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Muhammad Muizz B Mohd NAwawi HB070025

Khairul Anuar B. Ab. Wahab HB070036

Mohd Nashmal B Mohmad Rozee HB070037

Lukman Nul Hakim B. Md Terasid HB070014

TEKNOLOGI PENDIDIKAN DALAM PTV

(MBE1053)

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Pengenalan

Photography - process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium.– such as a film or electronic sensor.

• Photography - comes from the French “photographie”

• Based on the Greek words:– phos ("light"), and graphis ("stylus", "paintbrush")

or graphê ("representation by means of lines" or "drawing"), together meaning "drawing with light."

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• Device used to capture images.

• As still photographs or as sequences

• Latin - camera obscura for "dark chamber"

• Cameras may work with the light of the visible spectrum or with other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum

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Jenis Kamera

• Single-lens reflex camera

• Digital single-lens reflex camera

• Twin-lens reflex camera

• Rangefinder camera

• View camera

• Movie camera

• Toy camera

• Video camera

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• Single-Lens Reflex (SLR) camera - utilizes an automatic moving mirror system – which permits the photographer to see exactly

what will be captured by the film or digital imaging system.

Cross-section view of SLR system:1 - Front-mount Lens (4 element Tessar design)2 - Reflex Mirror at 45 degree angle3 - Focal Plane Shutter4 - 35 mm Film or Sensor5 - Focusing Screen6 - Condenser Lens7 - Optical Glass Pentaprism (or Pentamirror)8 - Eyepiece (can have diopter correction ability)

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• Digital single-lens reflex camera (digital SLR or DSLR) – digital camera that uses an automatic mirror

system and pentaprism

– to direct light from the lens through the viewfinder eyepiece.

A modern DSLR, the Canon EOS 40D, with an 85mm prime lens attached

Cross-section view of SLR system.1 - 4-element lens2 - Reflex mirror3 - Focal-plane shutter4 - Sensor5 - Matte focusing screen6 - Condenser lens7 - Pentaprism8 - Eyepiece

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• Camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length.

• One of the lenses is the photographic objective

• The other is used for the waist-level viewfinder system.

• twin-lens reflex camera (TLR)

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• rangefinder camera is a camera fitted with a rangefinder.

• a range-finding focusing mechanism allowing the photographer to measure the subject distance

• and take photographs that are in sharp focus.

The Epson R-D1 with a Leica lens & The Leica M8

Rangefinder Camera

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• view camera is a type of camera first developed in the era

• video camera is a camera used for electronic motion picture acquisition

• initially developed by the television industry but now common in other applications as well.( Camcorders & Webcams)

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• Toy cameras are simple, inexpensive film box cameras made almost entirely out of plastic, often including the lens.

• these cameras are actually capable of taking photographs

• Many were made to be given away as novelties or prizes.

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• movie camera is a type of photographic camera

• which takes a rapid sequence of photographs on strips of film.

• In contrast to a still camera, which captures a single snapshot at a time

• the movie camera takes a series of images, each called a "frame

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• Photographic film is a sheet of plastic (polyester…………)

• coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive silver halide salts (bonded by…..)

• with variable crystal sizes that determine the sensitivity, contrast and resolution of the film.

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Common sizes of film• Film format 135 (popularly known as "35 mm")

• APS (Advanced Photo System)

• 110,126,127

• 120/220 (for use in medium format photography)

• Sheet film (for use in large format photography)

• Disc film Obsolete format used in disc system cameras

• Motion picture films: 8 mm, 16 mm, 35 mm and 70 mm

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There are 2 Primary Types of photographic film:

• Print film, when developed, turns into a negative with the colors…. – (or black and white values, in black and white film)

inverted.

• Color reversal film after development is called a transparency and can be viewed directly using projector. – Reversal film mounted with plastic or cardboard for

projection is often called a slide. It is also often marketed as "slide" film

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• Print Film for common 35mm cameras comes in long narrow strips of chemical coated plastic.

• Reversal film is a still, positive image created on a transparent base using photochemical means.

• The terms slide and transparency are also used

A single slide, showing a color transparency in a plastic frame

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STORAGE

• Most cameras utilize some form of removable storage to store data.

• flash memory (CompactFlash, SD,….)

• Microdrives (very small hard disk drives)

• CD single (185 MB)

• 3.5" floppy disks.

• JPEG is the most common method of compressing image data.

(TIFF and RAW.)

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acc1

Accessories really important to complete your photo shoot experience. Once you have a camera, you need an accessories to help you to get the best photo shoot. There are many accessories provides by the manufacturer nowadays. These are some example of them.

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Lens

Lens help you to get the great zoom depending on their types and specifications.

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Tripods

Tripods are a serious purchase. They provide so many benefits: they eliminate unsightly shake and are highly recommended when it comes to nature and scenic photography. Choosing one is no simple task, however.

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Memory card

Your digital camera memory card is easily the most crucial camera accessory. Without it, you can store very few pictures or none at all. If you have a high-megapixel camera, you also need a high-capacity, high-speed memory card.

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acc5

Flash and Lighting

Waterproof Case

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acc6

AC/DC Adaptor Remote Switch

Wireless Remote Zoom Remote

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Hand Strap Handling Bag

Photo Printer Photo Editing Software

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Teknik Bergambar

Introduction

Process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or electronic sensors.

The word "photography" comes from the Greek words phos ("light"), and graphis ("stylus", "paintbrush") or graphê ("representation by means of lines" or "drawing"), together meaning "drawing with light." Traditionally, the product of photography has been called a photograph, commonly shortened to photo.

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Photography Techniques

Still Life Photography

What You'll Need:

CameraBlack-and-white or color filmInteresting objects (for the still life arrangement)

Step 1: Look for some interesting objects and arrange them on a table. Step 2: Take a picture of your still life arrangement.

Try using different kinds of light such as natural light, spotlight, or colored light when taking your photos. Take pictures from different angles as well.

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Composing Our Picture

We should compose each picture so that its parts work together to create a work of beauty.

Don't just point and shoot. Take a little time to compose each picture into the masterpiece.

We can applied this by:

•Shooting vertical or horizontal•Choosing a main point of interest (POI)•Adjusting angle of view•Placing the subject of center •Using leading lines •Avoiding destructing background

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Choosing a main point of interest (POI)

Eliminate all unimportant elements by moving closer, zooming in, or choosing a different shooting angle.

Zooming-in

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Using “Rule Of Third”

The basic principle behind the rule of thirds is to imagine breaking an image down into thirds (both horizontally and vertically) so that you have 9 parts. As follows:

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The basic principle behind the rule of thirds is to imagine breaking an image down into thirds (both horizontally and vertically)

With this grid in mind the ‘rule of thirds’ now identifies four important parts of the image that you should consider placing points of interest in as you frame your image

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FinPlacing points of interest in the intersections or along the lines that the photo becomes more balanced and will enable a viewer of the image to interact with it more naturally.

Continued..

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Studies have shown that when viewing images that people’s eyes usually go to one of the intersection points most naturally rather than the center of the shot - using the rule of thirds works with this natural way of viewing an image rather than working against it.

EX

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Exercise

•What are the points of interest in this shot?•Where am I intentionally placing them?

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Shooting vertical or horizontal

When a camera is held normally, the longer side of the photo will be horizontal. Photos in the horizontal (or landscape) format are quite natural. But if the subject is a person, turning the camera vertically often produces the best picture.

Horizontal (landscape) format is more appropriate for scenery,

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Vertical

The depth and flow of water is often best depicted in the vertical (or portrait) format.

Horizontal

Using horizontal formats can give an expansive feel to a photograph

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Indoor Photography

Shutter speed.

Photographers can make a moving object appear static in the photo, or intentionally make it blurred by adjusting the shutter speed.

1/500 1/250 1/125

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1/60 1/30 1/15

At 1/125, the bicycle rider is quite blurred, and the blurring increases as the shutter speed gets slower, down to 1/60, 1/30 and 1/15 second.

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1 1/10 1/60 1/500

Changing the shutter speed gives the photos these different impressions

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Focus-Lock

Photographs with the subject right in the center are not very interesting.

"Focus lock" is the technique of focusing on the subject in the center of the frame, then pressing the shutter button half-way to "lock" the focus on the subject.

With the focus locked, you can now move the camera so the main subject is not in the center of the picture but is still in focus

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Using Flash

The primary purpose of a flash is to enable to take a photo when there is insufficient light.

A flash built into a compact camera or a similar camera has a small amount of light, and the light cannot reach a distant object.

With flash Without flash

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Exposure

To take a photo properly, you need to expose the film or the sensor to the proper amount of light.

This amount of light is called the correct exposure

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Type of Aperture

Type of Shutter

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Automatic Exposure (AE)

Portrait

Landscape -it automatically selects a combination with as large an aperture as possible. 

Sports mode, the camera selects a combination with as fast a shutter speed as possible.

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Be Aware of the Background

When taking pictures of people, must be careful about the background.

A post or tree growing out of the subject's head, or a busy background is unsightly and can ruin an otherwise good photograph.

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Suntingan Gambar

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Photo editing is a process of changing or repairing the image after the picture is taken. Usually digital images is easier to be edit and modify rather than analog.

Images editing involves many process and procedures. Basic process in editing images include adjusting pictures colors, changing the image and adding some effects.

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Penyelarasan Warna Gambar

a. Adjusting Colors Picture taken in cloudy condition or not enoughlighting exposure may look faded and dark.With “adjustments-color balance” function, the colors can be adjust to suitable appearance.

b. Colors BrightnessIf the picture seem to be dark and almost no lighting appearance, “brightness-contrast” Function can help to make the picture clearer and brighter.

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Penyelarasan Warna Gambar 2

c. Remove ColorsUsually colorful pictures will be transform intoblack and white picture. It can make the picture more attractive and catchy in certain condition rather than color picture. (grayscale)

d. Change ColorsColor pictures also can be transform into others color which interested and it is different than grayscale. Here the colors are not remove butit’s change using “photo filter” function.(sepia)

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Penyelarasan Warna Gambar 3

e. Negative Film EffectThis effect can transform picture into reverse color picture just like negative film. It can help to perform a different and various effect forpresentation.(Invert)

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Photoshop

Adjustment colors

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Contoh Gambar

ORIGINALCOLOUR BALANCEBRIGHTNESS AND CONTRASTSEPHIABLACK AND WHITENEGATIVE

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Perubahan Imej

a. CroppingCertain part of the picture which didn't

neededcan be remove or cut and just take the

part you only need. It also help to reduce the

size of the picture which is very large.

b. Rotate ImageAfter cropping the image, the image can

be rotate and change for better angle view whether to make it landscape or portrait position.

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Perubahan Imej 2

c. Adjust AngleSometimes picture that have been taken look slanting or not level cause by error during holding the camera or standing position. This condition can be repair by adjusting the angle of picture.

d. Remove The BackgroundThe background can be remove or separate from the picture. The scope of background want to remove can be choose then it can be replace with other background.

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Photoshop 2

Adjustment picture angle

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Contoh Gambar 2

ORIGINALCROPFLIPCROP AND PASTE

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Kesan Khas

a. Background FocusThe background view can be change the colors, brightness and lighting effect. Background which is too bright can be adjust to be darker, blur, soft and adding some shadow.

b. Change FocusMain fokus can be point out to be the focus point by adding some motion effect. Motion effect is made by adjusting the background by filtering.

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Kesan Khas 2

c. Sharping PictureWhen croping a picture and then enlarge the size of the picture, it will make the picture blur. To make it clear again, you can adjust it by sharpen the picture.

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Photoshop 3

Effects

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Contoh Gambar 3

ORIGINALADJUST COLOURMOTION (ZOOM)MOTION (SPIN)CROPSHARPEN

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Photoshop 4

Photo Filters

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Photoshop 5

Variations Picture

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Contoh Gambar 4

CUTOUTWATER COLORINK OUTLINEGLOWGRAPHIC PENCHALK AND CHARCOAL

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Perisian

1.Adobe Photoshop

2.Corel Photo Paint

3.PhotoRetouch Pro

4.Ulead Photo Impact

5.Jasc Paint Shop

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Tamat