Board of Management MyCT 2013/2014

President : Dr. Jaafar Abdullah (Nuklear Malaysia) Deputy President : Prof. Dr. Ruzairi Abdul Rahim (UTM) Hon. Secretary : Engku Mohd Fahmi Engku Chik (Nuklear Malaysia) Deputy Hon. Secretary : Mohd Amirul Syafiq Mohd Yunos (Nuklear Malaysia) Hon. Treasurer : Dr. Elmy Johana Mohamad (UTHM) Committee Members : Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd Sobri Takriff (UKM) Assoc. Prof Dr. Zainul Ahmad Rajion (USM) Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Idris Ismail (UTP) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sam’an Malik Masudi (USM) Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman (UniMAP) Dr. Mohd Hezri Fazalul Rahiman (UiTM) Yasmin Abdul Wahab (UMP) Suzanna Ridzuan Aw (TATIUC) Roslan Yahya (Nuklear Malaysia) Prof. Ir. Dr. Muhammad Mukhlisin (UKM) Chief Editor : Assoc. Prof Dr. Zainul Ahmad Rajion (USM) Editor : Johari Yap Abdullah (USM) Mohd Amirul Syafiq Mohd Yunos (Nuklear Malaysia)

HAPPY INDEPENDENCE DAY MALAYSIA

WHERE LOVE GROWS

X-rays are a type of radiation called electromagnetic waves. It is a quick and painless procedure that gives us images of the structures from the inside of our body. The images show the parts of our body in different shades of black and white. This is because different tissues absorb different amounts of radiation. Calcium in bones absorbs x-rays the most, so bones look white. Fat and other soft tissues absorb less, and look gray. Air absorbs the least, so lungs look black.

The most familiar use of x-rays is checking for broken bones, but x-rays are also used in other ways. For example, chest x-rays can spot pneumonia. Mammograms use x-rays to look for breast cancer. With current advanced technology, the amount of radiation from an x-ray is relatively small. For example, a chest x-ray gives out a radiation dose similar to the amount of radiation we are naturally exposed to from the environment over 10 days.

X-rays not only used for medical purposes, but also in the industry such as automotive, aerospace, petrochemical, power generation and other industries. It is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method that examines the volume of a specimen. X-rays and gamma-rays used to produce a radiograph of a specimen, showing any changes in thickness, defects (internal and external), and assembly details to ensure optimum quality in the operation.

This is in consistent of MyCT as to promote its members in further research involving interdisciplinary area in medical and industry for the benefit of the society.

From the Chief Editor

Malaysian Society for Computed Tomography and Imaging Technology (MyCT)

Figure 1, 2, 3 & 4:- X-rays in medical and industry

1 2

3 4

Chief Editor : Assoc. Prof Dr. Zainul Ahmad Rajion (Universiti Sains Malaysia)

Malaysian Society for Computed Tomography and Imaging Technology (MyCT)

MyCT was registered with the Registrar of Society (ROS) on the 23rd of February 2013. Almost a year after registration with ROS, the first MyCT Annual General Meeting (AGM) was held at UTM Skudai on the 6th of February, 2014. About half of members (26 out of 56 members) attended the meeting which complied to the ruling of ROS where at least double of the committee members or half of the members to attend the AGM to meet the quorum. Four sub-committee were established:- (1) Technical & Training Committee headed by Dr. Jaafar Abdullah, (2) Publication & Promotion Committee headed by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zainul Ahmad Rajion, (3) Research & Development Committee headed by Prof. Dr. Ruzairi Abdul Rahim and (4) Human Capital Committee headed by Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd Sobri Takriff. All 15 protem committee members were re-elected as MyCT committee members for the term 2014-2016.

Date: 6th February 2014 Time: 9.00 am – 12.00 pm Venue: UTM Skudai, Johor

1st MyCT Annual General Meeting

IAEA/RCA Training Course on Radioactive Particle Tracking (RPT) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) for Multiphase Process Investigations

Date: 14th - 18th April 2014 Time: 9.00 am – 5.00 pm Venue: Agensi Nuklear Malaysia

IAEA/RCA Training Course on Industrial Radioactive Particle Tracking (RPT) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) for Multiphase Flow Investigations is one of the main activities of the project of the IAEA / RCA Project RAS-1-012 titled Characterizing and Optimizing Process Dynamics in Complex Industrial Systems Using Radiotracer and Sealed Source Techniques, which has the primary objective to increase the studies and research on the benefits and commercial applications of the technology for tracking radioactive particles and tracer material for industrial use. The organization of this course has enable Malaysia to achieve technology transfer and exchange of knowledge which in turn has contribute to the development of human capital, strengthen expertise and the socio -economic development. In addition, a local researcher has got the opportunity to foster closer ties and establish cooperation with overseas participants from 12 country - Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philiphines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and 3 local participant from Malaysia had a good experience and delivered by course expert, Dr. Jong-Bum Kim from Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and Prof Dr Shantanu Roy from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), India.

Malaysian Society for Computed Tomography and Imaging Technology (MyCT)

A segmented electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) imager for palm oil process monitoring system is constructed and presented in this work.The goal of this study is to use the process monitoring system as an instrument to upkeep the local and foreign palm oil mill. This is to ensure that the monitoring of crude palm oil (CPO) in conveying pipeline during extraction of palm oil mill process flow process is efficiently controlled. The system has the capability to visualize the percentage of liquid that exist within the vessel therefore the data can be utilized to design and create better process equipment in mill process. It will also be used to control some processes in order to boost the quality of crude palm oil and the POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) treatment process. Most ECT in earlier research were created rapidly and utilized well in multiphase flow measurement in numerous applications such as in oil and gas industries, gas/solids cyclone, milk flows and fluidized beds. Experimentally, this work investigates the capability of using a twin-plane segmented ECT sensor with 16 portable electrodes using two differential excitation potentials transmitted signal in order to recognize the concentration and velocity profile as well as the phase concentration of crude palm oil related multiphase systems (liquid and gas). The attained concentration profile which is received from the capacitance measurements is capable to provide image of the liquid and gas mixture in the pipeline therefore, the separation process (between oil and liquid waste) becomes much easier and the crude palm oil’s quality can be dependably monitored. The visualization results deliver information regarding the flow regime, superficial velocity and concentration distribution in two-phase flow-rate measurement system incorporating a liquid flow measuring device. The information obtained is able to help in the process equipment designing, verification of existing computational modeling and simulation techniques. It may also assist in process control and monitoring during the palm oil extraction process.

Intracranial volume (ICV) is defined as the volume within the cranium, including the brain, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid. Several methods of ICV measurement had been established and the manual method is considered the gold standard. However, obtaining the ICV via the manual method by assessing every slice of the computed tomography (CT) images is laborious and time consuming. Therefore, alternative methods which reduced the time in measuring the ICV without sacrificing their accuracy and reliability should be established. The aim of this study was to evaluate techniques of ICV estimation for pre- and post-operative ICV of patients underwent decompressive craniectomy (DC). A cross sectional study design was employed in 55 patients with CT head scans (41 males, 14 females) who were between 15 to 86 years old. All patients were scanned twice, using the Siemens Somatom Definition AS+ 128-slice (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) at the Radiology Department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. CT images with a slice thickness of 1 mm and a matrix of 512x512 pixels were retrieved and analysed using open-source MITK 3M3 software. The ICV was first measured by the manual method and then compared with estimated ICV calculated using Cavalieri and shape-based interpolation methods with 1-in-5 and 1-in-10 sampling strategies. The estimation on ICV using the Cavalieri method with 1-in-10 sampling strategy was repeated three times for reliability analysis using intraclass correlations coefficient (ICC). Bland-Altman plot was used to measure agreement between the manual and the Cavalieri method with 1-in-10 sampling strategy. The mean ICV (± SD) were 1341.1 ml ± 122.1 and 1396.4 ml ± 132.4 for pre- and post-operative CT data of DC patients, respectively. A one-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to compare ICV measurements using the different methods. No significant difference was found in ICV measurement using the manual, Cavalieri 1-in-5, Cavalieri 1-in-10, shape-based interpolation 1-in-5, or shape-based interpolation 1-in-10 methods for both pre- and post-operative ICV measurements; p = .989 and p = .991, respectively. The intrarater ICC showed a significant correlation; ICC = 1.00. Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement between the manual and Cavalieri methods. In conclusion, the Cavalieri and shape-based interpolation methods gave comparable results in estimating ICV compared to the manual segmentation. Thus, these methods could be used in clinical settings for a rapid and reliable ICV estimation.

“A segmented capacitance tomography for visualising material distributions in pipeline conveying crude palm oil”.

Researchers: Prof. Dr. Ruzairi Abdul Rahim (UTM), Dr. Elmy Johana Mohamad (UTHM)

“Intracranial volume measurement for pre- and post-operative decompressive craniectomy based on computed tomography brain images”.

Researchers: Johari Yap Abdullah & Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zainul Ahmad Rajion(USM)

Malaysian Society for Computed Tomography and Imaging Technology (MyCT)

Date: 25th August 2014 Time: 10.00 am – 12.30 pm Venue: UTM KL Campus, Kuala Lumpur

First MyCT board of management (BOM) meeting for 2014 after the AGM was held at UTM KL Campus, Jalan Semarak, Kuala Lumpur on the 25th of August, 2014. About 11 out of 15 members attended the meeting. Among proposed activities discussed in the meeting were:-

• Coloqium at USM Health Campus, Kubang Kerian (February 2015)

• Workshop on Advance Image Processing and Analysis using Volume Graphics (VG Studio) Max 2.2.5 & coming VG Studio Max 3.0 (2014)

• Workshop for 3rd year undergraduate student at UiTM, Shah Alam (between Sep-Dec 2014)

• Demonstration related to Tomography research to postgraduate students at UTM Skudai (date not fixed yet)

• Shared research tools – free of charge for students doing research in Tomography at Nuclear Malaysia, especially under the supervision of Dr Jaafar.

• International Workshop on Process Tomography (IWPT-6, 2017). Malaysia was invited to organised this workshop which will be headed by MyCT with co-organisers from other institutions.Venue would be either in UKM Bangi or UTM Skudai

• Seminar on Computational, Simulation and Modeling Research, and Workshop on Accelerator Driven System (ADS), jointly organized by Nuclear Malaysia and Computer, Simulation and Modeling Interest Community/Group (COSMIC) at Bayview Hotel, Malacca on 5-7 Nov 2014

1st MyCT Board of Management Meeting 2014

Malaysian Society of Computed Tomography and Imaging Technology (MyCT) c/o Suite 29T026, Industrial Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency,

Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Tel: 03-89250510 Fax: 03-89250907 E-mail: jaafar@nuclearmalaysia.gov.my

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