melaka. The respondent will be focus on the
employee of the company whereby they are handling and using the equipment in the
organization and they were facing with the health and safety hazards every day.
3.3 SAMPLE SIZE
This study covered 100 respondents who are the employees of Honda Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.
The respondents would be randomly chosen.
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3.4 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Sampling technique is divided into two categories which are probability sampling
technique and non-probability sampling technique. For this research paper, the sampling
technique that is chosen is convenience sampling which is under the non-probability
sampling technique. This is where all the elements are readily available to ascertain how
they are experiencing the safety and health at the workplace.
3.5 DATA COLLECTION METHOD
There are two categories of data while conducting this study which are the primary data,
and secondary data. The primary data is the data that is collected directly by the
researcher. While secondary data is the data that is gathered from other resources such as
published materials, journals, articles or websites. The primary data for this study is
questionnaire and the secondary data is from other sources.
3.5.1 PRIMARY DATA (QUESTIONNAIRE)
The ways of collecting data is through questionnaire methods. The questionnaire
will be distributed to the employees of Honda Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. There will be
25 questions being prepared in the questionnaire. The questions will be
categorized into three variables which consist of attitude, safety culture, and
employees’ awareness and involvement.
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3.5.2 SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data refers to the published data that are collected by the other parties
in the previous time. The data might be collected through journals, articles,
websites, case study, books and other sources. For this study, the sendary data is
collected from the websites of Department of Safety and Health (DOSH), articles
and journals from Emerald Group Publishing Limited, and from the
Organizational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA).
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CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
After conducting the research, the data had been analyzed using the SPSS. This section
shows the data that have been collected through the questionnaire. The data that has been
collected will be represented in the form of table, chart, and graph. The data are in term
of respondent’s profile, all independent variables and dependant variables.
4.2 RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
4.2.1 Employee’s Attitude
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.783 5
Table 4.2.1: Reliability statistic for employees’ attitude
The table above shows the reliability statistic for employees’ attitude. N indicates
the number of question under this variable. There are five questions under
employees’ attitude. The Cronbach’s Alpha for this variable is 0.783. It shows
that the reliability of this variable is very good because it’s more than 0.7.
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4.2.2 Safety Culture
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.810 5
Table 4.2.2: Reliability statistic for safety culture
The table above shows the reliability statistic for safety culture. There are also
five questions under this variable. The Cronbach’s Alpha is 0.810 and it indicates
that the reliability of this data is very good.
4.2.3 Employees’ involvement
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.809 4
Table 4.2.3: Reliability statistic for employees’ involvement
The table above shows the reliability statistic for employees’ involvement. There
are four questions under this variable. The Cronbach’s Alpha is 0.809. It indicates
that the reliability of the data under employees’ involvement is very good.
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4.2.4 Employees’ Awareness on Organizational Safety and Helath.
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.738 4
Table 4.2.4: Reliability statistic for employees’ awareness
The table above shows the reliability statistic for all independent variable in this
survey. There are three independent variables that includes in this survey which
are employees’ attitude, safety culture, and employees’ participation. The result of
Cronbach’s Alpha is 0.782. It indicates that the reliability of all of the data of
independent variables is very good.
4.3 RESPONDENTS’ PROFILE
This refers to the demographic section of the questionnaire. The respondents’ profile
includes the analysis of respondents’ background which is gender, age, marital status,
monthly income, employment period, and job title.
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4.3.1 Gender
Table 4.3.1: Gender
Gender
FemaleMale
P e r c e n t
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Figure 4.3.1: Gender
The table and figure above show that the total number of respondents is 100.
There are 53 (53%) male respondents and 47 (47%) female respondents. It is clear
that the number of male respondents is more than female respondents.
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Male53 53.0 53.0 53.0
Female 47 47.0 47.0 100.0
Valid
Total 100 100.0 100.0
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4.3.2 Age
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
18-2528 28.0 28.0 28.026-33 51 51.0 51.0 79.0
34-41 16 16.0 16.0 95.0
42> 5 5.0 5.0 100.0
Valid
Total 100 100.0 100.0
Table 4.3.2: Age
42>34-4126-3318-25
P e r c e n t
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Figure 4.3.2: Age
The table and figure above shows that there are 28 respondents are in the age of
18 to 25 years old, 51 respondents are 26 to 33 years old, 16 respondents are 34 to
41 years old, and 5 respondents are in the age of 42 and above. Most respondents
are ranging from 26 to 33 years old.
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4.3.3 Marital Status
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Single44 44.0 44.0 44.0Married 55 55.0 55.0 99.0
Widowed 1 1.0 1.0 100.0
Valid
Total 100 100.0 100.0
Table 4.3.3: Marital Status
WidowedMarriedSingle
P e r c e n t
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Figure 4.3.3: Marital Status
The table and figure above shows that 44 respondents are single, 55 respondents
are married, and only one respondent is divorced. Most of the respondents for this
study are the employees that are married.
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4.3.4 Monthly Income
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
1,000 -1,99944 44.0 44.0 44.02,000-2,999 39 39.0 39.0 83.0
3,000-3,999 13 13.0 13.0 96.0
4,000> 4 4.0 4.0 100.0
Valid
Total 100 100.0 100.0
Table 4.3.4: Monthly income
4,000>3,000-3,9992,000-2,9991,000 -1,999
P e r c e n t
50
40
30
20
10
0
Figure 4.3.4: Monthly Income
The above table and figure shows that most of the respondents (44 respondents)
have an income between RM 1,000 to RM 1, 999. It means that most of the
respondents come from the lower or middle level of management.
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4.3.5 Employment Period
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
0-247 47.0 47.0 47.03-5 33 33.0 33.0 80.0
6> 20 20.0 20.0 100.0
Valid
Total 100 100.0 100.0
Table 4.3.5: Employment Period
6>3-50-2
P e r c e n t
50
40
30
20
10
0
Figure 4.3.5: Employment Period
The table and figure above shows that most of the respondents (47 respondents)
have been working in Honda Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. between 0 to 2 years. While the
lowest number of respondents (20 respondents) from the senior group which have
been working for 6 or more than 6 years.
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4.3.6 Job Title
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Operation employees33 33.0 33.0 33.0Administration
employees 62 62.0 62.0 95.0
Others 5 5.0 5.0 100.0
Valid
Total 100 100.0 100.0
Table 4.3.6: Job Title
OthersAdministration employeesOperation employees
P e r c e n t
60
40
20
0
Figure 4.3.6: Job Title
The above table and figure shows that the respondents are come from 3 categories
which are operation employees, administration employees, and others. The
highest number of respondents is the administration employees which are 62
respondents.
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4.4 CORRELATION ANALYSIS
4.4.1 Correlation between employees’ attitude and employees’ awareness
Employees' attitude Employees' awareness
Employees'attitude
Pearson Correlation1 .586(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N100 100
Employees'awareness
Pearson Correlation.586(**) 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 100 100
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Table 4.4.1: Correlation between employees’ attitude and employees’ awareness.
The table above shows the correlation between employees’ attitude and
employees’ awareness. The correlation between the two variables is 0.586. It
indicates that there is positive and moderate relationship between employees’
attitude and employees’ awareness. Since p (0.00) < α (0.05), it rejects null
hypothesis (Ho). Therefore, there is significant relationship between employees’
attitude and employees’ awareness.
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4.4.2 Correlation between safety culture and employees’ awareness.
Safety culture Employees' awareness
Safety culture Pearson Correlation 1 .443(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N100 100
Employees'awareness
Pearson Correlation.443(**) 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 100 100
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Table 4.4.2: Correlation between safety culture and employees’ awareness.
The above table shows that the correlation (r) is 0.443. It indicates that there is a
positive and moderate relationship between the safety culture and the employees’
awareness. Since p (0.000) < α (0.05), it rejects null hypothesis (Ho). Therefore,
there is significant relationship between the safety culture and employees’
awareness.
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4.4.3 Correlation between employees’ involvement and employees’ awareness.
Employees' involvement Employees' awareness
Employees'
involvement
Pearson Correlation
1 .590(**)Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N100 100
Employees'awareness
Pearson Correlation.590(**) 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 100 100
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Table 4.4.3: Correlation between employees’ involvement and employees’ awareness.
From the table above, it shows that the correlation (r) is 0.590. It shows that there
is a positive and moderate relationship between employees’ involvement an
employees’ awareness. Since p (0.00) < α (0.05), reject the null hypothesis (Ho).
Therefore, there is significant relationship between employees’ involvement and
employees’ awareness.
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CHAPTER V
RECOMMENDATION
Employees’ attitude stated a lowest score towards the employees’ awareness on
organizational safety and health. It is recommended that, the employer should make extra
effort in shaping the employees’ attitude towards organizational safety and health. This
can be done through strictly enforcing the safety and health policy at the workplace.
As what we know, it is difficult to shape the behavior of a people. This is because the
behavior is something that is difficult to control. Most of the employees did not take full
concern about their safety at the workplace. The task is often done by not following the
safety rules. This is may be due to the time constraints. The employees may want to
accomplish their task in a quick time. Therefore, they did not follow the safety rule.
In order to make them follow the safety rules, the manager or supervisor should force
them to follow the policy. The supervisor or safety officer should make a strict control
over the safety and health behavior. One of the best practice that the organization can
take is observe the staff through the CCTV. Through this, the manager or supervisor will
be able to detect the unsafe behavior practice by the employees. Whenever the unsafe
behavior has been identified, the safety officer should strictly take disciplinary action
towards the employees. As a result, the employees will more careful in doing their job as
they did not want to be taken disciplinary action by the safety officer. Through this, the
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organization can enhance positive attitude towards safety and health at the workplace.
Whenever the attitude of the employees is enhanced, it will increase the level of
awareness on OSH.
Besides the attitude, it is recommended that the manager or supervisor need to develop
more positive culture on organizational safety and health. This is because, the safety
culture is important in enhancing the level of awareness among employees on
organizational safety and health. The safety culture can be developed through the daily
safety advice by the supervisor. It is suggested that, every morning, before the employees
start their work, the manager or supervisor should give brief advice on safety and health.
This culture can help in enhancing employees’ awareness.
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CHAPTER VI
CONCLUSION
Safety and health is very important aspects that need to be given full attention in one
organization. It is not only in private sector but it also essential to the public sector. The
accidents that are occurred in the workplace will have a great impact towards the
organization. The production will be most affected when there are accidents in the
workplace. The study had shown that there are positive relationships between the
employees’ attitude, safety culture, and the employees’ involvement towards the level of
employee’ awareness on organizational safety and health.
The employees’ awareness towards the organizational safety and health is mostly
influence by the employees’ involvement. Whenever the employees involve in the safety
and health program that is conducted by the organization, it will increase their awareness
on the important of safety and health. It is undeniable that the employees that are not
involved in the organization’s program on safety and health did not aware about the
importance of OSH. This is because, some of the employees did not have even little
knowledge about OSH. Therefore, if they are not involving in the program conducted by
the organizations, they will not know what is actually OSH and it make them unaware on
the safety and health hazard.
To conclude, the most factor that influence the level of employees’ awareness is the
employees’ involvement. It is important for the organization to make sure that the
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employees are always involved in the safety and health program conducted by the
organization. The involvement of employees is important in order to increase their
awareness on workplace safety and health. The employees’ awareness towards safety and
health in the workplace is very important as it will reduce the number of accidents
occurred during working hours.
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REFERENCES
WEBSITES
http://www. niosh.com.my
http://www.freedictionary.com
http://www.dosh.gov.my
http://www.mohr.gov.my
http://www.allaboutsafety.com/articles
BOOKS AND JOURNALS
Dane Lukic, A. M. (2010). How Organisations Learn From Safety Incidents: A Multifaceted
Problem. The Journal of Workplace Learning , 22, 428-450.
Dilley, H. and Kleiner, B.H. (1996). Creating a Culture of Safety. Work Study. 45(3): 5-8
Fernandez B.M, Peon J.M.M. and Varquez-Ordas C.J. (2007). Safety culture: Analysis of the
casual relationship between its key dimensions. Journal of Safety Research. 38.627-641
Glendon, A.I. and McKenna, E.F. (1995). Human Safety and Risk Management.
London: Chapman & Hall.
Hussain, N. H. (2009). The Critical Success Factor in Implement Occupational Safety and Health(OSHA).
Lind, S. (2008). Safety risk assessment in industrial maintenance. Journal of Quality inMaintenance Engineering , 14, 205-217.
Modarres, M. (2006), Risk Analysis in Engineering. Techniques, Tools, Trends, Taylor &
Francis. Boca Raton, FL.
Mohd Saidin Misnan, A. H. (2008). Development of Safety Culture in the Construction Industry:
The Leadership and Training Roles. 19.
Ostrom, L., Wilhelmsen, C. and Kaplan, B. (1993). Assessing Safety Culture. Journalof Nuclear Safety. 34(2): 163-173.
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Rundmo T. and Hale A.R. (2003) Managers’ attitudes towards safety and accident prevention.Safety Science, 41, 557-574.
Saksvik, P. and Nitro, K. (1996), “Implementation of internal control of health, environment and
safety in Norwegian enterprises”, Safety Science, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 53-61.
Villanueva, I. N. (2010). PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE. Safety capital: the management of organizational knowledge on occupational health and safety , 16.
Wilson-Donnelly, K.A., Priest, H.A., Salas, E. and Burke, S. (2005), “The impact of
organizational practices on safety manufacturing: a review and reappraisal”, Human Factors andErgonomics in Manufacturing, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 135-76.
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994. Act 514.
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APPENDICES
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QUESTIONNAIRE
THE STUDY ON THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH AMONG EMPLOYEES IN HONDA MALAYSIA SDN. BHD
Dear respondents,
I am conducting a survey regarding the awareness on the safety and health at the workplace. This
study is to find out the level of awareness among the employees in Honda Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.
Thank you very much for your cooperation and I greatly appreciate the time that you spent to
answer this questionnaire.
Saya sedang mengendalikan satu kajian mengenai kesedaran keselamatan dan kesihatan di
tempat kerja. Kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti tahap kepekaan di kalangan kakitangan
Honda Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.
Jutaan terima kasih diucapkan di atas kerjasama anda dan saya sangat menghargai masa yang
diluangkan untuk menjawab borang kaji selidik ini.
Prepared by,
Nor Fadilla Binti Othman
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SECTION A : RESPONDENT’S PROFILE
Please tick (√) your answer in the following box
1. Gender
( ) Male
( ) Female
2. Age
( ) 18 - 25 years
( ) 26 - 33 years
( ) 34 – 41 years
( ) 42 years and above
3. Marital Status
( ) Single
( ) Married
( ) Widowed
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4. Monthly Income
( ) RM 1,000 – RM 1,999
( ) RM 2,000 – RM 2,999
( ) RM 3,000 – RM 3,999
( ) RM 4,000 and above
5. How long you have work for this company?
( ) 0 – 2 years
( ) 3 – 5 years
( ) 6 years and above
6. What is your job title?
( ) Operation Employee
( ) Administration Employee
( ) Others
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SECTION B
The following are the statement on the safety and health management that may be practiced in a
company. Please circle on the appropriate number to indicate your agreement.
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
1 2 3 4 5
EMPLOYEES’ ATTITUDE
1.There are positive attitude towards safety and
health in this organization.1 2 3 4 5
2.Your employer is effective in implementing safety
and health policies.1 2 3 4 5
3.All workers enforce safety and health on their
routine job.1 2 3 4 5
4. Unsafe behavior should not be tolerated 1 2 3 4 5
5.The task should be completely done according to
the safety and health rules.1 2 3 4 5
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SAFETY CULTURE
1.The manager always conducts safety and health
training to the employees.1 2 3 4 5
2. There are effective communication channel indealing with safety and health problem.
1 2 3 4 5
3.The whole organization work together to create
safety work environment.1 2 3 4 5
4.Safety rules are enforced even though there are no
accidents occurred.1 2 3 4 5
5.Your company takes full concern on theemployees’ safety, health, and welfare.
1 2 3 4 5
EMPLOYEES’ INVOLVEMENT
1.All employees have the opportunity to contribute
idea regarding safety and health on the workplace.1 2 3 4 5
2.
I often taking part on the safety and health training
provided by this organization. 1 2 3 4 5
3.All the accidents occurred are appropriatelyreported to the top management.
1 2 3 4 5
4.I am willing to report on the safety and health
violence conducted by co-workers.1 2 3 4 5
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EMPLOYEES’ AWARENESS
1.I have a good knowledge on the workplace safety
and health.1 2 3 4 5
2.This organization is fully free from safety and
health hazards.1 2 3 4 5
3.All employees need to cooperate in improving the
safety and health environment.1 2 3 4 5
4. New employee must be given training onworkplace safety and health.
1 2 3 4 5
5.Employees should give high priority on safety and
health at workplace.1 2 3 4 5
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No of accidents occurred according to
sector