modul kimia two 2014/2015

MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 2: Carbon Compound

Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia

MODUL KIMIA SPM 2014/2015 KERTAS 2

[100 markah]

KELAS INTENSIF

Sekolah Kluster Kecemerlangan

Kimia A+

Written by: Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh

M.Sc. Ed USM

BSc (hons) Ed (Chemistry) USM

GURU CEMERLANG KIMIA

MODUL 2 TINGKATAN 5

CHAPTER 2: CARBON COMPOUND

SEBATIAN KARBON



CHAPTER 2: CARBON COMPOUNDS

SEBATIAN KARBON

A UNDERSTANDING CARBON COMPOUND Activity 1

Carbon is located in group ………………... . A carbon atom contain …….. electrons, therefore the electronic configuration is …………….. Karbon terletak dalam kumpulan ..................... . Atom karbon mengandungi ........ elektron, oleh itu

konfigurasi elektronik ialah.................

It has ………… valance electrons in the outermost orbital. Atom karbon mempunyai ............ elektron valens di orbit terluar.

In order to achieve a stable outer octet of electrons, it forms four …………….. bonds. Untuk mencapai oktet terluar untuk stabil elektron, ia membentuk empat ikatan ..................

Each carbon atom is tied to other atoms through four covalent bonds. All the four covalent bonds may exist in three forms as shown below: Setiap atom karbon terikat kepada atom lain melalui empat ikatan kovalen. Semua empat ikatan kovalen boleh

wujud dalam tiga bentuk seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah:

Possesses just single bond Ikatan tunggal

Possesses a double bond Ikatan ganda dua

Possesses a triple bond Ikatan ganda tiga

Carbon compounds can be divided to:

a) Organic carbon compounds b) Inorganic carbon compounds

Carbon compound Sebatian karbon

Organic / Organik

Found in, produced by, or derived from living elements. Dijumpai dalam, yang dihasilkan oleh, atau

diperolehi dari unsur-unsur hidup.

Example:

Inorganic / Tak organik

Not originate from living elements Tidak berasal dari unsur-unsur yang hidup

Example:



Activity 2: Hydrocarbon / Hidrokarbon

Hydrocarbon is a compound made out of the elements ……………… and ……………… only. Hidrokarbon adalah sebatian yang dijumpai daripada unsur-unsur ………………. dan

………………..sahaja.

Examples of hydrocarbon are …………….., …………………and ……………………. Contoh-contoh hidrokarbon adalah

Hydrocarbon can be divided into two groups/ Hidrokarbon boleh dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan:

Hydrocarbon Meaning / Maksud Examples:

Hydrocarbons where all its carbon atoms are tied to each other through single covalent bond only Hidrokarbon ialah semua atom

karbon yang terikat antara satu

sama lain melalui ikatan kovalen

tunggal sahaja

Hydrocarbons which contains at least one double covalent bond among its carbon atoms Hidrokarbon yang mengandungi

sekurang-kurangnya satu ikatan

kovalen ganda dua antara atom

karbon.

Comparing Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Bandingkan hidrokarbon tepu dan hidrokarbon tak tepu

Saturated Hydrocarbon Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

Combustion / pembakaran

Reaction with bromine water Tindak balas dengan air bromin

Reaction with potassium anganite(VII) solution Tindak balas dengan larutan kalium

manganat (VII)

Sources of Hydrocarbon/Sumber-sumber hidrokarbon:

The main sources of hydrocarbons are Sumber-sumber utama hidrokarbon adalah

a) …………………………………. b) …………………………………. c) ………………………………….



B ALKANES / ALKANA Activity 3 (a) Complete the table below:

Number of

Carbon

Structural formula Molecular formula Name of alkane

Condition at room temperature

1

CH4

Methane

Gas

2

3

4

5

6

7

C7H16

8

C8H18

9

10



b. Explain why on going down the alkane series, the melting and boiling point increase? Terangkan apabila siri alkana menurun, lebur dan takat didih meningkat?

On going down the alkanes series, the ………………………………..increases caused by the

increase in molecular size.

Apabila siri alkana menurun,…………………………………………disebabkan oleh peningkatan dalam saiz

molekul.

When the molecular size increases, the melting and boiling point……………... This is because

the larger the molecular size, the stronger the ……………………….. forces of attraction between

the molecules. Thus more energy is needed to …………………. the forces of attraction during

melting or boiling.

Apabila saiz molekul meningkat, peleburan dan takat didih ……………………. Hal ini kerana saiz molekul

lebih besar, semakin kuat ………………….. daya tarikan antara molekul. Oleh itu lebih banyak tenaga

diperlukan untuk mengatasi ………………. semasa takat lebur atau takat didih.

[3 marks]

c. Explain why alkanes are non-conductors of electricity. Terangkan mengapa alkana adalah bukan konduktor-elektrik.

Alkanes are covalent compounds made up of …………………………. Alkana adalah sebatian kovalen terdiri daripada ………………………..

They don’t have ……… .. moving ions. Hence alkanes are non-conductors of electricity.

Ion tidak mempunyai pergerakan ………………... Oleh itu, alkana adalah bukan konduktor-elektrik.

[2 marks]

d Ethane and propene burn in excess of oxygen gas. Balance the chemical equation of the combustion of these hydrocarbons.

Etana dan propena membakar melebihi gas oksigen. Imbangkan persamaan kimia bagi pembakaran

hidrokarbon ini.

(i) C2H6 (g) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + H2O (l) (ii) C3H8 (g) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 4H2O (l)

[2 marks]



Activity 4 a) Name the compound a, b, c, d, e, and f.

b) State the uses of methane in everyday life/Nyatakan kegunaan metana dalam kehidupan seharian i ……………………………………………………………………………………..

ii …………………………………………………………………………………….

iii ……………………………………………………………………………………..

iv ……………………………………………………………………………………..

c) Explain how methane can cause fire in landfills and peat swamps

Terangkan bagaimana metana boleh menyebabkan kebakaran di tapak pelupusan dan paya gambut

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………….……..

[2 marks]

Methane (a) (b)

Substitution reaction (chlorination)

tindak balas penggantian

(pengklorinan)

Excess chlorine Sunlight or heat

klorin berlebihan

Cahaya matahari atau haba

(c) (d) (e) (f)

Complete combustion with excess O2

pembakaran lengkap

dengan lebihan O2

Incomplete

Combustion (limited O2)

Pembakaran tidak

lengkap

(O2 terhad)



C ALKENES/ALKENA Activity 5 (a) Complete the table below:

Number of Carbon

Structural formula Molecular formula

Name of alkane

Condition at room temperature

2

3

4

5

6

7

C7H14

8

9

10



Activity 6

(a) Give name for each alkene compounds below Namakan bagi setiap sebatian alkena bawah

(b) Construct the structural formula for/ Bina formula struktur bagi:

(i) C5H10 (iv) 2-methylbut-2-ene

(ii) 2-chlorolpropene (v) 3-methylbutene

(iii) pent-2-ene (vi) hex-1, 3-diene

CH3

Cl

CH3

Cl

= H

CH3

=

CH3



Activity 7

Write the molecular formula or structural formula of the product for every reaction of propene below Tuliskan formula molekul atau formula struktur hasil bagi setiap tindak balas propena bawah

Activity 8

(a) Table below shows the reactions to compare the chemical properties of alkane and alkene. Complete the table. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas untuk perbandingkan sifat-sifat kimia alkana dan alkena.

Lengkapkan jadual ini

Reaction/Tindak balas Observation/Pemerhatian

Hexane Hexene

Reaction with oxygen Tindak balas oksigen

Hexane burns with a yellow sooty flame terbakar dengan api kuning hitam

Reaction with bromine Water Tindak balas air bromin

No visible change Tiada perubahan

Reaction with acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution Tindak balas dengan larutan kalium manganat (VII) berasid

No visible change Tiada perubahan

Propene

Pronena

limited O2 heat

excess O2, heat

b) a)

c)

Addition polymerization

H2O(g) 300 C,60 atm, H3PO4

d)

HCl (g)

e)

Cl2(aq)

f)

H2 / Ni .180o C

g)

acidified KMnO4 (aq)

h)



(b) Calculate the percentage of carbon in

[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; C, 12]

(i) hexane

(ii) hexene

Which compound can be a good fuel? Explain. Yang manakah sebatian boleh menjadi bahan api yang baik? Terangkan.

(c) List down 4 similar physical properties of alkane and alkene.

Senaraikan 4 ciri-ciri fizikal yang serupa antara alkana dengan alken.

(i) ………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) ……………………………………………………………………………………

(iv) ……………………………………………………………………………………

(d) Compare the chemical properties of alkene with alkane Bandingkan sifat kimia alkena dengan alkane

Alkene Alkena

Aspect/ aspek Alkane Alkane

Sootiness of flame Kejelagaan nyalaan

Bromine water Air bromin

Acidified KMnO4

Keasidan KMnO4



D ISOMERS Activity 9 a) Draw the structural formula and give name to all isomers of Lukiskan formula struktur dan namakan semua isomer

(i) C4H8

(ii) C4H10

(iii) C5 H12

E ALCOHOLS/ Alkohol Activity 10

The general formula for alcohol is ………………………………. Formula am bagi alkohol adalah

(a) Complete the table below.

i) Name :

ii) Name:

iii) Name:



iv) structural formula Name : Propan-2-ol

v) structural formula Name : Butan-1-ol

vi) structural formula Name : Pentan-2,3-diol

(b) Draw the structural formula and give names to all isomers of Lukiskan formula struktur dan namakan semua isomer

(i) propanol (C3H7OH)

(ii) butanol (C4H9OH)

Activity 11 (a) Summarize the physical properties of ethanol in the table below Ringkasan bagi sifat fizikal etanol dalam jadual di bawah

Physical properties Description/keterangan

Physical state at room temperature Keadaan fizikal pada suhu bilik

Smell and colour/ bau dan warna

Solubility in water/kelarutan dalam air

Volatility/ kemeruapan

Boiling point/ takat didih



(b) Ethanol can be prepared in two ways, Fermentation and Hydration. Etanol boleh disediakan dalam dua cara, Penapaian dan Penghidratan.

In fermentation process/ Dalam proses penapaian,

(i) What is the function of yeast? Apakah fungsi yis?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Write the chemical equation to show the fermentation process. Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk menunjukkan proses penapaian.

…………………………………………………………………………… (iii) State the temperature, catalyst and other condition needed for fermentation process.

Nyatakan suhu, pemangkin dan keadaan lain yang diperlukan untuk proses penapaian.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

(iv) State the disadvantages of this process/Nyatakan keburukan proses ini.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) Hydration process involves hydration of ethene. Ethene is obtained from the cracking of petroleum fractions. Proses penghidratan melibatkan penghidratan etena. Etena diperolehi daripada keretakan pecahan

petroleum.

(i) Write the chemical equation for hydration process. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi proses penghidratan.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

(ii) State the temperature, pressure and catalyst needed for hydration process. Nyatakan suhu, tekanan dan pemangkin yang diperlukan untuk proses penghidratan

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………



Activity 12 a) Complete the table below

1 The Products of Combustion of ethanol Hasil pembakaran etanol

In excess oxygen / Dalam oksigen berlebihan:

In limited oxygen / Dalam oksigen terhad:

2 The products of Oxidation reaction of alcohol with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution or acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution

Hasil tindak balas pengoksidaan alkohol dengan kalium dikromat berasid (VI) atau larutan kalium

manganat (VII)berasid

Oxidation of ethanol/Pengoksidaan etanol

Oxidation of propanol/ Pengoksidaan propanol

3 Dehydration of alcohol/Penyahhidratan alkohol.

Draw and label the set of apparatus to show the dehydration process of propanol. Lukis dan labelkan set radas untuk menunjukkan proses penyahhidratan propanol



F CARBOXYLIC ACIDS/ ASID KARBORSILIK

Activity 13 (a) Complete the diagram below. (b) Draw the structural formula of / Lukiskan formula struktur

Methanoic acid

Ethanoic acid

Propanoic acid Butanoic acid

2-methylbutanoic acid

2-methyl propanoic acid

Functional group/ kumpulan

fungsi:

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Uses/kegunaan:

a ………………………………

b ………………………………

c ………………………………

d ……………………………..

names end with/ berakhir dengan

‘……………..’ . Eg. ethanoic acid.

Physical properties/ sifat fizikal

a …………………………………………..

b …………………………………………..

c ……………………………………………

d …………………………………………..

e …………………………………………..

General formula:



(c) A carboxylic acid, X has an empirical formula CH2O. Experimental determination shows that it has a molar mass of about 59 g mol-1 Asid karboksilik, X mempunyai formula empirikal CH2O. Eksperimen menunjukkan bahawa jisim molar

ialah 59 g mol-1

.

(i) What is the general formula of carboxylic acid? Apakah formula am asid karboksilik?

(ii) Determine the molecular formula of X Tentukan formula molekul X

[Relative atomic mass: H=1; C=12; O=16]

(iii) Draw the structural formula of X and give name.

Lukiskan formula struktur X dan namakan.

Activity 14 a) Figure shows a series of conversion starting from ethene to ethyl ethanoate.

Rajah menunjukkan satu siri penukaran bermula dari etena kepada etil ethanoate.

Based on the figure above, state Berdasarkan rajah di atas, nyatakan

Reaction I :………………………………………………………

Reaction II :………………………………………………………

b) Draw the set up of apparatus to prepare ethanoic acid in laboratory Write the chemical reaction that involve.

Lukiskan susunan radas untuk menyediakan asid etanoik di dalam makmal

Tulis tindak balas kimia yang melibatkan.

I Ethene Ethanol Ethanoic acid II



c) Write the observation of every test for ethanoic acid below. Tulis pemerhatian bagi setiap ujian asid etanoik di bawah.

Test/Uji Observation/Pemerhatian Inference/ inferens

1 a. Ethanoic acid + metal carbonate Asid etanoik + logam karbonat

b. Gas released + lime water Gas dibebaskan + air kapur

2 a. Ethanoic acid + magnesium Asid etanoik + magnesium

b. Gas given off + lighted splinter Gas yang dikeluarkan +

serpihan menyala

3 Ethanoic acid + copper (II)oxide Asid etanoik + kuprum (II) oksida

4 Glacial ethanoic acid + ethanol + concentrated sulphuric acid + heat Asid etanoik + etanol + asid sulfurik pekat +

haba

Then the boiling contents are poured into a beaker half filled with water. Kemudian kandungan mendidih dituang ke

dalam bikar yang separuh berisi air.

.

G ESTER Activity 15 (a) Name the following esters and give the alcohols and carboxylic acids required to synthesise

the esters name. Namakan ester berikut dan berikan alkohol dan asid karboksilik yang diperlukan untuk mensintesiskan

nama ester.

Formula Name Carboxylic acid Alcohol

Example :HCOOC2H5

Ethyl methanoate Methanoic acid Ethanol

a) CH3 COOCH3

b) CH3 COOC3H7

c) C2H5 COOCH3



b) Draw the structural formula for the compound form in the reaction between alchol and carboxylic acid below.

Lukiskan formula struktur bagi bentuk sebatian dalam tindak balas antara alkohol dan asid karboksilik

di bawah.

(i) methanol and propanoic acid

(ii) ethanol + butanoic acid

(iii) propan-1-ol + ethanoic acid



Activity 16 (a) Complete the diagram below

b) Write the fruit flavour for each of the ester below/Tulis rasa buah-buahan bagi setiap ester di bawah

(i) n-pentyl ethanoate : ………………………….

(ii) Octyl ethanoate : ………………………….

(iii) Ethyl butanoate : ………………………….

ESTERS

Ester is a ………………….. organic compound

contain ………………, ………………… and …………………………….

The general formula is ……………………………

the functional group is –COO- or ……………. group

the name of an ester consists of two words. The first word originates from……………., the second is from the …………………….. All of them end with ‘ ………..’

Product of an …………. reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

The ……………of flowers and fruits is due to the presence of esters

uses of ester/kegunaan ester,

a) …………………………..

b) …………………………..

c) ……………………………

d) ……………………………

Physical properties/sifat fizik

1………………………………

2……………………………….

3……………………………….

4……………………….

5……………………………….



Order in homologous series/ Order dalam siri homolog

Activity 17

a) Name the homologous series for/Namakan siri homolog bagi

(i) Butan-1-ol : …………………………………..

(ii) Compound P : ………………………………….

(iii) Compound R : …………………………………

(iv) Compound S : ………………………………..

b) Write the molecular formula of / Tuliskan formula molekul

(i) compound P : …………………………………..

(ii) compound Q : ……………………………………

(iii) compound R : …………………………………..

(iv) compound S : …………………………………….

Compound R Sebatian R

ethanol

Compound S Sebatian S

IV

Butan-1-ol C4H9OH Compound P

Sebatian P

Porcelain chips

Serpihan perselin

II

III

Hydrogen

chloride

Compound Q

Sebatian Q

I Acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution



H FATS/LEMAK

Activity 18 Compare fats and oils/ Perbandingan lemak dengan minyak

Comparison/bandingan Oils/minyak Fats/lemak

Source/ sumber

Melting point/ takat lebur o C < 20 / lower > 20 / higher

Physical state at room temperature Keadaan fizik pada suhu bilik

Cholesterol content kandungan

kolesterol

Examples Contoh

Peanut oil, soybean oil

Minyak kacang tanah, minyak

kacang soya

Butter Mentega

Molecular structure struktur molekul

(III) Write the Similarities of fats and oils/ Tuliskan persamaan lemak dengan minyak

In terms of/ dalam bentuk Similarities/persamaan

Molecular formula Formula molekul

Type of compound Jenis sebatian

Type of bond Jenis ikatan

.



Activity 19 a) Complete the flow chart below to show the Extraction Process of Palm Oil. Lengkapkan carta aliran di bawah untuk menunjukkan proses pengekstrakan minyak sawit.

b) State 5 benefits of palm oil compared to other vegetable oils Nyatakan 5 manfaat minyak sawit berbanding dengan minyak sayuran lain

i) ………………………………………………………………….

ii) ……………………………………………………………………

iii) …………………………………………………………………..

iv) ………………………………………………………………….

v) ………………………………………………………………….

Oil palm fruit bunches Tandan buah kelapa sawit

Sterilization Pengsterilan

Stripping Penanggalan

Digestion Penghadaman

Pressing Penekanan

Purification Penurunan



I NATURAL RUBBER/ GETAH ASLI

Activity 20

a) Give explanation for every situation below/Berikan penerangan bagi setiap keadaan di bawah:

i) Latex coagulate slowly when it is exposed to the air. Latex membeku perlahan-lahan apabila terdedah kepada udara.

ii) When 20 cm3 latex is added with 5 cm3 methanoic acid, latex coagulate rapidly. Apabila 20 cm

3 getah ditambah dengan 5 cm

3 asid metanoik, getah membeku dengan cepat.

iii) When 5 cm3 ammonia solution is added to latex, latex does not coagulate. Apabila 5 cm

3 larutan ammonia ditambah kepada susu getah, getah tidak membeku.

b) Compare the unvulcanised and vulcanised rubber in the table below. Bandingkan getah tak tervulkan dengan getah tervulkan dalam jadual di bawah.

Aspect Aspek

Unvulcanised rubber Getah tak tervulkan

Vulcanised rubber Getah tervulkan

Structure Struktur

Oxidation Pengoksidaan

Resistance of heat Ketahanan terhadap haba

Strength Kekuatan

Elasticity Kekenyalan



BAHAGIAN A

SPM 2012 Diagram shows the structural formulae of compound M and compound N. Both compound M and compound N are isomers of a carbon compound. Rajah menunjukkan formula struktur bagi sebatian M dan sebatian N. Kedua-dua sebatian M dan sebatian N

adalah isomer satu sebatian karbon.

Diagram

Rajah (a) (i) State the meaning of isomer. Nyatakan maksud isomer.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

[1 mark] (ii) Write the molecular formula for the carbon compound in Diagram. Tulis formula molekul bagi sebatian karbon dalam Rajah.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(iii) State the names of compound M and compound N using IUPAC nomenclature. Nyatakan nama sebatian M dan sebatian N dengan menggunakan penamaan IUPAC.

Compound M :…………………………………………………………………………………..

Sebatian M

Compound N : …………………………………………………………………………………… Sebatian N

[2 marks] (iv) Draw the structural formula for another isomer of the carbon compound. Lukis formula struktur untuk satu lagi isomer bagi sebatian karbon itu.

[1 mark]

H H H H H H H H

H C = C C C H H C C = C C H

H H H H Compound M Compound N Sebatian M Sebatian N



(b) An alcohol can be prepared from compound M. Satu alkohol boleh disediakan daripada sebatian M.

(i) What is the general formula of alcohols? Apakah formula am bagi alkohol?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(ii) State the name of the process for the conversion of compound M to the alcohol. Nyatakan nama proses penukaran bagi sebatian M kepada alkohol itu.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark] (iii) State two of the conditions used in the conversion. Nyatakan dua keadaan yang digunakan dalam penukaran itu.

1…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

2…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]



BAHAGIAN B

SPM 2009 Table shows some information about three members of homologous series. Jadual menunjukkan beberapa maklumat mengenai tiga ahli satu siri homolog.

Member of homologous

Ahli bagi siri homolog

Boiling point (o

C)

Takat didih (oC)

Preparation

Penyediaan

Oxidation product

Hasil pengoksidaan

Ethanol

Etanol

78

C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH

Ethanoic acid

Asid etanoik

Propanol

Propanol

97

C3H6 + H2O C3H7OH

Propanoic acid

Asid propanoik

Butanol

Butanol

118

C4H8 + H2O C4H9OH

Butanoic acid

Asid butanoik

Table Jadual

Based on Table, state and explain five characteristics of a homologous series. Berdasarkan Jadual 7, nyatakan dan terangkan lima ciri siri homolog.

[10 marks] (b) The following information is about an organic compound X. Maklumat berikut adalah mengenai suatu sebatian organik X.

Empirical formula is CH2O Formula empiric ialah CH2O

Relative molecular mass is 60 Jisim molekul relatif ialah 60

Reacts with calcium carbonate to produce a type of gas that turns lime water chalky Bertindak balas dengan kalsium karbonat untuk menghasilkan sejenis gas yang mengeruhkan air kapur.

Based on the information given: Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi:

(i) Determine the molecular formula of X. (Relative atomic mass: C =12, H =1, O = 16) Tentukan formula molekul X.

(Jisim atom relatif: C =12, H = 1, O = 16)

[2 marks] (ii) State the name of the homologous series for X and explain your answer. Nyatakan nama siri homolog bagi X dan terangkan jawapan anda.

[2 marks] (iii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of compound X with calcium carbonate. Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang untuk tindak balas sebatian X dengan kalsium karbonat.

[2 marks]



(c) Diagram shows the structural formulae of hydrocarbon of compound P and Q. Rajah menunjukkan formula struktur bagi sebatian hifrokarbon P dan Q.

Compound P Compound Q Sebatian p Sebatian Q

Diagram Rajah

Compare and contrast these two hydrocarbons based on their structures. Banding dan bezakan kedua-dua hidrokarbon ini berdasarkan strukturnya.

[4 marks]

H H

H C = C H

H H

H C C H

H H



BAHAGIAN C

SPM 2013 Diagram shows the conversion of an organic compound from one homologous series to another. Rajah

Rajah menunjukkan penukaran sebatian organik daripada satu siri homolog kepada yang lain. Hydration Oxidation Penghidratan Pengoksidaan

Diagram Rajah (a) The possible relative molecular masess of alkene Q are 28, 42 or 56. By choosing any one of the relative molecular masses,

determine the molecular formula for the alkene

draw the structural formula and state the name of the alkene. [Relative atomic mass: H = 1; C = 12] [4 marks]

Jisim molekul relatif yang mungkin bagi alkena Q adalah 28, 42 atau 56.

Dengan memilih salah satu daripada jisim molekul relative itu,

tentukan formula molekul bagi alkena itu

lukiskan formula struktur dan nyatakan nama bagi alkena itu.

[Jisim atom relative: H =1; C =12]

(b) Based on Diagram and answer that obtained from (a),

draw the structural formulae and state the names of compound W and compound X

write the chemical equation to show the conversion of compound W to compound X. [6marks]

Berdasarkan Rajah dan jawapan yang diperoleh dari (a),

lukiskan formula struktur dan nyatakan nama sebatian W dan sebatian X

tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk menunjukkan penukaran sebatian W kepada sebatian X.

(c) By using compound W and compound X that obtained in (b), describe hoe ester A can prepared in the laboratory. In your description, include:

List of materials and apparatus

Procedure

Observation

Chemical equation

Name of ester Dengan menggunakan sebatian W dan sebatian X yang diperoleh di (b), huraikan

bagaimana ester A boleh disediakan di makmal.Dalam huraian anda,sertakan:

Senarai bahan dan radas

Prosedur

Pemerhatian

Persamaan kimia

Nama bagi ester A [10 markah]

Alkene Q Alkena Q

Compound X Sebatian X

Compound W Sebatian W

Ester A Ester A

modul kimia two 2014/2015

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