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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:003.6 x103 km

    00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

    UsingScrap

    Paper

    Menentukan pusat gempa dengan

    perbedaan waktu P dan S

    The Completed Process

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    Menentukan pusat gempa dengan perbedaan

    waktu P dan S

    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    AB

    C

    Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

    Start SimpleDraw a Line Down From the P-Wave to the Time Scale

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    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

    Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave

    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    AB

    C

    Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

    Judge what time the P-wave starts

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    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

    Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave

    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    AB

    C

    Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

    08:16 17 18 19

    A Quarter after 8 OClock! And No Seconds!

    A zoom-in shows P-wave starting at approximately 08:16:00

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    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

    Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave

    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00B

    C

    Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

    Put that value in the appropriate box

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    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

    Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave

    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00B

    C

    Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

    Repeat the same process for the S-wave.

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    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

    Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave

    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A08:16:00 08:21:00

    B

    C

    Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

    08:21:00 (S-Wave Time)

    -08:16:00 (P-Wave Time)

    Calculate the interval between the two wave arrivals at the seisomgraph

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    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

    Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave

    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00

    B

    C

    Fill out the chart below using the three seismograms and the chart on Page 11 of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

    08:21:00 (S-Wave Time)

    -08:16:00 (P-Wave Time)

    00:05:00 (Time Difference)( 0 Hours, 5 Minutes, 0 Seconds )

    Enter that time in the appropriate box

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00

    B

    C

    Go to page 11 of your Earth Science Reference Tables for the chart shown above

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00

    B

    C

    Use the P-S Wave time interval to figure out the distance to the epicenter

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00

    B

    C

    Scrap Paper

    Place Marks at

    P-S Wave Interval

    Time and at 0.

    Create a reference measurement using scrap paper and the P-S Wave value

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00

    B

    C

    Scrap Paper

    Scrap Paper

    Slide paper up

    and over until the

    reference marksLine up with the

    P and S Lines.

    Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines.

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00

    B

    C

    Scrap Paper

    Lightly, make a

    reference mark in pencil

    on the reference table

    at this place on the P line.

    For convenience, make a light pencil mark on the P line for use in the next step

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00

    B

    C

    Look straight down from the P line pencil mark and judge the epicenter distance.

    .2 . 4 .6 .8

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km

    B

    C

    Lightly, make

    reference marks in pencil

    On the reference table

    at these two places .

    Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units.

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km

    B

    C

    Look across at the y-axis to Judge the time value

    00:06:40

    00:06:20

    TravelTime(minutes)

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20

    B

    C

    Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units.

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20

    B

    C

    ERASE YOUR MARK!

    Erase your pencil mark on the P-wave to keep your reference table clean

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20

    B

    C

    08:15:60 (1 min. is 60 sec)

    08:16:00 (P Arrival Time)

    - 00:06:20 (P Travel Time)

    Convert hours to minutes or minutes to seconds when necessary

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B

    C

    08:15:60 (1 min. is 60 sec)

    08:16:00 (P Arrival Time)

    - 00:06:20 (P Travel Time)

    08:09:40 (Time at Origin)

    Put the calculated time of earthquake in the proper box

    Fi di th E i t f

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C

    UsingScrap

    Paper

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Anything complex is easier when broken into smaller steps

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00

    C

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Judge what time the P-wave starts and enter it in the box

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00

    C

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Repeat the same process for the S-wave.

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00

    C

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Use the P-S Wave time interval to set reference marks for the sliding step

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00

    C

    UsingSc

    rap

    Paper

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Create a reference measurement using scrap paper and the P-S Wave value

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00

    C

    UsingSc

    rap

    Paper

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines.

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km

    C

    UsingSc

    rap

    Paper

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Look straight down from the P line pencil mark and judge the epicenter distance.

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20

    C

    UsingSc

    rap

    Paper

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Look across at the y-axis to Judge the time value

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C

    UsingSc

    rap

    Paper

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Put the calculated time of earthquake in the proper box

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C

    UsingSc

    rap

    Paper

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Anything complex is easier when broken into smaller steps

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

    UsingSc

    rap

    Paper

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Follow the same overall process for Station C

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C 08:21:00

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Judge what time the P-wave starts and enter it in the box

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C 08:21:00 08:30:00

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Repeat the same process for the S-wave.

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Use the P-S Wave time interval and the y axis of the reference table

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    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00

    UsingSc

    rap

    Paper

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Find the proper place where the reference marks match the P and S Lines.

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km

    UsingScrap

    Paper

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Enter that value for the epicenter distance with proper units.

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20

    UsingScrap

    Paper

    Finding the Epicenter of an

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Calculate what time the earthquake happened using the Arrival and travel times

    Finding the Epicenter of an

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

    UsingScrap

    Paper

    g p

    Earthquake Using the Difference in

    Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Calculate and place the time of earthquake in the proper box

    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

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    $Z

    $Z

    $Z

    A

    C

    B

    0 5000 km

    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

    Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave

    3600 km

    All three arcs must pass through

    the earthquake epicenter, in

    this case, the San Andreas fault

    in California, USA.

    Using scrap paper.

    Use the Station info to locate the epicenter of the earthquake on a map

    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

    Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave

    $Z

    $Z

    $Z

    A

    C

    B

    0 5000 km

    On the Station Map, Find Station A

    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

    Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave

    $Z

    $Z

    $Z

    A

    C

    B

    0 5000 km

    Find Station B

    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

    Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave

    $Z

    $Z

    $Z

    A

    C

    B

    0 5000 km

    Find Station C

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    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Station

    Arrival Time of

    P-Wave

    Arrival Time of

    the S-Wave

    P-S Wave

    Interval

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    P-Wave Travel

    Time

    Origin Time of

    Earthquake

    A 08:16:00 08:21:00 00:05:00 3.6 x103 km 00:06:20 08:09:40

    B 08:19:00 08:26:00 00:07:00 5.0 x103 km 00:08:20 08:10:40

    C 08:21:00 08:30:00 00:09:00 7.6 x103 km 00:10:20 08:11:40

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    3.6 x103 km

    5.0 x103 km

    7.6 x103 km

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    3,600km

    5,000km

    7,600km

    or

    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

    Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave

    Station

    A

    B

    C

    $Z

    $Z

    $Z

    A

    C

    B

    0 5000 km

    Convert scientific notation for the distance to the epicenter for each station

    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

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    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

    Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave

    $Z

    $Z

    $Z

    A

    C

    B

    0 5000 km

    Using the scale bar below as the

    reference, scribe a circle around

    the three points using a

    compass, string, or scrap paper.

    3600 km

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    3,600km

    5,000km

    7,600km

    Station

    AB

    C

    Scribe the arc for Station A using the map scale distance

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    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

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    $Z

    $Z

    $Z

    A

    C

    B

    0 5000 km

    NSF Funded CUNY GK-12 Science NOW Project

    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

    Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave

    3600 km

    All three arcs must pass through

    the earthquake epicenter, in

    this case, the San Andreas fault

    in California, USA.

    Using scrap paper.

    Distance to the

    Epicenter

    3,600km

    5,000km

    7,600km

    Station

    AB

    C

    If the distance is longer than the scale, use scrap paper to extend the scale.

    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

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    $Z

    $Z

    $Z

    A

    C

    B

    0 5000 km

    Finding the Epicenter of an Earthquake

    Using the Difference in Time Between the P and the S Wave

    3600 km

    All three arcs must pass through

    the earthquake epicenter, in

    this case, the San Andreas fault

    in California, USA.

    Using scrap paper.

    Where the three arcs cross is the epicenterCircle it!