mobile computing - keynote speech

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Mahamod Ismail

[email protected], [email protected] Dec. 2012, Mine Wellness Seri KembanganSelangor

Mobile Computing- Challenges and the Way

Forward

2012 IACSIT MALAYSIA CONFERENCES

Mines Wellness Kuala Lumpur Malaysia


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Presentation Outline

IntroductionComputing Technologies

Challenges

Case Study Advanced ComputingEnvironment to Enhance InnovativeDigital Economy (ACE2EIDE)

The Way Forward

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Introduction


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Introduction


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Introduction

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Introduction

Wireless Computing, Nomadic Computing, Mobile Computing, Ubiquitous/Pervasive Computing, Invisible Computing

Source: Senthivel 2011

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Introduction

Source: Senthivel 2011

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Introduction

1995-2005

Internet ComputingEnvironment

Computers connected tothe Internet.

1950-1980Centralized ComputingEnvironmentSeveral terminals

connected to the

mainframe

1980-1995Client-serverEnvironmentSeveral PCs connected to a

server through Local Area

Network (LAN)

Internet

LAN

mainframe

terminals

server

computer

computer

1st Wave 2nd

Wave 3rd Wave

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Computing Environment


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Introduction

2005-2012

Pervasive/UbiquitousComputing Environment

Computers and mobile devicesare connected to the Internetthrough a wireless

communication

2012-

Ensemble ComputingEnvironment

Computers and mobile devices

are connected to the Internet and

can also build an ad hoc networkbetween them

InternetInternet

computer

computer

Mobile device

Mobile device

computer

Wirelessnetwork

server

videoca

m

computer

sensors

4th

Wave 5th

Wave

Wireless

network

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Computing Environment


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Introduction

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What is Mobile Computing?

getting more

mobile

becoming more like a11


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Why Mobile Computing?

People are mobile

Devices are mobile

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What is Mobility?

A person who moves

between different geographical locations

between different networks

between different communication devices between different applications

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What is Mobility?

Mobile computing is about both physical and

logical computing entities that move

Physical entities

computers change locations

Logical entities

a running user application or a mobile agent migrating

over internet

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Enable the business initiatives by supporting mobility of Customers, Suppliers and Businesses, Employees

Mobile computing applications

Wireless messaging (e.g., SMS)

Mobile ecommerce (M-Commerce) and its variants Positional commerce (p-commerce) . Voice commerce (v-commerce). Television commerce (T-Commerce)

Mobile ebusiness applications (MEBAs), e.g., M-CRM,

M-portal Specialized applications

Location sensitive apps, Wireless sensor network apps, Mobileagent apps

Two views: Mobile applications are fundamentally new

Mobile Computing Application

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Nomadic computing

refers to limited migration

migration is within a building at a pedestrian

speed

interleaved pattern of user relocation and indoor

connections

users carrying laptop with wireless access are

engaged in nomadic computing

Computing Technology

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Nomadicity is defined as the tendency of a person, or group of

people, to move with relative frequency.

Nomadic Computing

refers to mobile users who need access to e-mail,

company data and the Internet at all times no

matter where they are in the world at any given

moment.

also termed: as Wireless Networking, MobileComputing, Mobile Enterprise, Portable Computing

'technomads - people using such a system

'nomadicity - people ability to use that system17


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Mobile computing

requires wireless h/w to support outdoor mobility

and handoff from one h/w to the next at a

pedestrian or vehicular speed

traveler in car using laptop / smart phone / mobile

device connected with a GSM/WCDMA/HSPA

phone engaged in mobile computing

Ubiquitous computing or pervasive computing

refers to access to computer network all the time

at any location by any person

can not be realized unless mobile computing

matures


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Ubiquitous Computing Ubicomp Notions

Computing capabilities, any time, any place

Invisible resources

Machines sense users presence and act

accordingly

Components of ubiquitous communications

Service discovery discover devices

Service mobility configuration information moves

to new devices

Event notification for context awareness

Context-awareness location, user actions,

location properties, 19


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Ubiquitous Computing

Ubiquitous computingis the method ofenhancing

computer use by making many computers

availablethroughout the physical environment, but

making them

effectively invisible to the user

Mark Weiser

Pervasive Computingis the ability to accessinformation and software applications anytime

and anywhere.20


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Transparent Interfaces Hide their presence from user

Provide interaction between user and application

Examples:

Gesture recognition

Speech recognition

Free form pen interaction

Computational perception etc.

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Context awareness Context information about the environment with

which the application is associated.

Provide interaction between user and application

Context aware application: Location and Time

Is one which can capture the context

Assign meaning to it

Change behaviour accordingly

Applications that are context aware allow rapid

personalization of their services

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Automated Capture To capture our day-to-day experience and make it

available for future use.

Constraints

Multiple streams of information

Their time synchronization

Their correlation and integration

Need: Automated tools that support capture,

integration and future access of info.

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What make this possible?

Processing cheaper, faster, smaller, more energy efficient

Storage big and fast

Networking global, local, ad-hoc, low-power, high bandwidth, low latencies

Displays projection, flexible materials, power consumption

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Nomadic, Mobile & Ubiquitous

No

Network

Mobile ComputingNomadicComputing

Wireless

Network

(B)

Fixed

Network

Wireless

Network

(A)

Fixed

Wireless

Network


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28 http://www.csd.cs.cmu.edu/research/areas/mopercomp/


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Ensemble Computing

Device Ensembles Coordinated collections of computers, which include

both mobile and infrastructure components, DeviceEnsembles [3]

Ensemble Computing The techniques for programming and

orchestrating their applications,

Want et

al. 201029


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Challenges

MobileComputing

UbiquitousComputing

TraditionalComputing

PervasiveComputing

Low

L

ow

High

High

Embeddedness

Mobility

Source:

Lyytinen 200330


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Challenges

Manageability Challenges homogeneity, i.e., that all machines agree on the

same software, protocols, formats, and versioning

New Programming Models

Adapting platform-independent programming such

as Java, Flash, and Silverlight to ensemble

programming

Context-aware programming models can also be

useful to write ensemble applications.

Wireless Limitations

Reliable connectivity signal blockage, RFI

Form factors - increasingly mobile devices size to

support various communication technologies31


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Challenges

Usability Issues broad availability and spectrum of devices that can

form an ensemble, and do so with minimal user

intervention, will dictate the usability and

pervasiveness of the technology. Power Constraints

Mobility of Tasks within Ensembles Based on Power

Availability

Mobility of Physical Power among EnsembleMembers

Security and Privacy

Ensemble formation

Ensemble computation32


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HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

WORLDDAB: Digital Audio Broadcast

VHE: Virtual Home Environment

DVB-T: Digital Video Broadcast Terrestrial

UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

Challenges

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Challenges

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Challenges

..Rather than supporting the device, ITorganizations would be better served bysupporting specific mobile computingapplications

Ty Rollin, Chief architect of Mobiquity

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ACE2EIDE

Innovative Digital Economy. Initiatives Digital Malaysia or Digital ASEAN.

One of the focus area Smart City Smart Village.

Challenge for Malaysia and ASEAN low in ICTadoption, especially in connectivity.

Role of the university to carry out research in

order to solve this problem.

Our idea - HoneyBee computing. Case Study Advanced Computing

Environment to Enhance Innovative Digital

Economy (ACE2EIDE)37


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ACE2EIDE

The whole project is funded by the Malaysiangovernment through the Long Term Research

Grant (LRGS)

Amount of fund: RM6 million over 3-5 years.

Currently still under development.

First release end of 2013.

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ACE2EIDE

Malaysian initiative for Innovative Digital Economy

1990 2010

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Overall Connectivity

Business

Env

Social &

Culture Legal

Gov Policy

& Vision

Business

Adoption1 Sweden 8.49 8.20 8.13 8.53 8.25 8.90 8.75

2 Denmark 8.41 7.85 8.18 8.47 8.10 8.70 8.90

3 United States 8.41 7.35 7.85 9.00 8.70 9.25 8.90

4 Finland 8.36 8.00 8.3 8.47 8.35 8.00 8.85

7 Hong Kong 8.22 7.65 8.4 7.27 9.00 9.18 8.28

8 Singapore 8.22 7.35 8.63 7.33 8.70 9.13 8.489 Australia 8.21 7.35 8.24 8.53 8.50 8.85 8.18

10 New Zealand 8.07 6.80 8.17 8.6 8.45 8.50 8.29

12 Taiwan 7.99 7.00 7.95 8.4 8.15 8.55 8.15

13 South Korea 7.94 7.90 7.32 8.8 7.65 9.20 7.18

14 United Kingdom 7.89 7.65 7.40 7.73 8.10 8.55 8.00

16 Japan 7.85 7.70 7.16 7.8 7.43 8.75 8.04

36 Malaysia 5.93 4.35 7.36 5.47 6.88 6.65 5.80

49 Thailand 4.86 3.20 6.83 4.50 6.60 5.00 4.08

54 Philippines 4.47 2.60 6.35 4.27 4.85 5.20 4.38

56 China 4.28 2.65 6.36 5.40 5.20 4.60 3.11

58 India 4.11 2.15 6.27 4.67 5.60 5.10 2.88

62 Vietnam 3.87 3.20 5.70 3.60 4.65 4.60 2.71

65 Indonesia 3.60 2.6o 6.04 3.60 4.20 3.88 2.5540

ACE2EIDE

Smart Cit Smart Village (SCSV)


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Smart City Smart Village (SCSV)

)

One of the initiative under Digital Malaysiaor may be Digital ASEAN.

The main aim - to balance development in

the urban and rural areas. The goal - to improve everything from

energy use to healthcare, education, traffic

and shopping by doing it smart with the

help of ICT and green technology.

Contribute to the national economy.

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Ensemble Computing

Our proposed model of connectivity to supportSmart City Smart Village is based on the

concept of Ensemble computing as suggested

by European Union Interlink WG1.

Computing devices can communicate and

work together to complete a certain task

based on peer-to-peer protocol and

supporting services. Modes : Swarm of bats and Bee hive

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HoneyBee Computing

The Bee any computing

devices (mobile, PC,

sensors, device with

embedded software).

The bee can communicate tothe Internet via the wireless

network.

Some of the bees (from two

to a thousand) can create ad-hoc communication between

them to implement a certain

task.

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HoneyBee Computing

HoneyBee Computing is a software systemthat provides an environment for ad-hoc peer

to peer communication between people and

between devices.

In this environment, devices will constantly be

entering and leaving the ad-hoc network.

By joining an ad-hoc network, a HoneyBee

Computing enabled device would be able tocommunicate, and exchange information with

other devices within the network.

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HoneyBee Computing

Main emphasis - security and trust. Two types of ad-hoc network:

Open network, that allows any devices to join and

communicate.

Trusted network, that only allows trusted devices to

join.

Communication between devices can be done

through: Bluetooth

Wifi

3G

RFID45

H B C ti


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HoneyBee Computing

Applications

Simple applications, such as: Finding and communicating with friends

Controlling devices such as home devices from

remote.

Smart mapping software

Complicated applications depends on the

availability of the suitable ecosystem.

For SCSV, we are looking at:

Smart waste control

Secure neighbourhood

Smart farming

Smart community46


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O ll E t t


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Overall Ecosystem to

Support SCSV

To support SCSV application development, anumber of other systems need to be provided:

Semantic knowledge tool that will gather and

represent knowledge about a particular domain.

Semantic search engine.

Predictive analytic engine that uses a variety of

statistical techniques, machine learning and data

mining to analyze current and historical data to

make prediction about future events.

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ENSEMBLE PLATFORM


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ENSEMBLE PLATFORM

Application

Platform

Predictive

Analytic

Semantic

Security Agent Env. Comm. Resource

Mgmt

Apps

Implemented by Using Java

Security Apps

APIs

To Support Java

Hardware

Android

Operating System Communication

Trusted

MIDDLEWARE

Forensic Tool

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Note on Item 4 : Develop middleware/apps on Android platform as lightweight OS

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The Way Forward

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Top 10 IT Tech 20121. Media tablets and beyond

2. Mobile-centric applications and interfaces (touch, gesture and voice search) .

3. Social and contextual user experience.

4. Application stores and marketplace.

5. The Internet of everything: pervasive computing (cameras, sensors,

microphones, image recognition)

6. Next-generation analytics

7. Big data8. In-memory computing

9. Extreme low-energy servers

10. Cloud computing

The Way Forward

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The Way Forward

Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2013(Gartner 2012)

Mobile Devices Battles

Mobile Applications & HTML5

Personal Cloud Internet of Things

Hybrid IT & Cloud Computing

Strategic Big Data

Actionable Analytics

Mainstream In-Memory Computing

Integrated Ecosystems

Enterprise App Stores53


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REFERENCES

Cristian Borcea, 2011, Mobile Computing: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends.

(http://www.cs.njit.edu/~borcea)

Ganesan Senthivel, 2011, Cloud Programming

Concepts(http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/250543/Clou

d-Programming-Concepts)

Roy Want, Eve Schooler, Lenka Jelinek, Jaeyeon

Jung, Dan Dahle, and Uttam Sengupta, 2010,Ensemble Computing: Opportunities and

Challenges, Intel Technology Journal | Volume14, Issue 1.

Riri Fitri Sari, 2012, Protocol En ineerin in54


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